cfr_sections
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34 rows where part_number = 231 and title_number = 49 sorted by section_id
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.0 Applicability and penalties. | FRA | [54 FR 33229, Aug. 14, 1989] | (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, this part applies to all standard gage railroads. (b) This part does not apply to: (1) A railroad that operates only on track inside an installation which is not part of the general railroad system of transportation; or (2) Rapid transit operations in an urban area that are not connected with the general railroad system of transportation. (3) Freight and other non-passenger trains of four-wheel coal cars. (4) Freight and other non-passenger trains of eight-wheel standard logging cars if the height of each car from the top of the rail to the center of the coupling is not more than 25 inches. (5) A locomotive used in hauling a train referred to in paragraph (b)(4) of this section when the locomotive and cars of the train are used only to transport logs. (c) Except for the provisions governing uncoupling devices, this part does not apply to Tier II passenger equipment as defined in § 238.5 of this chapter ( i.e., passenger equipment operating at speeds exceeding 125 mph but not exceeding 160 mph). (d) As used in this part, carrier means “railroad,” as that term is defined below. (e) Railroad means all forms of non-highway ground transportation that run on rails or electromagnetic guideways, including (1) commuter or other short-haul rail passenger service in a metropolitan or suburban area, and (2) high speed ground transportation systems that connect metropolitan areas, without regard to whether they use new technologies not associated with traditional railroads. Such term does not include rapid transit operations within an urban area that are not connected to the general railroad system of transportation. (f) Any person (an entity of any type covered under 49 U.S.C. 21301, including the following: a railroad; a manager, supervisor, official, or other employee or agent of a railroad; any owner, manufacturer, lessor, or lessee of railroad equipment, track, or facilities; any independent contractor providing goods or services to a railro… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.10 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.9 Tank cars without end sills. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(b)). (c) Running boards —(1) Number. One. (2) Dimensions. Minimum width on sides, 10 inches. Minimum width on ends, 6 inches. (3) Location. Continuous around sides and ends of tank. (4) Manner of application. (i) If running boards are applied below center of tank, outside edge of running boards shall extend not less than 7 inches beyond bulge of tank. (ii) Running boards at ends of car shall be not less than 6 inches from a point vertically above the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block, end sill or back stop. (iii) Running boards shall be securely fastened to tank or tank bands. (d) Sill steps —(1) Number. Four. (If tank has high running boards, making ladders necessary, sill steps must meet ladder requirements.) (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)(2)). (3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side, flush with outside edge of running board as near end of car as practicable. (ii) Tread not more than 24, preferably not more than 22, inches above the top of rail. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. (i) Steps exceeding 18 inches in depth shall have an additional tread and be laterally braced. (i… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.11 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 35 FR 10149, June 20, 1970] | a. The term “bottom of car” as used in § 231.10 is construed to mean “bottom of side-sill or sheathing over side-sill.” b. The term “corner of car” as used in § 231.10 is construed to mean the “line at inner edge of platform formed by the intersection of the side and end of car.” (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. (i) Each caboose car shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (ii) The hand brake may be of any efficient design, but must provide the same degree of safety as the design shown on plate A. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft on caboose cars with platforms shall be located on platform to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Running boards —(1) Number. One longitudinal running board. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Full length of car, center of roof. (On caboose cars with cupolas, longitudinal running boards shall extend from cupola to ends of roof.) (ii) Outside - metal - roof - cars shall have latitudinal extensions leading to ladder locations. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(4)). See note below. (c) Ladders —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. None specified. (3) Location. One on each end. (4) Manner of application. Same as ( see § 231.1(e)(4)). See note below. (d) Roof handholds —(1) Number. One over each ladder. Where stiles of ladders e… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.12 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.11 Caboose cars without platforms. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft on caboose cars without platforms shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(b)). (c) Running boards —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(1)). (2) Dimension. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Full length of car, center of roof. (On caboose cars with cupolas, longitudinal running boards shall extend from cupola to ends of roof.) (ii) Outside-metal-roof cars shall have latitudinal extensions leading to ladder locations. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(4)). (d) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (e) Side-door steps —(1) Number. Two. (If caboose has side doors.) (2) Dimensions. Minimum length, 5 feet. Minimum width, 6 inches. Minimum thickness of tread, 1 1/2 inches. Minimum height of back stop, 3 inches. Maximum height from top of rail to top of tread, 24 inches. (3) Location. One under each side door. (4) Manner of application. Side-door steps shall be supported by 2 iron brackets having a minimum cross-sectional area 7/8 by 3 inches or equivalent, each of which shall be securely fastened to car by not less … | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.13 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.12 Passenger-train cars with wide vestibules. