legislation
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176 rows where congress = 93 and policy_area = "Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues" sorted by introduced_date descending
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| bill_id | congress | bill_type | bill_number | title | policy_area | introduced_date ▲ | latest_action_date | latest_action_text | origin_chamber | sponsor_name | sponsor_state | sponsor_party | sponsor_bioguide_id | cosponsor_count | summary_text | update_date | url |
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| 93-hr-17615 | 93 | hr | 17615 | A bill to amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to exempt certain youth organizations, college fraternities, and sororities, and intercollegiate sports from provisions requiring that admissions and benefits be allocated without regard to gender. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-12-11 | 1974-12-11 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Fountain, L. H. [D-NC-2] | NC | D | F000319 | 0 | Exempts from the prohibitions against sex discrimination of the Education Amendments of 1972, nonprofit youth organizations and nonprofit social or honorary fraternal and sororal organizations which traditionally admitted only persons of one sex, and intercollegiate athletic activities. Provides that this Act shall be effective as of June 23, 1972, as though it had been part of the Education Amendments of 1972 as originally passed. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-hr-17617 | 93 | hr | 17617 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-12-11 | 1974-12-11 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Mosher, Charles A. [R-OH-13] | OH | R | M001031 | 8 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to prohibit any interception of communication, other than electronic surveillance, surreptitious entry, mail opening, or the inspection of and procuring of the records of telephone, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions, of any individual without a court order issued upon probable cause that a crime has been or is about to be committed, supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Provides that whoever, being an officer, agent, or employee of the United States or any department or agency thereof willfully: (1) searches any private dwelling used and occupied as a dwelling without a warrant directing such search or maliciously and without reasonable cause searches any other building or property without a search warrant; (2) procures or inspects the records of telephone calls, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions of any individual without a search warrant or the consent of the individual; (3) opens any foreign or domestic mail not directed to him without a search warrant directing such opening or without the consent of the sender or addressee of such mail; or (4) intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept any wire or oral communication except as authorized by law; shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Requires that within 30 days after the date of an order authorizing or approving the interception of a wire or oral communication (or each extension thereof) entered under authority of law, or the denial of an order approving an interception, the person seeking such order shall report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and House of Representatives: (1) the fact that an order or extension was applied for; (2) the kind of order or extension applied for; (3) the … | 2025-09-03T12:50:27Z | |
| 93-hr-17495 | 93 | hr | 17495 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-11-21 | 1974-11-21 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Mosher, Charles A. [R-OH-13] | OH | R | M001031 | 8 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to prohibit any interception of communication, other than electronic surveillance, surreptitious entry, mail opening, or the inspection of and procuring of the records of telephone, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions, of any individual without a court order issued upon probable cause that a crime has been or is about to be committed, supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Provides that whoever, being an officer, agent, or employee of the United States or any department or agency thereof willfully: (1) searches any private dwelling used and occupied as a dwelling without a warrant directing such search or maliciously and without reasonable cause searches any other building or property without a search warrant; (2) procures or inspects the records of telephone calls, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions of any individual without a search warrant or the consent of the individual; (3) opens any foreign or domestic mail not directed to him without a search warrant directing such opening or without the consent of the sender or addressee of such mail; or (4) intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept any wire or oral communication except as authorized by law; shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Requires that within 30 days after the date of an order authorizing or approving the interception of a wire or oral communication (or each extension thereof) entered under authority of law, or the denial of an order approving an interception, the person seeking such order shall report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and House of Representatives: (1) the fact that an order or extension was applied for; (2) the kind of order or extension applied for; (3) the … | 2025-09-03T12:50:20Z | |
| 93-hr-17381 | 93 | hr | 17381 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-10-15 | 1974-10-15 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Mosher, Charles A. [R-OH-13] | OH | R | M001031 | 12 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to prohibit any interception of communication, other than electronic surveillance, surreptitious entry, mail opening, or the inspection of and procuring of the records of telephone, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions, of any individual without a court order issued upon probable cause that a crime has been or is about to be committed, supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Provides that whoever, being an officer, agent, or employee of the United States or any department or agency thereof willfully: (1) searches any private dwelling used and occupied as a dwelling without a warrant directing such search or maliciously and without reasonable cause searches any other building or property without a search warrant; (2) procures or inspects the records of telephone calls, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions of any individual without a search warrant or the consent of the individual; (3) opens any foreign or domestic mail not directed to him without a search warrant directing such opening or without the consent of the sender or addressee of such mail; or (4) intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept any wire or oral communication except as authorized by law; shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Requires that within 30 days after the date of an order authorizing or approving the interception of a wire or oral communication (or each extension thereof) entered under authority of law, or the denial of an order approving an interception, the person seeking such order shall report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and House of Representatives: (1) the fact that an order or extension was applied for; (2) the kind of order or extension applied for; (3) the … | 2025-09-03T12:50:19Z | |
| 93-hr-17298 | 93 | hr | 17298 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-10-11 | 1974-10-11 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Fascell, Dante B. [D-FL-15] | FL | D | F000041 | 0 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to prohibit any interception of communication, other electronic surveilance, surreptitious entry, mail opening, or the inspection of and procuring of the records of telephone, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transaction of any individual without a court order based upon probable cause that a crime has been or is about to be committed, supported by oath or affirmation and praticularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Provides that whoever, being an officer, agent, or employee of the United States or any department or agency thereof (1) searches any private dwelling used and occupied as a dwelling without a warrant directing such search or maliciously and without reasonable cause searches any other building or property without a search warrant; (2) procures or inspects the records of telephone calls, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions of any individual without a search warrant or the consent of the individual; (3) opens any foreign or domestic mail not directed to him without a search warrant directing such opening or without the consent of the sender or addressee of such mail; or (4) intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept any wire or oral communication except as authorized by law; shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Requires that, within thirty days after the date of an order authorizing or approving the interception of a wire or oral communication (or each extension thereof) entered under authority of law or the denial of an order approving an interception, the person seeking such order shall report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and House of Representatives; (1) the fact that an order or extension was applied for; (2) the kind of order or extension applied for; (3) the fact that t… | 2025-09-03T12:50:19Z | |
| 93-hres-1417 | 93 | hres | 1417 | Resolution expressing the sense of the House that efforts of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to promote the desegregation of public schools should be applied with the same intensity, standards, and sanctions in every region of the United States. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-10-08 | 1974-10-08 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Mathis, Dawson [D-GA-2] | GA | D | M000244 | 16 | Expresses the sense of the House that efforts of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to promote the desegregation of public schools should be applied with the same intensity, standards, and sanctions in every region of the United States. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-hr-16896 | 93 | hr | 16896 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-09-25 | 1974-09-25 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Mosher, Charles A. [R-OH-13] | OH | R | M001031 | 5 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to prohibit any interception of communication, other than electronic surveillance, surreptitious entry, mail opening, or the inspection of and procuring of the records of telephone, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions, of any individual without a court order issued upon probable cause that a crime has been or is about to be committed, supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Provides that whoever, being an officer, agent, or employee of the United States or any department or agency thereof willfully: (1) searches any private dwelling used and occupied as a dwelling without a warrant directing such search or maliciously and without reasonable cause searches any other building or property without a search warrant; (2) procures or inspects the records of telephone calls, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions of any individual without a search warrant or the consent of the individual; (3) opens any foreign or domestic mail not directed to him without a search warrant directing such opening or without the consent of the sender or addressee of such mail; or (4) intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept any wire or oral communication except as authorized by law; shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Requires that within 30 days after the date of an order authorizing or approving the interception of a wire or oral communication (or each extension thereof) entered under authority of law, or the denial of an order approving an interception, the person seeking such order shall report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and House of Representatives: (1) the fact that an order or extension was applied for; (2) the kind of order or extension applied for; (3) the … | 2025-09-03T12:49:58Z | |
| 93-hres-1371 | 93 | hres | 1371 | Resolution expressing the sense of the House that efforts of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to promote the desegregation of public schools should be applied with the same intensity standards, and sanctions in every region of the United States. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-09-17 | 1974-09-17 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Mathis, Dawson [D-GA-2] | GA | D | M000244 | 0 | Expresses the sense of the House that efforts of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to promote the desegregation of public schools should be applied with the same intensity, standards, and sanctions in every region of the United States. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-hr-16669 | 93 | hr | 16669 | A bill to amend section 1979 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1983) to establish a 1-year statute of limitations on actions under such section against certain law enforcement officers. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-09-16 | 1974-09-16 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Roncallo, Angelo D. [R-NY-3] | NY | R | R000422 | 0 | States that an action for deprivation of rights against a law enforcement officer or other citizen of the United States under the Civil Rights Act may not be commenced more than one year after the cause of action arises. | 2024-08-01T18:38:40Z | |
