cfr_sections
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81 rows where part_number = 231 sorted by section_id
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.1 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.101 Existing facility. | NIST | Existing facility means: (a) Any facility, the current status of which, including its semiconductor manufacturing capacity, is memorialized in the required agreement entered into by the covered entity and the Secretary pursuant to 15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(6)(C) and based on the Secretary's assessments of historical capacity measurements. Only facilities built, equipped, and operating prior to entering into the required agreement are considered to be existing facilities. A facility that undergoes significant renovations not memorialized in the required agreement shall no longer qualify as an existing facility. (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, in the case of a facility that is being equipped, expanded, or modernized at the time of entering into the required agreement, the Secretary may, at their discretion, memorialize the planned semiconductor manufacturing capacity of that facility or any appropriate lower semiconductor manufacturing capacity in the required agreement and deem such facility an existing facility. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.10 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.110 Person. | NIST | The term person includes an individual, partnership, association, corporation, organization, or any other combination of individuals. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.11 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.111 Predominately serves the market. | NIST | Predominately serves the market means that at least 85 percent of the output of the semiconductor manufacturing facility ( e.g., wafers, semiconductor devices, or packages) by value is incorporated into final products ( i.e., not an intermediate product that is used as factor inputs for producing other goods) that are used or consumed in that market. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.12 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.112 Required agreement. | NIST | (a) Required agreement means the agreement that is entered into by a covered entity and the Secretary on or before the date on which the Secretary awards Federal financial assistance under 15 U.S.C. 4652. The required agreement shall include, inter alia, provisions describing the prohibitions on certain expansion transactions and on certain joint research or technology licensing. (b) The required agreement shall memorialize: (1) The covered entity's existing facilities in foreign countries of concern; and (2) Any ongoing joint research or technology licensing activities with foreign entities of concern that relate to technology or products that raise national security concerns as identified by the Secretary. (c) The required agreement may include additional terms to mitigate national security risks, including as contemplated in § 231.204. (d) To the extent consistent with the requirements of 15 U.S.C. 4652 and these regulations, the Secretary and the covered entity may amend the required agreement by mutual consent. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.13 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.113 Research and development. | NIST | Research and development means theoretical analysis, exploration, or experimentation; or the extension of investigative findings and theories of a scientific or technical nature into practical application, including the experimental production and testing of models, devices, equipment, materials, and processes. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.14 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.114 Secretary. | NIST | Secretary means the Secretary of Commerce or the Secretary's designees. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.15 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.115 Semiconductor. | NIST | Semiconductor means an integrated electronic device or system most commonly manufactured using materials such as, but not limited to, silicon, silicon carbide, or III-V compounds, and processes such as, but not limited to, lithography, deposition, and etching. Such devices and systems include but are not limited to analog and digital electronics, power electronics, and photonics, for memory, processing, sensing, actuation, and communications applications. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.16 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.116 Semiconductor manufacturing. | NIST | Semiconductor manufacturing means semiconductor wafer production, semiconductor fabrication or semiconductor packaging. Semiconductor wafer production includes the processes of wafer slicing, polishing, cleaning, epitaxial deposition, and metrology. Semiconductor fabrication includes the process of forming devices such as transistors, poly capacitors, non-metal resistors, and diodes on a wafer of semiconductor material. Semiconductor packaging means the process of enclosing a semiconductor in a protective container (package) and providing external power and signal connectivity for the assembled integrated circuit. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.17 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.117 Semiconductor manufacturing capacity. | NIST | Semiconductor manufacturing capacity means the productive capacity of a facility for semiconductor manufacturing. In the case of a wafer production facility, semiconductor manufacturing capacity is measured in wafers per year. In the case of a semiconductor fabrication facility, semiconductor manufacturing capacity is measured in wafer starts per year. In the case of a semiconductor fabrication facility for wafers designed for wafer-to-wafer bonding structure, semiconductor manufacturing capacity is measured in stacked wafers per year. In the case of a packaging facility, semiconductor manufacturing capacity is measured in packages per year. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.18 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.118 Semiconductors critical to national security. | NIST | Semiconductors critical to national security means: (a) Semiconductors utilizing nanomaterials, including 1D and 2D carbon allotropes such as graphene and carbon nanotubes; (b) Compound and wide- and ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors; (c) Radiation-hardened by process (RHBP) semiconductors; (d) Fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) semiconductors, other than with regard to semiconductor packaging operations with respect to such semiconductors of a 28-nonometerer generation or older; (e) Silicon photonic semiconductors; (f) Semiconductors designed for quantum information systems; (g) Semiconductors designed for operation in cryogenic environments (at or below 77 Kelvin); and (h) Any other semiconductors that the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, determines is critical to national security and issues a public notice of that determination. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.19 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.119 Significant renovations. | NIST | Significant renovations means building new cleanroom space or adding a production line or other physical space to an existing facility that, in the aggregate during the applicable term of the required agreement, increases semiconductor manufacturing capacity by 10 percent or more of the capacity memorialized in the required agreement. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.2 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.102 Foreign country of concern. | NIST | The term foreign country of concern means: (a) A country that is a covered nation (as defined in 10 U.S.C. 4872(d)); and (b) Any country that the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Director of National Intelligence, determines to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the United States. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.20 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | 231.120 Technology licensing. | NIST | Technology licensing means: (a) An express or implied contractual agreement in which the rights owned by, licensed to or otherwise lawfully available to one party in any trade secrets or knowhow are sold, licensed or otherwise made available to another party. (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, the following is not technology licensing: (1) Licensing of patents, including licenses related to standard essential patents or cross licensing activities; (2) Licensing or transfer agreements conducted exclusively between a covered entity and related entities, or between or among related entities of the covered entity; (3) A standards-related activity (as such term is defined in 15 CFR part 772); (4) Agreements that grant patent rights only with respect to “published information” and no proprietary information is shared; (5) An implied or general intellectual property license relating to the use of a product that is sold by a covered entity or related entities; (6) Technology licensing related to a manufacturing process for an existing product solely to enable use of assembly, test, or packaging services for integrated circuits; (7) Technology licensing involving two or more entities to establish or apply a drawing, design, or related specification for a product to be purchased and sold between or among such entities; (8) Warranty, service, and customer support performed by a covered entity or an entity that is a related entity of a covered entity; and (9) Disclosures of technical information to a customer solely for the design of integrated circuits to be manufactured by the funding recipient for that customer. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.21 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.121 Technology or product that raises national security concerns. | NIST | A technology or product that raises national security concerns means: (a) Any semiconductor critical to national security; (b) Any item listed in Category 3 of the Commerce Control List (supplement no. 1 to part 774 of the Export Administration Regulations, 15 CFR part 774) that is controlled for National Security (“NS”) reasons, as described in 15 CFR 742.4, or Regional Stability (“RS”) reasons, as described in 15 CFR 742.6; and (c) Any other technology or product that the Secretary determines raises national security concerns. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.3 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.103 Foreign entity. | NIST | Foreign entity, as used in this part: (a) Means— (1) A government of a foreign country or a foreign political party; (2) A natural person who is not a lawful permanent resident of the United States, citizen of the United States, or any other protected individual (as such term is defined in section 8 U.S.C. 1324b(a)(3)); or (3) A partnership, association, corporation, organization, or other combination of persons organized under the laws of or having its principal place of business in a foreign country; and (b) Includes— (1) Any person owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of an entity listed in paragraph (a) of this section; (2) Any person, wherever located, who acts as an agent, representative, or employee of an entity listed in paragraph (a) of this section; (3) Any person who acts in any other capacity at the order, request, or under the direction or control of an entity listed in paragraph (a) of this section, or of a person whose activities are directly or indirectly supervised, directed, controlled, financed, or subsidized in whole or in majority part by an entity listed in paragraph (a) of this section; (4) Any person who directly or indirectly through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise, owns 25 percent or more of the equity interests of an entity listed in paragraph (a) of this section; (5) Any person with significant responsibility to control, manage, or direct an entity listed in paragraph (a) of this section; (6) Any person, wherever located, who is a citizen or resident of a country controlled by an entity listed in paragraph (a) of this section; or (7) Any corporation, partnership, association, or other organization organized under the laws of a country controlled by an entity listed in paragraph (a) of this section. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.4 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.104 Foreign entity of concern. | NIST | Foreign entity of concern means any foreign entity that is— (a) Designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the Secretary of State under 8 U.S.C. 1189; (b) Included on the Department of Treasury's list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons (SDN List), or for which one or more individuals or entities included on the SDN list, individually or in the aggregate, directly or indirectly, hold at least 50 percent of the outstanding voting interest; (c) Owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign country that is a covered nation (as defined in 10 U.S.C. 4872(d)); (1) A person is owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign country listed in 10 U.S.C. 4872(d) where: (i) The person is: (A) a citizen, national, or resident of a foreign country listed in 10 U.S.C. 4872(d); and (B) located in a foreign country listed in 10 U.S.C. 4872(d); (ii) The person is organized under the laws of or has its principal place of business in a foreign country listed in 10 U.S.C. 4872(d); (iii) 25 percent or more of the person's outstanding voting interest, board seats, or equity interest is held directly or indirectly by the government of a foreign country listed in 10 U.S.C. 4872(d); or (iv) 25 percent or more of the person's outstanding voting interest, board seats, or equity interest is held directly or indirectly by any combination of the persons who fall within subsections (i)-(iii); (d) Alleged by the Attorney General to have been involved in activities for which a conviction was obtained under— (1) The Espionage Act, 18 U.S.C. 792 et seq.; (2) 18 U.S.C. 951; (3) The Economic Espionage Act of 1996, 18 U.S.C. 1831 et seq.; (4) The Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.; (5) The Atomic Energy Act, 42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, or 2284; (6) The Export Control Reform Act of 2018, 50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.; (7) The International Economic Emergency Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq… | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.5 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.105 Joint research. | NIST | (a) Joint research means any research and development activity that is jointly undertaken by two or more parties, including any research and development activities undertaken as part of a joint venture as defined at 15 U.S.C. 4301(a)(6). (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, the following is not joint research: (1) A standards-related activity (as such term is defined in 15 CFR part 772); (2) Research and development conducted exclusively between and among employees of a covered entity or between and among entities that are related entities to the covered entity; (3) Research, development, or engineering related to a manufacturing process for an existing product solely to enable use of foundry, assembly, test, or packaging services for integrated circuits; (4) Research, development, or engineering involving two or more entities to establish or apply a drawing, design, or related specification for a product to be purchased and sold between or among such entities; and (5) Warranty, service, and customer support performed by a covered entity or an entity that is a related entity of a covered entity. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.6 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.106 Knowingly. | NIST | Knowingly means acting with knowledge that a circumstance exists or is substantially certain to occur, or with an awareness of a high probability of its existence or future occurrence. Such awareness can be inferred from evidence of the conscious disregard of facts known to a person or of a person's willful avoidance of facts. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.7 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.107 Legacy semiconductor. | NIST | (a) Legacy semiconductor means: (1) For the purposes of a semiconductor wafer facility: (i) A silicon wafer measuring 8 inches (or 200 millimeters) or smaller in diameter; or (ii) A compound wafer measuring 6 inches (or 150 millimeters) or smaller in diameter. (2) For the purposes of a semiconductor fabrication facility: (i) A digital or analog logic semiconductor that is of the 28-nanometer generation or older ( i.e., has a gate length of 28 nanometers or more for a planar transistor); (ii) A memory semiconductor with a half-pitch greater than 18 nanometers for Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) or less than 128 layers for Not AND (NAND) flash that does not utilize emerging memory technologies, such as transition metal oxides, phase-change memory, perovskites, or ferromagnetics relevant to advanced memory fabrication; or (iii) A semiconductor identified by the Secretary in a public notice issued under 15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(6)(A)(ii). (3) For the purposes of a semiconductor packaging facility, a semiconductor that does not utilize advanced three-dimensional (3D) integration packaging, under paragraph (b)(3) of this section. (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, the following are not legacy semiconductors: (1) Semiconductors critical to national security, as defined in § 231.118; (2) A semiconductor with a post-planar transistor architecture (such as fin-shaped field field-effect transistor (FinFET) or gate all around field-effect transistor); and (3) A semiconductor utilizing advanced three-dimensional (3D) integration packaging, such as by directly attaching one or more die or wafer, through silicon vias, through mold vias, or other advanced methods. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.8 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.108 Material expansion. | NIST | [88 FR 89574, Dec. 28, 2023] | Material expansion means: (1) with respect to an existing facility, the increase of the semiconductor manufacturing capacity of that facility by more than five percent of the capacity memorialized in the required agreement due to the addition of a cleanroom, production line or other physical space, or a series of such additions; or (2) any construction of a new facility for semiconductor manufacturing. | |||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.1.5.9 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 231.109 Members of the affiliated group. | NIST | Members of the affiliated group includes any entity that is a member of the covered entity's “affiliated group,” as that term is defined under 26 U.S.C. 1504(a), without regard to 26 U.S.C. 1504(b)(3). | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.2.5.1 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | B | Subpart B—General | § 231.201 Scope. | NIST | This subpart sets forth the prohibitions to be implemented in the required agreements, as well as record retention requirements related to those prohibitions. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.2.5.2 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | B | Subpart B—General | § 231.202 Prohibition on certain expansion transactions. (Expansion Clawback) | NIST | (a) During the 10-year period beginning on the date of the award of Federal financial assistance under 15 U.S.C. 4652, the covered entity and members of the affiliated group may not engage in any significant transaction involving the material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity in a foreign country of concern; provided that this prohibition will not apply to— (1) Existing facilities or equipment of a covered entity or any member of the affiliated group for manufacturing legacy semiconductors; or (2) Significant transactions involving material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity that— (i) Produces legacy semiconductors; and (ii) Predominately serves the market of a foreign country of concern. (b) No later than the date of the award of Federal financial assistance award under 15 U.S.C. 4652, the covered entity shall enter into a required agreement that contains this prohibition and otherwise implements the requirements of this part. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.2.5.3 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | B | Subpart B—General | § 231.203 Prohibition on certain joint research or technology licensing. (Technology Clawback) | NIST | (a) During the applicable term of a Federal financial assistance award under 15 U.S.C. 4652, a covered entity may not knowingly engage in any joint research or technology licensing with a foreign entity of concern that relates to a technology or product that raises national security concerns. (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, this prohibition will not apply to joint research or technology licensing that relate to technology or products that raise national security concerns that were ongoing prior to the Secretary's determination that such technology or products raised national security concerns. Any such ongoing joint research or technology licensing shall be memorialized in the required agreement. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.2.5.4 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | B | Subpart B—General | § 231.204 Additional conditions on certain joint research or technology licensing. | NIST | (a) In addition to the conditions of the Technology Clawback (§ 231.203), the Secretary will specify, in the required agreement with the covered entity, any additional measures that covered entities must take to mitigate the risk of circumvention of the Technology Clawback, including measures that will allow the Secretary to recover up to the full amount of the Federal financial assistance provided to the covered entity, if, during the term applicable to the award, any related entity engages in joint research or technology licensing that would violate the Technology Clawback if engaged in by the covered entity. (b) For purposes of this rule, a related entity is any entity that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with, the covered entity. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.2.5.5 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | B | Subpart B—General | § 231.205 Retention of records. | NIST | (a) During the 10-year period beginning on the date of the Federal financial assistance award under 15 U.S.C. 4652 and for a period of seven years following any significant transaction involving the material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity in a foreign country of concern, a covered entity or member of the affiliated group planning or engaging in any such significant transaction involving the material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity in a foreign country of concern shall maintain records related to the significant transaction in a manner consistent with the recordkeeping practices used in their ordinary course of business for such transactions. (b) A covered entity that is notified that a transaction is being reviewed by the Secretary shall immediately take steps to retain all records relating to such transaction, including if those records are maintained by a member of the affiliated group or by related entities. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.3.5.1 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | C | Subpart C—Notification, Review, and Recovery | § 231.301 Procedures for notifying the Secretary of significant transactions. | NIST | During the 10-year period beginning on the date of the Federal financial assistance award under 15 U.S.C. 4652, the covered entity shall submit a notification to the Secretary regarding any planned significant transactions of the covered entity or members of the affiliated group that may involve the material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity in a foreign country of concern, regardless of whether the covered entity believes the transaction falls within an exception in 15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(6)(C)(ii). A notification must include the information set forth in § 231.302 and be submitted to notifications@chips.gov. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.3.5.2 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | C | Subpart C—Notification, Review, and Recovery | § 231.302 Contents of notifications; certifications. | NIST | The notification required by § 231.301 shall be certified by the covered entity's chief executive officer, president, or equivalent corporate officer, and shall contain the following information about the parties and the transaction, which must be accurate and complete: (a) The covered entity and any member of the affiliated group that is party to the transaction, including for each a primary point of contact, telephone number, and email address. (b) The identity and location(s) of all other parties to the transaction. (c) Information, including organizational chart(s), on the ownership structure of parties to the transactions. (d) A description of any other significant foreign involvement, e.g., through financing, in the transaction. (e) The name(s) and location(s) of any entity in a foreign country of concern where or at which semiconductor manufacturing capacity may be materially expanded by the transaction. (f) A description of the transaction, including the specific types of semiconductors currently produced at the facility planned for expansion, the current production technology node (or equivalent information) and semiconductor manufacturing capacity, as well as the specific types of semiconductors planned for manufacture, the planned production technology node, and planned semiconductor manufacturing capacity. (g) If the covered entity asserts that the transaction involves the material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity that produces legacy semiconductors that will predominately serve the market of a foreign country of concern, documentation as to where the final products incorporating the legacy semiconductors are to be used or consumed, including the percent of semiconductor manufacturing capacity or percent of sales revenue that will be accounted for by use or consumption of the final goods in the foreign country of concern. (h) If applicable, an explanation of how the transaction meets the requirements, set forth in 15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(6)(C)(ii), for an exception to the prohibit… | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.3.5.3 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | C | Subpart C—Notification, Review, and Recovery | § 231.303 Response to notifications. | NIST | The Secretary will review the notification provided pursuant to § 231.301 for completeness, and may: (a) Reject the notification, and, if so, inform the covered entity promptly in writing, if: (1) The notification does not meet the requirements of § 231.302; or (2) The notification contains apparently false or misleading information; (b) Request additional information from the covered entity to complete the notification; or (c) Accept the notification and initiate a review under § 231.304, and, if so, inform the covered entity promptly in writing. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.3.5.4 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | C | Subpart C—Notification, Review, and Recovery | § 231.304 Initiation of review. | NIST | (a) The Secretary may initiate a review of a transaction: (1) After accepting a notification pursuant to § 231.303(c); or (2) Upon the Secretary's own initiative, where the Secretary believes that a transaction may be prohibited. In determining whether to initiate a review, the Secretary may consider all available information, including information submitted by persons other than the covered entity to notifications@chips.gov. (b) Where the Secretary initiates review of a transaction under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the Secretary will notify the covered entity promptly in writing. (c) The Secretary will consult with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence upon the initiation of a review of any transaction. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.3.5.5 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | C | Subpart C—Notification, Review, and Recovery | § 231.305 Procedures for review. | NIST | (a) During the review, the Secretary may request additional information from the covered entity. The covered entity shall promptly provide any additional information. The Secretary will determine whether the additional information is sufficient for the Secretary to complete the review, and may seek additional information from the covered entity if necessary. Where the Secretary has determined that the additional information is sufficient to allow the Secretary to complete the review, the Secretary will inform the covered entity in writing. The time periods for any determinations by the Secretary under this section will be tolled from the date on which the request for additional information is sent to the covered entity until the Secretary determines that the response is sufficient to complete the review. (b) Not later than 90 days after a notification is accepted by the Secretary, or after the Secretary initiates a review under § 231.304(a)(2), and subject to any tolling pursuant to § paragraph (a) of this section, the Secretary will provide the covered entity an initial determination in writing as to whether the transaction would violate § 231.202. The initial determination may include a finding that the covered entity or a member of the affiliated group has violated § 231.202. (c) If the Secretary's initial determination is that the transaction would violate § 231.202 or that the covered entity or a member of the affiliated group has violated § 231.202 by engaging in a prohibited significant transaction, then: (1) The covered entity may within 14 days of receipt of the initial determination request that the Secretary reevaluate the initial determination, including by submitting additional information. (2) If the covered entity does not make such a request within 14 days of receipt of the initial determination, the initial determination will become final. If the covered entity recipient does request a reconsideration of the initial determination, the Secretary will issue the final determination within 60 day… | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.3.5.6 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | C | Subpart C—Notification, Review, and Recovery | § 231.306 Mitigation of national security risks. | NIST | If the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, determines that a covered entity or member of the affiliated group is planning to undertake or has undertaken a significant transaction that violates or would violate § 231.202, the Secretary may seek to take measures in connection with the transaction to mitigate the risk to national security. Such measures may include the negotiation of an amendment to the required agreement (a “mitigation agreement”) with the covered entity to mitigate the risk to national security in connection with the transaction. The Secretary has discretion to waive, in whole or part, recovery of the Federal financial assistance provided to the covered entity for violation of § 231.305(d) in circumstances where an appropriate mitigation agreement has been entered into and complied with by the covered entity. If a covered entity fails to comply with the mitigation agreement or if other conditions in the mitigation agreement are violated, the Secretary may recover the full amount of the Federal financial assistance provided to the covered entity. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.3.5.7 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | C | Subpart C—Notification, Review, and Recovery | § 231.307 Review of actions that may violate the prohibition on certain joint research or technology licensing. | NIST | (a) The Secretary may initiate a review of any joint research or technology licensing the Secretary believes may be prohibited by § 231.203. In determining whether to initiate a review, the Secretary may consider all available information, including information submitted by persons other than a covered entity to notifications@chips.gov. (b) If the Secretary opens an initial review, the Secretary will notify the covered entity in writing and may request additional information from the covered entity. The covered entity shall provide the additional information to the Secretary within three business days, or within a longer time frame if the covered entity requests in writing and the Secretary grants that request in writing. (c) The Secretary may make an initial determination as to whether the covered entity violated § 231.203. (d) If the Secretary's initial determination is that the covered entity did not violate § 231.203, the Secretary shall inform the covered entity in writing and close the review. (e) If the Secretary's initial determination is that the covered entity violated § 231.203, the Secretary will provide that initial determination to the covered entity in writing. (1) The covered entity may within 14 days of receipt of the initial determination request that the Secretary reevaluate the initial determination, including by submitting additional information. (2) If the covered entity does not make such a request within 14 days of receipt of the initial determination, the initial determination will become final. If the covered entity does request a reconsideration of the initial determination, the Secretary will issue the final determination within 45 days of the initial determination. If the Secretary makes a final determination that an action violated § 231.203, the Secretary will recover the full amount of the Federal financial assistance provided to the covered entity, which will be a debt owed to the U.S. Government. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.3.5.8 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | C | Subpart C—Notification, Review, and Recovery | § 231.308 Recovery and other remedies. | NIST | (a) Interest on a debt under § 231.305 or § 231.307 will be calculated from the date on which the Secretary provides a final notification that an action violated § 231.202 or § 231.203. (b) The Secretary may take action to collect a debt under § 231.305 or § 231.307 if such debt is not paid within the time prescribed by the Secretary in the required agreement or mitigation agreement. In addition or instead, the matter may be referred to the Department of Justice for appropriate action. (c) If the Secretary makes an initial determination that § 231.202 or § 231.203 have been violated, the Secretary may suspend Federal financial assistance. (d) The recoveries and remedies available under this section are without prejudice to other available remedies, including remedies articulated in the required agreement or civil or criminal penalties. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.4.5.1 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | D | Subpart D—Other Provisions | § 231.401 Amendment. | NIST | Not later than August 9, 2024, and not less frequently than once every two years thereafter for the eight-year period after the last award of Federal financial assistance under 15 U.S.C. 4652 is made, the Secretary, after public notice and an opportunity for comment, if applicable and necessary, will issue a public notice identifying any additional semiconductors included in the meaning of the term “legacy semiconductor.” | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.4.5.2 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | D | Subpart D—Other Provisions | § 231.402 Submission of false information. | NIST | Section 1001 of 18 U.S.C., as amended, shall apply to all information provided to the Secretary under 15 U.S.C. 4652 or under the regulations found in this part. | ||||
| 15:15:1.2.2.3.3.4.5.3 | 15 | Commerce and Foreign Trade | II | C | 231 | PART 231—CLAWBACKS OF CHIPS FUNDING | D | Subpart D—Other Provisions | § 231.403 Severability. | NIST | If any provision of this part or its application to any person, act, or practice is held invalid, the remainder of the part or the application of its provisions to any person, act, or practice shall not be affected thereby. | ||||
| 24:24:2.1.1.2.14.1.163.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | II | B | 231 | PART 231—HOUSING MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR THE ELDERLY | A | Subpart A—Eligibility Requirements | § 231.1 Eligibility requirements. | HUD | [61 FR 14406, Apr. 1, 1996] | The requirements set forth in 24 CFR part 200, subpart A, apply to multifamily project mortgages insured under section 231 of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1715v), as amended. | |||
| 24:24:2.1.1.2.14.2.163.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | II | B | 231 | PART 231—HOUSING MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR THE ELDERLY | B | Subpart B—Contract Rights and Obligations | § 231.251 Cross-reference. | HUD | (a) All of the provisions of part 207, subpart B of this chapter covering mortgages insured under section 207 of the National Housing Act apply to mortgages insured under section 231 of such Act. (b) For the purposes of this subpart all references in part 207 of this chapter to section 207 of the Act shall be construed to refer to section 231 of the Act. | ||||
