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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.1 Applicability. | FAA | [Docket 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by Amdt. 91-257, 64 FR 1079, Jan. 7, 1999; Amdt. 91-282, 69 FR 44880, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 91-297, 72 FR 63410, Nov. 8, 2007; Amdt. 91-314, 75 FR 30193, May 28, 2010; Docket FAA-2015-0150, Amdt. 91-343, 81 FR 42208, June 28, 2016; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 91-379, 89 FR 92485, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (e), and (f) of this section and §§ 91.701 and 91.703, this part prescribes rules governing the operation of aircraft within the United States, including the waters within 3 nautical miles of the U.S. coast. (b) Each person operating an aircraft in the airspace overlying the waters between 3 and 12 nautical miles from the coast of the United States must comply with §§ 91.1 through 91.21; §§ 91.101 through 91.143; §§ 91.151 through 91.159; §§ 91.167 through 91.193; § 91.203; § 91.205; §§ 91.209 through 91.217; § 91.221, § 91.225; §§ 91.303 through 91.319; §§ 91.323 through 91.327; § 91.605; § 91.609; §§ 91.703 through 91.715; and § 91.903. (c) This part applies to each person on board an aircraft being operated under this part, unless otherwise specified. (d) This part also establishes requirements for operators to take actions to support the continued airworthiness of each aircraft. (e) This part does not apply to any aircraft or vehicle governed by part 103 of this chapter, or subparts B, C, or D of part 101 of this chapter. (f) Except as provided in §§ 107.13, 107.27, 107.47, 107.57, and 107.59 of this chapter, this part does not apply to any aircraft governed by part 107 of this chapter. (g) Additional requirements for powered-lift operations are set forth in part 194 of this chapter. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.10 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.19 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances. | FAA | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, no person may operate a civil aircraft within the United States with knowledge that narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances as defined in Federal or State statutes are carried in the aircraft. (b) Paragraph (a) of this section does not apply to any carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances authorized by or under any Federal or State statute or by any Federal or State agency. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.11 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.21 Portable electronic devices. | FAA | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, no person may operate, nor may any operator or pilot in command of an aircraft allow the operation of, any portable electronic device on any of the following U.S.-registered civil aircraft: (1) Aircraft operated by a holder of an air carrier operating certificate or an operating certificate; or (2) Any other aircraft while it is operated under IFR. (b) Paragraph (a) of this section does not apply to— (1) Portable voice recorders; (2) Hearing aids; (3) Heart pacemakers; (4) Electric shavers; or (5) Any other portable electronic device that the operator of the aircraft has determined will not cause interference with the navigation or communication system of the aircraft on which it is to be used. (c) In the case of an aircraft operated by a holder of an air carrier operating certificate or an operating certificate, the determination required by paragraph (b)(5) of this section shall be made by that operator of the aircraft on which the particular device is to be used. In the case of other aircraft, the determination may be made by the pilot in command or other operator of the aircraft. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.12 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.23 Truth-in-leasing clause requirement in leases and conditional sales contracts. | FAA | [Docket 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by Amdt. 91-212, 54 FR 39293, Sept. 25, 1989; Amdt. 91-253, 62 FR 13253, Mar. 19, 1997; Amdt. 91-267, 66 FR 21066, Apr. 27, 2001; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the parties to a lease or contract of conditional sale involving a U.S.-registered large civil aircraft and entered into after January 2, 1973, shall execute a written lease or contract and include therein a written truth-in-leasing clause as a concluding paragraph in large print, immediately preceding the space for the signature of the parties, which contains the following with respect to each such aircraft: (1) Identification of the Federal Aviation Regulations under which the aircraft has been maintained and inspected during the 12 months preceding the execution of the lease or contract of conditional sale, and certification by the parties thereto regarding the aircraft's status of compliance with applicable maintenance and inspection requirements in this part for the operation to be conducted under the lease or contract of conditional sale. (2) The name and address (printed or typed) and the signature of the person responsible for operational control of the aircraft under the lease or contract of conditional sale, and certification that each person understands that person's responsibilities for compliance with applicable Federal Aviation Regulations. (3) A statement that an explanation of factors bearing on operational control and pertinent Federal Aviation Regulations can be obtained from the responsible Flight Standards office. (b) The requirements of paragraph (a) of this section do not apply— (1) To a lease or contract of conditional sale when— (i) The party to whom the aircraft is furnished is a foreign air carrier or certificate holder under part 121, 125, 135, or 141 of this chapter, or (ii) The party furnishing the aircraft is a foreign air carrier or a person operating under part 121, 125, and 141 of this chapter, or a person operating under part 135 of this chapter having authority to engage in on-demand operations with large aircraft. (2) To a contract of conditional sale, when the aircraft involved has not been registered anywhere pr… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.13 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.25 Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against use of reports for enforcement purposes. | FAA | The Administrator of the FAA will not use reports submitted to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Aviation Safety Reporting Program (or information derived therefrom) in any enforcement action except information concerning accidents or criminal offenses which are wholly excluded from the Program. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.14 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | §§ 91.27-91.99 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.3 Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command. | FAA | (a) The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft. (b) In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency. (c) Each pilot in command who deviates from a rule under paragraph (b) of this section shall, upon the request of the Administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the Administrator. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.5 Pilot in command of aircraft requiring more than one required pilot. | FAA | No person may operate an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember unless the pilot in command meets the requirements of § 61.58 of this chapter. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.7 Civil aircraft airworthiness. | FAA | (a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. (b) The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is responsible for determining whether that aircraft is in condition for safe flight. The pilot in command shall discontinue the flight when unairworthy mechanical, electrical, or structural conditions occur. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.9 Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements. | FAA | [Docket 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by ; Docket FAA-2022-1355, Amdt. 91-366, 87 FR 75846, Dec. 9, 2022] | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, no person may operate a civil aircraft without complying with the operating limitations specified in the approved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual, markings, and placards, or as otherwise prescribed by the certificating authority of the country of registry. (b) No person may operate a U.S.-registered civil aircraft— (1) For which an Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual is required by § 21.5 of this chapter unless there is available in the aircraft a current, approved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual or the manual provided for in § 121.141(b); and (2) For which an Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual is not required by § 21.5 of this chapter, unless there is available in the aircraft a current approved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual, approved manual material, markings, and placards, or any combination thereof. (c) No person may operate a U.S.-registered civil aircraft unless that aircraft is identified in accordance with part 45 or 48of this chapter. (d) Any person taking off or landing a helicopter certificated under part 29 of this chapter at a heliport constructed over water may make such momentary flight as is necessary for takeoff or landing through the prohibited range of the limiting height-speed envelope established for the helicopter if that flight through the prohibited range takes place over water on which a safe ditching can be accomplished and if the helicopter is amphibious or is equipped with floats or other emergency flotation gear adequate to accomplish a safe emergency ditching on open water. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.6 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.11 Prohibition on interference with crewmembers. | FAA | No person may assault, threaten, intimidate, or interfere with a crewmember in the performance of the crewmember's duties aboard an aircraft being operated. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.7 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.13 Careless or reckless operation. | FAA | (a) Aircraft operations for the purpose of air navigation. No person may operate an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another. (b) Aircraft operations other than for the purpose of air navigation. No person may operate an aircraft, other than for the purpose of air navigation, on any part of the surface of an airport used by aircraft for air commerce (including areas used by those aircraft for receiving or discharging persons or cargo), in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.8 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.15 Dropping objects. | FAA | No pilot in command of a civil aircraft may allow any object to be dropped from that aircraft in flight that creates a hazard to persons or property. However, this section does not prohibit the dropping of any object if reasonable precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage to persons or property. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.1.4.9 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | A | Subpart A—General | § 91.17 Alcohol or drugs. | FAA | [Docket 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by Amdt. 91-291, June 21, 2006] | (a) No person may act or attempt to act as a crewmember of a civil aircraft— (1) Within 8 hours after the consumption of any alcoholic beverage; (2) While under the influence of alcohol; (3) While using any drug that affects the person's faculties in any way contrary to safety; or (4) While having an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or greater in a blood or breath specimen. Alcohol concentration means grams of alcohol per deciliter of blood or grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath. (b) Except in an emergency, no pilot of a civil aircraft may allow a person who appears to be intoxicated or who demonstrates by manner or physical indications that the individual is under the influence of drugs (except a medical patient under proper care) to be carried in that aircraft. (c) A crewmember shall do the following: (1) On request of a law enforcement officer, submit to a test to indicate the alcohol concentration in the blood or breath, when— (i) The law enforcement officer is authorized under State or local law to conduct the test or to have the test conducted; and (ii) The law enforcement officer is requesting submission to the test to investigate a suspected violation of State or local law governing the same or substantially similar conduct prohibited by paragraph (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(4) of this section. (2) Whenever the FAA has a reasonable basis to believe that a person may have violated paragraph (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(4) of this section, on request of the FAA, that person must furnish to the FAA the results, or authorize any clinic, hospital, or doctor, or other person to release to the FAA, the results of each test taken within 4 hours after acting or attempting to act as a crewmember that indicates an alcohol concentration in the blood or breath specimen. (d) Whenever the Administrator has a reasonable basis to believe that a person may have violated paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that person shall, upon request by the Administrator, furnish the Administrator, or authorize any clinic, hospital, do… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.10.7.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | J | Subpart J—Waivers | § 91.901 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.10.7.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | J | Subpart J—Waivers | § 91.903 Policy and procedures. | FAA | [Docket 18334, 54 FR 34325, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 91-379, 89 FR 92486, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) The Administrator may issue a certificate of waiver authorizing the operation of aircraft in deviation from any rule listed in this subpart or any rule listed in this subpart as modified by subpart C of part 194 of this chapter if the Administrator finds that the proposed operation can be safely conducted under the terms of that certificate of waiver. (b) An application for a certificate of waiver under this part is made on a form and in a manner prescribed by the Administrator and may be submitted to any FAA office. (c) A certificate of waiver is effective as specified in that certificate of waiver. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.10.7.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | J | Subpart J—Waivers | § 91.905 List of rules subject to waivers. | FAA | [Docket 18334, 54 FR 34325, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by Amdt. 91-227, 56 FR 65661, Dec. 17, 1991; Docket FAA-2013-0485, Amdt. 91-345, 81 FR 90175, Dec. 13, 2016; Docket FAA-2016-9154, Amdt. 91-348, 82 FR 39664, Aug. 22, 2017] | Sec. 91.107 Use of safety belts. 91.111 Operating near other aircraft. 91.113 Right-of-way rules: Except water operations. 91.115 Right-of-way rules: Water operations. 91.117 Aircraft speed. 91.119 Minimum safe altitudes: General. 91.121 Altimeter settings. 91.123 Compliance with ATC clearances and instructions. 91.125 ATC light signals. 91.126 Operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class G airspace. 91.127 Operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class E airspace. 91.129 Operations in Class D airspace. 91.130 Operations in Class C airspace. 91.131 Operations in Class B airspace. 91.133 Restricted and prohibited areas. 91.135 Operations in Class A airspace. 91.137 Temporary flight restrictions. 91.141 Flight restrictions in the proximity of the Presidential and other parties. 91.143 Flight limitation in the proximity of space flight operations. 91.153 VFR flight plan: Information required. 91.155 Basic VFR weather minimums 91.157 Special VFR weather minimums. 91.159 VFR cruising altitude or flight level. 91.169 IFR flight plan: Information required. 91.173 ATC clearance and flight plan required. 91.175 Takeoff and landing under IFR. 91.176 Operations below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFR. 91.177 Minimum altitudes for IFR operations. 91.179 IFR cruising altitude or flight level. 91.181 Course to be flown. 91.183 IFR radio communications. 91.185 IFR operations: Two-way radio communications failure. 91.187 Operation under IFR in controlled airspace: Malfunction reports. 91.209 Aircraft lights. 91.303 Aerobatic flights. 91.305 Flight test areas. 91.311 Towing: Other than under § 91.309. 91.313(e) Restricted category civil aircraft: Operating limitations. 91.515 Flight altitude rules. 91.707 Flights between Mexico or Canada and the United States. 91.713 Operation of civil aircraft of Cuban registry. Sec. 91.… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.10.7.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | J | Subpart J—Waivers | §§ 91.907-91.999 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.7.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1001 Applicability. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2022-1355, Amdt. 91-366, 87 FR 75846, Dec. 9, 2022] | (a) This subpart prescribes rules, in addition to those prescribed in other subparts of this part, that apply to fractional owners and fractional ownership program managers governing— (1) The provision of program management services in a fractional ownership program; (2) The operation of a fractional ownership program aircraft in a fractional ownership program; and (3) The operation of a program aircraft included in a fractional ownership program managed by an affiliate of the manager of the program to which the owner belongs. (b) As used in this part— (1) Affiliate of a program manager means a manager that, directly, or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, another program manager. The holding of at least forty percent (40 percent) of the equity and forty percent (40 percent) of the voting power of an entity will be presumed to constitute control for purposes of determining an affiliation under this subpart. (2) A dry-lease aircraft exchange means an arrangement, documented by the written program agreements, under which the program aircraft are available, on an as needed basis without crew, to each fractional owner. (3) A fractional owner or owner means an individual or entity that possesses a minimum fractional ownership interest in a program aircraft and that has entered into the applicable program agreements; provided, however, that in the case of the flight operations described in paragraph (b)(6)(ii) of this section, and solely for purposes of requirements pertaining to those flight operations, the fractional owner operating the aircraft will be deemed to be a fractional owner in the program managed by the affiliate. (4) A fractional ownership interest means the ownership of an interest or holding of a multi-year leasehold interest and/or a multi-year leasehold interest that is convertible into an ownership interest in a program aircraft. (5) A fractional ownership program or program means any system of aircraft owners… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.7.