| 93-hr-16488 | 93 | hr | 16488 | A bill to terminate age discrimination in employment. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-08-20 | 1974-08-20 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Steelman, Alan [R-TX-5] | TX | R | S000841 | 0 | Removes the sixty-five years of age limitation presently operative upon the prohibitions in the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-hr-14801 | 93 | hr | 14801 | A bill expanding the definition of the word "person" as used in the Constitution and the laws of the United States. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-05-15 | 1974-05-15 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Denholm, Frank E. [D-SD-1] | SD | D | D000234 | 0 | Expands the definition of the word "person" as used in the Constitution and the laws of the United States to mean any combination of human cells capable of becoming or being an actual human entity. | 2024-08-01T18:37:20Z | |
| 93-hr-14761 | 93 | hr | 14761 | A bill to limit the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and of the district courts in certain cases. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-05-14 | 1974-05-14 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Crane, Philip M. [R-IL-12] | IL | R | C000873 | 11 | Limits the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the district courts with respect to any case arising from a State law relating to assigning public school students to a particular school because of race, creed, color, or sex. | 2024-08-01T18:37:20Z | |
| 93-hr-14775 | 93 | hr | 14775 | Uniform Criteria Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-05-14 | 1974-05-14 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Lent, Norman F. [R-NY-4] | NY | R | L000243 | 0 | Uniform Criteria Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to specify appropriate criteria for the formulation of remedies for the orderly elimination of the vestiges of dual school systems. Title I: Assignment Provisions - States that the assignment by an educational agency of a student to the school nearest his place of residence which provides the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student is not a denial of equal protection of the laws unless such assignment is made for the purpose of segregating students on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin. Provides that the failure of an educational agency to attain a balance, on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, or socioeconomic status of students among its schools shall not constitute a denial of equal protection of the laws. Title II: Remedies - Requires a court, department, or agency of the United States in formulating a remedy for a denial of the equal protection of the laws, to seek or impose only such remedies as are essential to correct particular denials of equal protection of the laws. Provides that in formulating a remedy for a denial of the equal protection of the law, which may involve the transportation of students, a court, department, or agency of the United States shall consider and make specific findings on the efficacy in correcting such denial of specified remedies and shall require implementation of the remedies or on the first combination thereof which would remedy such denial: (1) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such students, taking into account school capacities and natural physical barriers; (2) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student, taking into account only school capacities; (3) permitting students to transfer from a school in which a majority of the students are of their… | 2025-09-03T12:48:53Z | |
| 93-hr-14776 | 93 | hr | 14776 | A bill to clarify the jurisdiction of certain Federal courts with respect to public schools and to confer such jurisdiction upon certain other courts. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-05-14 | 1974-05-14 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Lent, Norman F. [R-NY-4] | NY | R | L000243 | 0 | Provides that Federal courts shall not have jurisdiction to hear or decide cases or controversies involving the public schools. Provides that the jurisdiction of the Federal courts terminated by this Act shall vest in the State courts. | 2024-08-01T18:37:20Z | |
| 93-hr-14777 | 93 | hr | 14777 | Student Freedom of Choice Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-05-14 | 1974-05-14 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Lent, Norman F. [R-NY-4] | NY | R | L000243 | 0 | Student Freedom of Choice Act - States that no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity at any public school by way or grant, loan, or otherwise shall withhold, or threaten to withhold, such financial assistance from any such program or activity: (1) on account of the racial composition of the student body at any public school or in any class at any public school in any case whatever where the school board operating such public school or class maintains, in respect to such public school and class, a freedom of choice system; (2) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school to transport students from such public school to any other public school for the purpose of altering in any way the racial composition of the student body at such public school or any other public school; (3) to coerce or induce any school board operating such public school system to close any public school, and transfer the students from it to another public school for the purpose of altering in any way the recial composition of the student body at any public school; and (4) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school system to transfer any member of any public school faculty from the public school in which the member of the faculty contracts to serve to some other public school for the purpose of altering the racial composition of the faculty at any public school. Provides that whenever any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States violates or threatens to violate this Act, the school board aggrieved by the violation or threatened violation, or the parent of any student affected or to be affected by the violation or threatened violation, or any member of any faculty affected or to be effected by the violation or threatened violation may bring a civil action against the United States in a district court of the United States complaining of the violation or threatened violation. Provides… | 2025-09-03T12:48:48Z | |
| 93-hr-14778 | 93 | hr | 14778 | Student Antibusing Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-05-14 | 1974-05-14 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Lent, Norman F. [R-NY-4] | NY | R | L000243 | 0 | Student Antibusing Act - Provides that no court of the United States shall have the jurisdiction to make any decision, enter any judgment, or issue any order requiring pupils to be transported to or from school on the basis of their race, color, religion, or national origin. Provides that no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity at any school by way of grant, loan, or otherwise, shall withhold or threaten to withhold any such Federal financial assistance in order to coerce or induce the implementation or continuation of any plan or program the effect of which would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school on the basis of their race, color, religion, or national origin. Provides that, notwithstanding any other law or provision of law, in the case of any order on the part of any United States district court the effect of which is or would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin, the effectiveness of such order shall be postponed until all appeals in connection with such order have been exhausted or, in the event no appeals are taken, until the time for such appeals has expired. Gives the U.S. district courts exclusive jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this Act and sets forth the procedure for such proceedings. | 2025-09-03T12:48:48Z | |
| 93-hr-14676 | 93 | hr | 14676 | A bill to provide for the payment of certain court costs in civil rights actions brought in U.S. courts by prisoners. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-05-08 | 1974-05-08 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Eilberg, Joshua [D-PA-4] | PA | D | E000096 | 0 | Provides for the payment of witness' fees in civil rights actions brought in United States courts by prisoners asserting the violation of a constitutional right arising out of the imprisonment. | 2024-08-01T18:37:13Z | |
| 93-hr-14564 | 93 | hr | 14564 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-05-02 | 1974-05-02 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Mosher, Charles A. [R-OH-13] | OH | R | M001031 | 0 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to prohibit any interception of communication, other electronic surveilance, surreptitious entry, mail opening, or the inspection of and procuring of the records of telephone, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transaction of any individual without a court order based upon probable cause that a crime has been or is about to be committed, supported by oath or affirmation and praticularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Provides that whoever, being an officer, agent, or employee of the United States or any department or agency thereof (1) searches any private dwelling used and occupied as a dwelling without a warrant directing such search or maliciously and without reasonable cause searches any other building or property without a search warrant; (2) procures or inspects the records of telephone calls, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions of any individual without a search warrant or the consent of the individual; (3) opens any foreign or domestic mail not directed to him without a search warrant directing such opening or without the consent of the sender or addressee of such mail; or (4) intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept any wire or oral communication except as authorized by law; shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Requires that, within thirty days after the date of an order authorizing or approving the interception of a wire or oral communication (or each extension thereof) entered under authority of law or the denial of an order approving an interception, the person seeking such order shall report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and House of Representatives; (1) the fact that an order or extension was applied for; (2) the kind of order or extension applied for; (3) the fact that t… | 2025-09-03T12:48:42Z | |
| 93-s-3440 | 93 | s | 3440 | Bill of Rights Procedures Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-05-02 | 1974-05-02 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Mathias, Charles McC., Jr. [R-MD] | MD | R | M000241 | 5 | Bill of Rights Procedure Act - States that the purpose of this Act is to prohibit any interception of communication, other electronic surveilance, surreptitious entry, mail opening, or the inspection of and procuring of the records of telephone, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transaction of any individual without a court order issued upon probable cause that a crime has been or is about to be committed, supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Provides that any officer, agent, or employee of the United States or any department or agency thereof who willfully (1) searches any private dwelling used and occupied as a dwelling without a warrant directing such search or maliciously and without reasonable cause searches any other building or property without a search warrant; (2) procures or inspects the records of telephone calls, bank, credit, medical, or other business or private transactions of any individual without a search warrant or the consent of the individual; (3) opens any foreign or domestic mail not directed to him without a search warrant directing such opening or without the consent of the sender or addressee of such mail; (4) intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept any wire or oral communication except as authorized; shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Requires that within thirty days after the date of an order authorizing the interception of a wire or oral communication or the opening of mail the person seeking such order or warrant shall report to the Administration Office of the United States Courts and to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and House of Representatives certain specified information, including: (1) the fact that an order or extension was applied for; (2) the kind of order or extension applied for; and (3) the fact that the order or extension was granted as applied for, was modified, o… | 2025-09-03T12:52:59Z | |
| 93-hr-14481 | 93 | hr | 14481 | Uniform Criteria Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-30 | 1974-04-30 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Snyder, M. G. (Gene) [R-KY-4] | KY | R | S000669 | 15 | Uniform Criteria Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to specify appropriate criteria for the formulation of remedies for the orderly elimination of the vestiges of dual school systems. Title I: Assignment Provisions - States that the assignment by an educational agency of a student to the school nearest his place of residence which provides the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student is not a denial of equal protection of the laws unless such assignment is made for the purpose of segregating students on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin. Provides that the failure of an educational agency to attain a balance, on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, or socioeconomic status of students among its schools shall not constitute a denial of equal protection of the laws. Title II: Remedies - Requires a court, department, or agency of the United States in formulating a remedy for a denial of the equal protection of the laws, to seek or impose only such remedies as are essential to correct particular denials of equal protection of the laws. Provides that in formulating a remedy for a denial of the equal protection of the law, which may involve the transportation of students, a court, department, or agency of the United States shall consider and make specific findings on the efficacy in correcting such denial of specified remedies and shall require implementation of the remedies or on the first combination thereof which would remedy such denial: (1) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such students, taking into account school capacities and natural physical barriers; (2) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student, taking into account only school capacities; (3) permitting students to transfer from a school in which a majority of the students are of their… | 2025-09-03T12:48:41Z | |
