{"database": "openregs", "table": "congressional_record", "rows": [["CREC-2025-01-09-pt1-PgS69-6", "2025-01-09", 119, 1, null, null, "LEGISLATIVE SESSION", "SENATE", "SENATE", "SLEGISLATIVE", "S69", "S76", "[{\"name\": \"Chuck Grassley\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"John Thune\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"Charles E. Schumer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"John Barrasso\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"Katie Boyd Britt\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"Richard J. Durbin\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"John Hoeven\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"Kevin Cramer\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}, {\"name\": \"Jerry Moran\", \"role\": \"speaking\"}]", "[{\"congress\": \"119\", \"type\": \"S\", \"number\": \"5\"}]", "171 Cong. Rec. S69", "Congressional Record, Volume 171 Issue 5 (Thursday, January 9, 2025)\n\n[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 5 (Thursday, January 9, 2025)]\n[Senate]\n[Pages S69-S76]\nFrom the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]\n\n                          LEGISLATIVE SESSION\n\n                                 ______\n\n              LAKEN RILEY ACT--MOTION TO PROCEED--Resumed\n\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the Senate will\nresume consideration of the motion to proceed to S. 5, which the clerk\nwill report.\n  The legislative clerk read as follows:\n\n       Motion to proceed to Calendar No. 1, S. 5, to require the\n     Secretary of Homeland Security to take into custody aliens\n     who have been charged in the United States with theft, and\n     for other purposes.\n\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The President pro tempore.\n  Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I would like to speak for 1 minute as in\nmorning business.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n\n               National Law Enforcement Appreciation Day\n\n  Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, January 9 is National Law Enforcement\nAppreciation Day. Today, as well as every day, we should give our\nthanks to the Nation's men and women in blue.\n  I make this a practice. Whenever I see a police officer, I always try\nto stop and say two things: I am not for defunding the police, and I am\nproud to back the blue, or I say it another way: Thank you for\nmaintaining the peace.\n  As chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, you can be sure that I\nwill continue my work to protect and support law enforcement in both\nIowa and nationwide. The Judiciary Committee always accomplishes issues\nsupporting police in a bipartisan series of bills, most often in the\nmonth of May.\n  To our law enforcement friends, all Senators say: Thank you for your\nselfless service. May God bless you, and may God protect you.\n  I yield the floor.\n  I suggest the absence of a quorum.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.\n  The assistant bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.\n  Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for\nthe quorum call be rescinded.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n\n                   Recognition of the Majority Leader\n\n  The majority leader is recognized.\n\n                              Nominations\n\n  Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, on November 5, President Trump was elected\nto be the 47th President of the United States. By Thanksgiving, he had\nannounced all of his Cabinet Secretaries and several other senior roles\nin his new administration.\n  All in all, it took President Trump just 18 days to name all of his\nCabinet Secretaries, a pace unprecedented in recent history. New\nadministrations typically take a few weeks to name their first\nnominees, but President Trump has shown he wants to get to work quickly\nin executing the mandate he has received from the American people, and\nhe deserves to have his team in place in order to help him do that.\nThat is going to require some work from the Senate, and we are ready to\nget to it.\n  The Senate will provide each of the President's nominees with a fair\nprocess. That process has been unfolding for the past several weeks as\nSenators have met with many of these nominees in private. Next week,\nSenate committees plan to begin holding public hearings with several\nnominees. Senators will have the chance to ask them questions on the\nrecord, and the American people will be able to hear directly from the\nmen and women President Trump has chosen for his administration.\n  Committees have begun noticing hearings with several nominees for\nnational security roles in the Trump administration.\n  The Armed Services Committee is preparing to hear from Pete Hegseth,\nthe nominee for Secretary of Defense.\n\n[[Page S70]]\n\n  The Foreign Relations Committee has announced plans to hear from our\ncolleague Senator Rubio, who has been nominated for Secretary of State.\n  The Intelligence Committee has scheduled a confirmation hearing for\nJohn Ratcliffe to be CIA Director.\n  And the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee plans to\nhold a hearing with Gov. Kristi Noem, nominated for Secretary of\nHomeland Security.\n  Other committees have also announced plans for confirmation hearings:\nthe Veterans' Affairs Committee for Doug Collins, nominee for VA\nSecretary; the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee for\nRussell Vought, nominated to return as OMB Director; the Energy\nCommittee for Gov. Doug Burgum to be Interior Secretary and Chris\nWright to be Energy Secretary; the Judiciary Committee for Pam Bondi,\nnominated for Attorney General; and the Commerce Committee for Sean\nDuffy, nominee for Secretary of Transportation.\n  That is just the start. Our goal is to keep up a steady pace of\nprogress in the coming weeks. In 2009, President Obama had 12 Cabinet\nSecretaries in place within 15 days of taking office. It took the Trump\nand Biden administrations roughly three times longer to get the same\nnumber confirmed. We need to get back to the Obama standard, and we are\ngoing to need Democrats to cooperate in order to do that.\n  Earlier this week, the Democrat leader said that his caucus's\napproach to the Trump nominees would be ``fair but thorough.'' I hope\nit will be fair, but we will be ready to proceed whether or not\nDemocrats choose to cooperate.\n  President Trump has chosen his team. We have a job to do to ensure\nthat each member of that team gets a fair process here in the U.S.\nSenate, and that is what we are going to do. I look forward to the\ncommittees getting to work.\n  I yield the floor.\n  I suggest the absence of a quorum.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.\n  The assistant bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.\n  Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order\nfor the quorum call be rescinded.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n\n                   Recognition of the Minority Leader\n\n  The Democratic leader is recognized.