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Each passenger-train car shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake, which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (b) Side handholds —(1) Number. Eight. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, metal. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Minimum clearance, 1 1/4 , preferably 1 1/2 inches. (3) Location. Vertical, one on each vestibule door post. (4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts, rivets, or screws. (c) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum diameters, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 inches. (ii) Handholds shall be flush with or project not more than 1 inch beyond vestibule face. (3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side on each end projecting downward from face of vestibule end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from side of car. (4) Manner of application. End handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. When marker sockets or brackets are located so that they can not be conveniently reached from platforms, suitable steps and handholds shall be provided for men to reach such sockets or brackets. (d) Uncoupling levers. (1) Uncoupling attachments shall be applied so they can be operated by a person standing on the ground. (2) Minimum length of ground uncoupling attachment, 42 inches, measured from center line of end of car to handle of attachment. (3) On passenger-train cars used in freight or mixed-train service, the uncoupling attachment shall be so applied that the coupler can be operated from left side of car. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.14 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.13 Passenger-train cars with open-end platforms. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Each passenger-train car shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake, which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (b) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 inches. Handholds shall be flush with or project not more than 1 inch beyond surface of end sill. (3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side of each end on face of platform end sill, projecting downward. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from end of end sill. (4) Manner of application. End-handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. (c) End-platform handholds —(1) Number. Four. (Cars equipped with safety gates do not require end-platform handholds.) (2) Dimensions. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 inches, metal. (3) Location. Horizontal from or near door post to a point not more than 12 inches from corner of car, then approximately vertical to a point not more than 6 inches from top of platform. Horizontal portion shall be not less than 24 inches in length nor more than 40 inches above platform. (4) Manner of application. End-platform handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts, rivets, or screws. (d) Uncoupling levers. (1) Uncoupling attachments shall be applied so they can be operated by a person standing on the ground. (2) Minimum length of ground uncoupling attachment, 42 inches, measured from center of end of car to handle of attachment. (3) On passenger-train cars used in freight or mixed-train service the uncoupling attachments shall be so applied that the coupler can be operated from left side of car. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.15 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.14 Passenger-train cars without end platforms. | FRA | (a) Handbrakes —(1) Number. Each passenger-train car shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (b) Sill steps —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Minimum length of tread, 10, preferably 12, inches. Minimum cross-sectional area, 1/2 by 1 1/2 inches or equivalent, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear depth, 8 inches. (3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side not more than 24 inches from corner of car to center of tread of sill step. (ii) Outside edge of tread of step shall be not more than 2 inches inside of face of side of car. (iii) Tread shall be not more than 24, preferably not more than 22, inches above the top of rail. (4) Manner of application. (i) Steps exceeding 18 inches in depth shall have an additional tread and be laterally braced. (ii) Sill steps shall be securely fastened with not less than 1/2 -inch bolts with nuts outside (when possible) and riveted over, or with not less than 1/2 -inch rivets. (c) Side handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16, preferably 24, inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 , inches. (3) Location. Horizontal or vertical, one near each end on each side of car over sill step. (i) If horizontal, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center line of coupler. (ii) If vertical, lower end not less than 18 nor more than 24 inches above center line of coupler. (4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts, rivets or screws. (d) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 , inches. (3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side on each end projecting downward from face of e… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.16 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.15 Steam locomotives used in road service. | FRA | (a) Tender till-steps —(1) Number. Four on tender. (2) Dimensions. (i) Bottom tread not less than 8 by 12 inches, metal. (May have wooden treads.) (ii) If stirrup steps are used, clear length of tread shall be not less than 10, preferably 12, inches. (3) Location. One near each corner of tender on sides. (4) Manner of application. Tender sill-steps shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. (b) Pilot sill-steps —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Tread not less than 8 inches in width by 10 inches in length, metal. (May have wooden treads.) (3) Location. One on or near each end of buffer-beam outside of rail and not more than 16 inches above rail. (4) Manner of application. Pilot sill-steps shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. (c) Pilot-beam handholds —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 14, preferably 16, inches. Minimum clearance, 2 1/2 inches. (3) Location. One on each end of buffer-beam. If uncoupling lever extends across front end of locomotive to within 8 inches of end of buffer-beam, and is seven-eighths of an inch or more in diameter, securely fastened, with a clearance of 2 1/2 inches, it is a handhold.) (4) Manner of application. Pilot-beam handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. (d) Side handholds —(1) Number. Six. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, if horizontal, five-eighths of an inch; if vertical, seven-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Horizontal, minimum clear length, 16 inches. Vertical, clear length equal to approximate height of tank. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 , inches. (3) Location. (i) Horizontal or vertical. If vertical, one on each side of tender within 6 inches of rear or on corner; if horizontal, same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(3)). (ii) One on each side of tender near gangway; 1 on each side of locomotive at gangway; applied vertically. (4) Manner of applicatio… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.17 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.16 Steam locomotives used in switching service. | FRA | (a) Footboards —(1) Number. Two or more. (2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum width of tread, 10 inches. (ii) Minimum height of back stop, 4 inches above tread. (iii) Height from top of rail to top of tread, not more than 12 nor less than 9 inches. (iv) If made of wood, minimum thickness of tread shall be 1 1/2 , preferably 2 inches. (v) Footboards may be made of material other than wood which provides the same as or a greater degree of safety than wood of 1 1/2 inches thickness. When made of material other than wood, the tread surface shall be of antiskid design and constructed with sufficient open space to permit the elimination of snow and ice from the tread surface. (3) Location. Ends or sides. If on ends, they shall extend not less than 18 inches outside of guage of straight track, and shall be not more than 12 inches shorter than buffer-beam at each end. (4) Manner of application. (i) End footboards may be constructed in two sections, provided that practically all space on each side of coupler is filled; each section shall be not less than 3 feet in length. (ii) Footboards shall be securely bolted to two 1- by 4-inch metal brackets, provided footboard is not cut or notched at any point. (iii) If footboard is cut or notched or in two sections, not less than four 1- by 3-inch metal brackets shall be used, two located on each side of coupler. Each bracket shall be securely bolted to buffer-beam, end sill or tank frame by not less than two 7/8 -inch bolts. (iv) If side footboards are used, a substantial handhold or rail shall be applied not less than 30 inches nor more than 60 inches above tread or footboard. (b) Sill steps —(1) Number. Two or more. (2) Dimensions. (i) Lower tread of step shall be not less than 8 by 12 inches, metal. (May have wooden treads.) (ii) If stirrup steps are used, clear length of tread shall be not less than 10, preferably 12, inches. (3) Location. One or more on each side at gangway secured to locomotive or tender. (4) Manner of application. Sill steps sh… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.18 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.17 Specifications common to all steam locomotives. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes. (1) Hand brakes will not be required on locomotives nor on tenders when attached to locomotives. (2) If tenders are detached from locomotives and used in special service, they shall be equipped with efficient hand brakes. (b) Running boards —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Not less than 10 inches wide. If of wood, not less than 1 1/2 inches in thickness; if of metal, not less than three-sixteenths of an inch, properly supported. (3) Location. One on each side of boiler extending from cab to front end near pilot-beam. (Running boards may be in sections. Flat-top steamchests may form section of running board.) (4) Manner of application. (i) Running boards shall be securely fastened with bolts, rivets, or studs. (ii) Locomotives having Wootten type boilers with cab located on top of boiler more than 12 inches forward from boiler head shall have suitable running boards running from cab to rear of locomotive, with handrailings not less than 20 nor more than 48 inches above outside edge of running boards, securely fastened with bolts, rivets, or studs. (c) Handrails —(1) Number. Two or more. (2) Dimensions. Not less than 1 inch in diameter, wrought iron or steel. (3) Location. One on each side of boiler extending from near cab to near front end of boiler, and extending across front end of boiler, not less than 24 nor more than 66 inches above running board. (4) Manner of application. Handrails shall be securely fastened to boiler. (d) Tenders of Vanderbilt type. (1) Tenders known as the Vanderbilt type shall be equipped with running boards; one on each side of tender not less than 10 inches in width and one on top of tender not less than 48 inches in width, extending from coal space to rear of tender. (2) There shall be a handrail on each side of top running board, extending from coal space to rear of tank, not less than 1 inch in diameter and not less than 20 inches in height above running board from coal space to manhole. (3) There shall be a handrail extending f… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.19 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.18 Cars of special construction. | FRA | Cars of construction not covered specifically in the foregoing sections in this part, relative to handholds, sill steps, ladders, hand brakes and running boards may be considered as of special construction, but shall have, as nearly as possible, the same complement of handholds, sill steps, ladders, hand brakes, and running boards as are required for cars of the nearest approximate type. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.1 Box and other house cars built or placed in service before October 1, 1966. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 49 FR 26745, June 29, 1984] | Except for box and other house cars that comply with either § 231.27 or § 231.28, each box and other house car shall be equipped to meet the following specifications: (a) Handbrake —(1) Number. One efficient handbrake which shall operate in harmony with the power brake installed on the car. Each such handbrake shall (i) provide the same degree of safety as the design shown on plate A, or (ii) provide the same degree of safety as that specified in § 231.27. (2) Dimensions. (i) The brake shaft shall be not less than 1 1/4 inches in diameter, of wrought iron or steel without weld. (ii) The brake wheel may be flat or dished, not less than 15, preferably 16, inches in diameter, of malleable iron, wrought iron, or steel. (3) Location. (i) The hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car, to the left of and not less than 17 nor more than 22 inches from center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (iv) Carriers are not required to change the location of brake wheels and brake shafts on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. (i) There shall be not less than 4 inches clearance around rim of brake wheel. (ii) Outside edge of brake wheel shall be not less than 4 inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block or end sill. (iii) Top brake-shaft support shall be fastened with not less than 1/2 -inch bolts or rivets. (See plate A.) (iv) A brake-shaft step shall support the lower end … | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.20 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.19 Definition of “Right” and “Left.” | FRA | Right or Left refers to side of person when facing end or side of car from ground. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.21 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.20 Variation in size permitted. | FRA | To provide for the usual inaccuracies of manufacturing and for wear, where sizes of metal are specified, a total variation of 5 percent below size given is permitted. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.22 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.21 Tank cars without underframes. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 34 FR 11974, July 16, 1969] | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) End platforms —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Minimum width, ten inches. Minimum thickness, one and three-quarters inches. (3) Location. One on each end extending across car a distance equal to or greater than any other portion of car. Outside edge of end platform shall extend not less than seven inches beyond bulge of tank head and safety railing. (4) Manner of application. End platforms shall be securely fastened to the draft sills and be sufficiently rigid to prevent sagging. (c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (d) End platform safety railing —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Minimum of seven-eighths inch diameter, wrought iron or steel, or one and one-quarter inch pipe. Minimum clearance, two and one-half inches. (3) Location. One safety railing at each end of car shall extend horizontally across car not less than thirty-six inches nor more than fifty-four inches above end platform and extend downward within three inches of the end of the platform. The safety railing shall be located not more than six inches from the inside edge of the platform. (4) Manner of application. Safety railings shall be supported at center of car and at each end by extending downward at the ends and attaching to the platform. (e) Side railing —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. One and one-quarter inch pipe. Minimum clearance two and one-half inches. (3) Location. One on each side of car, extending from end platform to end platform at a distance of not less than 51 inches from centerl… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.23 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.22 Operation of track motor cars. | FRA | On and after August 1, 1963, it shall be unlawful for any railroad subject to the requirements of the Safety Appliance Acts to operate or permit to be operated on its line track motor cars to pull or haul trailers, push trucks, hand cars, or similar cars or equipment. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.24 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.23 Unidirectional passenger-train cars adaptable to van-type semi-trailer use. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Passenger-Train Cars Without End-Platforms.” (2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. The hand brake operating device shall be located on the end of car to the left of center. (b) Brake step —(1) Number. One (1). (2) Dimensions. Not less than twenty-eight (28) inches in length. Outside edge not less than eight (8) inches from face of car, except when “A” frame is used and extends beyond end of car, a platform of anti-skid design covering the extended portion of the “A” frame may be used as brake step. (3) Manner of application. Brake step shall be securely fastened to car and when additional support is necessary, metal braces having a minimum cross-sectional area three-eighths ( 3/8 ) by one and one-half (1 1/2 ) inches or equivalent shall be securely fastened to body of car with not less than one-half ( 1/2 ) inch bolts or rivets. (c) Sill steps —(1) Number. Two (2). (2) Dimensions. Minimum length of tread, ten (10) preferably twelve (12) inches. Minimum cross-sectional area, one-half ( 1/2 ) by one and one-half (1 1/2 ) inches, or equivalent, wrought iron, steel or other metal of equivalent strength. Minimum clear depth, eight (8) inches. (3) Location. One (1) near the rear or trailing end of the car on each side, not more than twenty-four (24) inches from corner of car to center of tread of sill step. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Passenger-Train Cars Without End-Platforms.” (d) End-clearance. No part of car above end sills except the brake step shall extend to within twenty (20) inches of a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the outside edge of any part of an adjoining car. (e) Side handholds —(1) Number. Four (4). (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths ( 5/8 ) of an inch, wrought iron, steel or metal of equivalent strength. Minimum clear length, sixteen (16) preferably twenty-four (24) inches. Mini… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.25 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.24 Box and other house cars with roofs, 16 feet 10 inches or more above top of rail. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 40 FR 34347, Aug. 15, 1975] | 1 (a) Each car of this type built or rebuilt after (January 1, 1976) or under construction prior thereto and placed in service after (effective date) shall be equipped as specified in § 231.27(a) through (h) and (j) or, if it has roof hatches, as specified in § 231.28. (b) Each car of this type placed in service after November 23, 1964 and before (effective date) shall be equipped— (1) As specified in § 231.24; or (2) As specified in § 231.27(a) through (h) and (j); or (3) If it has roof hatches, as specified in § 231.28. (c) Each car of this type placed in service before October 22, 1964, or under construction on October 22, 1964 and placed in service before November 23, 1964, shall be equipped— (1) As specified in § 231.1; or (2) As specified in §§ 231.1 and 231.27(i); or (3) As specified in § 231.27(a) through (h) and (j); or (4) If it has roof hatches, as specified in § 231.28. (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and Other House Cars.” (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and Other House Cars.” (3) Location. Each hand brake shall be located so that it can be safely operated from the end-platform. Each brake shaft shall be located on end of car to left of center and not more than twenty-four (24) inches from left side of car. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and Other House Cars.” (b) End-platforms —(1) Number. Two (2). (2) Dimensions. Width, not less than ten (10) inches. Length, full width of car. (3) Location. One (1) on each end of car not more than eight (8) inches above center sill. (4) Manner of application. Each end-platform shall be securely supported by not less than four (4) metal braces having a minimum cross sectional area three-eighths ( 3/8 ) by one and one-half (1 1/2 ) inches or equivalent which shall be securely fastened to body of car with not less than one-half ( 1/2 ) inch bolts or rivets. The outside edge of each end-platform shall be not less than six (6) inches from a vertical plane parallel with end o… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.26 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.25 Track motorcars (self-propelled 4-wheel cars which can be removed from the rails by men). | FRA | (a) Handbrakes ( includes foot operated brake ). Each track motorcar shall be equipped with an efficient handbrake so located that it can be safely operated while the car is in motion. Each handbrake shall be equipped with a ratchet or other suitable device which will provide a means of keeping the brake applied when car is not in motion. The requirements of this rule will be satisfied if the ratchet or other suitable device operates in connection with at least one handbrake on track motorcars that may be equipped with more than one such brake. (b) Handholds. One or more safe and suitable handholds conveniently located shall be provided. Each handhold shall be securely fastened to car. (c) Sill steps or footboards. Each track motorcar shall be equipped with safe and suitable sill steps or footboards conveniently located and securely fastened to car when bed or deck of track motorcar is more than 24 inches above top of rail. (d) Couplers. When used to haul other cars, each track motorcar shall be equipped with a coupler at each end where such cars are coupled (1) which provides a safe and secure attachment, (2) which can be coupled or uncoupled without the necessity of men going between the ends of the cars. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.27 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.26 Pushcars. | FRA | (a) Handbrakes. When used to transport persons, each pushcar shall be equipped with an efficient handbrake so located that it can be safely operated while the car is in motion. (b) Handholds ( includes handles ). Each pushcar shall be provided with one or more secure handholds. When used to transport persons, each pushcar shall be provided with one or more safe and suitable handholds conveniently located above the top of the bed of each pushcar. (c) Sill steps or footboards. When used to transport persons, each pushcar shall be equipped with safe and suitable sillsteps or footboards conveniently located and securely fastened to car, when bed or deck of pushcar is more than 24 inches above top of rail. (d) Couplers. When moved together with other vehicles, each pushcar shall be equipped with a coupler at each end where such vehicles are coupled (1) which provides a safe and secure attachment, and (2) which can be coupled or uncoupled without the necessity of men going between the ends of the cars. Sections 231.25 and 231.26 are applicable only when the vehicles governed thereby are coupled together and moved together. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.28 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.27 Box and other house cars without roof hatches or placed in service after October 1, 1966. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 40 FR 34347, Aug. 15, 1975; 49 FR 26745, June 29, 1984] | (a) Handbrakes. The handbrake may be of any efficient design, but must provide the same degree of safety as, or a greater degree of safety than, the following specifications: (1) Number. (i) Each box or other house car without roof hatches shall be equipped with an efficient vertical wheel handbrake which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (ii) The handbrake may be of any efficient design, but must provide a total braking force applied to brake shoes not less than the total force applied to the brake shoes by the brake cylinders at 50 pounds per square inch. (2) Dimensions. (i) The brake wheel may be deep or shallow, of malleable iron, wrought iron, steel, or other material of equivalent strength. (ii) Overall diameter of brake wheel nominally twenty-two (22) inches. (iii) Depth of brake wheel hub shall be two and five-eighths (2 5/8 ) inches with square taper shaft fit, taper two (2) inches in twelve (12) inches with small end of taper fit seven-eighths ( 7/8 ) inches. (iv) Brake wheel and drum shall be arranged so that both will revolve when applying and gradually releasing the handbrake. Handbrake shall be provided with means to prevent application of the brake by winding in a counterclockwise direction. (v) Brake shaft shall be arranged with a square fit at its outer end to secure the handbrake wheel; said square fit shall be not less than seven-eighths ( 7/8 ) of an inch square. Square-fit taper: Nominally two (2) in twelve (12) inches (see Plate A). (vi) All chains shall be not less than nine-sixteenths ( 9/16 ) inch BBB coil chain. (vii) All handbrake rods shall be not less than three-fourths ( 3/4 ) inch diameter. (3) Location. (i) The handbrake shall be so located that it can be safely operated from horizontal end platform while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car, to the left of and not less than seventeen (17) nor more than twenty-two (22) inches from center and not less than twenty-six (26) nor more than forty (40) inches ab… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.29 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.28 Box and other house cars with roof hatches built or placed in service after October 1, 1966. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 49 FR 26745, June 29, 1984] | The specifications of § 231.27 shall apply except as to the following: (a) Running boards. Same as specified in § 231.1, except: the end of longitudinal running board shall be not less than six (6) inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against buffer block or end sill. (b) Ladders —(1) Number. Two (2). (2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum clear length of tread: Sixteen (16) inches. (ii) Maximum spacing between treads nineteen (19) inches. (3) Location. One (1) on each end of car not more than eight (8) inches from left-hand side. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified in § 231.1. (c) Roof handholds —(1) Number. Two (2), one (1) over each ladder. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified in § 231.1. (3) Location. On roof of car. One (1) parallel to treads of each ladder, not less than eight (8) nor more than fifteen (15) inches from edge of roof, except on refrigerator cars where ice hatches prevent, when location may be nearer edge of roof. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified in § 231.1. (d) End handholds. (Treads of end ladders are end handholds.) Same as specified for § 231.27. (e) Existing box and other house cars with roof hatches. Box and other house cars with roof hatches built on or before April 1, 1966, or under construction prior thereto and placed in service before October 1, 1966, shall be deemed equipped as nearly as possible within the intent of § 231.1 and of this section when: Equipped as specified in § 231.1, except (1) the side ladder treads above the fourth tread from bottom of side ladder near “A” end of car and roof handhold over the side ladder near “A” end shall be removed; (2) and (1) end platform handhold shall be provided on each end of car as specified in § 231.27(i); and when handbrake is operated near roof of car a brake step shall be provided as specified by § 231.1 or when handbrake is operated from approximate level of top of end sill the roof handhold over … | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.2 Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends. | FRA | (Cars with sides more than 36 inches above the floor are high-side cars.) (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of, and not more than 22 inches from, center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (iv) Carriers are not required to change the location of brake wheels and brake shafts on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (b)). (c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (d) Ladders —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(2)), except that top ladder tread shall be located not more than 4 inches from top of car. (3) Location. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(3)). (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(4)). (e) Side handholds. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)). (f) Horizontal end handholds. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(i)). (g) Vertical end handholds. Same as specified for “Box and… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.30 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.29 Road locomotives with corner stairways. | FRA | [41 FR 37783, Sept. 8, 1976] | After September 30, 1979, road locomotives with corner stairway openings must be equipped with (a) uncoupling mechanisms that can be operated safely from the bottom stairway opening step as well as ground level, and (b) the vertical handholds and horizontal end handholds prescribed in § 231.30(e) and (g). No part of the uncoupling mechanism may extend into the stairway opening or end platform area when the mechanism is in its normal position or when it is operated. Each carrier shall so equip forty percent (40 percent) of its road locomotives by October 1, 1977, seventy percent (70 percent) by October 1, 1978, and all its road locomotives by October 1, 1979. | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.31 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.30 Locomotives used in switching service. | FRA | [41 FR 37783, Sept. 8, 1976] | (a) General requirements. (1) Except for steam locomotives equipped as provided in § 231.16 of this part, all locomotives used in switching service built after March 31, 1977, must be equipped as provided in this section. (2) Except for steam locomotives equipped as prescribed in § 231.16 of this part, all locomotives built prior to April 1, 1977, used in switching service after September 30, 1979, shall be equipped as provided in this section. Each carrier shall so equip forty percent (40 percent) of such locomotives by October 1, 1977, seventy percent (70 percent) by October 1, 1978, and all such locomotives by October 1, 1979. (3) Locomotives without corner stairway openings may not be used to perform any switching service after September 30, 1979 except passenger car switching service at passenger stations. (b) Definitions. (1) Locomotive used in switching service means a locomotive regularly assigned to perform yard switching service. (2) Switching service means the classification of cars according to commodity or destination; assembling of cars for train movements; changing the position of cars for purposes of loading, unloading, or weighing, placing of locomotives and cars for repair or storage; or moving of rail equipment in connection with work service that does not constitute a road movement. However, this term does not include movement of a train or part of a train within yard limits by the road locomotive and the placement of locomotives or cars in a train or their removal from a train by the road locomotive while en route to the train's destination. (3) Safety tread surface means that portion of anti-skid surface of a switching step that actually is contacted by a shoe or boot. (4) Uncoupling mechanism means the arrangement for operating the