| 93-hr-14482 | 93 | hr | 14482 | A bill to clarify the jurisdiction of certain Federal courts with respect to public schools and to confer such jurisdiction upon certain other courts. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-30 | 1974-04-30 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Snyder, M. G. (Gene) [R-KY-4] | KY | R | S000669 | 11 | Provides that no court created by Act of Congress and having general jurisdiction, original or appellate, with respect to cases or controversies arising under the laws or Constitution of the United States, shall have any jurisdiction to hear or decide cases or controversies involving the public schools. Vests the jurisdiction terminated by this Act in the courts of the several States and, with respect to such cases and controversies arising in the District of Columbia or in any other territory or possession of the United States, in the Federal courts of an essentially local jurisdiction in such District, territory, or possession. Vests in the Supreme Court of the United States appellate jurisdiction by writ of certiorari to the highest State or territorial court exercising jurisdiction over such case or controversy. | 2024-08-01T18:37:07Z | |
| 93-hr-14483 | 93 | hr | 14483 | Student Antibusing Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-30 | 1974-04-30 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Snyder, M. G. (Gene) [R-KY-4] | KY | R | S000669 | 15 | Student Antibusing Act - Provides that no court of the United States shall have the jurisdiction to make any decision, enter any judgment, or issue any order requiring pupils to be transported to or from school on the basis of their race, color, religion, or national origin. Provides that no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity at any school by way of grant, loan, or otherwise, shall withhold or threaten to withhold any such Federal financial assistance in order to coerce or induce the implementation or continuation of any plan or program the effect of which would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school on the basis of their race, color, religion, or national origin. Provides that, notwithstanding any other law or provision of law, in the case of any order on the part of any United States district court the effect of which is or would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin, the effectiveness of such order shall be postponed until all appeals in connection with such order have been exhausted or, in the event no appeals are taken, until the time for such appeals has expired. Gives the U.S. district courts exclusive jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this Act and sets forth the procedure for such proceedings. | 2025-09-03T12:48:38Z | |
| 93-hr-14484 | 93 | hr | 14484 | Student Freedom of Choice Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-30 | 1974-04-30 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Snyder, M. G. (Gene) [R-KY-4] | KY | R | S000669 | 15 | Student Freedom of Choice Act - States that no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity at any public school by way or grant, loan, or otherwise shall withhold, or threaten to withhold, such financial assistance from any such program or activity: (1) on account of the racial composition of the student body at any public school or in any class at any public school in any case whatever where the school board operating such public school or class maintains, in respect to such public school and class, a freedom of choice system; (2) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school to transport students from such public school to any other public school for the purpose of altering in any way the racial composition of the student body at such public school or any other public school; (3) to coerce or induce any school board operating such public school system to close any public school, and transfer the students from it to another public school for the purpose of altering in any way the recial composition of the student body at any public school; and (4) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school system to transfer any member of any public school faculty from the public school in which the member of the faculty contracts to serve to some other public school for the purpose of altering the racial composition of the faculty at any public school. Provides that whenever any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States violates or threatens to violate this Act, the school board aggrieved by the violation or threatened violation, or the parent of any student affected or to be affected by the violation or threatened violation, or any member of any faculty affected or to be effected by the violation or threatened violation may bring a civil action against the United States in a district court of the United States complaining of the violation or threatened violation. Provides… | 2025-09-03T12:48:38Z | |
| 93-hr-14336 | 93 | hr | 14336 | A bill to limit the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and of the district courts in certain cases. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-24 | 1974-04-24 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Crane, Philip M. [R-IL-12] | IL | R | C000873 | 0 | Limits the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the district courts with respect to any case arising from a State law relating to assigning public school students to a particular school because of race, creed, color, or sex. | 2024-08-01T18:37:01Z | |
| 93-hjres-985 | 93 | hjres | 985 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to the busing or involuntary assignment of students. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-23 | 1974-04-23 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Winn, Larry, Jr. [R-KS-3] | KS | R | W000636 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that nothing in the Constitution of the United States shall empower any official or court of the United States to issue any order requiring or directing any funds to be used or withheld or encourage, the busing of students from one school to another to force any student or students attending any elementary or secondary school in their own neighborhood, where such school is not established purposely to perpetuate segregation, to attend any other school against his or her choice, the choice of his or her parents, parent or guardian, in order to accomplish desegregation on the basis of race, color, or national origin. | 2024-08-01T18:27:46Z | |
| 93-hr-14131 | 93 | hr | 14131 | Uniform Criteria Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-10 | 1974-04-10 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Roberts, Ray [D-TX-4] | TX | D | R000312 | 0 | Uniform Criteria Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to specify appropriate criteria for the formulation of remedies for the orderly elimination of the vestiges of dual school systems. Title I: Assignment Provisions - States that the assignment by an educational agency of a student to the school nearest his place of residence which provides the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student is not a denial of equal protection of the laws unless such assignment is made for the purpose of segregating students on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin. Provides that the failure of an educational agency to attain a balance, on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, or socioeconomic status of students among its schools shall not constitute a denial of equal protection of the laws. Title II: Remedies - Requires a court, department, or agency of the United States in formulating a remedy for a denial of the equal protection of the laws, to seek or impose only such remedies as are essential to correct particular denials of equal protection of the laws. Provides that in formulating a remedy for a denial of the equal protection of the law, which may involve the transportation of students, a court, department, or agency of the United States shall consider and make specific findings on the efficacy in correcting such denial of specified remedies and shall require implementation of the remedies or on the first combination thereof which would remedy such denial: (1) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such students, taking into account school capacities and natural physical barriers; (2) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student, taking into account only school capacities; (3) permitting students to transfer from a school in which a majority of the students are of their… | 2025-09-03T12:48:33Z | |
| 93-hr-14132 | 93 | hr | 14132 | Student Freedom of Choice Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-10 | 1974-04-10 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Roberts, Ray [D-TX-4] | TX | D | R000312 | 0 | Student Freedom of Choice Act - States that no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity at any public school by way or grant, loan, or otherwise shall withhold, or threaten to withhold, such financial assistance from any such program or activity: (1) on account of the racial composition of the student body at any public school or in any class at any public school in any case whatever where the school board operating such public school or class maintains, in respect to such public school and class, a freedom of choice system; (2) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school to transport students from such public school to any other public school for the purpose of altering in any way the racial composition of the student body at such public school or any other public school; (3) to coerce or induce any school board operating such public school system to close any public school, and transfer the students from it to another public school for the purpose of altering in any way the recial composition of the student body at any public school; and (4) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school system to transfer any member of any public school faculty from the public school in which the member of the faculty contracts to serve to some other public school for the purpose of altering the racial composition of the faculty at any public school. Provides that whenever any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States violates or threatens to violate this Act, the school board aggrieved by the violation or threatened violation, or the parent of any student affected or to be affected by the violation or threatened violation, or any member of any faculty affected or to be effected by the violation or threatened violation may bring a civil action against the United States in a district court of the United States complaining of the violation or threatened violation. Provides… | 2025-09-03T12:48:28Z | |
| 93-hr-14133 | 93 | hr | 14133 | A bill to clarify the jurisdiction of certain Federal courts with respect to public schools and to confer such jurisdiction upon certain other courts. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-10 | 1974-04-10 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Roberts, Ray [D-TX-4] | TX | D | R000312 | 0 | Provides that Federal courts shall not have jurisdiction to hear or decide cases or controversies involving the public schools. Provides that the jurisdiction of the Federal courts terminated by this Act shall vest in the State courts. | 2024-08-01T18:36:54Z | |
| 93-hr-14134 | 93 | hr | 14134 | Student Antibusing Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-04-10 | 1974-04-10 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Roberts, Ray [D-TX-4] | TX | D | R000312 | 0 | Student Antibusing Act - Provides that no court of the United States shall have the jurisdiction to make any decision, enter any judgment, or issue any order requiring pupils to be transported to or from school on the basis of their race, color, religion, or national origin. Provides that no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity at any school by way of grant, loan, or otherwise, shall withhold or threaten to withhold any such Federal financial assistance in order to coerce or induce the implementation or continuation of any plan or program the effect of which would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school on the basis of their race, color, religion, or national origin. Provides that, notwithstanding any other law or provision of law, in the case of any order on the part of any United States district court the effect of which is or would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin, the effectiveness of such order shall be postponed until all appeals in connection with such order have been exhausted or, in the event no appeals are taken, until the time for such appeals has expired. Gives the U.S. district courts exclusive jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this Act and sets forth the procedure for such proceedings. | 2025-09-03T12:48:28Z | |
| 93-hr-13672 | 93 | hr | 13672 | A bill to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with respect to school desegregation. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-03-21 | 1974-03-21 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Moakley, John Joseph [D-MA-9] | MA | D | M000834 | 0 | Revises the Civil Rights Act by providing that nothing in the Act shall be construed so as to permit the curtailment or delay of Federal financial assistance to any local educational agency which operates its system of free public education on an exclusively open enrollment basis. Authorizes the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to make grants to each local educational agency equalling 50 percent of the increased cost borne by such agency in establishing or operating an open enrollment basis school system. | 2024-08-01T18:36:32Z | |