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1002 Compliance date. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003; 69 FR 74413, Dec. 14, 2004] | No person that conducted flights before November 17, 2003 under a program that meets the definition of fractional ownership program in § 91.1001 may conduct such flights after February 17, 2005 unless it has obtained management specifications under this subpart. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.7.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1003 Management contract between owner and program manager. | FAA | Each owner must have a contract with the program manager that— (a) Requires the program manager to ensure that the program conforms to all applicable requirements of this chapter. (b) Provides the owner the right to inspect and to audit, or have a designee of the owner inspect and audit, the records of the program manager pertaining to the operational safety of the program and those records required to show compliance with the management specifications and all applicable regulations. These records include, but are not limited to, the management specifications, authorizations, approvals, manuals, log books, and maintenance records maintained by the program manager. (c) Designates the program manager as the owner's agent to receive service of notices pertaining to the program that the FAA seeks to provide to owners and authorizes the FAA to send such notices to the program manager in its capacity as the agent of the owner for such service. (d) Acknowledges the FAA's right to contact the owner directly if the Administrator determines that direct contact is necessary. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.7.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1005 Prohibitions and limitations. | FAA | (a) Except as provided in § 91.321 or § 91.501, no owner may carry persons or property for compensation or hire on a program flight. (b) During the term of the multi-year program agreements under which a fractional owner has obtained a minimum fractional ownership interest in a program aircraft, the flight hours used during that term by the owner on program aircraft must not exceed the total hours associated with the fractional owner's share of ownership. (c) No person may sell or lease an aircraft interest in a fractional ownership program that is smaller than that prescribed in the definition of “minimum fractional ownership interest” in § 91.1001(b)(10) unless flights associated with that interest are operated under part 121 or 135 of this chapter and are conducted by an air carrier or commercial operator certificated under part 119 of this chapter. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.7.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1007 Flights conducted under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter. | FAA | (a) Except as provided in § 91.501(b), when a nonprogram aircraft is used to substitute for a program flight, the flight must be operated in compliance with part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, as applicable. (b) A program manager who holds a certificate under part 119 of this chapter may conduct a flight for the use of a fractional owner under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter if the aircraft is listed on that certificate holder's operations specifications for part 121 or part 135, as applicable. (c) The fractional owner must be informed when a flight is being conducted as a program flight or is being conducted under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.7.6 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1009 Clarification of operational control. | FAA | (a) An owner is in operational control of a program flight when the owner— (1) Has the rights and is subject to the limitations set forth in §§ 91.1003 through 91.1013; (2) Has directed that a program aircraft carry passengers or property designated by that owner; and (3) The aircraft is carrying those passengers or property. (b) An owner is not in operational control of a flight in the following circumstances: (1) A program aircraft is used for a flight for administrative purposes such as demonstration, positioning, ferrying, maintenance, or crew training, and no passengers or property designated by such owner are being carried; or (2) The aircraft being used for the flight is being operated under part 121 or 135 of this chapter. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.7.7 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1011 Operational control responsibilities and delegation. | FAA | (a) Each owner in operational control of a program flight is ultimately responsible for safe operations and for complying with all applicable requirements of this chapter, including those related to airworthiness and operations in connection with the flight. Each owner may delegate some or all of the performance of the tasks associated with carrying out this responsibility to the program manager, and may rely on the program manager for aviation expertise and program management services. When the owner delegates performance of tasks to the program manager or relies on the program manager's expertise, the owner and the program manager are jointly and individually responsible for compliance. (b) The management specifications, authorizations, and approvals required by this subpart are issued to, and in the sole name of, the program manager on behalf of the fractional owners collectively. The management specifications, authorizations, and approvals will not be affected by any change in ownership of a program aircraft, as long as the aircraft remains a program aircraft in the identified program. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.7.8 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1013 Operational control briefing and acknowledgment. | FAA | (a) Upon the signing of an initial program management services contract, or a renewal or extension of a program management services contract, the program manager must brief the fractional owner on the owner's operational control responsibilities, and the owner must review and sign an acknowledgment of these operational control responsibilities. The acknowledgment must be included with the program management services contract. The acknowledgment must define when a fractional owner is in operational control and the owner's responsibilities and liabilities under the program. These include: (1) Responsibility for compliance with the management specifications and all applicable regulations. (2) Enforcement actions for any noncompliance. (3) Liability risk in the event of a flight-related occurrence that causes personal injury or property damage. (b) The fractional owner's signature on the acknowledgment will serve as the owner's affirmation that the owner has read, understands, and accepts the operational control responsibilities described in the acknowledgment. (c) Each program manager must ensure that the fractional owner or owner's representatives have access to the acknowledgments for such owner's program aircraft. Each program manager must ensure that the FAA has access to the acknowledgments for all program aircraft. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.10 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1015 Management specifications. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018; Amdt. 60-6, 83 FR 30282, June 27, 2018; Docket FAA-2022-1563, Amdt. 91-370, 88 FR 48087, July 26, 2023] | (a) Each person conducting operations under this subpart or furnishing fractional ownership program management services to fractional owners must do so in accordance with management specifications issued by the Administrator to the fractional ownership program manager under this subpart. Management specifications must include: (1) The current list of all fractional owners and types of aircraft, registration markings and serial numbers; (2) The authorizations, limitations, and certain procedures under which these operations are to be conducted, (3) Certain other procedures under which each class and size of aircraft is to be operated; (4) Authorization for an inspection program approved under § 91.1109, including the type of aircraft, the registration markings and serial numbers of each aircraft to be operated under the program. No person may conduct any program flight using any aircraft not listed. (5) Time limitations, or standards for determining time limitations, for overhauls, inspections, and checks for airframes, engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, and emergency equipment of aircraft. (6) The specific location of the program manager's principal base of operations and, if different, the address that will serve as the primary point of contact for correspondence between the FAA and the program manager and the name and mailing address of the program manager's agent for service; (7) Other business names the program manager may use; (8) Authorization for the method of controlling weight and balance of aircraft; (9) Any authorized deviation and exemption that applies to the person conducting operations under this subpart; and (10) Any other information the Administrator determines is necessary. (b) The program manager may keep the current list of all fractional owners required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section at its principal base of operation or other location approved by the Administrator and referenced in its management specifications. Each program manager shall make this list of owners avail… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.11 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1017 Amending program manager's management specifications. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) The Administrator may amend any management specifications issued under this subpart if— (1) The Administrator determines that safety and the public interest require the amendment of any management specifications; or (2) The program manager applies for the amendment of any management specifications, and the Administrator determines that safety and the public interest allows the amendment. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, when the Administrator initiates an amendment of a program manager's management specifications, the following procedure applies: (1) The Flight Standards office that issued the program manager's management specifications will notify the program manager in writing of the proposed amendment. (2) The Flight Standards office that issued the program manager's management specifications will set a reasonable period (but not less than 7 days) within which the program manager may submit written information, views, and arguments on the amendment. (3) After considering all material presented, the Flight Standards office that issued the program manager's management specifications will notify the program manager of— (i) The adoption of the proposed amendment, (ii) The partial adoption of the proposed amendment, or (iii) The withdrawal of the proposed amendment. (4) If the Flight Standards office that issued the program manager's management specifications issues an amendment of the management specifications, it becomes effective not less than 30 days after the program manager receives notice of it unless— (i) The Flight Standards office that issued the program manager's management specifications finds under paragraph (e) of this section that there is an emergency requiring immediate action with respect to safety; or (ii) The program manager petitions for reconsideration of the amendment under paragraph (d) of this section. (c) When the program manager applies for an amendment to its management specifications, the following procedure applies: (1) The program manager must… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.12 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1019 Conducting tests and inspections. | FAA | (a) At any time or place, the Administrator may conduct an inspection or test, other than an en route inspection, to determine whether a program manager under this subpart is complying with title 49 of the United States Code, applicable regulations, and the program manager's management specifications. (b) The program manager must— (1) Make available to the Administrator at the program manager's principal base of operations, or at a place approved by the Administrator, the program manager's management specifications; and (2) Allow the Administrator to make any test or inspection, other than an en route inspection, to determine compliance respecting any matter stated in paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Each employee of, or person used by, the program manager who is responsible for maintaining the program manager's records required by or necessary to demonstrate compliance with this subpart must make those records available to the Administrator. (d) The Administrator may determine a program manager's continued eligibility to hold its management specifications on any grounds listed in paragraph (a) of this section, or any other appropriate grounds. (e) Failure by any program manager to make available to the Administrator upon request, the management specifications, or any required record, document, or report is grounds for suspension of all or any part of the program manager's management specifications. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.13 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1021 Internal safety reporting and incident/accident response. | FAA | (a) Each program manager must establish an internal anonymous safety reporting procedure that fosters an environment of safety without any potential for retribution for filing the report. (b) Each program manager must establish procedures to respond to an aviation incident/accident. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.14 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1023 Program operating manual requirements. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2022-0912, Amdt. 91-368, 88 FR 34443, May 30, 2023] | (a) Each program manager must prepare and keep current a program operating manual setting forth procedures and policies acceptable to the Administrator. The program manager's management, flight, ground, and maintenance personnel must use this manual to conduct operations under this subpart. However, the Administrator may authorize a deviation from this paragraph if the Administrator finds that, because of the limited size of the operation, part of the manual is not necessary for guidance of management, flight, ground, or maintenance personnel. (b) Each program manager must maintain at least one copy of the manual at its principal base of operations. (c) No manual may be contrary to any applicable U.S. regulations, foreign regulations applicable to the program flights in foreign countries, or the program manager's management specifications. (d) The program manager must make a copy of the manual, or appropriate portions of the manual (and changes and additions), available to its maintenance and ground operations personnel and must furnish the manual to— (1) Its crewmembers; and (2) Representatives of the Administrator assigned to the program manager. (e) Each employee of the program manager to whom a manual or appropriate portions of it are furnished under paragraph (d)(1) of this section must keep it up-to-date with the changes and additions furnished to them. (f) The program manager must ensure the appropriate parts of the manual are accessible to flight, ground, and maintenance personnel at all times when such personnel are performing their assigned duties. (g) The information and instructions contained in the manual must be displayed clearly and be retrievable in the English language. (h) Program managers that are also certificated to operate under part 121 or 135 of this chapter may be authorized to use the operating manual required by those parts to meet the manual requirements of subpart K, provided: (1) The policies and procedures are consistent for both operations, or (2) When policies and proce… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.15 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1025 Program operating manual contents. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2022-0912, Amdt. 91-368, 88 FR 34443, May 30, 2023] | Each program operating manual accessed in paper format must display the date of last revision on each page. Each program operating manual accessed in electronic format must display the date of last revision in a manner in which a person can immediately ascertain it. Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, the manual must include the following: (a) Procedures for ensuring compliance with aircraft weight and balance limitations; (b) Copies of the program manager's management specifications or appropriate extracted information, including area of operations authorized, category and class of aircraft authorized, crew complements, and types of operations authorized; (c) Procedures for complying with accident notification requirements; (d) Procedures for ensuring that the pilot in command knows that required airworthiness inspections have been made and that the aircraft has been approved for return to service in compliance with applicable maintenance requirements; (e) Procedures for reporting and recording mechanical irregularities that come to the attention of the pilot in command before, during, and after completion of a flight; (f) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command for determining that mechanical irregularities or defects reported for previous flights have been corrected or that correction of certain mechanical irregularities or defects have been deferred; (g) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command to obtain maintenance, preventive maintenance, and servicing of the aircraft at a place where previous arrangements have not been made by the program manager or owner, when the pilot is authorized to so act for the operator; (h) Procedures under § 91.213 for the release of, and continuation of flight if any item of equipment required for the particular type of operation becomes inoperative or unserviceable en route; (i) Procedures for refueling aircraft, eliminating fuel contamination, protecting from fire (including electrostatic protection), and supervising and protecting pas… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.16 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1027 Recordkeeping. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2016-9154, Amdt. 91-348, 82 FR 39664, Aug. 22, 2017] | (a) Each program manager must keep at its principal base of operations or at other places approved by the Administrator, and must make available for inspection by the Administrator all of the following: (1) The program manager's management specifications. (2) A current list of the aircraft used or available for use in operations under this subpart, the operations for which each is equipped (for example, RNP5/10, RVSM.). (3) An individual record of each pilot used in operations under this subpart, including the following information: (i) The full name of the pilot. (ii) The pilot certificate (by type and number) and ratings that the pilot holds. (iii) The pilot's aeronautical experience in sufficient detail to determine the pilot's qualifications to pilot aircraft in operations under this subpart. (iv) The pilot's current duties and the date of the pilot's assignment to those duties. (v) The effective date and class of the medical certificate that the pilot holds. (vi) The date and result of each of the initial and recurrent competency tests and proficiency checks required by this subpart and the type of aircraft flown during that test or check. (vii) The pilot's flight time in sufficient detail to determine compliance with the flight time limitations of this subpart. (viii) The pilot's check pilot authorization, if any. (ix) Any action taken concerning the pilot's release from employment for physical or professional disqualification; and (x) The date of the satisfactory completion of initial, transition, upgrade, and differences training and each recurrent training phase required by this subpart. (4) An individual record for each flight attendant used in operations under this subpart, including the following information: (i) The full name of the flight attendant, and (ii) The date and result of training required by § 91.1063, as applicable. (5) A current list of all fractional owners and associated aircraft. This list or a reference to its location must be included in the management specification… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.17 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1029 Flight scheduling and locating requirements. | FAA | (a) Each program manager must establish and use an adequate system to schedule and release program aircraft. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, each program manager must have adequate procedures established for locating each flight, for which a flight plan is not filed, that— (1) Provide the program manager with at least the information required to be included in a VFR flight plan; (2) Provide for timely notification of an FAA facility or search and rescue facility, if an aircraft is overdue or missing; and (3) Provide the program manager with the location, date, and estimated time for reestablishing radio or telephone communications, if the flight will operate in an area where communications cannot be maintained. (c) Flight locating information must be retained at the program manager's principal base of operations, or at other places designated by the program manager in the flight locating procedures, until the completion of the flight. (d) The flight locating requirements of paragraph (b) of this section do not apply to a flight for which an FAA flight plan has been filed and the flight plan is canceled within 25 nautical miles of the destination airport. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.18 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1031 Pilot in command or second in command: Designation required. | FAA | (a) Each program manager must designate a— (1) Pilot in command for each program flight; and (2) Second in command for each program flight requiring two pilots. (b) The pilot in command, as designated by the program manager, must remain the pilot in command at all times during that flight. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.19 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1033 Operating information required. | FAA | (a) Each program manager must, for all program operations, provide the following materials, in current and appropriate form, accessible to the pilot at the pilot station, and the pilot must use them— (1) A cockpit checklist; (2) For multiengine aircraft or for aircraft with retractable landing gear, an emergency cockpit checklist containing the procedures required by paragraph (c) of this section, as appropriate; (3) At least one set of pertinent aeronautical charts; and (4) For IFR operations, at least one set of pertinent navigational en route, terminal area, and instrument approach procedure charts. (b) Each cockpit checklist required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section must contain the following procedures: (1) Before starting engines; (2) Before takeoff; (3) Cruise; (4) Before landing; (5) After landing; and (6) Stopping engines. (c) Each emergency cockpit checklist required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section must contain the following procedures, as appropriate: (1) Emergency operation of fuel, hydraulic, electrical, and mechanical systems. (2) Emergency operation of instruments and controls. (3) Engine inoperative procedures. (4) Any other emergency procedures necessary for safety. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.20 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1035 Passenger awareness. | FAA | (a) Prior to each takeoff, the pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers on a program flight must ensure that all passengers have been orally briefed on— (1) Smoking: Each passenger must be briefed on when, where, and under what conditions smoking is prohibited. This briefing must include a statement, as appropriate, that the regulations require passenger compliance with lighted passenger information signs and no smoking placards, prohibit smoking in lavatories, and require compliance with crewmember instructions with regard to these items; (2) Use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, and child restraint systems: Each passenger must be briefed on when, where and under what conditions it is necessary to have his or her safety belt and, if installed, his or her shoulder harness fastened about him or her, and if a child is being transported, the appropriate use of child restraint systems, if available. This briefing must include a statement, as appropriate, that the regulations require passenger compliance with the lighted passenger information sign and/or crewmember instructions with regard to these items; (3) The placement of seat backs in an upright position before takeoff and landing; (4) Location and means for opening the passenger entry door and emergency exits; (5) Location of survival equipment; (6) Ditching procedures and the use of flotation equipment required under § 91.509 for a flight over water; (7) The normal and emergency use of oxygen installed in the aircraft; and (8) Location and operation of fire extinguishers. (b) Prior to each takeoff, the pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers on a program flight must ensure that each person who may need the assistance of another person to move expeditiously to an exit if an emergency occurs and that person's attendant, if any, has received a briefing as to the procedures to be followed if an evacuation occurs. This paragraph does not apply to a person who has been given a briefing before a previous leg of that flight in the… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.21 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1037 Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered; Limitations; Destination and alternate airports. | FAA | (a) No program manager or any other person may permit a turbine engine powered large transport category airplane on a program flight to take off that airplane at a weight that (allowing for normal consumption of fuel and oil in flight to the destination or alternate airport) the weight of the airplane on arrival would exceed the landing weight in the Airplane Flight Manual for the elevation of the destination or alternate airport and the ambient temperature expected at the time of landing. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no program manager or any other person may permit a turbine engine powered large transport category airplane on a program flight to take off that airplane unless its weight on arrival, allowing for normal consumption of fuel and oil in flight (in accordance with the landing distance in the Airplane Flight Manual for the elevation of the destination airport and the wind conditions expected there at the time of landing), would allow a full stop landing at the intended destination airport within 60 percent of the effective length of each runway described below from a point 50 feet above the intersection of the obstruction clearance plane and the runway. For the purpose of determining the allowable landing weight at the destination airport, the following is assumed: (1) The airplane is landed on the most favorable runway and in the most favorable direction, in still air. (2) The airplane is landed on the most suitable runway considering the probable wind velocity and direction and the ground handling characteristics of that airplane, and considering other conditions such as landing aids and terrain. (c) A program manager or other person flying a turbine engine powered large transport category airplane on a program flight may permit that airplane to take off at a weight in excess of that allowed by paragraph (b) of this section if all of the following conditions exist: (1) The operation is conducted in accordance with an approved Destination Airport Analysis in that perso… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.22 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1039 IFR takeoff, approach and landing minimums. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2013-0485, Amdt. 91-345, 81 FR 90175, Dec. 13, 2016] | (a) No pilot on a program aircraft operating a program flight may begin an instrument approach procedure to an airport unless— (1) Either that airport or the alternate airport has a weather reporting facility operated by the U.S. National Weather Service, a source approved by the U.S. National Weather Service, or a source approved by the Administrator; and (2) The latest weather report issued by the weather reporting facility includes a current local altimeter setting for the destination airport. If no local altimeter setting is available at the destination airport, the pilot must obtain the current local altimeter setting from a source provided by the facility designated on the approach chart for the destination airport. (b) For flight planning purposes, if the destination airport does not have a weather reporting facility described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the pilot must designate as an alternate an airport that has a weather reporting facility meeting that criteria. (c) The MDA or Decision Altitude and visibility landing minimums prescribed in part 97 of this chapter or in the program manager's management specifications are increased by 100 feet and 1/2 mile respectively, but not to exceed the ceiling and visibility minimums for that airport when used as an alternate airport, for each pilot in command of a turbine-powered aircraft who has not served at least 100 hours as pilot in command in that type of aircraft. (d) No person may take off an aircraft under IFR from an airport where weather conditions are at or above takeoff minimums but are below authorized IFR landing minimums unless there is an alternate airport within one hour's flying time (at normal cruising speed, in still air) of the airport of departure. (e) Except as provided in § 91.176 of this chapter, each pilot making an IFR takeoff or approach and landing at an airport must comply with applicable instrument approach procedures and takeoff and landing weather minimums prescribed by the authority having jurisdiction over the a… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.23 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1041 Aircraft proving and validation tests. | FAA | (a) No program manager may permit the operation of an aircraft, other than a turbojet aircraft, for which two pilots are required by the type certification requirements of this chapter for operations under VFR, if it has not previously proved such an aircraft in operations under this part in at least 25 hours of proving tests acceptable to the Administrator including— (1) Five hours of night time, if night flights are to be authorized; (2) Five instrument approach procedures under simulated or actual conditions, if IFR flights are to be authorized; and (3) Entry into a representative number of en route airports as determined by the Administrator. (b) No program manager may permit the operation of a turbojet airplane if it has not previously proved a turbojet airplane in operations under this part in at least 25 hours of proving tests acceptable to the Administrator including— (1) Five hours of night time, if night flights are to be authorized; (2) Five instrument approach procedures under simulated or actual conditions, if IFR flights are to be authorized; and (3) Entry into a representative number of en route airports as determined by the Administrator. (c) No program manager may carry passengers in an aircraft during proving tests, except those needed to make the tests and those designated by the Administrator to observe the tests. However, pilot flight training may be conducted during the proving tests. (d) Validation testing is required to determine that a program manager is capable of conducting operations safely and in compliance with applicable regulatory standards. Validation tests are required for the following authorizations: (1) The addition of an aircraft for which two pilots are required for operations under VFR or a turbojet airplane, if that aircraft or an aircraft of the same make or similar design has not been previously proved or validated in operations under this part. (2) Operations outside U.S. airspace. (3) Class II navigation authorizations. (4) Special performance or operation… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.24 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1043 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.25 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1045 Additional equipment requirements. | FAA | No person may operate a program aircraft on a program flight unless the aircraft is equipped with the following— (a) Airplanes having a passenger-seat configuration of more than 30 seats or a payload capacity of more than 7,500 pounds: (1) A cockpit voice recorder as required by § 121.359 of this chapter as applicable to the aircraft specified in that section. (2) A flight recorder as required by § 121.343 or § 121.344 of this chapter as applicable to the aircraft specified in that section. (3) A terrain awareness and warning system as required by § 121.354 of this chapter as applicable to the aircraft specified in that section. (4) A traffic alert and collision avoidance system as required by § 121.356 of this chapter as applicable to the aircraft specified in that section. (5) Airborne weather radar as required by § 121.357 of this chapter, as applicable to the aircraft specified in that section. (b) Airplanes having a passenger-seat configuration of 30 seats or fewer, excluding each crewmember, and a payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or less, and any rotorcraft (as applicable): (1) A cockpit voice recorder as required by § 135.151 of this chapter as applicable to the aircraft specified in that section. (2) A flight recorder as required by § 135.152 of this chapter as applicable to the aircraft specified in that section. (3) A terrain awareness and warning system as required by § 135.154 of this chapter as applicable to the aircraft specified in that section. (4) A traffic alert and collision avoidance system as required by § 135.180 of this chapter as applicable to the aircraft specified in that section. (5) As applicable to the aircraft specified in that section, either: (i) Airborne thunderstorm detection equipment as required by § 135.173 of this chapter; or (ii) Airborne weather radar as required by § 135.175 of this chapter. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.26 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1047 Drug and alcohol misuse education program. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Amdt. 91-307, 74 FR 22653, May 14, 2009] | (a) Each program manager must provide each direct employee performing flight crewmember, flight attendant, flight instructor, or aircraft maintenance duties with drug and alcohol misuse education. (b) No program manager may use any contract employee to perform flight crewmember, flight attendant, flight instructor, or aircraft maintenance duties for the program manager unless that contract employee has been provided with drug and alcohol misuse education. (c) Program managers must disclose to their owners and prospective owners the existence of a company drug and alcohol misuse testing program. If the program manager has implemented a company testing program, the program manager's disclosure must include the following: (1) Information on the substances that they test for, for example, alcohol and a list of the drugs; (2) The categories of employees tested, the types of tests, for example, pre-employment, random, reasonable cause/suspicion, post accident, return to duty and follow-up; and (3) The degree to which the program manager's company testing program is comparable to the federally mandated drug and alcohol testing program required under part 120 of this chapter regarding the information in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section. (d) If a program aircraft is operated on a program flight into an airport at which no maintenance personnel are available that are subject to the requirements of paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section and emergency maintenance is required, the program manager may use persons not meeting the requirements of paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section to provide such emergency maintenance under both of the following conditions: (1) The program manager must notify the Drug Abatement Program Division, AAM-800, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20591 in writing within 10 days after being provided emergency maintenance in accordance with this paragraph. The program manager must retain copies of all such written notifications for two years. (2) The aircraft must be reinsp… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.27 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1049 Personnel. | FAA | (a) Each program manager and each fractional owner must use in program operations on program aircraft flight crews meeting § 91.1053 criteria and qualified under the appropriate regulations. The program manager must provide oversight of those crews. (b) Each program manager must employ (either directly or by contract) an adequate number of pilots per program aircraft. Flight crew staffing must be determined based on the following factors, at a minimum: (1) Number of program aircraft. (2) Program manager flight, duty, and rest time considerations, and in all cases within the limits set forth in §§ 91.1057 through 91.1061. (3) Vacations. (4) Operational efficiencies. (5) Training. (6) Single pilot operations, if authorized by deviation under paragraph (d) of this section. (c) Each program manager must publish pilot and flight attendant duty schedules sufficiently in advance to follow the flight, duty, and rest time limits in §§ 91.1057 through 91.1061 in program operations. (d) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, when any program aircraft is flown in program operations with passengers onboard, the crew must consist of at least two qualified pilots employed or contracted by the program manager or the fractional owner. (e) The program manager must ensure that trained and qualified scheduling or flight release personnel are on duty to schedule and release program aircraft during all hours that such aircraft are available for program operations. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.28 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1050 Employment of former FAA employees. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2008-1154, 76 FR 52235, Aug. 22, 2011] | (a) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, no fractional owner or fractional ownership program manager may knowingly employ or make a contractual arrangement which permits an individual to act as an agent or representative of the fractional owner or fractional ownership program manager in any matter before the Federal Aviation Administration if the individual, in the preceding 2 years— (1) Served as, or was directly responsible for the oversight of, a Flight Standards Service aviation safety inspector; and (2) Had direct responsibility to inspect, or oversee the inspection of, the operations of the fractional owner or fractional ownership program manager. (b) For the purpose of this section, an individual shall be considered to be acting as an agent or representative of a fractional owner or fractional ownership program manager in a matter before the agency if the individual makes any written or oral communication on behalf of the fractional owner or fractional ownership program manager to the agency (or any of its officers or employees) in connection with a particular matter, whether or not involving a specific party and without regard to whether the individual has participated in, or had responsibility for, the particular matter while serving as a Flight Standards Service aviation safety inspector. (c) The provisions of this section do not prohibit a fractional owner or fractional ownership program manager from knowingly employing or making a contractual arrangement which permits an individual to act as an agent or representative of the fractional owner or fractional ownership program manager in any matter before the Federal Aviation Administration if the individual was employed by the fractional owner or fractional ownership program manager before October 21, 2011. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.29 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1053 Crewmember experience. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 91-379, 89 FR 92486, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) No program manager or owner may use any person, nor may any person serve, as a pilot in command or second in command of a program aircraft, or as a flight attendant on a program aircraft, in program operations under this subpart unless that person has met the applicable requirements of part 61 of this chapter and has the following experience and ratings: (1) Total flight time for all pilots: (i) Pilot in command—A minimum of 1,500 hours. (ii) Second in command—A minimum of 500 hours. (2) For multi-engine turbine-powered fixed-wing and powered-lift aircraft, the following FAA certification and ratings requirements: (i) Pilot in command—Airline transport pilot and applicable type ratings not limited to VFR only. (ii) Second in command—Commercial pilot and instrument ratings. (iii) Flight attendant (if required or used)—Appropriately trained personnel. (3) For all other aircraft, the following FAA certification and rating requirements: (i) Pilot in command—Commercial pilot and instrument ratings. (ii) Second in command—Commercial pilot and instrument ratings. (iii) Flight attendant (if required or used)—Appropriately trained personnel. (b) The Administrator may authorize deviations from paragraph (a)(1) of this section if the Flight Standards office that issued the program manager's management specifications finds that the crewmember has comparable experience, and can effectively perform the functions associated with the position in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. Grants of deviation under this paragraph may be granted after consideration of the size and scope of the operation, the qualifications of the intended personnel and the circumstances set forth in § 91.1055(b)(1) through (3). The Administrator may, at any time, terminate any grant of deviation authority issued under this paragraph. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.30 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1055 Pilot operating limitations and pairing requirement. | FAA | (a) If the second in command of a fixed-wing program aircraft has fewer than 100 hours of flight time as second in command flying in the aircraft make and model and, if a type rating is required, in the type aircraft being flown, and the pilot in command is not an appropriately qualified check pilot, the pilot in command shall make all takeoffs and landings in any of the following situations: (1) Landings at the destination airport when a Destination Airport Analysis is required by § 91.1037(c); and (2) In any of the following conditions: (i) The prevailing visibility for the airport is at or below 3/4 mile. (ii) The runway visual range for the runway to be used is at or below 4,000 feet. (iii) The runway to be used has water, snow, slush, ice or similar contamination that may adversely affect aircraft performance. (iv) The braking action on the runway to be used is reported to be less than “good.” (v) The crosswind component for the runway to be used is in excess of 15 knots. (vi) Windshear is reported in the vicinity of the airport. (vii) Any other condition in which the pilot in command determines it to be prudent to exercise the pilot in command's authority. (b) No program manager may release a program flight under this subpart unless, for that aircraft make or model and, if a type rating is required, for that type aircraft, either the pilot in command or the second in command has at least 75 hours of flight time, either as pilot in command or second in command. The Administrator may, upon application by the program manager, authorize deviations from the requirements of this paragraph by an appropriate amendment to the management specifications in any of the following circumstances: (1) A newly authorized program manager does not employ any pilots who meet the minimum requirements of this paragraph. (2) An existing program manager adds to its fleet a new category and class aircraft not used before in its operation. (3) An existing program manager establishes a new base to which it assigns pilo… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.31 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1057 Flight, duty and rest time requirements: All crewmembers. | FAA | (a) For purposes of this subpart— Augmented flight crew means at least three pilots. Calendar day means the period of elapsed time, using Coordinated Universal Time or local time that begins at midnight and ends 24 hours later at the next midnight. Duty period means the period of elapsed time between reporting for an assignment involving flight time and release from that assignment by the program manager. All time between these two points is part of the duty period, even if flight time is interrupted by nonflight-related duties. The time is calculated using either Coordinated Universal Time or local time to reflect the total elapsed time. Extension of flight time means an increase in the flight time because of circumstances beyond the control of the program manager or flight crewmember (such as adverse weather) that are not known at the time of departure and that prevent the flightcrew from reaching the destination within the planned flight time. Flight attendant means an individual, other than a flight crewmember, who is assigned by the program manager, in accordance with the required minimum crew complement under the program manager's management specifications or in addition to that minimum complement, to duty in an aircraft during flight time and whose duties include but are not necessarily limited to cabin-safety-related responsibilities. Multi-time zone flight means an easterly or westerly flight or multiple flights in one direction in the same duty period that results in a time zone difference of 5 or more hours and is conducted in a geographic area that is south of 60 degrees north latitude and north of 60 degrees south latitude. Reserve status means that status in which a flight crewmember, by arrangement with the program manager: Holds himself or herself fit to fly to the extent that this is within the control of the flight crewmember; remains within a reasonable response time of the aircraft as agreed between the flight crewmember and the program manager; and maintains a ready means whereb… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.32 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1059 Flight time limitations and rest requirements: One or two pilot crews. | FAA | (a) No program manager may assign any flight crewmember, and no flight crewmember may accept an assignment, for flight time as a member of a one- or two-pilot crew if that crewmember's total flight time in all commercial flying will exceed— (1) 500 hours in any calendar quarter; (2) 800 hours in any two consecutive calendar quarters; (3) 1,400 hours in any calendar year. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, during any 24 consecutive hours the total flight time of the assigned flight, when added to any commercial flying by that flight crewmember, may not exceed— (1) 8 hours for a flight crew consisting of one pilot; or (2) 10 hours for a flight crew consisting of two pilots qualified under this subpart for the operation being conducted. (c) No program manager may assign any flight crewmember, and no flight crewmember may accept an assignment, if that crewmember's flight time or duty period will exceed, or rest time will be less than— | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.33 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1061 Augmented flight crews. | FAA | (a) No program manager may assign any flight crewmember, and no flight crewmember may accept an assignment, for flight time as a member of an augmented crew if that crewmember's total flight time in all commercial flying will exceed— (1) 500 hours in any calendar quarter; (2) 800 hours in any two consecutive calendar quarters; (3) 1,400 hours in any calendar year. (b) No program manager may assign any pilot to an augmented crew, unless the program manager ensures: (1) Adequate sleeping facilities are installed on the aircraft for the pilots. (2) No more than 8 hours of flight deck duty is accrued in any 24 consecutive hours. (3) For a three-pilot crew, the crew must consist of at least the following: (i) A pilot in command (PIC) who meets the applicable flight crewmember requirements of this subpart and § 61.57 of this chapter. (ii) A PIC qualified pilot who meets the applicable flight crewmember requirements of this subpart and § 61.57(c) and (d) of this chapter. (iii) A second in command (SIC) who meets the SIC qualifications of this subpart. For flight under IFR, that person must also meet the recent instrument experience requirements of part 61 of this chapter. (4) For a four-pilot crew, at least three pilots who meet the conditions of paragraph (b)(3) of this section, plus a fourth pilot who meets the SIC qualifications of this subpart. For flight under IFR, that person must also meet the recent instrument experience requirements of part 61 of this chapter. (c) No program manager may assign any flight crewmember, and no flight crewmember may accept an assignment, if that crewmember's flight time or duty period will exceed, or rest time will be less than— | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.34 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1062 Duty periods and rest requirements: Flight attendants. | FAA | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a program manager may assign a duty period to a flight attendant only when the assignment meets the applicable duty period limitations and rest requirements of this paragraph. (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(4), (a)(5), and (a)(6) of this section, no program manager may assign a flight attendant to a scheduled duty period of more than 14 hours. (2) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, a flight attendant scheduled to a duty period of 14 hours or less as provided under paragraph (a)(1) of this section must be given a scheduled rest period of at least 9 consecutive hours. This rest period must occur between the completion of the scheduled duty period and the commencement of the subsequent duty period. (3) The rest period required under paragraph (a)(2) of this section may be scheduled or reduced to 8 consecutive hours if the flight attendant is provided a subsequent rest period of at least 10 consecutive hours; this subsequent rest period must be scheduled to begin no later than 24 hours after the beginning of the reduced rest period and must occur between the completion of the scheduled duty period and the commencement of the subsequent duty period. (4) A program manager may assign a flight attendant to a scheduled duty period of more than 14 hours, but no more than 16 hours, if the program manager has assigned to the flight or flights in that duty period at least one flight attendant in addition to the minimum flight attendant complement required for the flight or flights in that duty period under the program manager's management specifications. (5) A program manager may assign a flight attendant to a scheduled duty period of more than 16 hours, but no more than 18 hours, if the program manager has assigned to the flight or flights in that duty period at least two flight attendants in addition to the minimum flight attendant complement required for the flight or flights in that duty period under the program manager's manageme… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.35 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1063 Testing and training: Applicability and terms used. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Amdt. 61-144, 85 FR 10920, Feb. 25, 2020; Docket FAA-2019-0360, Amdt. 91-375, 89 FR 51424, June 18, 2024] | (a) Sections 91.1065 through 91.1107: (1) Prescribe the tests and checks required for pilots and flight attendant crewmembers and for the approval of check pilots in operations under this subpart; (2) Prescribe the requirements for establishing and maintaining an approved training program for crewmembers, check pilots and instructors, and other operations personnel employed or used by the program manager in program operations; (3) Prescribe the requirements for the qualification, approval and use of aircraft simulators and flight training devices in the conduct of an approved training program; and (4) Permits training center personnel authorized under part 142 of this chapter who meet the requirements of § 91.1075 to conduct training, testing and checking under contract or other arrangements to those persons subject to the requirements of this subpart. (b) If authorized by the Administrator, a program manager may comply with the applicable training and testing sections of part 121, subparts N and O of this chapter instead of §§ 91.1065 through 91.1107, provided that the following additional limitations and allowances apply to program managers so authorized: (1) Operating experience and operations familiarization. Program managers are not required to comply with the operating experience requirements of § 121.434 or the operations familiarization requirements of § 121.435 of this chapter. (2) Upgrade training. (i) Each program manager must include in upgrade ground training for pilots, instruction in at least the subjects identified in § 121.419(a) of this chapter, as applicable to their assigned duties; and, for pilots serving in crews of two or more pilots, instruction and facilitated discussion in the subjects identified in § 121.419(c) of this chapter. (ii) Each program manager must include in upgrade flight training for pilots, flight training for the maneuvers and procedures required in § 121.424(a), (c), (e), and (f) of this chapter; and, for pilots serving in crews of two or more pilots, the fli… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.36 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1065 Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2013-0485, Amdt. 91-345, 81 FR 90175, Dec. 13, 2016] | (a) No program manager or owner may use a pilot, nor may any person serve as a pilot, unless, since the beginning of the 12th month before that service, that pilot has passed either a written or oral test (or a combination), given by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot, on that pilot's knowledge in the following areas— (1) The appropriate provisions of parts 61 and 91 of this chapter and the management specifications and the operating manual of the program manager; (2) For each type of aircraft to be flown by the pilot, the aircraft powerplant, major components and systems, major appliances, performance and operating limitations, standard and emergency operating procedures, and the contents of the accepted operating manual or equivalent, as applicable; (3) For each type of aircraft to be flown by the pilot, the method of determining compliance with weight and balance limitations for takeoff, landing and en route operations; (4) Navigation and use of air navigation aids appropriate to the operation or pilot authorization, including, when applicable, instrument approach facilities and procedures; (5) Air traffic control procedures, including IFR procedures when applicable; (6) Meteorology in general, including the principles of frontal systems, icing, fog, thunderstorms, and windshear, and, if appropriate for the operation of the program manager, high altitude weather; (7) Procedures for— (i) Recognizing and avoiding severe weather situations; (ii) Escaping from severe weather situations, in case of inadvertent encounters, including low-altitude windshear (except that rotorcraft aircraft pilots are not required to be tested on escaping from low-altitude windshear); and (iii) Operating in or near thunderstorms (including best penetration altitudes), turbulent air (including clear air turbulence), icing, hail, and other potentially hazardous meteorological conditions; and (8) New equipment, procedures, or techniques, as appropriate. (b) No program manager or owner may use a pilot, nor may any p… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.37 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1067 Initial and recurrent flight attendant crewmember testing requirements. | FAA | No program manager or owner may use a flight attendant crewmember, nor may any person serve as a flight attendant crewmember unless, since the beginning of the 12th month before that service, the program manager has determined by appropriate initial and recurrent testing that the person is knowledgeable and competent in the following areas as appropriate to assigned duties and responsibilities— (a) Authority of the pilot in command; (b) Passenger handling, including procedures to be followed in handling deranged persons or other persons whose conduct might jeopardize safety; (c) Crewmember assignments, functions, and responsibilities during ditching and evacuation of persons who may need the assistance of another person to move expeditiously to an exit in an emergency; (d) Briefing of passengers; (e) Location and operation of portable fire extinguishers and other items of emergency equipment; (f) Proper use of cabin equipment and controls; (g) Location and operation of passenger oxygen equipment; (h) Location and operation of all normal and emergency exits, including evacuation slides and escape ropes; and (i) Seating of persons who may need assistance of another person to move rapidly to an exit in an emergency as prescribed by the program manager's operations manual. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.38 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1069 Flight crew: Instrument proficiency check requirements. | FAA | (a) No program manager or owner may use a pilot, nor may any person serve, as a pilot in command of an aircraft under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 6th month before that service, that pilot has passed an instrument proficiency check under this section administered by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot. (b) No program manager or owner may use a pilot, nor may any person serve, as a second command pilot of an aircraft under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 12th month before that service, that pilot has passed an instrument proficiency check under this section administered by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot. (c) No pilot may use any type of precision instrument approach procedure under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 6th month before that use, the pilot satisfactorily demonstrated that type of approach procedure. No pilot may use any type of nonprecision approach procedure under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 6th month before that use, the pilot has satisfactorily demonstrated either that type of approach procedure or any other two different types of nonprecision approach procedures. The instrument approach procedure or procedures must include at least one straight-in approach, one circling approach, and one missed approach. Each type of approach procedure demonstrated must be conducted to published minimums for that procedure. (d) The instrument proficiency checks required by paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section consists of either an oral or written equipment test (or a combination) and a flight check under simulated or actual IFR conditions. The equipment test includes questions on emergency procedures, engine operation, fuel and lubrication systems, power settings, stall speeds, best engine-out speed, propeller and supercharger operations, and hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical systems, as appropriate. The flight check includes navigation by instruments, recovery from simulated emergencies, and standard instrument approaches involving navigational f… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.39 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1071 Crewmember: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standards. | FAA | (a) If a crewmember who is required to take a test or a flight check under this subpart, completes the test or flight check in the month before or after the month in which it is required, that crewmember is considered to have completed the test or check in the month in which it is required. (b) If a pilot being checked under this subpart fails any of the required maneuvers, the person giving the check may give additional training to the pilot during the course of the check. In addition to repeating the maneuvers failed, the person giving the check may require the pilot being checked to repeat any other maneuvers that are necessary to determine the pilot's proficiency. If the pilot being checked is unable to demonstrate satisfactory performance to the person conducting the check, the program manager may not use the pilot, nor may the pilot serve, as a flight crewmember in operations under this subpart until the pilot has satisfactorily completed the check. If a pilot who demonstrates unsatisfactory performance is employed as a pilot for a certificate holder operating under part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter, he or she must notify that certificate holder of the unsatisfactory performance. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.40 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1073 Training program: General. | FAA | (a) Each program manager must have a training program and must: (1) Establish, obtain the appropriate initial and final approval of, and provide a training program that meets this subpart and that ensures that each crewmember, including each flight attendant if the program manager uses a flight attendant crewmember, flight instructor, check pilot, and each person assigned duties for the carriage and handling of hazardous materials (as defined in 49 CFR 171.8) is adequately trained to perform these assigned duties. (2) Provide adequate ground and flight training facilities and properly qualified ground instructors for the training required by this subpart. (3) Provide and keep current for each aircraft type used and, if applicable, the particular variations within the aircraft type, appropriate training material, examinations, forms, instructions, and procedures for use in conducting the training and checks required by this subpart. (4) Provide enough flight instructors, check pilots, and simulator instructors to conduct required flight training and flight checks, and simulator training courses allowed under this subpart. (b) Whenever a crewmember who is required to take recurrent training under this subpart completes the training in the month before, or the month after, the month in which that training is required, the crewmember is considered to have completed it in the month in which it was required. (c) Each instructor, supervisor, or check pilot who is responsible for a particular ground training subject, segment of flight training, course of training, flight check, or competence check under this subpart must certify as to the proficiency and knowledge of the crewmember, flight instructor, or check pilot concerned upon completion of that training or check. That certification must be made a part of the crewmember's record. When the certification required by this paragraph is made by an entry in a computerized recordkeeping system, the certifying instructor, supervisor, or check pilot, must be identified … | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.41 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1075 Training program: Special rules. | FAA | Other than the program manager, only the following are eligible under this subpart to conduct training, testing, and checking under contract or other arrangement to those persons subject to the requirements of this subpart. (a) Another program manager operating under this subpart: (b) A training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter to conduct training, testing, and checking required by this subpart if the training center— (1) Holds applicable training specifications issued under part 142 of this chapter; (2) Has facilities, training equipment, and courseware meeting the applicable requirements of part 142 of this chapter; (3) Has approved curriculums, curriculum segments, and portions of curriculum segments applicable for use in training courses required by this subpart; and (4) Has sufficient instructors and check pilots qualified under the applicable requirements of §§ 91.1089 through 91.1095 to conduct training, testing, and checking to persons subject to the requirements of this subpart. (c) A part 119 certificate holder operating under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter. (d) As authorized by the Administrator, a training center that is not certificated under part 142 of this chapter. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.42 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1077 Training program and revision: Initial and final approval. | FAA | (a) To obtain initial and final approval of a training program, or a revision to an approved training program, each program manager must submit to the Administrator— (1) An outline of the proposed or revised curriculum, that provides enough information for a preliminary evaluation of the proposed training program or revision; and (2) Additional relevant information that may be requested by the Administrator. (b) If the proposed training program or revision complies with this subpart, the Administrator grants initial approval in writing after which the program manager may conduct the training under that program. The Administrator then evaluates the effectiveness of the training program and advises the program manager of deficiencies, if any, that must be corrected. (c) The Administrator grants final approval of the proposed training program or revision if the program manager shows that the training conducted under the initial approval in paragraph (b) of this section ensures that each person who successfully completes the training is adequately trained to perform that person's assigned duties. (d) Whenever the Administrator finds that revisions are necessary for the continued adequacy of a training program that has been granted final approval, the program manager must, after notification by the Administrator, make any changes in the program that are found necessary by the Administrator. Within 30 days after the program manager receives the notice, it may file a petition to reconsider the notice with the Administrator. The filing of a petition to reconsider stays the notice pending a decision by the Administrator. However, if the Administrator finds that there is an emergency that requires immediate action in the interest of safety, the Administrator may, upon a statement of the reasons, require a change effective without stay. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.43 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1079 Training program: Curriculum. | FAA | (a) Each program manager must prepare and keep current a written training program curriculum for each type of aircraft for each crewmember required for that type aircraft. The curriculum must include ground and flight training required by this subpart. (b) Each training program curriculum must include the following: (1) A list of principal ground training subjects, including emergency training subjects, that are provided. (2) A list of all the training devices, mock-ups, systems trainers, procedures trainers, or other training aids that the program manager will use. (3) Detailed descriptions or pictorial displays of the approved normal, abnormal, and emergency maneuvers, procedures and functions that will be performed during each flight training phase or flight check, indicating those maneuvers, procedures and functions that are to be performed during the inflight portions of flight training and flight checks. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.44 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1081 Crewmember training requirements. | FAA | (a) Each program manager must include in its training program the following initial and transition ground training as appropriate to the particular assignment of the crewmember: (1) Basic indoctrination ground training for newly hired crewmembers including instruction in at least the— (i) Duties and responsibilities of crewmembers as applicable; (ii) Appropriate provisions of this chapter; (iii) Contents of the program manager's management specifications (not required for flight attendants); and (iv) Appropriate portions of the program manager's operating manual. (2) The initial and transition ground training in §§ 91.1101 and 91.1105, as applicable. (3) Emergency training in § 91.1083. (b) Each training program must provide the initial and transition flight training in § 91.1103, as applicable. (c) Each training program must provide recurrent ground and flight training as provided in § 91.1107. (d) Upgrade training in §§ 91.1101 and 91.1103 for a particular type aircraft may be included in the training program for crewmembers who have qualified and served as second in command on that aircraft. (e) In addition to initial, transition, upgrade and recurrent training, each training program must provide ground and flight training, instruction, and practice necessary to ensure that each crewmember— (1) Remains adequately trained and currently proficient for each aircraft, crewmember position, and type of operation in which the crewmember serves; and (2) Qualifies in new equipment, facilities, procedures, and techniques, including modifications to aircraft. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.45 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1083 Crewmember emergency training. | FAA | (a) Each training program must provide emergency training under this section for each aircraft type, model, and configuration, each crewmember, and each kind of operation conducted, as appropriate for each crewmember and the program manager. (b) Emergency training must provide the following: (1) Instruction in emergency assignments and procedures, including coordination among crewmembers. (2) Individual instruction in the location, function, and operation of emergency equipment including— (i) Equipment used in ditching and evacuation; (ii) First aid equipment and its proper use; and (iii) Portable fire extinguishers, with emphasis on the type of extinguisher to be used on different classes of fires. (3) Instruction in the handling of emergency situations including— (i) Rapid decompression; (ii) Fire in flight or on the surface and smoke control procedures with emphasis on electrical equipment and related circuit breakers found in cabin areas; (iii) Ditching and evacuation; (iv) Illness, injury, or other abnormal situations involving passengers or crewmembers; and (v) Hijacking and other unusual situations. (4) Review and discussion of previous aircraft accidents and incidents involving actual emergency situations. (c) Each crewmember must perform at least the following emergency drills, using the proper emergency equipment and procedures, unless the Administrator finds that, for a particular drill, the crewmember can be adequately trained by demonstration: (1) Ditching, if applicable. (2) Emergency evacuation. (3) Fire extinguishing and smoke control. (4) Operation and use of emergency exits, including deployment and use of evacuation slides, if applicable. (5) Use of crew and passenger oxygen. (6) Removal of life rafts from the aircraft, inflation of the life rafts, use of lifelines, and boarding of passengers and crew, if applicable. (7) Donning and inflation of life vests and the use of other individual flotation devices, if applicable. (d) Crewmembers who serve in operations above 25,000… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.46 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1085 Hazardous materials recognition training. | FAA | No program manager may use any person to perform, and no person may perform, any assigned duties and responsibilities for the handling or carriage of hazardous materials (as defined in 49 CFR 171.8), unless that person has received training in the recognition of hazardous materials. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.47 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1087 Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devices. | FAA | (a) Training courses using aircraft simulators and other training devices may be included in the program manager's training program if approved by the Administrator. (b) Each aircraft simulator and other training device that is used in a training course or in checks required under this subpart must meet the following requirements: (1) It must be specifically approved for— (i) The program manager; and (ii) The particular maneuver, procedure, or crewmember function involved. (2) It must maintain the performance, functional, and other characteristics that are required for approval. (3) Additionally, for aircraft simulators, it must be— (i) Approved for the type aircraft and, if applicable, the particular variation within type for which the training or check is being conducted; and (ii) Modified to conform with any modification to the aircraft being simulated that changes the performance, functional, or other characteristics required for approval. (c) A particular aircraft simulator or other training device may be used by more than one program manager. (d) In granting initial and final approval of training programs or revisions to them, the Administrator considers the training devices, methods, and procedures listed in the program manager's curriculum under § 91.1079. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.48 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1089 Qualifications: Check pilots (aircraft) and check pilots (simulator). | FAA | (a) For the purposes of this section and § 91.1093: (1) A check pilot (aircraft) is a person who is qualified to conduct flight checks in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device for a particular type aircraft. (2) A check pilot (simulator) is a person who is qualified to conduct flight checks, but only in a flight simulator, in a flight training device, or both, for a particular type aircraft. (3) Check pilots (aircraft) and check pilots (simulator) are those check pilots who perform the functions described in § 91.1073(a)(4) and (c). (b) No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve as a check pilot (aircraft) in a training program established under this subpart unless, with respect to the aircraft type involved, that person— (1) Holds the pilot certificates and ratings required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart; (2) Has satisfactorily completed the training phases for the aircraft, including recurrent training, that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart; (3) Has satisfactorily completed the proficiency or competency checks that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart; (4) Has satisfactorily completed the applicable training requirements of § 91.1093; (5) Holds at least a Class III medical certificate unless serving as a required crewmember, in which case holds a Class I or Class II medical certificate as appropriate; and (6) Has been approved by the Administrator for the check pilot duties involved. (c) No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve as a check pilot (simulator) in a training program established under this subpart unless, with respect to the aircraft type involved, that person meets the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, or— (1) Holds the applicable pilot certificates and ratings, except medical certificate, required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart; (2) Has satisfactorily complete… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.49 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1091 Qualifications: Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator). | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Amdt. 91-322, 76 FR 31823, June 2, 2011] | (a) For the purposes of this section and § 91.1095: (1) A flight instructor (aircraft) is a person who is qualified to instruct in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device for a particular type, class, or category aircraft. (2) A flight instructor (simulator) is a person who is qualified to instruct in a flight simulator, in a flight training device, or in both, for a particular type, class, or category aircraft. (3) Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator) are those instructors who perform the functions described in § 91.1073(a)(4) and (c). (b) No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve as a flight instructor (aircraft) in a training program established under this subpart unless, with respect to the type, class, or category aircraft involved, that person— (1) Holds the pilot certificates and ratings required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart or part 121 or 135 of this chapter; (2) Has satisfactorily completed the training phases for the aircraft, including recurrent training, that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart; (3) Has satisfactorily completed the proficiency or competency checks that are required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart; (4) Has satisfactorily completed the applicable training requirements of § 91.1095; and (5) Holds at least a Class III medical certificate. (c) No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve as a flight instructor (simulator) in a training program established under this subpart, unless, with respect to the type, class, or category aircraft involved, that person meets the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, or— (1) Holds the pilot certificates and ratings, except medical certificate, required to serve as a pilot in command in operations under this subpart or part 121 or 135 of this chapter; (2) Has satisfactorily completed the appropriate training phases for the aircraft, inclu… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.50 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1093 Initial and transition training and checking: Check pilots (aircraft), check pilots (simulator). | FAA | (a) No program manager may use a person nor may any person serve as a check pilot unless— (1) That person has satisfactorily completed initial or transition check pilot training; and (2) Within the preceding 24 months, that person satisfactorily conducts a proficiency or competency check under the observation of an FAA inspector or an aircrew designated examiner employed by the program manager. The observation check may be accomplished in part or in full in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device. (b) The observation check required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is considered to have been completed in the month required if completed in the month before or the month after the month in which it is due. (c) The initial ground training for check pilots must include the following: (1) Check pilot duties, functions, and responsibilities. (2) The applicable provisions of the Code of Federal Regulations and the program manager's policies and procedures. (3) The applicable methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting the required checks. (4) Proper evaluation of student performance including the detection of— (i) Improper and insufficient training; and (ii) Personal characteristics of an applicant that could adversely affect safety. (5) The corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory checks. (6) The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures in the aircraft. (d) The transition ground training for a check pilot must include the approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures applicable to the aircraft to which the check pilot is in transition. (e) The initial and transition flight training for a check pilot (aircraft) must include the following— (1) The safety measures for emergency situations that are likely to develop during a check; (2) The potential results of improper, untimely, or nonexecution of safety measures during … | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.51 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1095 Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator). | FAA | (a) No program manager may use a person nor may any person serve as a flight instructor unless— (1) That person has satisfactorily completed initial or transition flight instructor training; and (2) Within the preceding 24 months, that person satisfactorily conducts instruction under the observation of an FAA inspector, a program manager check pilot, or an aircrew designated examiner employed by the program manager. The observation check may be accomplished in part or in full in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device. (b) The observation check required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is considered to have been completed in the month required if completed in the month before, or the month after, the month in which it is due. (c) The initial ground training for flight instructors must include the following: (1) Flight instructor duties, functions, and responsibilities. (2) The applicable Code of Federal Regulations and the program manager's policies and procedures. (3) The applicable methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting flight instruction. (4) Proper evaluation of student performance including the detection of— (i) Improper and insufficient training; and (ii) Personal characteristics of an applicant that could adversely affect safety. (5) The corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory training progress. (6) The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures in the aircraft. (7) Except for holders of a flight instructor certificate— (i) The fundamental principles of the teaching-learning process; (ii) Teaching methods and procedures; and (iii) The instructor-student relationship. (d) The transition ground training for flight instructors must include the approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures applicable to the type, class, or category aircraft to which the flight instructor is in transition. (e) The init… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.52 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1097 Pilot and flight attendant crewmember training programs. | FAA | (a) Each program manager must establish and maintain an approved pilot training program, and each program manager who uses a flight attendant crewmember must establish and maintain an approved flight attendant training program, that is appropriate to the operations to which each pilot and flight attendant is to be assigned, and will ensure that they are adequately trained to meet the applicable knowledge and practical testing requirements of §§ 91.1065 through 91.1071. (b) Each program manager required to have a training program by paragraph (a) of this section must include in that program ground and flight training curriculums for— (1) Initial training; (2) Transition training; (3) Upgrade training; (4) Differences training; (5) Recurrent training; and (6) Requalification training. (c) Each program manager must provide current and appropriate study materials for use by each required pilot and flight attendant. (d) The program manager must furnish copies of the pilot and flight attendant crewmember training program, and all changes and additions, to the assigned representative of the Administrator. If the program manager uses training facilities of other persons, a copy of those training programs or appropriate portions used for those facilities must also be furnished. Curricula that follow FAA published curricula may be cited by reference in the copy of the training program furnished to the representative of the Administrator and need not be furnished with the program. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.53 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1099 Crewmember initial and recurrent training requirements. | FAA | No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve, as a crewmember in operations under this subpart unless that crewmember has completed the appropriate initial or recurrent training phase of the training program appropriate to the type of operation in which the crewmember is to serve since the beginning of the 12th month before that service. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.54 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1101 Pilots: Initial, transition, and upgrade ground training. | FAA | Initial, transition, and upgrade ground training for pilots must include instruction in at least the following, as applicable to their duties: (a) General subjects— (1) The program manager's flight locating procedures; (2) Principles and methods for determining weight and balance, and runway limitations for takeoff and landing; (3) Enough meteorology to ensure a practical knowledge of weather phenomena, including the principles of frontal systems, icing, fog, thunderstorms, windshear and, if appropriate, high altitude weather situations; (4) Air traffic control systems, procedures, and phraseology; (5) Navigation and the use of navigational aids, including instrument approach procedures; (6) Normal and emergency communication procedures; (7) Visual cues before and during descent below Decision Altitude or MDA; and (8) Other instructions necessary to ensure the pilot's competence. (b) For each aircraft type— (1) A general description; (2) Performance characteristics; (3) Engines and propellers; (4) Major components; (5) Major aircraft systems (that is, flight controls, electrical, and hydraulic), other systems, as appropriate, principles of normal, abnormal, and emergency operations, appropriate procedures and limitations; (6) Knowledge and procedures for— (i) Recognizing and avoiding severe weather situations; (ii) Escaping from severe weather situations, in case of inadvertent encounters, including low-altitude windshear (except that rotorcraft pilots are not required to be trained in escaping from low-altitude windshear); (iii) Operating in or near thunderstorms (including best penetration altitudes), turbulent air (including clear air turbulence), inflight icing, hail, and other potentially hazardous meteorological conditions; and (iv) Operating airplanes during ground icing conditions, (that is, any time conditions are such that frost, ice, or snow may reasonably be expected to adhere to the aircraft), if the program manager expects to authorize takeoffs in ground icing conditions, includi… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.55 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1103 Pilots: Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences flight training. | FAA | (a) Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences training for pilots must include flight and practice in each of the maneuvers and procedures contained in each of the curriculums that are a part of the approved training program. (b) The maneuvers and procedures required by paragraph (a) of this section must be performed in flight, except to the extent that certain maneuvers and procedures may be performed in an aircraft simulator, or an appropriate training device, as allowed by this subpart. (c) If the program manager's approved training program includes a course of training using an aircraft simulator or other training device, each pilot must successfully complete— (1) Training and practice in the simulator or training device in at least the maneuvers and procedures in this subpart that are capable of being performed in the aircraft simulator or training device; and (2) A flight check in the aircraft or a check in the simulator or training device to the level of proficiency of a pilot in command or second in command, as applicable, in at least the maneuvers and procedures that are capable of being performed in an aircraft simulator or training device. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.56 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1105 Flight attendants: Initial and transition ground training. | FAA | Initial and transition ground training for flight attendants must include instruction in at least the following— (a) General subjects— (1) The authority of the pilot in command; and (2) Passenger handling, including procedures to be followed in handling deranged persons or other persons whose conduct might jeopardize safety. (b) For each aircraft type— (1) A general description of the aircraft emphasizing physical characteristics that may have a bearing on ditching, evacuation, and inflight emergency procedures and on other related duties; (2) The use of both the public address system and the means of communicating with other flight crewmembers, including emergency means in the case of attempted hijacking or other unusual situations; and (3) Proper use of electrical galley equipment and the controls for cabin heat and ventilation. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.57 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1107 Recurrent training. | FAA | (a) Each program manager must ensure that each crewmember receives recurrent training and is adequately trained and currently proficient for the type aircraft and crewmember position involved. (b) Recurrent ground training for crewmembers must include at least the following: (1) A quiz or other review to determine the crewmember's knowledge of the aircraft and crewmember position involved. (2) Instruction as necessary in the subjects required for initial ground training by this subpart, as appropriate, including low-altitude windshear training and training on operating during ground icing conditions, as prescribed in § 91.1097 and described in § 91.1101, and emergency training. (c) Recurrent flight training for pilots must include, at least, flight training in the maneuvers or procedures in this subpart, except that satisfactory completion of the check required by § 91.1065 within the preceding 12 months may be substituted for recurrent flight training. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.58 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1109 Aircraft maintenance: Inspection program. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018] | Each program manager must establish an aircraft inspection program for each make and model program aircraft and ensure each aircraft is inspected in accordance with that inspection program. (a) The inspection program must be in writing and include at least the following information: (1) Instructions and procedures for the conduct of inspections for the particular make and model aircraft, including necessary tests and checks. The instructions and procedures must set forth in detail the parts and areas of the airframe, engines, propellers, rotors, and appliances, including survival and emergency equipment required to be inspected. (2) A schedule for performing the inspections that must be accomplished under the inspection program expressed in terms of the time in service, calendar time, number of system operations, or any combination thereof. (3) The name and address of the person responsible for scheduling the inspections required by the inspection program. A copy of the inspection program must be made available to the person performing inspections on the aircraft and, upon request, to the Administrator. (b) Each person desiring to establish or change an approved inspection program under this section must submit the inspection program for approval to the Flight Standards office that issued the program manager's management specifications. The inspection program must be derived from one of the following programs: (1) An inspection program currently recommended by the manufacturer of the aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, and survival and emergency equipment; (2) An inspection program that is part of a continuous airworthiness maintenance program currently in use by a person holding an air carrier or operating certificate issued under part 119 of this chapter and operating that make and model aircraft under part 121 or 135 of this chapter; (3) An aircraft inspection program approved under § 135.419 of this chapter and currently in use under part 135 of this chapter by a person holding a certi… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.59 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1111 Maintenance training. | FAA | The program manager must ensure that all employees who are responsible for maintenance related to program aircraft undergo appropriate initial and annual recurrent training and are competent to perform those duties. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.60 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1113 Maintenance recordkeeping. | FAA | Each fractional ownership program manager must keep (using the system specified in the manual required in § 91.1025) the records specified in § 91.417(a) for the periods specified in § 91.417(b). | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.61 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1115 Inoperable instruments and equipment. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 91-379, 89 FR 92486, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) No person may take off an aircraft with inoperable instruments or equipment installed unless the following conditions are met: (1) An approved Minimum Equipment List exists for that aircraft. (2) The program manager has been issued management specifications authorizing operations in accordance with an approved Minimum Equipment List. The flight crew must have direct access at all times prior to flight to all of the information contained in the approved Minimum Equipment List through printed or other means approved by the Administrator in the program manager's management specifications. An approved Minimum Equipment List, as authorized by the management specifications, constitutes an approved change to the type design without requiring recertification. (3) The approved Minimum Equipment List must: (i) Be prepared in accordance with the limitations specified in paragraph (b) of this section. (ii) Provide for the operation of the aircraft with certain instruments and equipment in an inoperable condition. (4) Records identifying the inoperable instruments and equipment and the information required by (a)(3)(ii) of this section must be available to the pilot. (5) The aircraft is operated under all applicable conditions and limitations contained in the Minimum Equipment List and the management specifications authorizing use of the Minimum Equipment List. (b) The following instruments and equipment may not be included in the Minimum Equipment List: (1) Instruments and equipment that are either specifically or otherwise required by the airworthiness requirements under which the aircraft is type certificated and that are essential for safe operations under all operating conditions. (2) Instruments and equipment required by an airworthiness directive to be in operable condition unless the airworthiness directive provides otherwise. (3) Instruments and equipment required for specific operations by this part. (c) Notwithstanding paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) of this section, an aircraft with inoperable instrum… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.62 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1411 Continuous airworthiness maintenance program use by fractional ownership program manager. | FAA | Fractional ownership program aircraft may be maintained under a continuous airworthiness maintenance program (CAMP) under §§ 91.1413 through 91.1443. Any program manager who elects to maintain the program aircraft using a continuous airworthiness maintenance program must comply with §§ 91.1413 through 91.1443. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.63 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1413 CAMP: Responsibility for airworthiness. | FAA | (a) For aircraft maintained in accordance with a Continuous Airworthiness Maintenance Program, each program manager is primarily responsible for the following: (1) Maintaining the airworthiness of the program aircraft, including airframes, aircraft engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, and parts. (2) Maintaining its aircraft in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. (3) Repairing defects that occur between regularly scheduled maintenance required under part 43 of this chapter. (b) Each program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP must— (1) Employ a Director of Maintenance or equivalent position. The Director of Maintenance must be a certificated mechanic with airframe and powerplant ratings who has responsibility for the maintenance program on all program aircraft maintained under a continuous airworthiness maintenance program. This person cannot also act as Chief Inspector. (2) Employ a Chief Inspector or equivalent position. The Chief Inspector must be a certificated mechanic with airframe and powerplant ratings who has overall responsibility for inspection aspects of the CAMP. This person cannot also act as Director of Maintenance. (3) Have the personnel to perform the maintenance of program aircraft, including airframes, aircraft engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, emergency equipment and parts, under its manual and this chapter; or make arrangements with another person for the performance of maintenance. However, the program manager must ensure that any maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alteration that is performed by another person is performed under the program manager's operating manual and this chapter. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.64 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1415 CAMP: Mechanical reliability reports. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) Each program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP must report the occurrence or detection of each failure, malfunction, or defect in an aircraft concerning— (1) Fires during flight and whether the related fire-warning system functioned properly; (2) Fires during flight not protected by related fire-warning system; (3) False fire-warning during flight; (4) An exhaust system that causes damage during flight to the engine, adjacent structure, equipment, or components; (5) An aircraft component that causes accumulation or circulation of smoke, vapor, or toxic or noxious fumes in the crew compartment or passenger cabin during flight; (6) Engine shutdown during flight because of flameout; (7) Engine shutdown during flight when external damage to the engine or aircraft structure occurs; (8) Engine shutdown during flight because of foreign object ingestion or icing; (9) Shutdown of more than one engine during flight; (10) A propeller feathering system or ability of the system to control overspeed during flight; (11) A fuel or fuel-dumping system that affects fuel flow or causes hazardous leakage during flight; (12) An unwanted landing gear extension or retraction or opening or closing of landing gear doors during flight; (13) Brake system components that result in loss of brake actuating force when the aircraft is in motion on the ground; (14) Aircraft structure that requires major repair; (15) Cracks, permanent deformation, or corrosion of aircraft structures, if more than the maximum acceptable to the manufacturer or the FAA; and (16) Aircraft components or systems that result in taking emergency actions during flight (except action to shut down an engine). (b) For the purpose of this section, during flight means the period from the moment the aircraft leaves the surface of the earth on takeoff until it touches down on landing. (c) In addition to the reports required by paragraph (a) of this section, each program manager must report any other failure, malfunction, or defect in an … | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.65 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1417 CAMP: Mechanical interruption summary report. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018] | Each program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP must mail or deliver, before the end of the 10th day of the following month, a summary report of the following occurrences in multiengine aircraft for the preceding month to the Flight Standards office that issued the management specifications: (a) Each interruption to a flight, unscheduled change of aircraft en route, or unscheduled stop or diversion from a route, caused by known or suspected mechanical difficulties or malfunctions that are not required to be reported under § 91.1415. (b) The number of propeller featherings in flight, listed by type of propeller and engine and aircraft on which it was installed. Propeller featherings for training, demonstration, or flight check purposes need not be reported. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.66 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1423 CAMP: Maintenance organization. | FAA | (a) Each program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP that has its personnel perform any of its maintenance (other than required inspections), preventive maintenance, or alterations, and each person with whom it arranges for the performance of that work, must have an organization adequate to perform the work. (b) Each program manager who has personnel perform any inspections required by the program manager's manual under § 91.1427(b) (2) or (3), (in this subpart referred to as required inspections), and each person with whom the program manager arranges for the performance of that work, must have an organization adequate to perform that work. (c) Each person performing required inspections in addition to other maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations, must organize the performance of those functions so as to separate the required inspection functions from the other maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alteration functions. The separation must be below the level of administrative control at which overall responsibility for the required inspection functions and other maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations is exercised. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.67 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1425 CAMP: Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration programs. | FAA | Each program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP must have an inspection program and a program covering other maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations that ensures that— (a) Maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations performed by its personnel, or by other persons, are performed under the program manager's manual; (b) Competent personnel and adequate facilities and equipment are provided for the proper performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations; and (c) Each aircraft released to service is airworthy and has been properly maintained for operation under this part. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.68 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1427 CAMP: Manual requirements. | FAA | (a) Each program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP must put in the operating manual the chart or description of the program manager's organization required by § 91.1423 and a list of persons with whom it has arranged for the performance of any of its required inspections, and other maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations, including a general description of that work. (b) Each program manager must put in the operating manual the programs required by § 91.1425 that must be followed in performing maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations of that program manager's aircraft, including airframes, aircraft engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, emergency equipment, and parts, and must include at least the following: (1) The method of performing routine and nonroutine maintenance (other than required inspections), preventive maintenance, or alterations. (2) A designation of the items of maintenance and alteration that must be inspected (required inspections) including at least those that could result in a failure, malfunction, or defect endangering the safe operation of the aircraft, if not performed properly or if improper parts or materials are used. (3) The method of performing required inspections and a designation by occupational title of personnel authorized to perform each required inspection. (4) Procedures for the reinspection of work performed under previous required inspection findings (buy-back procedures). (5) Procedures, standards, and limits necessary for required inspections and acceptance or rejection of the items required to be inspected and for periodic inspection and calibration of precision tools, measuring devices, and test equipment. (6) Procedures to ensure that all required inspections are performed. (7) Instructions to prevent any person who performs any item of work from performing any required inspection of that work. (8) Instructions and procedures to prevent any decision of an inspector regarding any required inspection from being counterman… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.69 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1429 CAMP: Required inspection personnel. | FAA | (a) No person who maintains an aircraft under a CAMP may use any person to perform required inspections unless the person performing the inspection is appropriately certificated, properly trained, qualified, and authorized to do so. (b) No person may allow any person to perform a required inspection unless, at the time the work was performed, the person performing that inspection is under the supervision and control of the chief inspector. (c) No person may perform a required inspection if that person performed the item of work required to be inspected. (d) Each program manager must maintain, or must ensure that each person with whom it arranges to perform required inspections maintains, a current listing of persons who have been trained, qualified, and authorized to conduct required inspections. The persons must be identified by name, occupational title, and the inspections that they are authorized to perform. The program manager (or person with whom it arranges to perform its required inspections) must give written information to each person so authorized, describing the extent of that person's responsibilities, authorities, and inspectional limitations. The list must be made available for inspection by the Administrator upon request. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.70 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1431 CAMP: Continuing analysis and surveillance. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) Each program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP must establish and maintain a system for the continuing analysis and surveillance of the performance and effectiveness of its inspection program and the program covering other maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations and for the correction of any deficiency in those programs, regardless of whether those programs are carried out by employees of the program manager or by another person. (b) Whenever the Administrator finds that the programs described in paragraph (a) of this section does not contain adequate procedures and standards to meet this part, the program manager must, after notification by the Administrator, make changes in those programs requested by the Administrator. (c) A program manager may petition the Administrator to reconsider the notice to make a change in a program. The petition must be filed with the Executive Director, Flight Standards Service, within 30 days after the program manager receives the notice. Except in the case of an emergency requiring immediate action in the interest of safety, the filing of the petition stays the notice pending a decision by the Administrator. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.71 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1433 CAMP: Maintenance and preventive maintenance training program. | FAA | Each program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP or a person performing maintenance or preventive maintenance functions for it must have a training program to ensure that each person (including inspection personnel) who determines the adequacy of work done is fully informed about procedures and techniques and new equipment in use and is competent to perform that person's duties. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.72 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1435 CAMP: Certificate requirements. | FAA | (a) Except for maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations, and required inspections performed by repair stations located outside the United States certificated under the provisions of part 145 of this chapter, each person who is directly in charge of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations for a CAMP, and each person performing required inspections for a CAMP must hold an appropriate airman certificate. (b) For the purpose of this section, a person “directly in charge” is each person assigned to a position in which that person is responsible for the work of a shop or station that performs maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations, or other functions affecting airworthiness. A person who is directly in charge need not physically observe and direct each worker constantly but must be available for consultation and decision on matters requiring instruction or decision from higher authority than that of the person performing the work. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.73 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1437 CAMP: Authority to perform and approve maintenance. | FAA | A program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP may employ maintenance personnel, or make arrangements with other persons to perform maintenance and preventive maintenance as provided in its maintenance manual. Unless properly certificated, the program manager may not perform or approve maintenance for return to service. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.74 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1439 CAMP: Maintenance recording requirements. | FAA | (a) Each program manager who maintains program aircraft under a CAMP must keep (using the system specified in the manual required in § 91.1427) the following records for the periods specified in paragraph (b) of this section: (1) All the records necessary to show that all requirements for the issuance of an airworthiness release under § 91.1443 have been met. (2) Records containing the following information: (i) The total time in service of the airframe, engine, propeller, and rotor. (ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance. (iii) The time since last overhaul of each item installed on the aircraft that are required to be overhauled on a specified time basis. (iv) The identification of the current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last inspections required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its appliances are maintained. (v) The current status of applicable airworthiness directives, including the date and methods of compliance, and, if the airworthiness directive involves recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required. (vi) A list of current major alterations and repairs to each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance. (b) Each program manager must retain the records required to be kept by this section for the following periods: (1) Except for the records of the last complete overhaul of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance the records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section must be retained until the work is repeated or superseded by other work or for one year after the work is performed. (2) The records of the last complete overhaul of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance must be retained until the work is superseded by work of equivalent scope and detail. (3) The records specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section must be retained as specified unless transferred with the aircraft at the time the aircraft is sold. … | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.75 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1441 CAMP: Transfer of maintenance records. | FAA | When a U.S.-registered fractional ownership program aircraft maintained under a CAMP is removed from the list of program aircraft in the management specifications, the program manager must transfer to the purchaser, at the time of the sale, the following records of that aircraft, in plain language form or in coded form that provides for the preservation and retrieval of information in a manner acceptable to the Administrator: (a) The records specified in § 91.1439(a)(2). (b) The records specified in § 91.1439(a)(1) that are not included in the records covered by paragraph (a) of this section, except that the purchaser may allow the program manager to keep physical custody of such records. However, custody of records by the program manager does not relieve the purchaser of its responsibility under § 91.1439(c) to make the records available for inspection by the Administrator or any representative of the National Transportation Safety Board. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.76 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1443 CAMP: Airworthiness release or aircraft maintenance log entry. | FAA | (a) No program aircraft maintained under a CAMP may be operated after maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations are performed unless qualified, certificated personnel employed by the program manager prepare, or cause the person with whom the program manager arranges for the performance of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations, to prepare— (1) An airworthiness release; or (2) An appropriate entry in the aircraft maintenance log. (b) The airworthiness release or log entry required by paragraph (a) of this section must— (1) Be prepared in accordance with the procedure in the program manager's manual; (2) Include a certification that— (i) The work was performed in accordance with the requirements of the program manager's manual; (ii) All items required to be inspected were inspected by an authorized person who determined that the work was satisfactorily completed; (iii) No known condition exists that would make the aircraft unairworthy; (iv) So far as the work performed is concerned, the aircraft is in condition for safe operation; and (3) Be signed by an authorized certificated mechanic. (c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(3) of this section, after maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations performed by a repair station certificated under the provisions of part 145 of this chapter, the approval for return to service or log entry required by paragraph (a) of this section may be signed by a person authorized by that repair station. (d) Instead of restating each of the conditions of the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section, the program manager may state in its manual that the signature of an authorized certificated mechanic or repairman constitutes that certification. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.11.8.9 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | K | Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations | § 91.1014 Issuing or denying management specifications. | FAA | (a) A person applying to the Administrator for management specifications under this subpart must submit an application— (1) In a form and manner prescribed by the Administrator; and (2) Containing any information the Administrator requires the applicant to submit. (b) Management specifications will be issued to the program manager on behalf of the fractional owners if, after investigation, the Administrator finds that the applicant: (1) Meets the applicable requirements of this subpart; and (2) Is properly and adequately equipped in accordance with the requirements of this chapter and is able to conduct safe operations under appropriate provisions of part 91 of this chapter and management specifications issued under this subpart. (c) An application for management specifications will be denied if the Administrator finds that the applicant is not properly or adequately equipped or is not able to conduct safe operations under this part. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.12.9.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | L | Subpart L—Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements | § 91.1501 Purpose and definition. | FAA | [Amdt. 91-297, 72 FR 63410, Nov. 8, 2007, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) This subpart requires operators to support the continued airworthiness of each airplane. These requirements may include, but are not limited to, revising the inspection program, incorporating design changes, and incorporating revisions to Instructions for Continued Airworthiness. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.12.9.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | L | Subpart L—Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements | § 91.1503 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.12.9.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | L | Subpart L—Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements | § 91.1505 Repairs assessment for pressurized fuselages. | FAA | [Docket 29104, 65 FR 24125, Apr. 25, 2000; 65 FR 35703, June 5, 2000; 65 FR 50744, Aug. 21, 2000, as amended by Amdt. 91-266, 66 FR 23130, May 7, 2001; Amdt. 91-277, 67 FR 72834, Dec. 9, 2002; Amdt. 91-283, 69 FR 45941, July 30, 2004. Redesignated and amended by Amdt. 91-297, 72 FR 63410, Nov. 8, 2007; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) No person may operate an Airbus Model A300 (excluding the -600 series), British Aerospace Model BAC 1-11, Boeing Model 707, 720, 727, 737 or 747, McDonnell Douglas Model DC-8, DC-9/MD-80 or DC-10, Fokker Model F28, or Lockheed Model L-1011 airplane beyond applicable flight cycle implementation time specified below, or May 25, 2001, whichever occurs later, unless repair assessment guidelines applicable to the fuselage pressure boundary (fuselage skin, door skin, and bulkhead webs) are incorporated within its inspection program. The repair assessment guidelines must be approved by the responsible Aircraft Certification Service office for the type certificate for the affected airplane. (1) For the Airbus Model A300 (excluding the -600 series), the flight cycle implementation time is: (i) Model B2: 36,000 flights. (ii) Model B4-100 (including Model B4-2C): 30,000 flights above the window line, and 36,000 flights below the window line. (iii) Model B4-200: 25,500 flights above the window line, and 34,000 flights below the window line. (2) For all models of the British Aerospace BAC 1-11, the flight cycle implementation time is 60,000 flights. (3) For all models of the Boeing 707, the flight cycle implementation time is 15,000 flights. (4) For all models of the Boeing 720, the flight cycle implementation time is 23,000 flights. (5) For all models of the Boeing 727, the flight cycle implementation time is 45,000 flights. (6) For all models of the Boeing 737, the flight cycle implementation time is 60,000 flights. (7) For all models of the Boeing 747, the flight cycle implementation time is 15,000 flights. (8) For all models of the McDonnell Douglas DC-8, the flight cycle implementation time is 30,000 flights. (9) For all models of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9/MD-80, the flight cycle implementation time is 60,000 flights. (10) For all models of the McDonnell Douglas DC-10, the flight cycle implementation time is 30,000 flights. (11) For all models of the Lockheed L-1011, the flight cycle implementation tim… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.12.9.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | L | Subpart L—Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements | § 91.1507 Fuel tank system inspection program. | FAA | [Amdt. 91-297, 72 FR 63410, Nov. 8, 2007, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9172, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, this section applies to transport category, turbine-powered airplanes with a type certificate issued after January 1, 1958, that, as a result of original type certification or later increase in capacity, have— (1) A maximum type-certificated passenger capacity of 30 or more, or (2) A maximum payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or more. (b) For each airplane on which an auxiliary fuel tank is installed under a field approval, before June 16, 2008, the operator must submit to the responsible Aircraft Certification Service Office proposed maintenance instructions for the tank that meet the requirements of Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 88 (SFAR 88) of this chapter. (c) After December 16, 2008, no operator may operate an airplane identified in paragraph (a) of this section unless the inspection program for that airplane has been revised to include applicable inspections, procedures, and limitations for fuel tank systems. (d) The proposed fuel tank system inspection program revisions specified in paragraph (c) of this section must be based on fuel tank system Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA) that have been developed in accordance with the applicable provisions of SFAR 88 of this chapter or § 25.1529 and part 25, Appendix H, of this chapter, in effect on June 6, 2001 (including those developed for auxiliary fuel tanks, if any, installed under supplemental type certificates or other design approval) and that have been approved by the responsible Aircraft Certification Service Office. (e) After December 16, 2008, before returning an airplane to service after any alterations for which fuel tank ICA are developed under SFAR 88, or under § 25.1529 in effect on June 6, 2001, the operator must include in the inspection program for the airplane inspections and procedures for the fuel tank system based on those ICA. (f) The fuel tank system inspection program changes identified in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section and any later fuel tank sy… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.13.9.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | M | Subpart M—Special Federal Aviation Regulations | § 91.1603 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 112—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Territory and Airspace of Libya. | FAA | [Docket No FAA-2011-0246, Amdt. 91-321E, 85 FR 45091, July 27, 2020, as amended by Docket FAA-2011-0246, Amdt. 91-321F, 88 FR 16878, Mar. 21, 2023; FAA-2011-0246, Amdt. 91-321G, 90 FR 13076, Mar. 19, 2025] | (a) Applicability. This Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) applies to the following persons: (1) All U.S. air carriers and U.S. commercial operators; (2) All persons exercising the privileges of an airman certificate issued by the FAA, except when such persons are operating U.S.-registered aircraft for a foreign air carrier; and (3) All operators of U.S.-registered civil aircraft, except when the operator of such aircraft is a foreign air carrier. (b) Flight prohibition. Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, no person described in paragraph (a) of this section may conduct flight operations in the territory and airspace of Libya. (c) Permitted operations. This section does not prohibit persons described in paragraph (a) of this section from conducting flight operations in the territory and airspace of Libya, provided that such flight operations occur under a contract, grant, or cooperative agreement with a department, agency, or instrumentality of the U.S. Government (or under a subcontract between the prime contractor of the department, agency, or instrumentality and the person described in paragraph (a) of this section), with the approval of the FAA, or under an exemption issued by the FAA. The FAA will consider requests for approval or exemption in a timely manner, with the order of preference being: First, for those operations in support of U.S. Government-sponsored activities; second, for those operations in support of government-sponsored activities of a foreign country with the support of a U.S. Government department, agency, or instrumentality; and third, for all other operations. (d) Emergency situations. In an emergency that requires immediate decision and action for the safety of the flight, the pilot in command of an aircraft may deviate from this section to the extent required by that emergency. Except for U.S. air carriers and commercial operators that are subject to the requirements of 14 CFR part 119, 121, 125, or 135, each person who deviates from this… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.3.12.13.9.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | F | 91 | PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES | M | Subpart M—Special Federal Aviation Regulations | § 91.1605 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Baghdad Flight Information Region (FIR) (ORBB). | FAA | [Docket FAA-2018-0927, Amdt. 91-353A, 85 FR 65693, Oct. 16, 2020, as amended by Amdt. 91-353B, 87 FR 57390, Sept. 20, 2022; Amdt. 91-353C, 89 FR 83427, Oct. 16, 2024] | (a) Applicability. This section applies to the following persons: (1) All U.S. air carriers and U.S. commercial operators; (2) All persons exercising the privileges of an airman certificate issued by the FAA, except when such persons are operating U.S.-registered aircraft for a foreign air carrier; and (3) All operators of civil aircraft registered in the United States, except when the operator of such aircraft is a foreign air carrier. (b) Flight prohibition. Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, no person described in paragraph (a) of this section may conduct flight operations in the Baghdad Flight Information Region (FIR) (ORBB) at altitudes below Flight Level (FL) 320. (c) Permitted operations. This section does not prohibit persons described in paragraph (a) of this section from conducting flight operations in the Baghdad FIR (ORBB) at altitudes below FL320, provided that such flight operations occur under a contract, grant, or cooperative agreement with a department, agency, or instrumentality of the U.S. Government (or under a subcontract between the prime contractor of the department, agency, or instrumentality, and the person described in paragraph (a) of this section) with the approval of the FAA, or under an exemption issued by the FAA. The FAA will consider requests for approval or exemption in a timely manner, with the order of preference being: first, for those operations in support of U.S. Government-sponsored activities; second, for those operations in support of government-sponsored activities of a foreign country with the support of a U.S. Government department, agency, or instrumentality; and third, for all other operations. (d) Emergency situations. In an emergency that requires immediate decision and action for the safety of the flight, the pilot in command of an aircraft may deviate from this section to the extent required by that emergency. Except for U.S. air carriers and commercial operators that are subject to the requirements of part 119, 121, 125, … |
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title_number INTEGER,
title_name TEXT,
chapter TEXT,
subchapter TEXT,
part_number TEXT,
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subpart TEXT,
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section_number TEXT,
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agency TEXT,
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CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_agency ON cfr_sections(agency);