coupler lock lift, including the uncoupling lever and all other appurtenances that facilitate operation of the coupler. (c) Switching step —(1) Number. Each locomotive used in switching service must have four (4) switching steps. (See Plate … | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.32 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.31 Drawbars for freight cars; standard height. | FRA | [66 FR 4192, Jan. 17, 2001] | (a) Except on cars specified in paragraph (b) of this section— (1) On standard gage (56 1/2 -inch gage) railroads, the maximum height of drawbars for freight cars (measured perpendicularly from the level of the tops of the rails to the centers of the drawbars) shall be 34 1/2 inches, and the minimum height of drawbars for freight cars on such standard gage railroads (measured in the same manner) shall be 31 1/2 inches. (2) On 36-inch gage railroads, the maximum height of drawbars for freight cars (measured perpendicularly from the level of the tops of the rails to the centers of the drawbars) shall be 26 inches, and the minimum height of drawbars for freight cars on such 36-inch gage railroads (measured in the same manner) shall be 23 inches. (3) On 24-inch gage railroads, the maximum height of drawbars for freight cars (measured perpendicularly from the level of the tops of the rails to the centers of the drawbars) shall be 17 1/2 inches, and the minimum height of drawbars for freight cars on 24-inch gage railroads (measured in the same manner) shall be 14 1/2 inches. (4) On railroads operating on track with a gage other than those contained in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section, the maximum and minimum height of drawbars for freight cars operating on those railroads shall be established upon written approval of FRA. (b) This section shall not apply to a railroad all of whose track is less than 24 inches in gage. | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.33 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.33 Procedure for special approval of existing industry safety appliance standards. | FRA | [76 FR 23726, Apr. 28, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 23736, May 23, 2019; 90 FR 28170, July 1, 2025] | (a) General. The following procedures govern the submission, consideration and handling of any petition for special approval of an existing industry safety appliance standard for new construction of railroad cars, locomotives, tenders, or other rail vehicles. (b) Submission. An industry representative may submit a petition for special approval of an existing industry safety appliance standard for new construction. A petition for special approval of an industry standard for safety appliances shall include the following: (1) The name, title, address, email address, and telephone number of the primary individual to be contacted with regard to review of the petition. (2) An existing industry-wide standard that, at a minimum: (i) Identifies the type(s) of equipment to which the standard would be applicable and the section or sections within the safety appliance regulations that the existing industry standard would operate as an alternative to for new car construction; (ii) Ensures, as nearly as possible, based upon the design of the equipment, that the standard provides for the same complement of handholds, sill steps, ladders, hand or parking brakes, running boards, and other safety appliances as are required for a piece of equipment of the nearest approximate type(s) already identified in this part; (iii) Complies with all statutory requirements relating to safety appliances contained at 49 U.S.C. 20301 and 20302; and (iv) Addresses the specific number, dimension, location, and manner of application of each safety appliance contained in the industry standard; (3) Appropriate data or analysis, or both, for FRA to consider in determining whether the existing industry standard will provide at least an equivalent level of safety; (4) Drawings, sketches, or other visual aids that provide detailed information relating to the design, location, placement, and attachment of the safety appliances; (5) A demonstration of the ergonomic suitability of the proposed arrangements in normal use; and (6) A statement af… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.34 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.35 Procedure for modification of an approved industry safety appliance standard for new railcar construction. | FRA | [76 FR 23726, Apr. 28, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 23736, May 23, 2019] | (a) Petitions for modification of an approved industry safety appliance standard. An industry representative may seek modification of an existing industry safety appliance standard for new construction of railroad cars, locomotives, tenders, or other rail vehicles after the petition for special approval has been approved pursuant to § 231.33. The petition for modification shall include each of the elements identified in § 231.33(b). (b) Service. (1) Each petition for modification of an approved industry standard under paragraph (a) of this section shall be submitted to the FRA Docket Clerk, West Building Third Floor, Office of Chief Counsel, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. (2) Service of each petition for modification of an existing industry safety appliance standard under paragraph (a) of this section shall be made on the following: (i) Designated representatives of the employees responsible for the equipment's operation, inspection, testing, and maintenance under this part; (ii) Any organizations or bodies that either issued the standard incorporated in the section(s) of the rule to which the modification pertains or issued the industry standard that is proposed in the petition for modification; and (iii) Any other person who has filed with FRA a current statement of interest in reviewing special approvals under the particular requirement of this part at least 30 days but not more than 5 years prior to the filing of the petition. If filed, a statement of interest shall be filed with FRA's Associate Administrator for Safety and shall reference the specific section(s) of this part in which the person has an interest. (c) Federal Register document. Upon receipt of a petition for modification, FRA will publish a document in the Federal Register announcing the receipt of each petition received under paragraph (a) of this section. The document will identify the public docket number in the Federal eRulemaking Portal (FeP) where the contents of each petition can be accessed and reviewed… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.4 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.3 Drop-end high-side gondola cars. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (c) Ladders —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(2)), except that top ladder tread shall be located not more than 4 inches from top of car. (3) Location. (i) One on each side, not more than 8 inches from right end of car, measured from inside edge of ladder stile or clearance of ladder treads to corner of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the location of ladders on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(4)). (d) Side handholds. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)). (e) Horizontal end handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(i)(2)). (3) Location. (i) One near each side of each end of car on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from side of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the loca… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.5 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.4 Fixed-end low-side gondola and low-side hopper cars. | FRA | (Cars with sides 36 inches or less above the floor are low-side cars.) (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car, to the left of and not more than 22 inches from center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (iv) Carriers are not required to change the location of brake wheels and brake shafts on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(b)). (c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (d) Side handholds —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each end on each side of car, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center line of coupler, if car construction will permit, but handhold shall not project above top of side. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 8 inches from end of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, except end handholds under end sills, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.6 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.5 Drop-end low-side gondola cars. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)), provided that top brake-shaft support may be omitted. (b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (c) Side handholds —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each end on each side of car, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center line of coupler, if car construction will permit, but handhold shall not project above top of side. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be no more than 8 inches from end of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, except end handholds under end sills, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(4)). (d) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(i)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side of each end of car on face of end sill. Clearance o… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.7 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.6 Flat cars. | FRA | (Cars with sides 12 inches or less above the floor may be equipped the same as flat cars.) (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on the end of car to the left of center, or on side of car not more than 36 inches from right-hand end thereof. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (iv) Carriers are not required to change the location of brake wheels and brake shafts on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (c) Side handholds —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one on face of each side sill near each end. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 12 inches from end of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, except end handholds under end sills, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other hou… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.8 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.7 Tank cars with side platforms. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (c) Side handholds —(1) Number. Four or more. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one on face of each side sill near each end. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 12 inches from end of car. (ii) If side safety railings are attached to tank or tank bands, four additional vertical handholds shall be applied, one as nearly as possible over each sill step and securely fastened to tank or tankband. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, except end handholds under end sills, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(4)). (d) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(i)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side of each end of car on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 1… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.9 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.8 Tank cars without side sills and tank cars with short side sills and end platforms. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Running boards —(1) Number. One continuous running board around sides and ends; or two running full length of tank, one on each side. (2) Dimensions. Minimum width on sides, 10 inches. Minimum width on ends, 6 inches. (3) Location. Continuous around sides and ends of cars. On tank cars having end platforms extending to bolsters, running boards shall extend from center to center of bolsters, one on each side. (4) Manner of application. (i) If side running boards are applied below center of tank, outside edge of running boards shall extend not less than 7 inches beyond bulge of tank. (ii) The running boards at ends of car shall be not less than 6 inches from a point vertically above the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block, end sill or back stop. (iii) Running boards shall be securely fastened to tank or tank bands. (c) Sill steps —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)(2)). (3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side under side handhold. (ii) Outside edge of tread of step shall be not more than 4 inches inside of face of side of car, preferably flush with side of car. (iii) Tr… |
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title_number INTEGER,
title_name TEXT,
chapter TEXT,
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