| 93-hr-13630 | 93 | hr | 13630 | Student Freedom of Choice Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-03-20 | 1974-03-20 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Kemp, Jack [R-NY-38] | NY | R | K000086 | 0 | Student Freedom of Choice Act - States that no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity at any public school by way or grant, loan, or otherwise shall withhold, or threaten to withhold, such financial assistance from any such program or activity: (1) on account of the racial composition of the student body at any public school or in any class at any public school in any case whatever where the school board operating such public school or class maintains, in respect to such public school and class, a freedom of choice system; (2) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school to transport students from such public school to any other public school for the purpose of altering in any way the racial composition of the student body at such public school or any other public school; (3) to coerce or induce any school board operating such public school system to close any public school, and transfer the students from it to another public school for the purpose of altering in any way the recial composition of the student body at any public school; and (4) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school system to transfer any member of any public school faculty from the public school in which the member of the faculty contracts to serve to some other public school for the purpose of altering the racial composition of the faculty at any public school. Provides that whenever any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States violates or threatens to violate this Act, the school board aggrieved by the violation or threatened violation, or the parent of any student affected or to be affected by the violation or threatened violation, or any member of any faculty affected or to be effected by the violation or threatened violation may bring a civil action against the United States in a district court of the United States complaining of the violation or threatened violation. Provides… | 2025-09-03T12:48:10Z | |
| 93-hr-13331 | 93 | hr | 13331 | A bill to postpone the effectiveness of certain U.S. district court orders. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-03-07 | 1974-03-07 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Mazzoli, Romano L. [D-KY-3] | KY | D | M000291 | 0 | Postpones the effectiveness of United States district court orders the effect of which would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school on the basis of race, color, or religion. | 2024-08-01T18:36:18Z | |
| 93-hr-12474 | 93 | hr | 12474 | Uniform Criteria Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-01-31 | 1974-01-31 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Snyder, M. G. (Gene) [R-KY-4] | KY | R | S000669 | 0 | Uniform Criteria Act - States that it is the purpose of this Act to specify appropriate criteria for the formulation of remedies for the orderly elimination of the vestiges of dual school systems. Title I: Assignment Provisions - States that the assignment by an educational agency of a student to the school nearest his place of residence which provides the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student is not a denial of equal protection of the laws unless such assignment is made for the purpose of segregating students on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin. Provides that the failure of an educational agency to attain a balance, on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, or socioeconomic status of students among its schools shall not constitute a denial of equal protection of the laws. Title II: Remedies - Requires a court, department, or agency of the United States in formulating a remedy for a denial of the equal protection of the laws, to seek or impose only such remedies as are essential to correct particular denials of equal protection of the laws. Provides that in formulating a remedy for a denial of the equal protection of the law, which may involve the transportation of students, a court, department, or agency of the United States shall consider and make specific findings on the efficacy in correcting such denial of specified remedies and shall require implementation of the remedies or on the first combination thereof which would remedy such denial: (1) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such students, taking into account school capacities and natural physical barriers; (2) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student, taking into account only school capacities; (3) permitting students to transfer from a school in which a majority of the students are of their… | 2025-09-03T12:47:38Z | |
| 93-hr-12476 | 93 | hr | 12476 | A bill to clarify the jurisdiction of certain Federal courts with respect to public schools and to confer such jurisdiction upon certain other courts. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-01-31 | 1974-01-31 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Snyder, M. G. (Gene) [R-KY-4] | KY | R | S000669 | 0 | Provides that no court created by Act of Congress and having general jurisdiction, original or appellate, with respect to cases or controversies arising under the laws or Constitution of the United States, shall have any jurisdiction to hear or decide cases or controversies involving the public schools. Vests the jurisdiction terminated by this Act in the courts of the several States and, with respect to such cases and controversies arising in the District of Columbia or in any other territory or possession of the United States, in the Federal courts of an essentially local jurisdiction in such District, territory, or possession. Vests in the Supreme Court of the United States appellate jurisdiction by writ of certiorari to the highest State or territorial court exercising jurisdiction over such case or controversy. | 2024-08-01T18:35:42Z | |
| 93-hr-12477 | 93 | hr | 12477 | Student Antibusing Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-01-31 | 1974-01-31 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Snyder, M. G. (Gene) [R-KY-4] | KY | R | S000669 | 0 | Student Antibusing Act - Provides that no court of the United States shall have the jurisdiction to make any decision, enter any judgment, or issue any order requiring pupils to be transported to or from school on the basis of their race, color, religion, or national origin. Provides that no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity at any school by way of grant, loan, or otherwise, shall withhold or threaten to withhold any such Federal financial assistance in order to coerce or induce the implementation or continuation of any plan or program the effect of which would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school on the basis of their race, color, religion, or national origin. Provides that, notwithstanding any other law or provision of law, in the case of any order on the part of any United States district court the effect of which is or would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin, the effectiveness of such order shall be postponed until all appeals in connection with such order have been exhausted or, in the event no appeals are taken, until the time for such appeals has expired. Gives the U.S. district courts exclusive jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this Act and sets forth the procedure for such proceedings. | 2025-09-03T12:47:34Z | |
| 93-hr-12267 | 93 | hr | 12267 | A bill to prohibit discrimination by any party to a federally related mortgage transaction on the basis of sex or marital status, and to require all parties to any such transaction to submit appropriate reports thereon for public inspection. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-01-23 | 1974-01-23 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Wilson, Charles H. [D-CA-31] | CA | D | W000571 | 0 | Makes it unlawful for any party to a federally related mortgage transaction: (1) to discriminate on the basis of sex or marital status against any individual in connection with such transaction; or (2) to refuse to submit, omit from, or make false statements in any report with respect to one or more federally related mortgage transactions. Defines the terms used in this Act. States that every party to a federally related mortgage transaction shall submit to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development a report of any acts and functions performed by such party as a part of or in connection with such transaction. Specifies the content of such reports. Imposes civil and criminal liabilities on any party to a federally related mortgage transaction which discriminates on the basis of sex or marital status against any person in a credit transaction or in connection with an application for credit. | 2024-08-01T18:35:35Z | |
| 93-hr-12268 | 93 | hr | 12268 | Women's Equality Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1974-01-23 | 1974-01-23 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Wilson, Charles H. [D-CA-31] | CA | D | W000571 | 0 | Women's Equality Act - Confers jurisdiction upon the district courts of the United Statess to provide for injuctive relief against sex discrimination in public accommodations. Authorizes the Attorney General to institute suits to eliminate sex discrimination in public facilities and public educaion. Prohibits sex discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of housing or in the provision of brokerage services. Authorizes the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to make matching grants to States for the establishment of commissions on the status of women. Authorizes the Secretary of HEW to pay up to fifty percent of the cost of commissions, boards, and advisory panels established by the legislatures of Governors of the several States to study any of the following subjects: (1) the denial of equal protection of the laws to women under the laws, ordinances, rules, regulations, or procedures of the State or any political subdivision thereof; (2) private discrimination against women, especially denial of equal employment opportunity, equal access of public accommodations and services, and equal educational opportunity; or (3) affirmative steps necessary by public officials and private citizens to insure equality of opportunity to women and equal participation by women in all aspects of national and State life. Authorizes the appropriation of $2,000,000 to carry out such purpose. Requires the Secretary to make recommendations to equalize the treatment of the sexes under the Social Security Act, the Internal Revenue Code, and the Family Assistance Act. Requires the Commissioner of Education to conduct a survey and report to Congress on the denial of equal educational opportunity because of sex and make recommendations to eliminate such denial. | 2025-09-03T12:47:26Z | |
| 93-hr-12010 | 93 | hr | 12010 | A bill to protect the constitutional rights of the subjects of arrest records and to authorize the Federal Bureau of Investigation to disseminate conviction records to State and local government agencies. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-12-18 | 1973-12-18 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Esch, Marvin L. [R-MI-2] | MI | R | E000213 | 0 | Requires the Attorney General to: (1) acquire, collect, classify and preserve criminal records; and (2) exchange such records with the Federal Government, the States, cities, and penal and other institutions for law enforcement purposes. Authorizes the Attorney General to exchange such records with the officials of Federally chartered or insured banking institutions to promote or maintain the security to those institutions. States that any such exchange under this Act shall be made only for the official use of any such official. Provides that all copies of records of information filed as a result of an arrest that is legally terminated in favor of the arrested individual shall be returned to that individual within sixty days of final disposition and shall not be maintained in the files of any Federal agency. States that the Attorney General's authority to disseminate records indicating that an individual has been arrested or charged with any criminal offense to noncriminal justice agencies shall expire on December 31, 1974. | 2024-08-01T18:35:27Z | |
| 93-hr-11862 | 93 | hr | 11862 | A bill to amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to prohibit nonessential educational transportation in recognition of the current energy crisis. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-12-10 | 1973-12-10 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Huber, Robert J. [R-MI-18] | MI | R | H000897 | 0 | Prohibits local educational agencies from implementing a plan of desegregation for a school year which would involve an increase in the gasoline consumed by such agency during the preceding school year. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-hr-11583 | 93 | hr | 11583 | A bill to amend the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 to remove the 65-year age limitation. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-11-27 | 1973-11-27 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Derwinski, Edward J. [R-IL-4] | IL | R | D000269 | 0 | Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments - Removes the sixty-five year age limitation, under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-hjres-771 | 93 | hjres | 771 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to neighborhood schools. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-10-12 | 1973-10-12 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Rhodes, John J. [R-AZ-1] | AZ | R | R000188 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that no public school student shall, because of his race, creed, or color, be assigned to or required to attend a particular school. Grants Congress the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. | 2024-08-01T18:27:39Z | |
| 93-s-2555 | 93 | s | 2555 | School Guidelines Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-10-10 | 1973-10-10 | Placed on calendar in Senate. | Senate | Sen. Allen, James B. [D-AL] | AL | D | A000127 | 0 | School Guidelines Act - Declares the policy of the United States with respect to the application of Federal law relating to desegregation. States that nothing in this Act or in any other Act shall be construed: (1) as requiring any local educational agency which assigns students to schools on the basis of geographic attendance areas drawn on a racially nondiscriminatory basis to adopt any other method of student assignment; or (2) construed to require the assignment or transportation of students or teachers in order to overcome racial imbalance, or to carry out a plan of racial desegregation, except on the express written voluntary request of appropriate officials of the local educational agency involved. Prohibits the use of funds appropriated for educational purposes to be used for busing. States that a parent of a child transported to a public school in accordance with a court order, may seek to reopen or intervene in the further implementation of such court order if the time or distance of travel is so great as to risk the health of the student or significantly impinge on his or her educational process. Provides that the rules of evidence required to prove that State or local authorities are practicing racial discrimination in assigning students to public schools shall be uniform throughout the United States. | 2025-09-03T12:52:23Z | |
