crs_reports: IG10097

Congressional Research Service reports with summaries, authors, and topic classifications.

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IG10097 The Decennial Census 2026-05-07T04:00:00Z 2026-05-08T13:53:05Z Active Infographics Taylor R. Knoedl U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census / Information as of May 7, 2026. Prepared by Taylor R. Knoedl, Analyst in American National Government and Jamie Bush, Visualization Information Specialist. For more information see CRS Report IF12909, The Decennial Census of Population and Housing: An Overview. The Decennial Census The U.S. Census Bureau provides statistical data about the nation's people and economy through over 130 different surveys, including its foundational survey: the decennial census. The decennial census is mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, in order to determine each state's apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives. Preparing for and conducting the decennial census typically takes over ten years, beginning the prior decade and extending into the next decade. Phone Mail Enumerators went door-to-door to complete the Census Bureau’s nonresponse follow up (NRFU) operation for respondents that did not self-respond to the survey. Online Determine initial timelines and testing schedule Other relevant research to support decennial census operations Begin initial design research and testing Engage with public on planning Complete initial operations design Continue research and testing, including large-scale tests Finalize operational planning, supported by results from large-scale testing Conduct the decennial census; initial release of data and products, including reapportionment totals and redistricting data Conduct close-out activities, including the post-enumeration survey (PES) Data Collection The Census Bureau collected responses to the decennial census survey using three initial methods in 2020. Collected data are protected by confidentiality standards in Titles 13 and 44 of the U.S. Code. 67% Data Tabulation and Product Release The Census Bureau aims to enumerate every person within the United States and its territories. Census Bureau President Congress State Population Counts for Reapportionment 13 U.S.C. §141(b) Post-Enumeration Survey (PES) The Census Bureau conducts a Post-Enumeration Survey at the conclusion of the decennial census to assess the accuracy of the decennial census. Early Planning Design Selection Development & Integration Peak Production & Close-out 53.6% 33% 12.1% 1.3% Data sent to states for redistricting States receive demographic data for redistricting, which includes voting age population, geographic data, and data on other variables. Data Tables & Products Data from the decennial census are used for many purposes, including to inform various policy decisions, guide federal funding, oer the public insights on population trends, and help the private sector make informed business decisions. Timeline Data Collection 2019 - 2021 2021 - 2024 2025 - 2029 2029 - 2033 Enumerator Separate from initial three methods Data collected are protected by confidentiality standards in Titles 13 and 44 of the U.S. Code. Population counts are used for reapportionment of seats in the House of Representatives. This primarily consists of total residents of each state. For more information, please see CRS Report: Apportionment and Redistricting Process for the U.S. House of Representatives. Privacy Enhancing Techniques https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/IG/PDF/IG10097/IG10097.2.pdf https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/IG/HTML/IG10097.html

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