\n\n                     Southern California Wildfires\n\n  Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, today, our prayers are with the people of\nSouthern California who have been impacted by the wildfires that have\nspread over the past few days. The images of homes, schools, places of\nworship burning are terrifying and almost surreal.\n  I have been briefed on the latest efforts by Federal and State\nofficials to contain these fires. Sadly, there is a lot of work left to\ndo before this crisis is over. Right now, it is vital that our\nfirefighters and medical workers and first responders have everything\nthey need from the Federal Government to combat the flames and rescue\npeople from danger.\n  The Senate just passed, fortunately, a sweeping disaster aid package\nprecisely for these kinds of emergencies, but now we must ensure all\nnecessary disaster aid goes out the door as quickly as possible and is\ngiven to the people who need it and need it the most.\n  Finally, the fact that the worst wildfire in Los Angeles's history\nshould happen in the dead of winter is another warning of the dangers\nof climate change. Extreme weather events will continue to happen\nregularly and will get worse if we don't tackle the climate crisis\nhead-on.\n  We pray for the people of Southern California, and we thank all of\nour brave first responders working without rest to keep people safe.\n\n                            Laken Riley Act\n\n  Mr. President, on today's vote, this afternoon, the Senate is going\nto hold its first procedural vote on the Laken Riley Act. I expect that\nthis bill will have enough votes from both parties to proceed. If we\nget on the bill, Democrats want to have a robust debate where we can\noffer amendments and improve the bill.\n  On the first day of the 119th Congress, my good friend the Republican\nleader, Senator Thune, said he wants to make the Senate a place ``where\nall members should have a chance to make their voices . . . heard.''\nWell, this bill will be a fine place to start.\n  We should allow debate and amendments on the bill. This is an\nimportant issue. We should have a debate and amendments, and that is\nwhy I am voting yes on the motion to proceed.\n  To remind my colleagues, this is not a vote on the bill itself. This\nis a motion to proceed, a vote that says we should have a debate and\nshould have amendments.\n\n                   Democratic Legislative Priorities\n\n  Mr. President, now, on the GOP taxes and our Democratic agenda, each\nday it is becoming clearer that the new Trump administration will look\na lot like the old one: chaos for Republicans, bad news for working\nAmericans. That is what this new Trump administration already looks\nlike, just like they did 4 years ago.\n  All week long, Republicans have tripped over themselves to try to\nfigure out how they are going to hurt everyday Americans through their\nagenda. All this talk about ``one bill'' or ``two bills'' is\nirrelevant. That is just Washington-insider machinations.\n  Americans need to know the real story: Republicans are united on\nusing their new majorities to cut taxes for the ultrawealthy at the\nexpense of working people. It doesn't matter if it is one bill or two\nbills when they are doing so much to hurt working Americans and only\nhelping those who probably need help the least--the very least, by and\nlarge.\n  All these promises we heard from Republicans about fighting for the\nworking class didn't even make it to Inauguration Day. They are back to\ntrying to cut taxes for the ultrawealthy and megacorporations.\n  Look, I have no problem against those who are fortunate enough to\nhave a lot of money. God bless them. But they need to pay their fair\nshare. Almost all Americans would agree with that. So it is truly\nstunning--it is revealing--that Republicans are already spending so\nmuch energy trying to figure out the best way to make taxes for the\nvery wealthy even lower.\n  We are already seeing a glaring contrast between how Republicans use\ntheir time in power and what Democrats believe in. A little later this\nafternoon, Senate Democrats will convene on the Senate steps for our\nfirst major press conference, where we will outline our priorities and\nwhere they lie in the 119th Congress.\n  We need to lower costs for working and middle-class people, not\nreward the ultrarich and America's biggest corporations. If Republicans\nwant to work with us on real policies that lower costs for real working\nAmericans, we are glad to partner with them. But if Republicans try to\nsell out our children's future with multitrillion-dollar tax cuts that\nonly help those at the very top, we will fiercely, fiercely oppose\nthem.\n\n                              Nominations\n\n  Mr. President, now, on nominations, the American people have a right\nto know if President-elect Trump's Cabinet nominees are going to fight\nfor them. Will they lower people's costs? Will they be loyal to the\ncountry and the Constitution? Or will they cater to their wealthy\nbenefactors, like the first Trump administration? Will they try to undo\nthe wellsprings of democracy?\n  We can answer these questions through a robust nomination process in\nthe Senate. But when Republicans like the chairman of the Energy and\nNatural Resources Committee try to rush nominees before Senators have\neven received basic information, such as background reports, Americans\nhave to ask: What are Republicans trying to hide when they don't want\ntheir nominees to have background checks and don't want to have full\ninformation about them?\n  These nominees will have enormous power. Every American has to go\nthrough a background check and is asked questions when they are\napplying for a job. These jobs are so important. Of course, this should\nhappen here. But so far, some of the Republican chairs of committees\nare resisting, and that doesn't speak well for the qualifications or\nthe confidence they have in their nominees.\n  In the last 2 days, the chairman of the Committee on Energy and\nNatural Resources has noticed hearings on not one but two of President\nTrump's nominees without minority consent:\n\n[[Page S71]]\n\nGovernor Doug Burgum to be Secretary of the Interior and Chris Wright\nto be the Secretary of Energy. These two positions--Secretary of the\nInterior, Secretary of Energy--will be tasked with managing our natural\nresources and our clean energy future. They will be responsible\nfor protecting the good-paying, clean energy jobs created under\nPresident Biden. And I would remind my Republican colleagues: Those\njobs are in red States as much as they are in blue States.\n\n  The American people deserve to know if these Cabinet nominees will\nprotect good-paying, clean energy jobs; or will they kill these jobs\nand put a lot of people out of work for some ideological thing they are\nchasing?\n  Yet Senate Democrats on the committee have yet to receive basic\ninformation about either of these nominees' backgrounds.\n  Republicans choosing to rush nominees is quickly becoming a pattern.