| 93-hjres-760 | 93 | hjres | 760 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the offering of prayer in public buildings. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-10-09 | 1973-10-09 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Wylie, Chalmers P. [R-OH-15] | OH | R | W000781 | 5 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that nothing in the U.S. Constitution shall abridge the right of persons lawfully assembled, in any public building which is supported in whole or in part through the expenditure of public funds, to participate in voluntary prayer. | 2024-08-01T18:27:38Z | |
| 93-sjres-161 | 93 | sjres | 161 | A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to the assignment of students to public schools. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-10-09 | 1973-10-10 | Placed on calendar in Senate. | Senate | Sen. Allen, James B. [D-AL] | AL | D | A000127 | 1 | Constitutional Amendment - Proposes that no public school student shall, because of his race, creed, or color, be assigned to or required to attend a particular school. | 2024-08-01T18:40:03Z | |
| 93-hr-10644 | 93 | hr | 10644 | A bill to assure the constitutional right of privacy by regulating automatically processed files identifiable to individuals. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-10-02 | 1973-10-02 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Mathis, Dawson [D-GA-2] | GA | D | M000244 | 0 | Establishes a Federal Privacy Board. Directs the Board to prescribe rules for the regulation of automatically processed files identifiable to individuals. Provides that no data bank may be maintained except as provided in this Act. Provides for penalties for violations of this Act. | 2024-08-01T18:34:29Z | |
| 93-hr-10610 | 93 | hr | 10610 | A bill to assure the constitutional right of privacy by regulating automatically processed files identifiable to individuals. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-10-01 | 1973-10-01 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Koch, Edward I. [D-NY-18] | NY | D | K000302 | 13 | Establishes a Federal Privacy Board. Directs the Board to prescribe rules for the regulation of automatically processed files identifiable to individuals. Provides that no data bank may be maintained except as provided in this Act. Provides for penalties for violations of this Act. | 2024-08-01T18:34:29Z | |
| 93-hr-10611 | 93 | hr | 10611 | A bill to assure the constitutional right of privacy by regulating automatically processed files identifiable to individuals. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-10-01 | 1973-10-01 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Koch, Edward I. [D-NY-18] | NY | D | K000302 | 14 | Establishes a Federal Privacy Board. Directs the Board to prescribe rules for the regulation of automatically processed files identifiable to individuals. Provides that no data bank may be maintained except as provided in this Act. Provides for penalties for violations of this Act. | 2024-08-01T18:34:29Z | |
| 93-hjres-738 | 93 | hjres | 738 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to open admissions to public schools. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-09-20 | 1973-09-20 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Hudnut, William H., III [R-IN-11] | IN | R | H000906 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that no public school student shall, because of his race, creed, or color, be assigned to or required to attend a particular school. Grants Congress the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. | 2024-08-01T18:27:38Z | |
| 93-hr-10223 | 93 | hr | 10223 | A bill to limit certain legal remedies involving the involuntary busing of schoolchildren. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-09-12 | 1973-09-12 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Bray, William G. [R-IN-6] | IN | R | B000778 | 0 | States that no court established by or under the Constitution of the United States shall have jurisdiction to order the transfer or transportation of any student to carry out a plan for the desegregation of any public educational facility if such facility is operated in good faith on an open enrollment basis by a local educational agency. Directs the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to make grants to each local educational agency (as defined by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965) for 50 percent of the increased cost borne by such local educational agency in establishing or operating an open enrollment basis school system. | 2024-08-01T18:34:11Z | |
| 93-s-2380 | 93 | s | 2380 | A bill to subject the Federal, State, and local governments to the provisions of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-09-06 | 1973-09-06 | Referred to Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. | Senate | Sen. Bentsen, Lloyd M. [D-TX] | TX | D | B000401 | 0 | Defines "employer", under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, to include persons who have twenty or more employees (formerly twenty-five or more employees). Includes State and local governments and instrumentalities and interstate agencies within the definition of "employer" for purposes of such Act. Increases the amount authorized to be appropriated for the Act from $3,000,000 to $5,000,000. Prohibits discrimination on account of age in any personnel action affecting employees or applicants for employment in the Federal Government, including military departments, the United States Postal Service, the units of the District of Columbia Government, and the legislative and judicial branches having positions in the competitive service. Authorizes the Civil Service Commission to enforce this prohibition against age discrimination through appropriate remedies. Requires an individual to file a notice with the Commission within 180 days after an alleged unlawful practice. | 2025-04-21T12:24:17Z | |
| 93-hr-9786 | 93 | hr | 9786 | A bill to assure the constitutional right of privacy by regulating automatically processed files identifiable to individuals. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-08-01 | 1973-08-01 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Koch, Edward I. [D-NY-18] | NY | D | K000302 | 1 | Establishes a Federal Privacy Board. Directs the Board to prescribe rules for the regulation of automatically processed files identifiable to individuals. Provides that no data bank may be maintained except as provided in this Act. Provides for penalties for violations of this Act. | 2024-08-01T18:33:52Z | |
| 93-hr-9466 | 93 | hr | 9466 | A bill to limit certain legal remedies involving the involuntary busing of school children. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-07-23 | 1973-07-23 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Bray, William G. [R-IN-6] | IN | R | B000778 | 0 | Provides that no court established by or under the Constitution shall have jurisdiction to order the transfer of any student to carry out a plan for the desegregation of any public educational facility if such facility is operated in good faith, on an open enrollment basis by a local educational agency which operates its system of free public education or an exclusively open enrollment basis. | 2024-08-01T18:33:35Z | |
| 93-hr-9039 | 93 | hr | 9039 | A bill to limit certain legal remedies involving the involuntary busing of schoolchildren. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-06-28 | 1973-06-28 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Duncan, John J. [R-TN-2] | TN | R | D000534 | 0 | Provides that no court established by or under the Constitution shall have jurisdiction to order the transfer of any student to carry out a plan for the desegregation of any public educational facility if such facility is operated in good faith, on an open enrollment basis by a local educational agency which operates its system of free public education or an exclusively open enrollment basis. | 2024-08-01T18:33:10Z | |
| 93-hr-9044 | 93 | hr | 9044 | A bill to limit Federal court jurisdiction to order busing. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-06-28 | 1973-06-28 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Gunter, Bill [D-FL-5] | FL | D | G000528 | 0 | States that neither the Supreme Court nor any Federal court shall have jurisdiction to issue or enforce any order for the purpose of desegregation where such order would require an increase for any school year in: (1) the daily distance to be traveled by all students in the sixth grade and below transported by an educational agency over the comparable averages for the preceding school year; or (2) the average daily number of students in the sixth grade and below transported by an educational agency over the comparable average for the preceding school year. | 2024-08-01T18:33:10Z | |
| 93-s-2056 | 93 | s | 2056 | A bill to protect the right of privacy of persons by authorizing private suits when unsolicited obscene material is sent through the mails. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-06-22 | 1973-06-22 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Gurney, Edward J. [R-FL] | FL | R | G000531 | 3 | Provides that no person may mail, or cause to be mailed, to any other person any obscene material without obtaining the prior consent of the other person, or if the other person is a minor living with a parent or guardian, the prior consent of such parent or guardian, to the sending of such material. States that the receipt of such obscene material shall constitute an invasion of the privacy of the person receiving such material. Permits the person receiving obscene material to commence a civil action against the mailer. Provides for compensatory damages and punitive damages of no less than $5,000. Sets forth the definitions of terms used in this Act, including "obscene material", "nudity", and "sexual conduct". (Adds 28 U.S.C. 2941) | 2025-07-21T19:32:26Z | |
| 93-hr-8805 | 93 | hr | 8805 | A bill to limit certain legal remedies involving the involuntary busing of schoolchildren. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-06-19 | 1973-06-19 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Huber, Robert J. [R-MI-18] | MI | R | H000897 | 9 | Provides that no court established by or under the Constitution shall have jurisdiction to order the transfer of any student to carry out a plan for the desegregation of any public educational facility if such facility is operated in good faith, on an open enrollment basis by a local educational agency which operates its system of free public education or an exclusively open enrollment basis. | 2024-08-01T18:33:00Z | |
| 93-hr-8558 | 93 | hr | 8558 | A bill to limit certain legal remedies involving the involuntary busing of schoolchildren. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-06-08 | 1973-06-08 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Huber, Robert J. [R-MI-18] | MI | R | H000897 | 0 | Declares that no court established by or under the Constitution of the United States shall have jurisdiction to order the transfer or transportation of any student to carry out a plan for the desegration of any public educational facitlty if such facility is opened in good faith on an open enrollment basis by a local educational agency which operates its system of free public education on an exclusively open enrollment basis. Authorizes the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to grant to each educational agency equal to 50 percent of the increased cost borne by such local educational agency in establishing or operating an open enrollment basis school system. | 2024-08-01T18:32:50Z | |
| 93-s-1906 | 93 | s | 1906 | A bill to amend title XII of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, and for other purposes. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-05-30 | 1973-05-30 | Referred to Senate Committee on the Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Hruska, Roman L. [R-NE] | NE | R | H000875 | 0 | Establishes the National Commission on Individual Rights and Personal Security. Declares to be the duty of the Commission to conduct a comprehensive study and review of Federal court decisions, laws, and practices relating (1) to special grand juries, bail reform and preventive detention, no-knock search warrants, the accumulation of data on individuals by Federal agencies as authorized by law or acquired by executive action, and (2) the conduct of stop and frisk arrests, searches and seizures, interrogations, appellate review by the prosecution, lack of mutual pretrial criminal discovery, self-incrimination and prosecutor comment on failure to testify, the conduct of lineups, disclosure of informants' identies, fingerprinting and photography, and trial delay, finality and collateral review of Federal and State criminal proceedings. Requires final report from the Commission three years after the date of enactment of this Act. | 2025-07-21T19:32:26Z | |
| 93-s-1907 | 93 | s | 1907 | A bill to establish an arbitration board to settle disputes between supervisory organizations and the U.S. Postal Service. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-05-30 | 1973-05-30 | Referred to Senate Committee Post Office and Civil Service. | Senate | Sen. Burdick, Quentin N. [D-ND] | ND | D | B001077 | 2 | Establishes an arbitration board to settle disputes between supervisory organizations and the United States Postal Service. States that the costs of the arbitration board shall be shared equally by the Postal Service and the organization of supervisory personnel. | 2024-08-01T18:41:29Z | |