| 40:40:27.0.1.3.25.0.17.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | H | 231 | PART 231—SECTION 404(c) PROCEDURES | § 231.1 Purpose and scope. | EPA | (a) The Regulations of this part include the procedures to be followed by the Environmental Protection agency in prohibiting or withdrawing the specification, or denying, restricting, or withdrawing the use for specification, of any defined area as a disposal site for dredged or fill material pursuant to section 404(c) of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”), 33 U.S.C. 1344(c). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or a state with a 404 program which has been approved under section 404(h) may grant permits specifying disposal sites for dredged or fill material by determining that the section 404(b)(1) Guidelines (40 CFR Part 230) allow specification of a particular site to receive dredged or fill material. The Corps may also grant permits by determining that the discharge of dredged or fill material is necessary under the economic impact provision of section 404(b)(2). Under section 404(c), the Administrator may exercise a veto over the specification by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or by a state of a site for the discharge of dredged or fill material. The Administrator may also prohibit the specification of a site under section 404(c) with regard to any existing or potential disposal site before a permit application has been submitted to or approved by the Corps or a state. The Administrator is authorized to prohibit or otherwise restrict a site whenever he determines that the discharge of dredged or fill material is having or will have an “unacceptable adverse effect” on municipal water supplies, shellfish beds and fishery areas (including spawning and breeding areas), wildlife, or recreational areas. In making this determination, the Administrator will take into account all information available to him, including any written determination of compliance with the section 404(b)(1) Guidelines made in 40 CFR part 230, and will consult with the Chief of Engineers or with the state. (b) These regulations establish procedures for the following steps: (1) The Regional Administrator's proposed determinations to prohibit or with… | ||||||
| 40:40:27.0.1.3.25.0.17.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | H | 231 | PART 231—SECTION 404(c) PROCEDURES | § 231.2 Definitions. | EPA | For the purposes of this part, the definitions of terms in 40 CFR 230.2 shall apply. In addition, the term: (a) Withdraw specification means to remove from designation any area already specified as a disposal site by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or by a state which has assumed the section 404 program, or any portion of such area. (b) Prohibit specification means to prevent the designation of an area as a present or future disposal site. (c) Deny or restrict the use of any defined area for specification is to deny or restrict the use of any area for the present or future discharge of any dredged or fill material. (d) Person means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, Federal agency, state, municipality, or commission, or political subdivision of a state, or any interstate body. (e) Unacceptable adverse effect means impact on an aquatic or wetland ecosystem which is likely to result in significant degradation of municipal water supplies (including surface or ground water) or significant loss of or damage to fisheries, shellfishing, or wildlife habitat or recreation areas. In evaluating the unacceptability of such impacts, consideration should be given to the relevant portions of the section 404(b)(1) guidelines (40 CFR part 230). (f) State means any state agency administering a 404 program which has been approved under section 404(h). | ||||||
| 40:40:27.0.1.3.25.0.17.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | H | 231 | PART 231—SECTION 404(c) PROCEDURES | § 231.3 Procedures for proposed determinations. | EPA | (a) If the Regional Administrator has reason to believe after evaluating the information available to him, including any record developed under the section 404 referral process specified in 33 CFR 323.5(b), that an “unacceptable adverse effect” could result from the specification or use for specification of a defined area for the disposal of dredged or fill material, he may initiate the following actions: (1) The Regional Administrator will notify the District Engineer or the state, if the site is covered by an approved state program, the owner of record of the site, and the applicant, if any, in writing that the Regional Administrator intends to issue a public notice of a proposed determination to prohibit or withdraw the specification, or to deny, restrict or withdraw the use for specification, whichever the case may be, of any defined area as a disposal site. (2) If within 15 days of receipt of the Regional Administrator's notice under paragraph (a)(1) of this section, it has not been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Regional Administrator that no unacceptable adverse effect(s) will occur or the District Engineer or state does not notify the Regional Administrator of his intent to take corrective action to prevent an unacceptable adverse effect satisfactory to the Regional Administrator, the Regional Administrator shall publish notice of a proposed determination in accordance with the procedures of this section. Where the Regional Administrator has notified the District Engineer under paragraph (a)(1) of this section that he is considering exercising section 404(c) authority with respect to a particular disposal site for which a permit application is pending but for which no permit has been issued, the District Engineer, in accordance with 33 CFR 325.8, shall not issue the permit until final action is taken under this part. Comment: In cases involving a proposed disposal site for which a permit application is pending, it is anticipated that the procedures of the section 404 referral process will nor… | ||||||
| 40:40:27.0.1.3.25.0.17.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | H | 231 | PART 231—SECTION 404(c) PROCEDURES | § 231.4 Public comments and hearings. | EPA | (a) The Regional Administrator shall provide a comment period of not less than 30 or more than 60 days following the date of public notice of the proposed determination. During this period any interested persons may submit written comments on the proposed determination. Comments should be directed to whether the proposed determination should become the final determination and corrective action that could be taken to reduce the adverse impact of the discharge. All such comments shall be considered by the Regional Administrator or his designee in preparing his recommended determination in § 231.5. (b) Where the Regional Administrator finds a significant degree of public interest in a proposed determination or that it would be otherwise in the public interest to hold a hearing, or if an affected landowner or permit applicant or holder requests a hearing, he or his designee shall hold a public hearing. Public notice of that hearing shall be given as specified in § 231.3(c). No hearing may be held prior to 21 days after the date of the public notice. The hearing may be scheduled either by the Regional Administrator at his own initiative, or in response to a request received during the comment period provided for in paragraph (a) of this section. If no public hearing is held the Regional Administrator shall notify any persons who requested a hearing of the reasons for that decision. Where practicable, hearings shall be conducted in the vicinity of the affected site. (c) Hearings held under this section shall be conducted by the Regional Administrator, or his designee, in an orderly and expeditious manner. A record of the proceeding shall be made by either tape recording or verbatim transcript. (d) Any person may appear at the hearing and submit oral or written statements and data and may be represented by counsel or other authorized representative. Any person may present written statements for the hearing file prior to the time the hearing file is closed to public submissions, and may present proposed findings and r… | ||||||
| 40:40:27.0.1.3.25.0.17.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | H | 231 | PART 231—SECTION 404(c) PROCEDURES | § 231.5 Recommended determination. | EPA | (a) The Regional Administrator or his designee shall, within 30 days after the conclusion of the public hearing (but not before the end of the comment period), or, if no hearing is held, within 15 days after the expiration of the comment period on the public notice of the proposed determination, either withdraw the proposed determination or prepare a recommended determination to prohibit or withdraw specification, or to deny, restrict, or withdraw the use for specification, of the disposal site because the discharge of dredged or fill material at such site would be likely to have an unacceptable adverse effect. (b) Where a recommended determination is prepared, the Regional Administrator or his designee shall promptly forward the recommended determination and administrative record to the Administrator for review, with a copy of the recommended determination to the Assistant Administrator for Water and Waste Management. (c) Where the Regional Administrator, or his designee, decides to withdraw the proposed determination, he shall promptly notify the Administrator by mail, with a copy to the Assistant Administrator for Water and Waste Management, who shall have 10 days from receipt of such notice to notify the Regional Administrator of his intent to review such withdrawal. Copies of the notification shall be sent to all persons who commented on the proposed determination or participated at the hearing. Such persons may submit timely written recommendations concerning review. (1) If the Administrator does not notify him, the Regional Administrator shall give notice at the withdrawal of the proposed determination as provided in § 231.3(d). Such notice shall constitute final agency action. (2) If the Administrator does decide to review, the Regional Administrator or his designee shall forward the administrative record to the Administrator for a final determination under § 231.6. Where there is review of a withdrawal of proposed determination or review of a recommended determination under § 231.6, final agency acti… | ||||||
| 40:40:27.0.1.3.25.0.17.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | H | 231 | PART 231—SECTION 404(c) PROCEDURES | § 231.6 Administrator's final determinations. | EPA | After reviewing the recommendations of the Regional Administrator or his designee, the Administrator shall within 30 days of receipt of the recommendations and administrative record initiate consultation with the Chief of Engineers, the owner of record, and, where applicable, the State and the applicant, if any. They shall have 15 days to notify the Administrator of their intent to take corrective action to prevent an unacceptable adverse effect(s), satisfactory to the Administrator. Within 60 days of receipt of the recommendations and record, the Administrator shall make a final determination affirming, modifying, or rescinding the recommended determination. The final determination shall describe the satisfactory corrective action, if any, make findings, and state the reasons for the final determination. Notice of such final determination shall be published as provided in § 231.3, and shall be given to all persons who participated in the public hearing. Notice of the Administrator's final determination shall also be published in the Federal Register. For purposes of judicial review, a final determination constitutes final agency action under section 404(c) of the Act. | ||||||
| 40:40:27.0.1.3.25.0.17.7 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | H | 231 | PART 231—SECTION 404(c) PROCEDURES | § 231.7 Emergency procedure. | EPA | Where a permit has already been issued, and the Administrator has reason to believe that a discharge under the permit presents an imminent danger of irreparable harm to municipal water supplies, shellfish beds and fishery areas (including spawning and breeding areas) wildlife, or recreational areas, and that the public health, interest, or safety requires, the Administrator may ask the Chief of Engineers to suspend the permit under 33 CFR 325.7, or the state, pending completion of proceedings under Part 231. The Administrator may also take appropriate action as authorized under section 504 of the Clean Water Act. If a permit is suspended, the Administrator and Regional Administrator (or his designee) may, where appropriate, shorten the times allowed by these regulations to take particular actions. | ||||||