\nIt is hard not to wonder: What are the Republicans trying to hide about\nthese nominees from the American people? What are they trying to hide?\nWhat are they afraid of?\n\n                        Tribute to Matt Fuentes\n\n  Now, finally, I want to end on a more personal but also a bittersweet\nnote.\n  Mr. President, I have had great staff through all my years in the\nSenate and in the House. I owe everything to them. They work so damn\nhard. They are so dedicated, and they are so smart and so creative and\nso caring. So to say that this is one of the best I have ever had is\nreally high tribute. But Matt Fuentes, my top health policy adviser for\n8 years, is one of the very, very, very best I have ever, ever, ever\nhad--8 years, amazing.\n  Matt, I want to thank you for your amazing work. I am so proud of\nwhat you have accomplished for us, for New York, and for the country.\n  As I said before, I have the best staff in the world, and Matt was no\nexception. He joined my team and immediately got to work helping defend\nthe ACA when Republicans tried to repeal it in 2017. He was\ninstrumental in passing COVID relief, which saved thousands of lives.\nHe led insulin reform policy. Now, people are getting insulin, and\nMedicare recipients, for $35. I don't think it would have happened\nwithout this guy sitting right here next to me. He figured out the ways\nto get it done. It is not easy.\n  And he helped us lower drug prices for millions of other Americans,\nbecause, as you know, as of January 1, there is a cap on how much any\nsenior citizen can pay for all the drugs they use, as well as\nnegotiations that would have been now allowed so that Medicare can\nnegotiate with the drug companies, and 10 of the most popular drug\nprices are going way down.\n  Anyone who has worked with Matt would agree on one thing: He\npossesses a rare gift. It is true. It is amazing. He can translate the\nmost complex policy into clear and direct essentials, while grasping\nthe core, difficult political issues at play.\n  I can recall many times--probably more than either of us would want\nto admit--when I called Matt at 7 in the morning, at midnight: Matt,\nwhat about this? What about that?\n  He never got mad. He was always very factual and matter of fact and\nwould answer and solve the problem.\n  So he is amazing. And despite all the stressful situations that the\njob put him in, Matt always radiated calmness and confidence. He never\nwavered under pressure. In fact, that is when he was at his best. When\neveryone else in the room was trying to prove they were right and\nothers were wrong, he had the special ability to bring people together\non both sides of the aisle. So much of what we did was bipartisan, and\nthat is the reason right here. It was a sight to behold to watch Matt.\n  Again, I just have to say, with all the pressure and everything going\non and having a new family--a new young family, a beautiful child; now\nthere are two--he stayed cool as a cucumber. I don't know if they use\nthat expression these days. My mother uses that one. It is probably out\nof date.\n  Have you heard it, Mr. President, from your mother, too--``cool as a\ncucumber''?\n  Matt was cool as a cucumber throughout all of it--thoughtful, kind,\ngenerous. He knows when to be serious but doesn't take himself\nseriously. He is always seeking to help but is never afraid to hold\nstrong for what he believes is right.\n  You know, my wish for every Senator, regardless of our ideology, is\nthat you have a Matt Fuentes--sometime, someplace--on your staff,\nworking on some important issue.\n  I do want to say one thing. I hate seeing Matt leave. He is one of\nthe best, as I said, I have ever had, but we have a new successor to\nMatt, who is his deputy, who I know will fill his large shoes.\n  So thank you very much.\n  Matt, from the bottom of my heart, thank you, thank you, thank you,\nnot just for me but for everything you have done for America and\nAmericans. Your legacy, no matter what else you do in life, is there.\nThere are literally going to be huge numbers of people--tens of\nthousands, hundreds of thousands, maybe millions--who are alive, who\nare healthier because of you. What an amazing legacy.\n  God bless you, Matt. Good luck. Good luck to your nice wife, to your\ngreat little kids. I know you will do other great things, but forever,\nforever, forever, you will be part of the Schumer family and one of the\nbest members of it.\n  I yield the floor.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Republican whip.\n\n                            Laken Riley Act\n\n  Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, something unexpected is happening in the\nearly days of this new Congress, right here in the Senate, and that is\nwe are seeing some bipartisanship. Republicans and a number of\nDemocrats have now agreed that violent criminals who have entered our\ncountry illegally and are a threat to the safety and the security of\nthe American people shouldn't be here and we need to do doing about it.\n  A headline in POLITICO this week tells the story. The headline reads\n``Democrats make a right turn on immigration.'' This is an encouraging\nstart to our new Senate year, and now it is time for the Democrats to\nprove that they really do want to work with us.\n  The Senate is going to vote today on this bipartisan Laken Riley Act.\nNow, just to remind those who are unfamiliar with the situation, Laken\nRiley was a young woman. She was a student at Augusta University in\nAthens, GA. She was studying to be a nurse. Tomorrow would have been\nher 23rd birthday. She was murdered by an illegal immigrant. All she\nwas doing was out taking a jog. That illegal immigrant was in America\nbecause of Joe Biden and the Democrats' open border policies.\n  The Laken Riley Act has been sponsored and is now cosponsored by\nevery Republican in the Senate, and there are also several Democrats\nwho have recently signed on to this legislation and now support it. I\nwas happy to hear the Democratic leader saying that he was going to\nvote to get on the bill as well.\n  The Laken Riley Act presents the Senate a simple choice: Are we\nwilling to allow illegal immigrants to roam free in our country or do\nwe want to save American lives? Protecting Americans from the dangers\nof a broken border makes sense to, I believe, most, if not all, of our\ncitizens.\n  Earlier this week, Senator John Fetterman of Pennsylvania was asked\nabout the Laken Riley Act. This is what he said. He said: If you are\nhere illegally and you are committing crimes, I don't know why anybody\nthinks that that is controversial.\n  Well, not too long ago, his party certainly thought this point of\nview was controversial. That is what we saw happen here in the Senate.\nLast Congress, Republicans tried to bring up the Laken Riley Act. The\nDemocrats blocked us. They wouldn't even let us debate it.\n  So I am happy to hear that Democrats are now open to debating this\nimportant bill. It is nice to see that the results of the election in\nNovember have changed the thinking of some of my colleagues on the\nother side of the aisle.