| 93-hr-7956 | 93 | hr | 7956 | Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-05-21 | 1973-05-21 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Lehman, William [D-FL-13] | FL | D | L000226 | 0 | Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments - Redefines the term employer as a person engaged in industry affecting commerce who has twenty or more employees for each working day in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the year. Includes in such definition any agent of such a person and a State and any agency or instrumentality of a State or political subdivision of a State but does not include the D.C. or a corporation wholly owned by the Government of the United States. Redefines the term employment agency to include the United States Employment Service and the system of State and local employment service receiving Federal assistance. Increases the appropriations under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 to $5,000,000. Prohibits discrimination in age in certain specified branches of federal service. Authorizes the Civil Service Commission to enforce the provisions of this act and outlines those actions which may be taken. Directs all agencies and departments to empty with any action taken. Permits an aggrieved and evidenced to bring a civil act in the proper court. Requires prior notice of 30 days to the Commission of intent to being suit before a suit may be brought in court. | 2025-09-03T12:45:16Z | |
| 93-hr-7773 | 93 | hr | 7773 | A bill to amend title XII of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, and for other purposes. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-05-14 | 1973-05-14 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Hutchinson, Edward [R-MI-4] | MI | R | H001011 | 0 | Establishes the National Commission on Individual Rights and Personal Security. Declares it to be the duty of the Commission to conduct a comprehensive study and review of Federal court decisions, laws, and practices relating (1) to special grand juries, dangerous special offender sentencing, bail reform and preventive dention, no-knock search warrants, the accumulation of data on individuals by Federal agencies as authorized by law or acquired by executive action, and (2) the conduct of stop and frisk arrests, searches and seizures, interrogations, appellate review by the prosecution, lack of mutual pretrial criminal discovery, self-incrimination and prosecutor comment on failure to testify, the conduct of lineups, disclosure of informants' indentities, fingerprinting and photography, and trial delay, finality and collateral review of Federal and State criminal proceedings. Requires a final report from the Commission three years after the date of enactment of this Act. | 2024-08-01T18:32:28Z | |
| 93-s-1737 | 93 | s | 1737 | Student Freedom of Choice Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-05-08 | 1973-05-08 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Ervin, Sam J., Jr. [D-NC] | NC | D | E000211 | 9 | Student Freedom of Choice Act - States that no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity at any public school by way of grant, loan, or otherwise shall withhold, or threaten to withhold, such financial assistance from any such program or activity: (1) on account of the racial composition of the student body at any public school or in any class at any public school in any case whatever where the school board operating such public school or class maintains, in respect to such public school and class, a freedom of choice system; (2) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school to transport students from such public school to any other public school for the purpose of altering in any way the racial composition of the student body at such public school or any other public school; (3) to coerce or induce any school board operating such public school system to close any public school, and transfer the students from it to another public school for the purpose of altering in any way the racial composition of the student body at any public school; and (4) to coerce or induce the school board operating such public school system to transfer any member of any public school faculty from the public school in which the member of the faculty contracts to serve to some other public school for the purpose of altering the racial composition of the faculty at any public school. Provides that whenever any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States violates or threatens to violate this Act, the school board aggrieved by the violation or threatened violation, or the parent of any student affected or to be affected by the violation or threatened violation, or any student affected or to be affected by the violation or threatened violation, or any member of any faculty affected or to be affected by the violation or threatened violation may bring a civil action against the United States in a district co… | 2025-09-03T12:51:57Z | |
| 93-hr-7250 | 93 | hr | 7250 | A bill to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to prohibit housing discrimination on the basis of race, color, creed, national origin, sex, marital status or, in the case of adults, age. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-04-19 | 1973-04-19 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Badillo, Herman [D-NY-21] | NY | D | B000025 | 0 | Provides that under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 no person shall be denied the equal right to rent, purchase, finance (through mortgage or otherwise), or insure a dwelling on account of race, color, religion, sex, marital status, national origin, or, if an adult, age. States that any person who is denied a right in violation of this Act shall be entitled to damages and all other appropriate legal and equitable relief. Provides that whenever the Attorney General receives a complaint in writing signed by an individual to the effect that such person is being denied a right in violation of this Act, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer of such complaint is unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief, and that the institution of an action will materially further the purposes of this Act, the Attorney General is authorized to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate. | 2024-08-01T18:32:05Z | |
| 93-hjres-513 | 93 | hjres | 513 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to nondiscrimination in public education. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-04-17 | 1973-04-17 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Martin, James G. [R-NC-9] | NC | R | M000183 | 13 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that no governmental or judicial authority shall henceforth, in any way or for any purpose, prescribe or require any attendance assignments in public schools on the basis of race or color. | 2024-08-01T18:27:31Z | |
| 93-hjres-505 | 93 | hjres | 505 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the offering of prayer in public buildings. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-04-12 | 1973-04-12 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Baker, LaMar [R-TN-3] | TN | R | B000069 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that nothing in the U.S. Constitution shall abridge the right of persons lawfully assembled, in any public building which is supported in whole or in part through the expenditure of public funds, to participate in voluntary prayer. | 2024-08-01T18:27:31Z | |
| 93-hjres-508 | 93 | hjres | 508 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the offering of prayer in public buildings. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-04-12 | 1973-04-12 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Staggers, Harley O. [D-WV-2] | WV | D | S000778 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that nothing contained in the U.S. Constitution shall abridge the right of persons, lawfully assembled in any public building which is supported in whole or in part through the expenditure of public funds, to participate in voluntary prayer. | 2024-08-01T18:27:28Z | |
| 93-sjres-89 | 93 | sjres | 89 | A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the offering of prayer in public schools or other public buildings. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-04-11 | 1973-04-11 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Roth Jr., William V. [R-DE] | DE | R | R000460 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that nothing contained in the U.S. Constitution shall abridge the right of persons lawfully assembled, in any public school or other public building which is supported in whole or in part through the expenditure of public funds, to participate in voluntary prayer. | 2025-07-21T19:32:26Z | |
| 93-hr-6739 | 93 | hr | 6739 | First Amendment Protection Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-04-09 | 1973-04-09 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary.. | House | Rep. Reid, Ogden R. [D-NY-24] | NY | D | R000150 | 1 | First Amendment Protection Act - States that no journalist or news medium shall be required by any judicial, executive, legislative, or administrative body of the United States or of any Commonwealth, territory, possession, or trusteeship thereof, including, but not limited to, any court, grand jury, agency, department, or commission, or by either House of Congress or any committee thereof, to disclose any information or the sources of any information received or obtained while acting as a journalist or news medium. Defines the terms used in this Act. | 2025-09-03T12:44:38Z | |
| 93-sjres-84 | 93 | sjres | 84 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to prayer in public buildings. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-03-27 | 1973-03-27 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Schweiker, Richard S. [R-PA] | PA | R | S000159 | 23 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that nothing contained in the U.S. Constitution shall prohibit the several States and the District constituting the seat of government of the United States from providing for voluntary prayer in the public schools of that jurisdiction, nor shall it abridge the right of persons lawfully assembled in any public building to participate in voluntary prayer. | 2025-07-21T19:32:26Z | |
| 93-hconres-166 | 93 | hconres | 166 | Concurrent resolution requesting the President of the United States to rescind Executive Order 11246 as amended. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-03-26 | 1973-03-26 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Biaggi, Mario [D-NY-10] | NY | D | B000432 | 0 | Declares it to be the sense and desire of Congress that Executive Order 11246 (pertaining to affirmative action programs to alleviate discrimination) as amended be withdrawn and rescinded. Requires every agency and Department of the United States to do the utmost to alleviate discrimination in all forms without derogating or disparaging the equal rights of all citizens. Declares that every effort be made to upgrade and improve the training and skills of all deprived and disadvantaged citizens to enable them to qualify and compete on an equal basis for all employment opportunities with all other citizens. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-hjres-457 | 93 | hjres | 457 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution to prohibit busing. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-03-22 | 1973-03-22 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Huber, Robert J. [R-MI-18] | MI | R | H000897 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that no public school student shall, by any court, department, or agency of the United States, or of any State, be required to attend a particular school because of race, color, creed, national origin, or economic status. Grants Congress the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. | 2024-08-01T18:27:27Z | |
| 93-hr-6048 | 93 | hr | 6048 | A bill to extinguish Federal court jurisdiction to require attendance at a particular school of any student because of race, color, creed, or sex. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-03-22 | 1973-03-22 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Kuykendall, Dan H. [R-TN-8] | TN | R | K000348 | 0 | Provides that no court of the United States shall have jurisdiction to require the attendance at a particular school of any student because of race, color, creed, or sex. | 2024-08-01T18:31:22Z | |
| 93-hr-5908 | 93 | hr | 5908 | Free Flow of News Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-03-21 | 1973-03-21 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Anderson, John B. [R-IL-16] | IL | R | A000195 | 1 | Free Flow of News Act - Provides that no newsman shall be compelled to give any information that would reveal confidential sources maintained by him or by any other newsman in the course of disseminating news through any news medium. Defines terms "newsman," "news medium," and "news," for purposes of this Act. | 2025-09-03T12:44:16Z | |
| 93-s-1128 | 93 | s | 1128 | Newsmen's Privilege Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-03-08 | 1973-03-08 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Ervin, Sam J., Jr. [D-NC] | NC | D | E000211 | 13 | Newsman's Privilege Act - Sets forth Congressional findings and definitions of terms to be used in this Act. Provides that a newsman shall not be compelled to disclose to a court, a grand jury, a legislative body, or other investigatory or adjudicative agency of government, which acts under the authority of the United States or any State, the identity of any person who supplies information to him while he is engaged in his occupation if he expressly or impliedly gives the person supplying the information a contemporaneous assurance that the source of the information will not be disclosed by him. States that nothing contained in the preceding sentence or any subsequent provision of this Act shall be construed to excuse a newsman from testifying to the identity of any person who commits a crime in his presence. Provides that neither a newsman nor any other person having custody or control of the same shall be compelled to produce before a court, grand jury, legislative body, or other investigatory or adjudicative agency of government, which acts under the authority of the United States or any State, anything which constitutes unpublished information. Sets forth the procedure by which a newsman can invoke the privilege accorded under this Act. Provides that in invoking such procedures a newsman shall have the right to the assistance of counsel of his own choosing. States that nothing in this Act shall be construed to impair or preempt the enactment or application of any State law which secures the minimum privileges established by this Act. | 2025-09-03T12:51:37Z | |