| 40:40:27.0.1.3.25.0.17.8 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | H | 231 | PART 231—SECTION 404(c) PROCEDURES | § 231.8 Extension of time. | EPA | The Administrator or the Regional Administrator may, upon a showing of good cause, extend the time requirements in these regulations. Notice of any such extension shall be published in the Federal Register and, as appropriate, through other forms of notice. | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.0 Applicability and penalties. | FRA | [54 FR 33229, Aug. 14, 1989] | (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, this part applies to all standard gage railroads. (b) This part does not apply to: (1) A railroad that operates only on track inside an installation which is not part of the general railroad system of transportation; or (2) Rapid transit operations in an urban area that are not connected with the general railroad system of transportation. (3) Freight and other non-passenger trains of four-wheel coal cars. (4) Freight and other non-passenger trains of eight-wheel standard logging cars if the height of each car from the top of the rail to the center of the coupling is not more than 25 inches. (5) A locomotive used in hauling a train referred to in paragraph (b)(4) of this section when the locomotive and cars of the train are used only to transport logs. (c) Except for the provisions governing uncoupling devices, this part does not apply to Tier II passenger equipment as defined in § 238.5 of this chapter ( i.e., passenger equipment operating at speeds exceeding 125 mph but not exceeding 160 mph). (d) As used in this part, carrier means “railroad,” as that term is defined below. (e) Railroad means all forms of non-highway ground transportation that run on rails or electromagnetic guideways, including (1) commuter or other short-haul rail passenger service in a metropolitan or suburban area, and (2) high speed ground transportation systems that connect metropolitan areas, without regard to whether they use new technologies not associated with traditional railroads. Such term does not include rapid transit operations within an urban area that are not connected to the general railroad system of transportation. (f) Any person (an entity of any type covered under 49 U.S.C. 21301, including the following: a railroad; a manager, supervisor, official, or other employee or agent of a railroad; any owner, manufacturer, lessor, or lessee of railroad equipment, track, or facilities; any independent contractor providing goods or services to a railro… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.10 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.9 Tank cars without end sills. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(b)). (c) Running boards —(1) Number. One. (2) Dimensions. Minimum width on sides, 10 inches. Minimum width on ends, 6 inches. (3) Location. Continuous around sides and ends of tank. (4) Manner of application. (i) If running boards are applied below center of tank, outside edge of running boards shall extend not less than 7 inches beyond bulge of tank. (ii) Running boards at ends of car shall be not less than 6 inches from a point vertically above the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block, end sill or back stop. (iii) Running boards shall be securely fastened to tank or tank bands. (d) Sill steps —(1) Number. Four. (If tank has high running boards, making ladders necessary, sill steps must meet ladder requirements.) (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)(2)). (3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side, flush with outside edge of running board as near end of car as practicable. (ii) Tread not more than 24, preferably not more than 22, inches above the top of rail. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. (i) Steps exceeding 18 inches in depth shall have an additional tread and be laterally braced. (i… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.11 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 35 FR 10149, June 20, 1970] | a. The term “bottom of car” as used in § 231.10 is construed to mean “bottom of side-sill or sheathing over side-sill.” b. The term “corner of car” as used in § 231.10 is construed to mean the “line at inner edge of platform formed by the intersection of the side and end of car.” (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. (i) Each caboose car shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (ii) The hand brake may be of any efficient design, but must provide the same degree of safety as the design shown on plate A. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft on caboose cars with platforms shall be located on platform to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Running boards —(1) Number. One longitudinal running board. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Full length of car, center of roof. (On caboose cars with cupolas, longitudinal running boards shall extend from cupola to ends of roof.) (ii) Outside - metal - roof - cars shall have latitudinal extensions leading to ladder locations. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(4)). See note below. (c) Ladders —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. None specified. (3) Location. One on each end. (4) Manner of application. Same as ( see § 231.1(e)(4)). See note below. (d) Roof handholds —(1) Number. One over each ladder. Where stiles of ladders e… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.12 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.11 Caboose cars without platforms. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft on caboose cars without platforms shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(b)). (c) Running boards —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(1)). (2) Dimension. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Full length of car, center of roof. (On caboose cars with cupolas, longitudinal running boards shall extend from cupola to ends of roof.) (ii) Outside-metal-roof cars shall have latitudinal extensions leading to ladder locations. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(c)(4)). (d) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (e) Side-door steps —(1) Number. Two. (If caboose has side doors.) (2) Dimensions. Minimum length, 5 feet. Minimum width, 6 inches. Minimum thickness of tread, 1 1/2 inches. Minimum height of back stop, 3 inches. Maximum height from top of rail to top of tread, 24 inches. (3) Location. One under each side door. (4) Manner of application. Side-door steps shall be supported by 2 iron brackets having a minimum cross-sectional area 7/8 by 3 inches or equivalent, each of which shall be securely fastened to car by not less … | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.13 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.12 Passenger-train cars with wide vestibules. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Each passenger-train car shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake, which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (b) Side handholds —(1) Number. Eight. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, metal. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Minimum clearance, 1 1/4 , preferably 1 1/2 inches. (3) Location. Vertical, one on each vestibule door post. (4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts, rivets, or screws. (c) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum diameters, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 inches. (ii) Handholds shall be flush with or project not more than 1 inch beyond vestibule face. (3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side on each end projecting downward from face of vestibule end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from side of car. (4) Manner of application. End handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. When marker sockets or brackets are located so that they can not be conveniently reached from platforms, suitable steps and handholds shall be provided for men to reach such sockets or brackets. (d) Uncoupling levers. (1) Uncoupling attachments shall be applied so they can be operated by a person standing on the ground. (2) Minimum length of ground uncoupling attachment, 42 inches, measured from center line of end of car to handle of attachment. (3) On passenger-train cars used in freight or mixed-train service, the uncoupling attachment shall be so applied that the coupler can be operated from left side of car. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.14 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.13 Passenger-train cars with open-end platforms. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Each passenger-train car shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake, which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (b) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 inches. Handholds shall be flush with or project not more than 1 inch beyond surface of end sill. (3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side of each end on face of platform end sill, projecting downward. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from end of end sill. (4) Manner of application. End-handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. (c) End-platform handholds —(1) Number. Four. (Cars equipped with safety gates do not require end-platform handholds.) (2) Dimensions. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 inches, metal. (3) Location. Horizontal from or near door post to a point not more than 12 inches from corner of car, then approximately vertical to a point not more than 6 inches from top of platform. Horizontal portion shall be not less than 24 inches in length nor more than 40 inches above platform. (4) Manner of application. End-platform handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts, rivets, or screws. (d) Uncoupling levers. (1) Uncoupling attachments shall be applied so they can be operated by a person standing on the ground. (2) Minimum length of ground uncoupling attachment, 42 inches, measured from center of end of car to handle of attachment. (3) On passenger-train cars used in freight or mixed-train service the uncoupling attachments shall be so applied that the coupler can be operated from left side of car. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.15 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.14 Passenger-train cars without end platforms. | FRA | (a) Handbrakes —(1) Number. Each passenger-train car shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (b) Sill steps —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Minimum length of tread, 10, preferably 12, inches. Minimum cross-sectional area, 1/2 by 1 1/2 inches or equivalent, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear depth, 8 inches. (3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side not more than 24 inches from corner of car to center of tread of sill step. (ii) Outside edge of tread of step shall be not more than 2 inches inside of face of side of car. (iii) Tread shall be not more than 24, preferably not more than 22, inches above the top of rail. (4) Manner of application. (i) Steps exceeding 18 inches in depth shall have an additional tread and be laterally braced. (ii) Sill steps shall be securely fastened with not less than 1/2 -inch bolts with nuts outside (when possible) and riveted over, or with not less than 1/2 -inch rivets. (c) Side handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16, preferably 24, inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 , inches. (3) Location. Horizontal or vertical, one near each end on each side of car over sill step. (i) If horizontal, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center line of coupler. (ii) If vertical, lower end not less than 18 nor more than 24 inches above center line of coupler. (4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts, rivets or screws. (d) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 , inches. (3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side on each end projecting downward from face of e… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.16 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.15 Steam locomotives used in road service. | FRA | (a) Tender till-steps —(1) Number. Four on tender. (2) Dimensions. (i) Bottom tread not less than 8 by 12 inches, metal. (May have wooden treads.) (ii) If stirrup steps are used, clear length of tread shall be not less than 10, preferably 12, inches. (3) Location. One near each corner of tender on sides. (4) Manner of application. Tender sill-steps shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. (b) Pilot sill-steps —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Tread not less than 8 inches in width by 10 inches in length, metal. (May have wooden treads.) (3) Location. One on or near each end of buffer-beam outside of rail and not more than 16 inches above rail. (4) Manner of application. Pilot sill-steps shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. (c) Pilot-beam handholds —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 14, preferably 16, inches. Minimum clearance, 2 1/2 inches. (3) Location. One on each end of buffer-beam. If uncoupling lever extends across front end of locomotive to within 8 inches of end of buffer-beam, and is seven-eighths of an inch or more in diameter, securely fastened, with a clearance of 2 1/2 inches, it is a handhold.) (4) Manner of application. Pilot-beam handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts or rivets. (d) Side handholds —(1) Number. Six. (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, if horizontal, five-eighths of an inch; if vertical, seven-eighths of an inch, wrought iron or steel. Horizontal, minimum clear length, 16 inches. Vertical, clear length equal to approximate height of tank. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2 1/2 , inches. (3) Location. (i) Horizontal or vertical. If vertical, one on each side of tender within 6 inches of rear or on corner; if horizontal, same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(3)). (ii) One on each side of tender near gangway; 1 on each side of locomotive at gangway; applied vertically. (4) Manner of applicatio… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.17 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.16 Steam locomotives used in switching service. | FRA | (a) Footboards —(1) Number. Two or more. (2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum width of tread, 10 inches. (ii) Minimum height of back stop, 4 inches above tread. (iii) Height from top of rail to top of tread, not more than 12 nor less than 9 inches. (iv) If made of wood, minimum thickness of tread shall be 1 1/2 , preferably 2 inches. (v) Footboards may be made of material other than wood which provides the same as or a greater degree of safety than wood of 1 1/2 inches thickness. When made of material other than wood, the tread surface shall be of antiskid design and constructed with sufficient open space to permit the elimination of snow and ice from the tread surface. (3) Location. Ends or sides. If on ends, they shall extend not less than 18 inches outside of guage of straight track, and shall be not more than 12 inches shorter than buffer-beam at each end. (4) Manner of application. (i) End footboards may be constructed in two sections, provided that practically all space on each side of coupler is filled; each section shall be not less than 3 feet in length. (ii) Footboards shall be securely bolted to two 1- by 4-inch metal brackets, provided footboard is not cut or notched at any point. (iii) If footboard is cut or notched or in two sections, not less than four 1- by 3-inch metal brackets shall be used, two located on each side of coupler. Each bracket shall be securely bolted to buffer-beam, end sill or tank frame by not less than two 7/8 -inch bolts. (iv) If side footboards are used, a substantial handhold or rail shall be applied not less than 30 inches nor more than 60 inches above tread or footboard. (b) Sill steps —(1) Number. Two or more. (2) Dimensions. (i) Lower tread of step shall be not less than 8 by 12 inches, metal. (May have wooden treads.) (ii) If stirrup steps are used, clear length of tread shall be not less than 10, preferably 12, inches. (3) Location. One or more on each side at gangway secured to locomotive or tender. (4) Manner of application. Sill steps sh… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.18 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.17 Specifications common to all steam locomotives. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes. (1) Hand brakes will not be required on locomotives nor on tenders when attached to locomotives. (2) If tenders are detached from locomotives and used in special service, they shall be equipped with efficient hand brakes. (b) Running boards —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Not less than 10 inches wide. If of wood, not less than 1 1/2 inches in thickness; if of metal, not less than three-sixteenths of an inch, properly supported. (3) Location. One on each side of boiler extending from cab to front end near pilot-beam. (Running boards may be in sections. Flat-top steamchests may form section of running board.) (4) Manner of application. (i) Running boards shall be securely fastened with bolts, rivets, or studs. (ii) Locomotives having Wootten type boilers with cab located on top of boiler more than 12 inches forward from boiler head shall have suitable running boards running from cab to rear of locomotive, with handrailings not less than 20 nor more than 48 inches above outside edge of running boards, securely fastened with bolts, rivets, or studs. (c) Handrails —(1) Number. Two or more. (2) Dimensions. Not less than 1 inch in diameter, wrought iron or steel. (3) Location. One on each side of boiler extending from near cab to near front end of boiler, and extending across front end of boiler, not less than 24 nor more than 66 inches above running board. (4) Manner of application. Handrails shall be securely fastened to boiler. (d) Tenders of Vanderbilt type. (1) Tenders known as the Vanderbilt type shall be equipped with running boards; one on each side of tender not less than 10 inches in width and one on top of tender not less than 48 inches in width, extending from coal space to rear of tender. (2) There shall be a handrail on each side of top running board, extending from coal space to rear of tank, not less than 1 inch in diameter and not less than 20 inches in height above running board from coal space to manhole. (3) There shall be a handrail extending f… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.19 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.18 Cars of special construction. | FRA | Cars of construction not covered specifically in the foregoing sections in this part, relative to handholds, sill steps, ladders, hand brakes and running boards may be considered as of special construction, but shall have, as nearly as possible, the same complement of handholds, sill steps, ladders, hand brakes, and running boards as are required for cars of the nearest approximate type. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.1 Box and other house cars built or placed in service before October 1, 1966. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 49 FR 26745, June 29, 1984] | Except for box and other house cars that comply with either § 231.27 or § 231.28, each box and other house car shall be equipped to meet the following specifications: (a) Handbrake —(1) Number. One efficient handbrake which shall operate in harmony with the power brake installed on the car. Each such handbrake shall (i) provide the same degree of safety as the design shown on plate A, or (ii) provide the same degree of safety as that specified in § 231.27. (2) Dimensions. (i) The brake shaft shall be not less than 1 1/4 inches in diameter, of wrought iron or steel without weld. (ii) The brake wheel may be flat or dished, not less than 15, preferably 16, inches in diameter, of malleable iron, wrought iron, or steel. (3) Location. (i) The hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car, to the left of and not less than 17 nor more than 22 inches from center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (iv) Carriers are not required to change the location of brake wheels and brake shafts on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. (i) There shall be not less than 4 inches clearance around rim of brake wheel. (ii) Outside edge of brake wheel shall be not less than 4 inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block or end sill. (iii) Top brake-shaft support shall be fastened with not less than 1/2 -inch bolts or rivets. (See plate A.) (iv) A brake-shaft step shall support the lower end … | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.20 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.19 Definition of “Right” and “Left.” | FRA | Right or Left refers to side of person when facing end or side of car from ground. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.21 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.20 Variation in size permitted. | FRA | To provide for the usual inaccuracies of manufacturing and for wear, where sizes of metal are specified, a total variation of 5 percent below size given is permitted. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.22 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.21 Tank cars without underframes. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 34 FR 11974, July 16, 1969] | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) End platforms —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Minimum width, ten inches. Minimum thickness, one and three-quarters inches. (3) Location. One on each end extending across car a distance equal to or greater than any other portion of car. Outside edge of end platform shall extend not less than seven inches beyond bulge of tank head and safety railing. (4) Manner of application. End platforms shall be securely fastened to the draft sills and be sufficiently rigid to prevent sagging. (c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (d) End platform safety railing —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Minimum of seven-eighths inch diameter, wrought iron or steel, or one and one-quarter inch pipe. Minimum clearance, two and one-half inches. (3) Location. One safety railing at each end of car shall extend horizontally across car not less than thirty-six inches nor more than fifty-four inches above end platform and extend downward within three inches of the end of the platform. The safety railing shall be located not more than six inches from the inside edge of the platform. (4) Manner of application. Safety railings shall be supported at center of car and at each end by extending downward at the ends and attaching to the platform. (e) Side railing —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. One and one-quarter inch pipe. Minimum clearance two and one-half inches. (3) Location. One on each side of car, extending from end platform to end platform at a distance of not less than 51 inches from centerl… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.23 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.22 Operation of track motor cars. | FRA | On and after August 1, 1963, it shall be unlawful for any railroad subject to the requirements of the Safety Appliance Acts to operate or permit to be operated on its line track motor cars to pull or haul trailers, push trucks, hand cars, or similar cars or equipment. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.24 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.23 Unidirectional passenger-train cars adaptable to van-type semi-trailer use. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Passenger-Train Cars Without End-Platforms.” (2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. The hand brake operating device shall be located on the end of car to the left of center. (b) Brake step —(1) Number. One (1). (2) Dimensions. Not less than twenty-eight (28) inches in length. Outside edge not less than eight (8) inches from face of car, except when “A” frame is used and extends beyond end of car, a platform of anti-skid design covering the extended portion of the “A” frame may be used as brake step. (3) Manner of application. Brake step shall be securely fastened to car and when additional support is necessary, metal braces having a minimum cross-sectional area three-eighths ( 3/8 ) by one and one-half (1 1/2 ) inches or equivalent shall be securely fastened to body of car with not less than one-half ( 1/2 ) inch bolts or rivets. (c) Sill steps —(1) Number. Two (2). (2) Dimensions. Minimum length of tread, ten (10) preferably twelve (12) inches. Minimum cross-sectional area, one-half ( 1/2 ) by one and one-half (1 1/2 ) inches, or equivalent, wrought iron, steel or other metal of equivalent strength. Minimum clear depth, eight (8) inches. (3) Location. One (1) near the rear or trailing end of the car on each side, not more than twenty-four (24) inches from corner of car to center of tread of sill step. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Passenger-Train Cars Without End-Platforms.” (d) End-clearance. No part of car above end sills except the brake step shall extend to within twenty (20) inches of a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the outside edge of any part of an adjoining car. (e) Side handholds —(1) Number. Four (4). (2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths ( 5/8 ) of an inch, wrought iron, steel or metal of equivalent strength. Minimum clear length, sixteen (16) preferably twenty-four (24) inches. Mini… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.25 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.24 Box and other house cars with roofs, 16 feet 10 inches or more above top of rail. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 40 FR 34347, Aug. 15, 1975] | 1 (a) Each car of this type built or rebuilt after (January 1, 1976) or under construction prior thereto and placed in service after (effective date) shall be equipped as specified in § 231.27(a) through (h) and (j) or, if it has roof hatches, as specified in § 231.28. (b) Each car of this type placed in service after November 23, 1964 and before (effective date) shall be equipped— (1) As specified in § 231.24; or (2) As specified in § 231.27(a) through (h) and (j); or (3) If it has roof hatches, as specified in § 231.28. (c) Each car of this type placed in service before October 22, 1964, or under construction on October 22, 1964 and placed in service before November 23, 1964, shall be equipped— (1) As specified in § 231.1; or (2) As specified in §§ 231.1 and 231.27(i); or (3) As specified in § 231.27(a) through (h) and (j); or (4) If it has roof hatches, as specified in § 231.28. (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and Other House Cars.” (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and Other House Cars.” (3) Location. Each hand brake shall be located so that it can be safely operated from the end-platform. Each brake shaft shall be located on end of car to left of center and not more than twenty-four (24) inches from left side of car. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and Other House Cars.” (b) End-platforms —(1) Number. Two (2). (2) Dimensions. Width, not less than ten (10) inches. Length, full width of car. (3) Location. One (1) on each end of car not more than eight (8) inches above center sill. (4) Manner of application. Each end-platform shall be securely supported by not less than four (4) metal braces having a minimum cross sectional area three-eighths ( 3/8 ) by one and one-half (1 1/2 ) inches or equivalent which shall be securely fastened to body of car with not less than one-half ( 1/2 ) inch bolts or rivets. The outside edge of each end-platform shall be not less than six (6) inches from a vertical plane parallel with end o… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.26 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.25 Track motorcars (self-propelled 4-wheel cars which can be removed from the rails by men). | FRA | (a) Handbrakes ( includes foot operated brake ). Each track motorcar shall be equipped with an efficient handbrake so located that it can be safely operated while the car is in motion. Each handbrake shall be equipped with a ratchet or other suitable device which will provide a means of keeping the brake applied when car is not in motion. The requirements of this rule will be satisfied if the ratchet or other suitable device operates in connection with at least one handbrake on track motorcars that may be equipped with more than one such brake. (b) Handholds. One or more safe and suitable handholds conveniently located shall be provided. Each handhold shall be securely fastened to car. (c) Sill steps or footboards. Each track motorcar shall be equipped with safe and suitable sill steps or footboards conveniently located and securely fastened to car when bed or deck of track motorcar is more than 24 inches above top of rail. (d) Couplers. When used to haul other cars, each track motorcar shall be equipped with a coupler at each end where such cars are coupled (1) which provides a safe and secure attachment, (2) which can be coupled or uncoupled without the necessity of men going between the ends of the cars. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.27 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.26 Pushcars. | FRA | (a) Handbrakes. When used to transport persons, each pushcar shall be equipped with an efficient handbrake so located that it can be safely operated while the car is in motion. (b) Handholds ( includes handles ). Each pushcar shall be provided with one or more secure handholds. When used to transport persons, each pushcar shall be provided with one or more safe and suitable handholds conveniently located above the top of the bed of each pushcar. (c) Sill steps or footboards. When used to transport persons, each pushcar shall be equipped with safe and suitable sillsteps or footboards conveniently located and securely fastened to car, when bed or deck of pushcar is more than 24 inches above top of rail. (d) Couplers. When moved together with other vehicles, each pushcar shall be equipped with a coupler at each end where such vehicles are coupled (1) which provides a safe and secure attachment, and (2) which can be coupled or uncoupled without the necessity of men going between the ends of the cars. Sections 231.25 and 231.26 are applicable only when the vehicles governed thereby are coupled together and moved together. | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.28 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.27 Box and other house cars without roof hatches or placed in service after October 1, 1966. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 40 FR 34347, Aug. 15, 1975; 49 FR 26745, June 29, 1984] | (a) Handbrakes. The handbrake may be of any efficient design, but must provide the same degree of safety as, or a greater degree of safety than, the following specifications: (1) Number. (i) Each box or other house car without roof hatches shall be equipped with an efficient vertical wheel handbrake which shall operate in harmony with the power brake thereon. (ii) The handbrake may be of any efficient design, but must provide a total braking force applied to brake shoes not less than the total force applied to the brake shoes by the brake cylinders at 50 pounds per square inch. (2) Dimensions. (i) The brake wheel may be deep or shallow, of malleable iron, wrought iron, steel, or other material of equivalent strength. (ii) Overall diameter of brake wheel nominally twenty-two (22) inches. (iii) Depth of brake wheel hub shall be two and five-eighths (2 5/8 ) inches with square taper shaft fit, taper two (2) inches in twelve (12) inches with small end of taper fit seven-eighths ( 7/8 ) inches. (iv) Brake wheel and drum shall be arranged so that both will revolve when applying and gradually releasing the handbrake. Handbrake shall be provided with means to prevent application of the brake by winding in a counterclockwise direction. (v) Brake shaft shall be arranged with a square fit at its outer end to secure the handbrake wheel; said square fit shall be not less than seven-eighths ( 7/8 ) of an inch square. Square-fit taper: Nominally two (2) in twelve (12) inches (see Plate A). (vi) All chains shall be not less than nine-sixteenths ( 9/16 ) inch BBB coil chain. (vii) All handbrake rods shall be not less than three-fourths ( 3/4 ) inch diameter. (3) Location. (i) The handbrake shall be so located that it can be safely operated from horizontal end platform while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car, to the left of and not less than seventeen (17) nor more than twenty-two (22) inches from center and not less than twenty-six (26) nor more than forty (40) inches ab… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.29 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.28 Box and other house cars with roof hatches built or placed in service after October 1, 1966. | FRA | [33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, as amended at 49 FR 26745, June 29, 1984] | The specifications of § 231.27 shall apply except as to the following: (a) Running boards. Same as specified in § 231.1, except: the end of longitudinal running board shall be not less than six (6) inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against buffer block or end sill. (b) Ladders —(1) Number. Two (2). (2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum clear length of tread: Sixteen (16) inches. (ii) Maximum spacing between treads nineteen (19) inches. (3) Location. One (1) on each end of car not more than eight (8) inches from left-hand side. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified in § 231.1. (c) Roof handholds —(1) Number. Two (2), one (1) over each ladder. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified in § 231.1. (3) Location. On roof of car. One (1) parallel to treads of each ladder, not less than eight (8) nor more than fifteen (15) inches from edge of roof, except on refrigerator cars where ice hatches prevent, when location may be nearer edge of roof. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified in § 231.1. (d) End handholds. (Treads of end ladders are end handholds.) Same as specified for § 231.27. (e) Existing box and other house cars with roof hatches. Box and other house cars with roof hatches built on or before April 1, 1966, or under construction prior thereto and placed in service before October 1, 1966, shall be deemed equipped as nearly as possible within the intent of § 231.1 and of this section when: Equipped as specified in § 231.1, except (1) the side ladder treads above the fourth tread from bottom of side ladder near “A” end of car and roof handhold over the side ladder near “A” end shall be removed; (2) and (1) end platform handhold shall be provided on each end of car as specified in § 231.27(i); and when handbrake is operated near roof of car a brake step shall be provided as specified by § 231.1 or when handbrake is operated from approximate level of top of end sill the roof handhold over … | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.2 Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends. | FRA | (Cars with sides more than 36 inches above the floor are high-side cars.) (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of, and not more than 22 inches from, center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (iv) Carriers are not required to change the location of brake wheels and brake shafts on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (b)). (c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (d) Ladders —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(2)), except that top ladder tread shall be located not more than 4 inches from top of car. (3) Location. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(3)). (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(4)). (e) Side handholds. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)). (f) Horizontal end handholds. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(i)). (g) Vertical end handholds. Same as specified for “Box and… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.30 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.29 Road locomotives with corner stairways. | FRA | [41 FR 37783, Sept. 8, 1976] | After September 30, 1979, road locomotives with corner stairway openings must be equipped with (a) uncoupling mechanisms that can be operated safely from the bottom stairway opening step as well as ground level, and (b) the vertical handholds and horizontal end handholds prescribed in § 231.30(e) and (g). No part of the uncoupling mechanism may extend into the stairway opening or end platform area when the mechanism is in its normal position or when it is operated. Each carrier shall so equip forty percent (40 percent) of its road locomotives by October 1, 1977, seventy percent (70 percent) by October 1, 1978, and all its road locomotives by October 1, 1979. | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.31 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.30 Locomotives used in switching service. | FRA | [41 FR 37783, Sept. 8, 1976] | (a) General requirements. (1) Except for steam locomotives equipped as provided in § 231.16 of this part, all locomotives used in switching service built after March 31, 1977, must be equipped as provided in this section. (2) Except for steam locomotives equipped as prescribed in § 231.16 of this part, all locomotives built prior to April 1, 1977, used in switching service after September 30, 1979, shall be equipped as provided in this section. Each carrier shall so equip forty percent (40 percent) of such locomotives by October 1, 1977, seventy percent (70 percent) by October 1, 1978, and all such locomotives by October 1, 1979. (3) Locomotives without corner stairway openings may not be used to perform any switching service after September 30, 1979 except passenger car switching service at passenger stations. (b) Definitions. (1) Locomotive used in switching service means a locomotive regularly assigned to perform yard switching service. (2) Switching service means the classification of cars according to commodity or destination; assembling of cars for train movements; changing the position of cars for purposes of loading, unloading, or weighing, placing of locomotives and cars for repair or storage; or moving of rail equipment in connection with work service that does not constitute a road movement. However, this term does not include movement of a train or part of a train within yard limits by the road locomotive and the placement of locomotives or cars in a train or their removal from a train by the road locomotive while en route to the train's destination. (3) Safety tread surface means that portion of anti-skid surface of a switching step that actually is contacted by a shoe or boot. (4) Uncoupling mechanism means the arrangement for operating the coupler lock lift, including the uncoupling lever and all other appurtenances that facilitate operation of the coupler. (c) Switching step —(1) Number. Each locomotive used in switching service must have four (4) switching steps. (See Plate … | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.32 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.31 Drawbars for freight cars; standard height. | FRA | [66 FR 4192, Jan. 17, 2001] | (a) Except on cars specified in paragraph (b) of this section— (1) On standard gage (56 1/2 -inch gage) railroads, the maximum height of drawbars for freight cars (measured perpendicularly from the level of the tops of the rails to the centers of the drawbars) shall be 34 1/2 inches, and the minimum height of drawbars for freight cars on such standard gage railroads (measured in the same manner) shall be 31 1/2 inches. (2) On 36-inch gage railroads, the maximum height of drawbars for freight cars (measured perpendicularly from the level of the tops of the rails to the centers of the