\n  Debating the Laken Riley Act isn't enough; the Senate must go on to\npass it. The House has already passed this exact version of the Laken\nRiley Act this past week, and that vote was overwhelmingly bipartisan.\nThe Senate now has an opportunity to make a real difference--a\ndifference to protect American citizens from illegal-immigrant\ncriminals.\n\n[[Page S72]]\n\n  There are some Democratic Senators who say that they support the\nLaken Riley Act but they want to weaken it. Well, to be clear, Senate\nRepublicans are not weakening this lifesaving legislation. We will not\nallow that to happen. We must ensure that what happened to Laken Riley\ndoes not ever happen again.\n  When the time comes to vote on the Laken Riley Act, I encourage all\nof my colleagues to vote yes. If Democrats join us, the Laken Riley Act\nwill actually become the law of the land, but more importantly than\nthat, it will meet an urgent need of the American people. That is what\nwe are really trying to do here--solve a problem, come up with a\nsolution.\n  This isn't comprehensive immigration reform. To be very clear, there\nis much more that needs to be done to fix our broken open border.\nToday, I reintroduced a bill called the Build the Wall Act. That will\ncertainly go a long way. We know that border walls work. My proposal\nfinishes the wall, and it pays for it with unspent COVID money--money\nthat is available to be used and should be used for that productive\npurpose.\n  We have already built more than 450 miles of border wall between the\nUnited States and Mexico. We know that it worked. Under President\nTrump, illegal crossings were at a record low. But now, after more than\n10 million illegal immigrants have poured into our country during the\nlast 4 years, we need to finish the wall. The need to do it is greater\ntoday than it has ever been before. The moment has come for safety and\nfor security and, now, for serious action.\n  Joe Biden and the Democrats broke the border, opened the border,\nallowed and actually invited into this country people who are part of\ncriminal cartels, drug dealers, terror suspects. This action turned\nevery State, including my home State of Wyoming, into a border State.\n  It is time for even more Democrats to join Republicans today in\nsecuring our border, saving our lives, and passing this important piece\nof legislation that is coming before us today.\n  I yield the floor.\n  I suggest the absence of a quorum.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.\n  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.\n  Mrs. BRITT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for\nthe quorum call be rescinded.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Budd). Without objection, it is so\nordered.\n\n                            Laken Riley Act\n\n  Mrs. BRITT. Mr. President, on January 10, 2002, Laken Riley was born\ninto this world to her loving family. Tomorrow would have been her 23rd\nbirthday. She should be celebrating with her family, blowing out\ncandles on her birthday cake, and filling her loved one's lives with\nthe joy she spread so effortlessly.\n  But instead of celebrating another year around the Sun with friends\nand family, instead of figuring out what her next steps in life would\nbe--which had limitless potential--instead of achieving her dreams of\nbecoming a nurse, tomorrow, we will mark the first day she isn't here\nwith us on this side of Heaven.\n  Nobody knew Laken and the light she shined on all those around her\nlike her family, so I would like to read a statement from Allyson and\nJohn Phillips, Laken's mother and stepfather:\n\n       It's impossible to fully describe what was taken from Laken\n     and from our family on February 22, 2024. Laken's life was\n     abundantly and exceptionally full of promise. She was a\n     beautiful, shining beacon in the life of everyone who knew\n     her. Not only did the people who knew and loved her lose a\n     beautiful soul, but so did our world.\n       Laken shared her love for Jesus with everyone she\n     encountered. Laken's passion for sharing her faith through\n     acts of kindness were felt by everyone she met. Laken was\n     selfless, hard-working, and made those around her feel\n     special. Laken did not just talk about her faith, she led by\n     example.\n\n  A truly special person.\n  Laken Riley was, as we can hear in Allyson and John's heartfelt\nwords, just incredible.\n  There was no reason--no reason at all--that she should no longer be\nwith us. Her killer, who came to this country illegally, should have\nnever been in the United States. And once he had been arrested for\nmultiple crimes before committing this heinous, unimaginable crime, he\nshould have been detained by ICE immediately. Had that been the case,\nLaken's family and Laken herself would have faced a very different\nreality. They would be celebrating a birthday, not approaching the 1-\nyear anniversary of her murder.\n  The Laken Riley Act will help prevent other families from\nexperiencing this unimaginable heartache.\n  I was proud to introduce this bill in the Senate with Senator Ted\nBudd of North Carolina, with his support and leadership, along with\nMajority Leader John Thune and the entire Senate Republican conference,\nalong with support which came from across the aisle from Senators John\nFetterman and Ruben Gallego.\n  I am grateful for the tremendous leadership of Georgia Congressman\nMike Collins, who originally introduced and led this piece of\nlegislation through bipartisan passage in the House--not once but\ntwice--literally lapping the Senate. When you look at Representative\nCollins, that is a true servant leader. He saw an issue that occurred\nright there with his constituency. His heart broke alongside theirs.\nAnd then he didn't just talk about it; he did something about it.\nRepresentative  Mike Collins put pen to paper. He said: We are going to\ncreate a solution. We are going to make sure that no family has to\nexperience the heartbreak that Laken's family is enduring. That type of\nleadership is what every Member of this body should strive for.\n  As is already the case under current law for various types of\ncriminal activities, our bill would require U.S. Immigration and\nCustoms Enforcement to detain illegal aliens who commit theft-related\noffenses and would mandate that these illegal aliens are detained until\ntheir removal from the United States before they get the opportunity to\ncommit further, graver crimes.\n  I want to be very clear. The only individuals that would be subject\nto this bill are criminal illegal aliens. These individuals crossed our\nborder illegally, and then they committed a crime after getting here.\nThat is who we are talking about.\n  Our bill would also ensure that States have standing to bring civil\naction against Federal officials who refuse to enforce mandatory\ndetention and enforcement provisions of our current immigration laws,\nas well as statutory limitations on grants of immigration parole, or\nofficials who violate those laws.