| 93-hr-5322 | 93 | hr | 5322 | News Media Source Protection Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-03-07 | 1973-03-07 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Coughlin, Lawrence [R-PA-13] | PA | R | C000807 | 2 | News Media Source Protection Act - States that the policy of the United States is to permit the flow of information from individuals through the media to the public with reasonable freedom from governmental intrusion, so that constitutional protection of a free flow of news is divested only when a compelling and overriding interest in the source of such information can be demonstrated. Sets forth the following procedural determinations needed prior to any consideration of compulsory disclosure of news media sources: (1) a demonstration that there is probable cause to believe a crime has been committed, and that the testimony sought is directly relevant to a central issue in that criminal allegation; and (2) a demonstration that no reasonable alternative for obtaining the testimony is available. Extends the protection of this Act to any legitimate member of the professional news media, including an individual regularly engaged in gathering, collecting, photographing, filming, writing, editing, interpreting, announcing, or broadcasting local, national, or worldwide events or other matters of public concern, or public interest, or affecting the public welfare, for publication or transmission through a news medium. Describes the sources of written, oral or pictorial information or communication to which protection under this Act is assured. Provides that no legitimate member of the professional news media shall be held in contempt, or adversely prejudiced, before any grand jury, agency, department, or commission of the United States or by either House of or any committee of Congress for refusing to disclose information or communication as to news media sources. States that where a person seeks disclosure of any news media information or communication from a person who is a legitimate member of the professional news media and who refuses to make such disclosure in a proceeding before any Federal court of the United States, such person seeking disclosure may apply to a United States district court for an order providi… | 2025-09-03T12:44:00Z | |
| 93-hr-5227 | 93 | hr | 5227 | Newspersons' Information and Source Protection Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-03-06 | 1973-03-06 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Grasso, Ella T. [D-CT-6] | CT | D | G000387 | 0 | Newspersons' Information and Source Protection Act - Provides that no person shall be required to disclose before any grand jury, agency, department or commission of the United States or before either House of or committee of the Congress the source of any published or unpublished information obtained in the gathering, receiving or processing of information for any medium of communciation to the public. | 2025-09-03T12:43:56Z | |
| 93-hr-5167 | 93 | hr | 5167 | A bill to protect confidential sources of the news media. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-03-05 | 1973-03-05 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Roybal, Edward R. [D-CA-30] | CA | D | R000485 | 0 | Prohibits any court, legislature, or administrative body from requiring persons connected with or employed by the news media or press to disclose before the Congress or any Federal court or agency any information or the source of any information procured for publication or broadcast. | 2024-08-01T18:30:53Z | |
| 93-hjres-379 | 93 | hjres | 379 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to neighborhood schools. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-27 | 1973-02-27 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Bray, William G. [R-IN-6] | IN | R | B000778 | 0 | Permits a former President and his surviving spouse to send mail within the United States as franked mail, and international mail under the marking "Postage and Fees Paid" in the manner prescribed by the Postal Service. (Amends 39 U.S.C. 3214) Specifies that the postage on such mailed matter shall be paid by reimbursement of the postal revenues each fiscal year out the general funds of the Treasury. (Amends 39 U.S.C. 3216) | 2024-08-01T18:27:26Z | |
| 93-hjres-383 | 93 | hjres | 383 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-27 | 1973-02-27 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Mizell, Wilmer [R-NC-5] | NC | R | M000833 | 22 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that no public school student shall, because of his race, creed, or color, be assigned to or required to attend a particular school. Grants Congress the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. | 2024-08-01T18:27:26Z | |
| 93-hr-4749 | 93 | hr | 4749 | Newsmen's Privilege Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-27 | 1973-02-27 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Crane, Philip M. [R-IL-12] | IL | R | C000873 | 0 | Newsmen's Privilege Act - Provides that no person shall be required by any court, grand jury, agency, department or commission of the United States or by either House of or any committee of Congress to disclose any confidential information or the source thereof which is received or obtained by him in his capacity as a newsman. Makes exceptions to this privilege for any information which has at any time been published, broadcast, or otherwise made public by the person claiming the privilege. Makes further exceptions: (1) for the source of any allegedly defamatory information in any case where the defendant, in a civil action for defamation, asserts a defense based on the source of such information; and (2) for the source of any information concerning the details of any grand jury or other proceeding which was required to be secret under the laws of the United States. Makes provisions for applications in district courts for orders divesting this non-disclosure privilege by persons seeking the information. Provides that the order shall be granted if the court, after hearing the parties, determines there is substantial evidence that disclosure of the information is required to prevent a threat to human life, or espionage, or of foreign aggression. | 2025-09-03T12:43:44Z | |
| 93-hr-4766 | 93 | hr | 4766 | A bill to amend the Education Amendments of 1972 with respect to orders requiring the transportation of students in elementary and secondary schools. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-27 | 1973-02-27 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Esch, Marvin L. [R-MI-2] | MI | R | E000213 | 0 | Provides that no court, department, or agency of the United States shall, in any case involving a denial of equal protection of the laws arising out of the operation of public elementary or secondary schools, order the implementation of a plan that would require an increase for any school year in the average daily distance to be traveled by, or the average daily time of travel for, all students in the twelfth grade or below transported by a State or local educational agency over the comparable averages for the preceding school year disregarding the transportation of any student which results from a change in such student's residence, his advancement to a higher level of education, or his attendance at a school operated by such an educational agency for the first time. States that no court, department, or agency of the United States shall require directly or indirectly the transportation of any student if such transportation poses a risk to the health of such student or constitutes a significant impingement on the educational process with respect to such student. Provides methods of judicial enforcement for any civil actions involving a denial of equal protection of the laws arising out of the operation of public elementary or secondary schools. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-hr-4789 | 93 | hr | 4789 | A bill to provide a remedy for sex discrimination by the insurance business with respect to the availability and scope of insurance coverage for women. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-27 | 1973-02-27 | Referred to House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. | House | Rep. Green, Edith [D-OR-3] | OR | D | G000407 | 11 | Provides that no person contracting to insure another against any loss shall deny to the insured or otherwise limit the insurance normally written with respect to the risk of such loss solely because of the insured's sex. Prohibits refusals to contract for insurance where such a refusal is based upon the applicant's sex. Grants the courts of the United States the jurisdiction to give appropriate civil relief to any person aggrieved by a violation of this Act. | 2024-08-01T18:30:44Z | |
| 93-hr-4840 | 93 | hr | 4840 | A bill amending the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 to provide for the nondiscrimination on account of age in government employment, and in Federal Government employment. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-27 | 1973-02-27 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Pickle, J. J. [D-TX-10] | TX | D | P000328 | 0 | Includes State and local governments and agencies within the definition of "employer" for purposes of the Age Discrimination Act of 1967. (Amends 29 U.S.C. 630, 634) Prohibits Discrimination on account of age in any personnel action affecting employees or applicants for employment in the Federal Government, including military departments, executive agencies, the United States postal service and the postal rate commission, the Library of Congress, the units of the District of Columbia Government, and units of the legislative branch, and the judicial branch having positions in the competitive service. Authorizes the Civil Service Commission to enforce this prohibition against age discrimination through appropriate remedies, including reimbursement or hiring of employees with or without backpay. Requites an individual to file a notice with the Civil Service Commission within 180 days after an alleged unlawful practice. Permits such aggrieved person to bring a civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction for such legal or equitable relief as will effectuate the purposes of this Act. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-hjres-361 | 93 | hjres | 361 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to the busing or involuntary assignment of students. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-21 | 1973-02-21 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Burke, J. Herbert [R-FL-12] | FL | R | B001091 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that nothing in the Constitution of the United States shall empower any official or court of the United States to issue any order requiring or encouraging, or directing or permitting any funds to be used or withheld to require or encourage the transportation or busing of pupils or students from one school to another or one school district to another or to force any student or students attending any elementary or secondary school in their own neighborhood, where such school is not established purposely to perpetuate segregation, to attend any other school against his or her choice, the choice of his or her parents, parent or guardian, in order to accomplish any objective or purpose, express or implied, under the Constitution. | 2024-08-01T18:27:25Z | |
| 93-hr-4371 | 93 | hr | 4371 | A bill to amend the Education Amendments of 1972 with respect to discrimination on the basis of sex in admissions to undergraduate institutions of higher education. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-20 | 1973-02-20 | Referred to House Committee on Education and Labor. | House | Rep. Green, Edith [D-OR-3] | OR | D | G000407 | 0 | Provides that no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Lists specified exceptions. | 2025-07-21T19:44:15Z | |
| 93-s-917 | 93 | s | 917 | A bill to protect the people's right to know by regulating the testimony of newsmen. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-20 | 1973-02-20 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Ervin, Sam J., Jr. [D-NC] | NC | D | E000211 | 2 | Provides that a newsman shall be competent and compellable to testify as a witness in a criminal proceeding before a federal grand jury or a criminal action in a federal court in respect to information gathered by him only for the purpose stated if the following conditions occur with respect to such information: (1) the information is based on the personal knowledge of the newsman rather than on hearsay communications received by him from others; and (2) the information tends to prove or disprove the commission of a crime allegedly committed by a third person which is being investigated by the grand jury or made the subject of prosecution in the courts. States that when a newsman is subpoenaed to testify in a criminal proceeding before a federal grand jury or in a criminal action in a federal court, the newsman may move before the judge of the court in which the grand jury is sitting or in which the criminal action is pending to quash the subpoena on the ground that the testimony sought to be elicited from him does not satisfy the conditions enumerated above. | 2025-07-21T19:32:26Z | |
| 93-s-870 | 93 | s | 870 | News Source Protection Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-15 | 1973-02-15 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Eagleton, Thomas F. [D-MO] | MO | D | E000004 | 2 | News Source Protection Act - Provides that no newsman shall be compelled pursuant to subpena or other legal process issued under the authority of the United States or of any State or territory to give any testimony or to produce anything that would reveal or impair confidential associations, relations, sources, or confidential information received, developed or maintained by him or by any other newsman in the course of gathering, compiling, composing, reviewing, editing, publishing, or disseminating news through any news medium. States that no such subpena or other legal process shall be issued unless: (1) there is a finding that the testimony or production relates exclusively to matters unconnected with the newsman's gathering of news or; (2) there are reasonable grounds to believe the newsman has information which is not privileged or is otherwise unavailable to the court. Prescribes the procedure and the parties who are to determine whether a newsman is protected under this Act. | 2025-09-03T12:51:30Z | |