drawbars) shall be 26 inches, and the minimum height of drawbars for freight cars on such 36-inch gage railroads (measured in the same manner) shall be 23 inches. (3) On 24-inch gage railroads, the maximum height of drawbars for freight cars (measured perpendicularly from the level of the tops of the rails to the centers of the drawbars) shall be 17 1/2 inches, and the minimum height of drawbars for freight cars on 24-inch gage railroads (measured in the same manner) shall be 14 1/2 inches. (4) On railroads operating on track with a gage other than those contained in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section, the maximum and minimum height of drawbars for freight cars operating on those railroads shall be established upon written approval of FRA. (b) This section shall not apply to a railroad all of whose track is less than 24 inches in gage. | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.33 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.33 Procedure for special approval of existing industry safety appliance standards. | FRA | [76 FR 23726, Apr. 28, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 23736, May 23, 2019; 90 FR 28170, July 1, 2025] | (a) General. The following procedures govern the submission, consideration and handling of any petition for special approval of an existing industry safety appliance standard for new construction of railroad cars, locomotives, tenders, or other rail vehicles. (b) Submission. An industry representative may submit a petition for special approval of an existing industry safety appliance standard for new construction. A petition for special approval of an industry standard for safety appliances shall include the following: (1) The name, title, address, email address, and telephone number of the primary individual to be contacted with regard to review of the petition. (2) An existing industry-wide standard that, at a minimum: (i) Identifies the type(s) of equipment to which the standard would be applicable and the section or sections within the safety appliance regulations that the existing industry standard would operate as an alternative to for new car construction; (ii) Ensures, as nearly as possible, based upon the design of the equipment, that the standard provides for the same complement of handholds, sill steps, ladders, hand or parking brakes, running boards, and other safety appliances as are required for a piece of equipment of the nearest approximate type(s) already identified in this part; (iii) Complies with all statutory requirements relating to safety appliances contained at 49 U.S.C. 20301 and 20302; and (iv) Addresses the specific number, dimension, location, and manner of application of each safety appliance contained in the industry standard; (3) Appropriate data or analysis, or both, for FRA to consider in determining whether the existing industry standard will provide at least an equivalent level of safety; (4) Drawings, sketches, or other visual aids that provide detailed information relating to the design, location, placement, and attachment of the safety appliances; (5) A demonstration of the ergonomic suitability of the proposed arrangements in normal use; and (6) A statement af… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.34 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.35 Procedure for modification of an approved industry safety appliance standard for new railcar construction. | FRA | [76 FR 23726, Apr. 28, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 23736, May 23, 2019] | (a) Petitions for modification of an approved industry safety appliance standard. An industry representative may seek modification of an existing industry safety appliance standard for new construction of railroad cars, locomotives, tenders, or other rail vehicles after the petition for special approval has been approved pursuant to § 231.33. The petition for modification shall include each of the elements identified in § 231.33(b). (b) Service. (1) Each petition for modification of an approved industry standard under paragraph (a) of this section shall be submitted to the FRA Docket Clerk, West Building Third Floor, Office of Chief Counsel, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. (2) Service of each petition for modification of an existing industry safety appliance standard under paragraph (a) of this section shall be made on the following: (i) Designated representatives of the employees responsible for the equipment's operation, inspection, testing, and maintenance under this part; (ii) Any organizations or bodies that either issued the standard incorporated in the section(s) of the rule to which the modification pertains or issued the industry standard that is proposed in the petition for modification; and (iii) Any other person who has filed with FRA a current statement of interest in reviewing special approvals under the particular requirement of this part at least 30 days but not more than 5 years prior to the filing of the petition. If filed, a statement of interest shall be filed with FRA's Associate Administrator for Safety and shall reference the specific section(s) of this part in which the person has an interest. (c) Federal Register document. Upon receipt of a petition for modification, FRA will publish a document in the Federal Register announcing the receipt of each petition received under paragraph (a) of this section. The document will identify the public docket number in the Federal eRulemaking Portal (FeP) where the contents of each petition can be accessed and reviewed… | ||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.4 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.3 Drop-end high-side gondola cars. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (c) Ladders —(1) Number. Two. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(2)), except that top ladder tread shall be located not more than 4 inches from top of car. (3) Location. (i) One on each side, not more than 8 inches from right end of car, measured from inside edge of ladder stile or clearance of ladder treads to corner of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the location of ladders on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(e)(4)). (d) Side handholds. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)). (e) Horizontal end handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(i)(2)). (3) Location. (i) One near each side of each end of car on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from side of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the loca… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.5 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.4 Fixed-end low-side gondola and low-side hopper cars. | FRA | (Cars with sides 36 inches or less above the floor are low-side cars.) (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car, to the left of and not more than 22 inches from center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (iv) Carriers are not required to change the location of brake wheels and brake shafts on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(b)). (c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (d) Side handholds —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each end on each side of car, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center line of coupler, if car construction will permit, but handhold shall not project above top of side. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 8 inches from end of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, except end handholds under end sills, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.6 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.5 Drop-end low-side gondola cars. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)), provided that top brake-shaft support may be omitted. (b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (c) Side handholds —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each end on each side of car, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center line of coupler, if car construction will permit, but handhold shall not project above top of side. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be no more than 8 inches from end of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, except end handholds under end sills, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(4)). (d) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(i)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side of each end of car on face of end sill. Clearance o… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.7 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.6 Flat cars. | FRA | (Cars with sides 12 inches or less above the floor may be equipped the same as flat cars.) (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on the end of car to the left of center, or on side of car not more than 36 inches from right-hand end thereof. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (iv) Carriers are not required to change the location of brake wheels and brake shafts on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (c) Side handholds —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one on face of each side sill near each end. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 12 inches from end of car. (ii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, except end handholds under end sills, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other hou… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.8 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.7 Tank cars with side platforms. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)). (c) Side handholds —(1) Number. Four or more. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one on face of each side sill near each end. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 12 inches from end of car. (ii) If side safety railings are attached to tank or tank bands, four additional vertical handholds shall be applied, one as nearly as possible over each sill step and securely fastened to tank or tankband. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the location of handholds on cars in service July 1, 1911, except end handholds under end sills, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required location, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they must then be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(h)(4)). (d) End handholds —(1) Number. Four. (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(i)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side of each end of car on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 1… | |||||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.25.0.83.9 | 49 | Transportation | II | 231 | PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS | § 231.8 Tank cars without side sills and tank cars with short side sills and end platforms. | FRA | (a) Hand brakes —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(2)). (3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely operated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the left of center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills, in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(a)(4)). (b) Running boards —(1) Number. One continuous running board around sides and ends; or two running full length of tank, one on each side. (2) Dimensions. Minimum width on sides, 10 inches. Minimum width on ends, 6 inches. (3) Location. Continuous around sides and ends of cars. On tank cars having end platforms extending to bolsters, running boards shall extend from center to center of bolsters, one on each side. (4) Manner of application. (i) If side running boards are applied below center of tank, outside edge of running boards shall extend not less than 7 inches beyond bulge of tank. (ii) The running boards at ends of car shall be not less than 6 inches from a point vertically above the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block, end sill or back stop. (iii) Running boards shall be securely fastened to tank or tank bands. (c) Sill steps —(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)(1)). (2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1(d)(2)). (3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side under side handhold. (ii) Outside edge of tread of step shall be not more than 4 inches inside of face of side of car, preferably flush with side of car. (iii) Tr… |
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CREATE TABLE cfr_sections (
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title_number INTEGER,
title_name TEXT,
chapter TEXT,
subchapter TEXT,
part_number TEXT,
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section_number TEXT,
section_heading TEXT,
agency TEXT,
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CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_title ON cfr_sections(title_number);
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