\n  I know and my colleagues know that our bill is as necessary as it is\nstraightforward. The House, as I mentioned, has lapped us in the Senate\nby passing this twice, under the leadership of Representative Collins.\nUnfortunately, when we tried to move it here, Democrats repeatedly\nblocked our attempt. Senate Democrats actually didn't even give this a\ncommittee hearing or a markup. Let's learn from those mistakes.\n  To my Democratic colleagues, I implore you to see reason, to see\nLaken's face, and to think about the potential consequences if you\nchoose to block this again.\n  I once again want to read the words of Laken's mother and stepfather,\nAllyson and John Phillips:\n\n       The Laken Riley Act has our full support because it would\n     help save innocent lives and prevent more families from going\n     through the kind of heartbreak we've experienced. Laken would\n     have been 23 on January 10th. There is no greater gift that\n     could be given to her and our country than to continue her\n     legacy by saving lives through this bill. Every single member\n     of Congress should be able to get behind this purely\n     commonsense bill that will make our country and communities\n     safer.\n\n  So to my colleagues, please listen to Allyson and John. Understand\ntheir pain. Hear their pleas for action. They need us to pass the Laken\nRiley Act. Every American family needs us to pass the Laken Riley Act.\nAnd they deserve it.\n  Today, on the eve of what should have been Laken Riley's 23rd\nbirthday, let's honor her legacy and advance a bipartisan bill that\nwill help us save American lives.\n  I yield the floor.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Iowa.\n  Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I am here to support the Laken Riley\nAct. This legislation comes within the jurisdiction of the Judiciary\nCommittee, which committee I will chair this Congress.\n\n[[Page S73]]\n\n  We all know that the result of the last election was a mandate for\nthe President to carry out his agenda. In that agenda was the\ndeportation of people who illegally enter our country. Everybody knows\nyou can't come to the United States without our permission. One of\nthose things that President Trump prioritized was his pledge to detain\nand deport criminals who are in this country illegally.\n  Laken was a young woman who lost her life at the hands of a violent,\nillegal immigrant with a criminal history. Laken's killer robbed a\nbusiness before he robbed Laken of her life. He should have either been\nin prison or deported immediately after committing his first crime of\nrobbery. This bill would ensure that thieves are detained by our\nimmigration authorities.\n  Sadly, we know from experience that some administrations willfully\nrefuse to enforce our immigration laws. This bill protects our citizens\nagainst any future administrations that want to let criminals stay in\nthe United States illegally. It allows States to sue the Federal\nGovernment if and when it refuses to detain an illegal immigrant who\nhas harmed a person in that State.\n  Over the past 4 years, a countless number of criminals have crossed\nour borders and hurt Americans. No American should be harmed by those\nwho shouldn't be here in the first place. The Laken Riley Act will\nempower the President and his administration to remove the dangerous\ncriminals that currently roam our streets and threaten our citizens'\nsafety.\n  I would like to thank my colleague Senator Britt for taking the lead\non the Laken Riley Act. Thanks to her leadership, we have supporters\nand cosponsors from both sides of the aisle backing this legislation. I\nurge my colleagues to move to and support this bill.\n  The primary role of the Federal Government is to protect its\ncitizens. We owe it to Laken Riley and others who have fallen victim to\ncrimes by illegal migrants to ensure that the Federal Government never\nfails to protect other Americans like it failed to protect them.\n  I yield the floor.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Democratic whip.\n  Mr. DURBIN. I ask unanimous consent that we begin the rollcall vote\nimmediately, the 3 o'clock rollcall.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.\n\n                             Cloture Motion\n\n  Pursuant to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the Senate the pending\ncloture motion, which the clerk will state.\n  The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:\n\n                             Cloture Motion\n\n       We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the\n     provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate,\n     do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the motion to\n     proceed to Calendar No. 1, S. 5, a bill to require the\n     Secretary of Homeland Security to take into custody aliens\n     who have been charged in the United States with theft, and\n     for other purposes.\n         John Thune, Katie Britt, Markwayne Mullin, Bernie Moreno,\n           Eric Schmitt, Jim Banks, John Curtis, Pete Ricketts,\n           Cynthia M. Lummis, Rick Scott of Florida, John Cornyn,\n           Mike Rounds, Tom Cotton, Shelley Moore Capito, Roger\n           Marshall, Dave McCormick, Tommy Tuberville.\n\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unanimous consent, the mandatory quorum\ncall has been waived.\n  The question is, Is it the sense of the Senate that debate on the\nmotion to proceed to Calendar No. 1, S. 5, a bill to require the\nSecretary of Homeland Security to take into custody aliens who have\nbeen charged in the United States with theft, and for other purposes,\nshall be brought to a close?\n  The yeas and nays are mandatory under the rule.\n  The clerk will call the roll.\n  The senior assistant legislative clerk called the roll.\n  Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Senator from New Hampshire (Ms.\nHassan), the Senator from Connecticut (Mr. Murphy), the Senator from\nWashington (Mrs. Murray), the Senator from California (Mr. Padilla),\nand the Senator from California (Mr. Schiff) are necessarily absent.\n  Mr. BARRASSO. The following Senator is necessarily absent: the\nSenator from Alaska (Ms. Murkowski).\n  Further, if present and voting: the Senator from Alaska (Ms.\nMurkowski) would have voted ``yea.''\n  The yeas and nays resulted--yeas 84, nays 9, as follows:\n\n                       [Rollcall Vote No. 1 Leg.]