| 93-sjres-62 | 93 | sjres | 62 | A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution relating to school busing. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-15 | 1973-02-15 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Talmadge, Herman E. [D-GA] | GA | D | T000035 | 1 | Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits the assignment or transportation of children to a region beyond that covered by the neighborhood school, unless such assignment or transportation is voluntary. | 2025-07-21T19:32:26Z | |
| 93-hjres-333 | 93 | hjres | 333 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the offering of prayer in public buildings. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-08 | 1973-02-08 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Wylie, Chalmers P. [R-OH-15] | OH | R | W000781 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that nothing in the U.S. Constitution shall abridge the right of persons lawfully assembled, in any public building which is supported in whole or in part through the expenditure of public funds, to participate in voluntary prayer. | 2024-08-01T18:27:25Z | |
| 93-hr-4186 | 93 | hr | 4186 | Asian American Affairs Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-08 | 1973-02-08 | Referred to House Committee on Government Operations. | House | Rep. Anderson, Glenn M. [D-CA-35] | CA | D | A000189 | 16 | Asian American Affairs Act - Establishes the Cabinet committee for Asian American Affairs to advise, authorize, and direct the departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Federal Government and organizations receiving Federal funds regarding appropriate action to be taken to help assure that Federal and other programs are providing the assistance needed by Asian Americans as a whole or by the individual Asian American ethnic, cultural, or nationality groups. Provides that the committee shall advise and direct such departments, agencies, and instrumentalities on programs focusing on the special problems and needs of Asian Americans. Establishes an Advisory Council composed of twelve members appointed by the President from among persons who are representative of the Japanese American, Chinese American, Korean American, Filipino American, Polynesian American, and other elements of the Asian American community in the United States. Provides that the committee shall direct and authorize the Advisory Council and staff to investigate such areas of possible discrimination as the committee may specify, and possible discriminatory practices in the areas of employment, housing, education, welfare and other public services, religion, recreation and other areas that may arise against the Asian Americans. Provides that the committee shall conduct public hearings at any place with power to subpena records to investigate discrimination against Asian Americans; examine for, resolve, and correct any injustices and discrimination against Asian Americans in their respective departments; and foster such surveys, studies, research, and demonstration and technical assistance projects, establish such relationship with State and local governments and the private sector, and promote such participation of State and local governments and the private sector as may be appropriate to indentify and assist in solving the special problems of Asian Americans as a whole or as individual Asian American ethnic, cultural, or nationality group… | 2025-09-03T12:43:33Z | |
| 93-hr-4275 | 93 | hr | 4275 | Free Flow of Information Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-08 | 1973-02-08 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Patten, Edward J. [D-NJ-15] | NJ | D | P000106 | 0 | Free Flow of Information Act - Declares the purpose of this Act to be to insure the free flow of news and other information to the public. Provides that no person shall be required to disclose in any Federal or State proceeding: (1) the source of any published or unpublished information obtained in the gathering, receiving, or processing of information for any medium of communication to the public; or (2) any unpublished information obtained or prepared in gathering, receiving, or processing of information for any medium of communication to the public. Defines the terms used in this Act. | 2025-09-03T12:43:34Z | |
| 93-hr-3964 | 93 | hr | 3964 | A bill to assure the free flow of information to the public. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-07 | 1973-02-07 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Findley, Paul [R-IL-20] | IL | R | F000123 | 0 | Prohibits the forced disclosure of news information or the sources of such information by persons independently engaged in gathering information for publication or broadcast, or by others connected with the news media or press. | 2024-08-01T18:30:13Z | |
| 93-hr-3975 | 93 | hr | 3975 | News Media Source Protection Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-07 | 1973-02-07 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Giaimo, Robert N. [D-CT-3] | CT | D | G000151 | 0 | News Media Source Protection Act - Provides that no legitimate member of the professional news media, as set forth in this Act, shall be held in contempt, or adversely prejudiced, before any grand jury, agency, department, or commission of the United States or by either House of or any committee of Congress for refusing to disclose information or communication as to news media sources, as set forth in this Act. Provides that where a person seeks disclosure of any news media information or communication from a person who may be or may have been a legitimate member of the professional news media and who refuses to make such disclosure in a proceeding before any Federal court of the United States, such person seeking disclosure may apply to a United States district court for an order providing such disclosure. Provides that such application shall be made to the district court in the district wherein there is then pending the proceeding in which the information or communication is sought. Provides that the application shall be granted only if the court, after hearing the parties, determines that the person seeking the information or communication, by clear and convincing evidence, has satisfied the requirements set forth in this Act. Defines the terms used in this Act. | 2025-09-03T12:43:24Z | |
| 93-hr-4034 | 93 | hr | 4034 | Equal Rights For Women Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-07 | 1973-02-07 | Referred to House Committee on Ways and Means. | House | Rep. Mink, Patsy T. [D-HI-2] | HI | D | M000797 | 0 | Equal Rights for Women Act - Proposes to eliminate sex discrimination in public accomodations by requiring under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that all persons be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services and facilities of places of public accomodation without discrimination or segregation on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, regardless of whether or not such discrimination is required by State laws, or ordinances. Extends the Attorney General's authority under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by authorizing him to institute suits for the elimination of discrimination on the basis of sex in public facilities and in public education. Expands the jurisdiction of the Civil Rights Commission to the investigation of claims of deprivation of the right to vote on the basis of sex. Directs the Commission to include in its studies concerning equal protection of the laws under the Constitution information regarding the denial of such equal protection on the basis of sex. Requires the Commission to appraise the laws and policies of the Federal Government with respect to denials of equal protection of the laws under the Constitution because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin or in the administration of justice, and before December 31, 1973 to make recommendations to the Congress for legislation to guarantee husbands and children of women employees of the Federal Government the same fringe benefits provided for wives and children of male employees in those areas where inequities exist. Asserts that the Commission will serve as a national clearinghouse for information in respect to denials of equal protection of the laws because of sex in such fields as voting, education, housing, employment, the use of public facilities, and transportation, or in the administration of justice. Raises the appropriation authorized for the Commission to $3,650,000. Provides, under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, that no person in the United States shall on the ground of sex be excluded fr… | 2025-09-03T12:43:32Z | |
| 93-hr-4117 | 93 | hr | 4117 | Student Transportation Moratorium Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-07 | 1973-02-07 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Teague, Olin E. [D-TX-6] | TX | D | T000110 | 0 | Student Transportation Moratorium Act - Provides that the implementation of any order of a court of the United States entered during the period beginning with the day after the date of enactment of this Act and ending with July 1, 1973, shall be stayed to the extent it requires, directly or indirectly, a local educational agency: (1) to transport a student who was not being transported by such local educational agency immediately prior to the entry of such order; or (2) to transport a student to or from a school to which or from which such student was not being transported by such local educational agency immediately prior to the entry of such order. Defines the terms used in this Act. | 2025-09-03T12:43:29Z | |
| 93-sjres-57 | 93 | sjres | 57 | A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to prayer in public schools. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-07 | 1973-02-07 | Referred to Senate Committee on Judiciary. | Senate | Sen. Bartlett, Dewey F. [R-OK] | OK | R | B000200 | 5 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that no provision of the U. S. Constitution shall abridge the inherent freedom of persons to pray. Includes within the freedom of prayer, the right of persons lawfully assembled in any public school or other public building to participate voluntarily in nondenominational prayer. | 2025-07-21T19:32:26Z | |
| 93-hjres-307 | 93 | hjres | 307 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-06 | 1973-02-06 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Whitten, Jamie L. [D-MS-1] | MS | D | W000428 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that no governmental authority shall at any time force any school or school district which is desegregated as that term is defined in title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to take any action to force the busing of students; to require the abolishment of any school so desegregated; or to force on account of race, creed, or color the transfer of students to or from a particular school so desegregated over the protest of his or her parents or parent. | 2024-08-01T18:27:24Z | |
| 93-hjres-310 | 93 | hjres | 310 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-06 | 1973-02-06 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Whitten, Jamie L. [D-MS-1] | MS | D | W000428 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that nothing in the U.S. Constitution shall be deemed to prohibit the offering, reading from, or listening to prayers or Biblical Scriptures, if participation therein is on a voluntary basis, in any governmental or public school, institution, or place. Provides that nothing in the Constitution shall be deemed to prohibit making reference to belief in, reliance upon, or invoking the aid of God or a Supreme Being in any governmental or public document, proceeding, activity, ceremony, school, institution, or place, or upon any coinage, currency, or obligation of the United States. States that nothing in this article shall constitute an establishment of religion. | 2024-08-01T18:27:24Z | |
| 93-hr-3811 | 93 | hr | 3811 | Free Flow of Information Act | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-06 | 1973-02-06 | Referred to House Committee on Judiciary. | House | Rep. Fascell, Dante B. [D-FL-15] | FL | D | F000041 | 0 | Free Flow of Information Act - Declares the purpose of this Act to be to insure the free flow of news and other information to the public. Provides that no person shall be required to disclose in any Federal or State proceeding: (1) the source of any published or unpublished information obtained in the gathering, receiving, or processing of information for any medium of communication to the public; or (2) any unpublished information obtained or prepared in gathering, receiving, or processing of information for any medium of communication to the public. Defines the terms used in this Act. | 2025-09-03T12:43:18Z | |
| 93-hjres-286 | 93 | hjres | 286 | Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to open admissions to public schools. | Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 1973-02-05 | 1973-02-05 | Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary. | House | Rep. Beard, Robin [R-TN-6] | TN | R | B000280 | 0 | Constitutional Amendment - Provides that no public school student shall, because of his race, creed, or color, be assigned to or required to attend a particular school. Grants Congress the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. | 2024-08-01T18:27:22Z |
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CREATE TABLE legislation (
bill_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
congress INTEGER,
bill_type TEXT,
bill_number INTEGER,
title TEXT,
policy_area TEXT,
introduced_date TEXT,
latest_action_date TEXT,
latest_action_text TEXT,
origin_chamber TEXT,
sponsor_name TEXT,
sponsor_state TEXT,
sponsor_party TEXT,
sponsor_bioguide_id TEXT,
cosponsor_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
summary_text TEXT,
update_date TEXT,
url TEXT
);
CREATE INDEX idx_leg_congress ON legislation(congress);
CREATE INDEX idx_leg_type ON legislation(bill_type);
CREATE INDEX idx_leg_policy ON legislation(policy_area);
CREATE INDEX idx_leg_date ON legislation(introduced_date);
CREATE INDEX idx_leg_sponsor ON legislation(sponsor_name);
CREATE INDEX idx_leg_sponsor_bioguide ON legislation(sponsor_bioguide_id);