\n\n                                YEAS--84\n\n     Alsobrooks\n     Baldwin\n     Banks\n     Barrasso\n     Bennet\n     Blackburn\n     Blumenthal\n     Blunt Rochester\n     Boozman\n     Britt\n     Budd\n     Cantwell\n     Capito\n     Cassidy\n     Collins\n     Coons\n     Cornyn\n     Cortez Masto\n     Cotton\n     Cramer\n     Crapo\n     Cruz\n     Curtis\n     Daines\n     Duckworth\n     Durbin\n     Ernst\n     Fetterman\n     Fischer\n     Gallego\n     Gillibrand\n     Graham\n     Grassley\n     Hagerty\n     Hawley\n     Heinrich\n     Hickenlooper\n     Hoeven\n     Hyde-Smith\n     Johnson\n     Kaine\n     Kelly\n     Kennedy\n     King\n     Klobuchar\n     Lankford\n     Lee\n     Lujan\n     Lummis\n     Marshall\n     McConnell\n     McCormick\n     Moran\n     Moreno\n     Mullin\n     Ossoff\n     Paul\n     Peters\n     Reed\n     Ricketts\n     Risch\n     Rosen\n     Rounds\n     Rubio\n     Schmitt\n     Schumer\n     Scott (FL)\n     Scott (SC)\n     Shaheen\n     Sheehy\n     Slotkin\n     Sullivan\n     Thune\n     Tillis\n     Tuberville\n     Van Hollen\n     Vance\n     Warner\n     Warnock\n     Welch\n     Whitehouse\n     Wicker\n     Wyden\n     Young\n\n                                NAYS--9\n\n     Booker\n     Hirono\n     Kim\n     Markey\n     Merkley\n     Sanders\n     Schatz\n     Smith\n     Warren\n\n                             NOT VOTING--6\n\n     Hassan\n     Murkowski\n     Murphy\n     Murray\n     Padilla\n     Schiff\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this vote, the yeas are 84, the nays are 9.\n  Three-fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn having voted in\nthe affirmative, the motion is agreed to.\n  The motion was agreed to.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota.\n\n            Recognizing North Dakota State University Bison\n\n  Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. President, I rise today, along with my colleague from\nNorth Dakota, Senator Kevin Cramer, to honor the 2024 NCAA FCS national\nchampions, the North Dakota State University Bison--and, yes, it is\npronounced ``buy-zuhn.'' Anyone from Bison Nation, which is the ardent\nfan base that supports this great program, will tell you that.\n  On Monday night, the Bison finished another impressive football\nseason by winning their 10th FCS national title--correct, their 10th.\nThe Bison broke their own record for the most FCS titles of all time,\nincluding their wins in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019,\n2021, and now 2024. They have won, actually, 19. That is just 10 since\n2011. They have actually one 19 NCAA football championships.\n  The game was on national television, with more than 3 million people\nwatching as it neared its exciting conclusion. I had the opportunity\nlast night to talk to President Trump about it, and right away, he\nsaid: You guys have a great team. Senator Cramer was there as well, and\nas a matter of fact, I think Senator Cramer texted him either during or\nright after the game. I am not sure. He will tell us. But, needless to\nsay, I waited until Wednesday night to talk to the President. But he,\nright away, said: You have a great team, a great program, and of course\nwe want them back at the White House.\n  We had them there, Kevin, I think it was 5 years ago.\n  Mr. CRAMER. Yes.\n  Mr. HOEVEN. To say it was a great visit would be an understatement. I\nmean, it was unbelievable. The President took time to talk to all of\nthe football players, and he had them come to the Oval Office, and I\nthink he had a great time. It was a great experience, and so we are\nvery excited about going back and truly, truly appreciating President\nTrump's hospitality and willingness to have this great team back.\n  Also, you realize that President Trump is a real sports fan.\n  Mr. CRAMER. Yes.\n  Mr. HOEVEN. He really is. He knows about our Bison team and, of\ncourse, about everybody else's team too. He knows his sports.\n  It was a hard-fought game. I have to say it was a hard-fought game.\nWe played a truly worthy opponent, the Montana State University\nBobcats. The Bobcats actually had an unbeaten season going at that\npoint and really had steamrolled a lot of very good teams, and they are\nto be commended as well.\n  As a point of interest there, their coach, Brent Vigen, is an\noutstanding coach and a class guy. You saw that in the way he handled\nthe game. Obviously, it was very--you know, they played their hearts\nout. It was a tough\n\n[[Page S74]]\n\nloss for them, but they showed absolute class, starting with their\ncoach and their fan base and certainly the team. Actually, he was a\nplayer for the North Dakota Bison. He was a tight end on our football\nteam a number of years back and was an offensive coordinator. So he was\na coach at North Dakota State University.\n  He has turned that Montana State program around. They are a tough,\ntough program and will continue to be. He is an outstanding coach.\n  So the championship capped off a great season for the Bison. They\nended 14 and 2 and proved once again that they really are a dominant\nforce when it comes to FCS football.\n  I just want to take a minute now to recognize and congratulate the\nplayers and the coaches who are so vital to this success.\n  Quarterback Cam Miller just had an incredible game. He had an\nincredible year, but he really showed his mettle in this final game. He\nled the team. He was, of course, named the most outstanding player. He\nrushed 18 times for 121 yards. So he rushed 18 times, 121 yards, and 2\ntouchdowns, and he completed 19 of 22 passes for almost 200 yards. Now,\nthose are the kinds of stats that are just off the chart. But his\nleadership all year long and certainly in the playoffs was just\nunbelievable.\n  I also want to acknowledge Marty Brown. He is a freshman running back\nwho won the Jerry Rice Award as the freshman of the year and obviously\njust had an incredible year. It is a very prestigious award. He rushed\nfor more than 1,000 yards and scored 14 touchdowns during the year.\n  Also, I want to recognize wide receiver Bryce Lance, a tremendous\nyoung receiver. He tied the record on Monday for the most single-season\ntouchdowns in Missouri Valley Conference history, which is the\nconference that the Bison play in, and he had a total of 17 touchdowns.\n  We honor the whole team, though. It takes a team of incredible\nplayers, incredible senior leadership, a number of whom are going to be\ndrafted--no question about it. There will be high draft choices. It was\nwell-coached by Tim Polasek, who is a first-year coach. He is a former\nBison as well. He was a coach under Craig Bohl for the Bison. He came\nback, and this was his first year as head coach, so obviously it was\nexciting for him to win the title in his first year.\n  There are also some other coaches I want to mention. I specifically\nwant to mention Coach Randy Hedberg, who is a longtime friend of mine.\nHe is the quarterback's coach, and this guy is a quarterback whisperer.\nHe coached quarterbacks who are in the NFL now--Carson Wentz, who is\nwith the Chiefs; Easton Stick, who is with the Chargers; and Trey\nLance, who is with the Dallas Cowboys.\n  This guy was actually a professional quarterback himself. Amongst\nother teams, he played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In the first game\nthe Tampa Bay Buccaneers won--John McKay was the coach--in the very\nfirst game they won as an expansion team, Randy Hedberg was the\nquarterback. He has the gift.\n  So we get these great players, and we have a string of players who go\nto the NFL, and no doubt Cam Miller will as well.\n  Coach Devin Klieman, who is the son of former Bison Head Coach Chris\nKlieman, who is now at Kansas State--you know, the legacy goes on, and\nChris Klieman's son Devin is with us.\n  Carlton Littlejohn is a standout linebacker. I remember watching him\nplay.\n  Then also there is Coach Grant Olson. He is a former player, and Amy,\nhis wife, is a professional golfer. So this is an athletic family.\nThose kids are going to be something else, I will tell you that. He was\nselected to the 2025 class of the American Football Coaches\nAssociation's 35 Under 35 Coaches Leadership Institute. He did a\ntremendous job with the defense.\n  To all of them--to all of the coaches and, of course, most of all, to\nthese incredible young student athletes--they were just awesome this\nyear. They did an incredible job. So I want to congratulate all of them\nand congratulate Athletic Director Matt Larsen and another individual\nwho is a good friend of both of ours, Dave Cook, the president of the\nuniversity--a class act. Big kudos to him.\n  I have to conclude on Bison Nation. Oh, I forgot. Here are my\nposters. I will show them quickly.\n  Here they are celebrating after the big win in Frisco, TX. We kind of\nlike to refer to Frisco, TX, as Fargo South.\n  Mr. CRAMER. Yes.\n  Mr. HOEVEN. One of the high schools in Fargo is called Fargo South.\nMaybe that is how it got started. But we love Frisco. We love Frisco,\nTX. Having won 10 championships there may have something to do with it,\nbut it is a marvelous place. Here they are celebrating afterward, and\nthen here is the coach. Here is Coach Tim Polasek holding up the trophy\nthere. I think you can see Kevin Cramer in the back. Oh, I guess not. I\nguess we were here.\n  Mr. CRAMER. I was not there.\n  Mr. HOEVEN. So we weren't there, but we would have loved to have been\nthere.\n  Bison Nation really supports this team, and you can't do it without\nthat kind of fan base, although I have to tell you that the Montana\nState Bobcats were there in force, because I talked to players or I\ntalked to some of the folks who were there, some of the alumni and fans\nwho had gone to the game, and they said that Montana State really\nsupported their team well.\n  So with that, I am going to turn to my colleague Senator Cramer, who\nis going to offer some more remarks. Like I said, we are excited\nbecause our work is not done. We will continue working with the team\nand look forward to a White House visit.\n  Senator Cramer.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Ricketts). The Senator from North Dakota.\n  Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, I am going to do what I do so well and so\noften and agree with John Hoeven. How is that?\n  Mr. HOEVEN. That is good.\n  Mr. CRAMER. I won't bore you with a lot of the same information. But\nhe did set up--I think, John, you set up a perfect opportunity to dig\ninto the dynasty a little bit when you went through every year.\n  Remember, we have been in Congress every year that they won one of\nthese FCS championships. Somebody reminded me of that yesterday. So we\nhave given a lot of these speeches. I have made several in the House.\n  Webster says that a dynasty is ``a succession of rulers of the same\nline of descent''--``a succession of rulers of the same line of\ndescent.'' So when Senator Hoeven went through the names of those\ncoaches in these last 14 years, they are in the line of descent.\n  Craig Bohl, who went to Wyoming from NDSU, was the coach when NDSU\nbecame eligible for the FCS championship series.\n  Just to put a little bit more meat on that, NDSU was a Division II--\nNCAA Division II powerhouse for years, winning several national\nchampionships. They switched over to Division I and then became\neligible. They didn't become eligible to even be in the tournament\nuntil 2008. So just imagine that. They were, basically, the junior\nvarsity until 2008, when they became eligible for the playoffs. And in\n2010, they got to the quarter finals.\n  So we got these ten championships, but let's not forget, they--and\none of the other times, one of the other 4 years that they didn't win\nthe national championships, they were in the quarter finals. And 2 of\nthe years of those 4, they were in the semifinals. And the other year,\nthey were the runner-up. So what are they, then, 9 and 0 in Frisco. No\nwonder we like Fargo South.\n  I might also point to this little tidbit--and maybe the NCAA is doing\nthis to us on purpose: Next year's game and the next couple of years\nare going to be in Nashville. So Marsha and Bill are going to have to\nhost this. But, anyway, we will wait for that to happen.\n  So 10 championships since 2011. That is a dynasty. Everybody is using\nthe word ``dynasty.'' ESPN is using the word ``dynasty.'' You can't\nhelp but use the word ``dynasty.''\n  Senator Hoeven, you are correct to compliment the Bobcats. My gosh, I\nmean, the two quarterbacks in this game, Tommy Mellott from Montana\nState and Cam Miller from NDSU, played each other in the same game when\nthey were freshmen. Both of them started for their respective teams\nwhen they were freshmen, and NDSU prevailed in that game as well. But\nwhat a program and what a great group of guys that created.\n\n[[Page S75]]\n\n  One of the things that I wanted to throw out there is--by the way,\nthis poster, this is what I texted to President Trump about 30 seconds\nafter the game. NDSU posted this image on their X or their Twitter\nfeed, so I forwarded it to President Trump and said: Does this mean we\nget to come to the White House? He said yes, with an exclamation mark.\nHe loves the program. He loves the program.\n  But NDSU is a really good football program, the best football\nprogram, but there are a lot more. NDSU is a research institute. It is\na land grant university. John and I and anybody in ag country knows how\nvaluable, how important they are to our economy, to our farmers, the\nresearch that they do. They are an R-1 research university, one of the\ntop 100 research universities in the United States, with about 12,000\nstudents, about 100 majors, and, of course, graduate programs and\ndoctoral programs--all kinds of opportunities for young men and women\nwho are looking for an education and a fun place to get one.\n  So we are just so proud of North Dakota State University. We are\nproud of all of our universities, the private ones and the public ones.\nThey stand out in so many ways. But this is NDSU's day.\n  We are just honored to be able to celebrate with them in this sort of\nspecial way.\n  And I look forward to going to Nashville about a year from now and\nwatching another one, John.\n  John, he is a little more--you know, he doesn't like to set the bar\ntoo high and get disappointed. But we are almost never disappointed. So\nI am getting my tickets for Nashville.\n  With that, I yield the floor.\n  Mr. HOEVEN. Just a final comment, just so the folks can see our ties,\nbecause I really want to commend you on your outstanding choice of the\ngreen and yellow NDSU--North Dakota State University--tie.\n  I have the weak version of the tie, Mr. President. I know in\nNebraska, you understand how important agriculture is.\n  So we are proud of our school for our football teams but also because\nit is one of the leading schools of agriculture in the country, and for\nso many other reasons as well.\n  Mr. CRAMER. If I might reclaim a moment.\n  I think there are two Montana Senators who should be wearing those\nties. But, anyway, we will find them later.\n  I yield the floor.\n  Mr. HOEVEN. Thank you, Mr. President. We yield the floor.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Kansas.\n\n                   Haskell Indian Nations University\n\n  Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I rise this afternoon to address my\ncolleagues about a circumstance in Kansas and, really, in the country,\nthe pressing need for reform at Haskell Indian Nations University\nfollowing serious allegations and finding of wrongdoing by the Bureau\nof Indian Affairs and Indian Education.\n  Haskell University is a university located in Lawrence, KS. Haskell\nis the sole Tribal Nations University in the country and was\nestablished by the Department of the Interior for the purpose of\nmaintaining the Federal Government's trust responsibilities and treaty\nagreements to the Native Americans.\n  Haskell University serves as a custodian of Tribal culture, offering\nstudents the opportunity to receive tuition-free higher education in an\nenvironment that understands and prioritizes indigenous values.\n  Yet despite its critical importance, Haskell has faced significant\nchallenges. Haskell's campus, which once served as a sanctuary for\nNative American art and history, has for years been neglected by the\nBureau of Indian Education. Various buildings on campus, many which\nserve as U.S. National Historic Landmarks, are in disrepair or no\nlonger in use.\n  Many of the residential buildings on campus are not equipped with\nheating, ventilation, or air-conditioning, and the campus is not--not--\ncompliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act.\n  It is the responsibility of the Bureau of Indian Education, as\ndescribed in the Indian Education Act of 1972, to ``insure continued\nand expanded educational opportunities for Indian students.''\n  Yet the BIE has failed to maintain Haskell's infrastructure or to\nprovide a safe campus for students and employees.\n  Since 2017, I have been working to bring attention to the BIE's\nmismanagement of the university, and on multiple occasions, I have\ncalled on leadership at the Department to address the wide array of\nproblems and challenges at Haskell.\n  In 2022, serious allegations were reported to my office regarding\nimproper treatment of students and the wrongful termination of an\nemployee at Haskell Indian Nations University.\n  In response, I contacted the Director of Indian Education, urging the\nBIE to address these issues. Although the BIE, of course, assured me in\nMarch of 2023 that changes would be made to alleviate my concerns, we\ncontinued to hear and continue to hear from students and staff\nreporting the problems and reporting that those problems that were\nreported back then were not being addressed adequately.\n  In October 2023, I was informed of a confidential, on-campus\ninvestigation into the issues at Haskell. In April of 2024, a report\nwas released due to an investigation by a government watchdog Agency,\nwhich revealed serious problems, including failures to adequately\nestablish and follow policies regarding sexual assault, wrongful\ntermination of employees, and intimidation of faculty and students.\n  With these findings, I called for a systemic overhaul within BIE, but\nas has almost always been the case, the Department of the Interior\nchose to delegate the responsibilities to an Assistant Secretary and\nrefused to directly address the issues at hand.\n  Since April 2024, I have made repeated requests to meet with Deb\nHaaland, the Secretary of the Interior, to discuss these issues. Every\nattempt for a discussion was rebuffed.\n  This ongoing neglect is unacceptable. It is past time for real change\nat Haskell.\n  To address these issues, last month I released a draft piece of\nlegislation to provide a Federal charter for Haskell Indian Nations\nUniversity and to remove the Department of the Interior and the Bureau\nof Indian Education from direct oversight of the university.\n  The legislation will empower Haskell with self-governance, providing\nan organizational structure that reflects its mission, community, and\nneeds of its students.\n  The marker bill calls for the establishment of a new governing body\nat Haskell, a board of regents composed of Native American leaders,\neducators, and community members who will be directly accountable to\nthe students, staff, and to the Tribes that Haskell serves.\n  The board would manage the university's budget, make decisions\nregarding academic programming, faculty, and facilities, ensure that\nthe institution is providing a high-quality educational experience for\nstudents that attend Haskell University--an educational experience that\nthey deserve.\n  I appreciate the support from the Haskell Board of Regents, the\npresident of the board, Brittany Hall, said this:\n\n       These challenges underscore the critical need for a more\n     tailored governance model empowered by a U.S. Congressional\n     charter--one that enables the University to thrive while\n     better serving its students and communities.\n\n  By moving Haskell outside the purview of BIE, we remove the\nbureaucratic ambivalence that has hindered the university's growth and\ndamaged in significant ways its potential.\n  I would like to request that members of the Native American,\nLawrence, KS, and higher education communities submit feedback to my\noffice or to my colleague who is leading this effort in the House of\nRepresentatives, Congressman Tracey Mann, on the proposed legislation\nto ensure this bill effectively addresses key issues. We are looking\nfor comment and input.\n  The history of the Federal Government's treatment of Native Americans\nis filled with broken promises. We should not allow Haskell, a\ncornerstone of Native higher education, to become another promise we\nfail to keep.\n  The students who walk through the doors of Haskell deserve better\nthan the inefficiency and mismanagement and the neglect they have faced\nunder the current governance system.\n  I look forward to working with all stakeholders to refine the draft\nlegislation and request my colleagues join me\n\n[[Page S76]]\n\nin my efforts to secure a prosperous future for Haskell University.\n  I yield the floor.\n  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority leader.\n\n                          ____________________"]], "columns": ["granule_id", "date", "congress", "session", "volume", "issue", "title", "chamber", "granule_class", "sub_granule_class", "page_start", "page_end", "speakers", "bills", "citation", "full_text"], "primary_keys": ["granule_id"], "primary_key_values": ["CREC-2025-01-09-pt1-PgS69-6"], "units": {}, "query_ms": 5.504708969965577, "source": "Federal Register API & Regulations.gov API", "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/developers/api/v1", "license": "Public Domain (U.S. Government data)", "license_url": "https://www.regulations.gov/faq"}