cfr_sections
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.1 Applicability and definitions. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40893, July 30, 1997 as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44864, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42546, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2011; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42372, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-137, 81 FR 42208, June 28, 2016; Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30276, June 27, 2018; Docket FAA-2023-1351, Amdt. 61-156, 89 FR 80339, Oct. 2, 2024; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92483, Nov. 21, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025] | (a) Except as provided in parts 107 and 194 of this chapter, this part prescribes: (1) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certificates and ratings; the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary; and the privileges and limitations of those certificates and ratings. (2) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor authorizations; the conditions under which those authorizations are necessary; and the privileges and limitations of those authorizations. (3) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certificates and ratings for persons who have taken courses approved by the Administrator under other parts of this chapter. (b) For the purpose of this part: Accredited has the same meaning as defined by the Department of Education in 34 CFR 600.2. Aeronautical experience means pilot time obtained in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device for meeting the appropriate training and flight time requirements for an airman certificate, rating, flight review, or recency of flight experience requirements of this part. Authorized instructor means— (i) A person who holds a ground instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter and is in compliance with § 61.217, when conducting ground training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her ground instructor certificate; (ii) A person who holds a flight instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter and is in compliance with § 61.197, when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her flight instructor certificate; or (iii) A person authorized by the Administrator to provide ground training or flight training under part 61, 121, 135, or 142 of this chapter when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with that authority. Aviation training device means a training device, other than a full flight … | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.10 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.13 Issuance of airman certificates, ratings, and authorizations. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 40895, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-116, 72 FR 18558, Apr. 12, 2007; Amdt. 61-132, 78 FR 77572, Dec. 24, 2013] | (a) Application. (1) An applicant for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization under this part must make that application on a form and in a manner acceptable to the Administrator. (2) An applicant must show evidence that the appropriate fee prescribed in appendix A to part 187 of this chapter has been paid when that person applies for airmen certification services administered outside the United States. (3) An applicant who is neither a citizen of the United States nor a resident alien of the United States may be refused issuance of any U.S. airman certificate, rating or authorization by the Administrator. (4) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, an applicant who satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the certificate, rating, or authorization sought is entitled to receive that airman certificate, rating, or authorization. (b) Limitations. (1) An applicant who cannot comply with certain areas of operation required on the practical test because of physical limitations may be issued an airman certificate, rating, or authorization with the appropriate limitation placed on the applicant's airman certificate provided the— (i) Applicant is able to meet all other certification requirements for the airman certificate, rating, or authorization sought; (ii) Physical limitation has been recorded with the FAA on the applicant's medical records; and (iii) Administrator determines that the applicant's inability to perform the particular area of operation will not adversely affect safety. (2) A limitation placed on a person's airman certificate may be removed, provided that person demonstrates for an examiner satisfactory proficiency in the area of operation appropriate to the airman certificate, rating, or authorization sought. (c) Additional requirements for Category II and Category III pilot authorizations. (1) A Category II or Category III pilot authorization is issued by a letter of authorization as part of an applicant's instrument rating or air… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.11 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.14 Incorporation by Reference. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2022-1463, Amdt. 61-153, 89 FR 22516, Apr. 1, 2024, as amended by Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35211, July 24, 2025] | Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact FAA, Training and Certification Group, 202-267-1100, ACSPTSinquiries@faa.gov. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations or email fr.inspection@nara.gov. The material may be obtained from the Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue SW, Washington DC 20591, 866-835-5322, www.faa.gov/training_testing. (a) Practical Test Standards. (1) FAA-S-8081-3B, Recreational Pilot Practical Test Standards for Airplane Category and Rotorcraft Category, November 2023; IBR approved for § 61.43 and appendix A to this part. (2) FAA-S-8081-7C, Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards for Rotorcraft Category Gyroplane Rating, November 2023; IBR approved for § 61.43 and appendix A to this part. (3) FAA-S-8081-8C, Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards for Glider Category, November 2023; IBR approved for § 61.43 and appendix A to this part. (4) FAA-S-8081-9E, Flight Instructor Instrument Practical Test Standards for Airplane Rating and Helicopter Rating, November 2023; IBR approved for § 61.43 and appendix A to this part. (5) FAA-S-8081-15B, Private Pilot Practical Test Standards for Rotorcraft Category Gyroplane Rating, November 2023; IBR approved for § 61.43 and appendix A to this part. (6) FAA-S-8081-16C, Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards for Rotorcraft Category Gyroplane Rating, November 2023; IBR approved for § 61.43 and appendix A to this part. (7) FAA-S-8081-17A, Private Pilot Practical Test Standards for Lighter-Than-Air Category, November 2023; IBR approved for § 61.43 and appendix A to this part. (8) FAA-S-8081-18A, Commercial Pilot Practical Test Sta… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.12 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.15 Offenses involving alcohol or drugs. | FAA | (a) A conviction for the violation of any Federal or State statute relating to the growing, processing, manufacture, sale, disposition, possession, transportation, or importation of narcotic drugs, marijuana, or depressant or stimulant drugs or substances is grounds for: (1) Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of final conviction; or (2) Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part. (b) Committing an act prohibited by § 91.17(a) or § 91.19(a) of this chapter is grounds for: (1) Denial of an application for a certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of that act; or (2) Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part. (c) For the purposes of paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) of this section, a motor vehicle action means: (1) A conviction after November 29, 1990, for the violation of any Federal or State statute relating to the operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated by alcohol or a drug, while impaired by alcohol or a drug, or while under the influence of alcohol or a drug; (2) The cancellation, suspension, or revocation of a license to operate a motor vehicle after November 29, 1990, for a cause related to the operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated by alcohol or a drug, while impaired by alcohol or a drug, or while under the influence of alcohol or a drug; or (3) The denial after November 29, 1990, of an application for a license to operate a motor vehicle for a cause related to the operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated by alcohol or a drug, while impaired by alcohol or a drug, or while under the influence of alcohol or a drug. (d) Except for a motor vehicle action that results from the same incident or arises out of the same factual circumstances, a motor vehicle action occurring within 3 years of a previous motor vehicle action i… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.13 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.16 Refusal to submit to an alcohol test or to furnish test results. | FAA | A refusal to submit to a test to indicate the percentage by weight of alcohol in the blood, when requested by a law enforcement officer in accordance with § 91.17(c) of this chapter, or a refusal to furnish or authorize the release of the test results requested by the Administrator in accordance with § 91.17(c) or (d) of this chapter, is grounds for: (a) Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of that refusal; or (b) Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.14 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.17 Temporary certificate. | FAA | (a) A temporary pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate or rating is issued for up to 120 days, at which time a permanent certificate will be issued to a person whom the Administrator finds qualified under this part. (b) A temporary pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate or rating expires: (1) On the expiration date shown on the certificate; (2) Upon receipt of the permanent certificate; or (3) Upon receipt of a notice that the certificate or rating sought is denied or revoked. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.15 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.18 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.16 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.19 Duration of pilot and instructor certificates and privileges. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-118, 73 FR 10668, Feb. 28, 2008; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42547, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-124A, 74 FR 53644, Oct. 20, 2009; Docket FAA-2010-1127, Amdt. 61-135, 81 FR 1306, Jan. 12, 2016; Docket FAA-2023-0825, Amdt. 61-155, 89 FR 80049, Oct. 1, 2024] | (a) General. (1) The holder of a certificate with an expiration date may not, after that date, exercise the privileges of that certificate. (2) Except for a certificate issued with an expiration date, a certificate issued under this part is valid unless it is surrendered, suspended, or revoked. (b) Paper student pilot certificate. A student pilot certificate issued under this part prior to April 1, 2016 expires: (1) For student pilots who have not reached their 40th birthday, 60 calendar months after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. (2) For student pilots who have reached their 40th birthday, 24 calendar months after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. (3) For student pilots seeking a glider rating, balloon rating, or a sport pilot certificate, 60 calendar months after the month of the date issued, regardless of the person's age. (c) Pilot certificates. (1) A pilot certificate (including a student pilot certificate issued after April 1, 2016) issued under this part is issued without an expiration date. (2) The holder of a pilot certificate issued on the basis of a foreign pilot license may exercise the privileges of that certificate only while that person's foreign pilot license is effective. (d) Flight instructor certificate. (1) A flight instructor certificate issued under this part on or after December 1, 2024, is issued without an expiration date. (2) A flight instructor certificate issued before December 1, 2024, expires 24 calendar months from the month in which it was issued, renewed, or reinstated, as appropriate. (e) Ground instructor certificate. A ground instructor certificate is issued without an expiration date. (f) Return of certificates. The holder of any airman certificate that is issued under this part, and that has been suspended or revoked, must return that certificate to the FAA when requested to do so by the Administrator. (g) Duration of pilot certificates. Except for a temporary certificate is… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.17 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.21 Duration of a Category II and a Category III pilot authorization (for other than part 121 and part 135 use). | FAA | (a) A Category II pilot authorization or a Category III pilot authorization expires at the end of the sixth calendar month after the month in which it was issued or renewed. (b) Upon passing a practical test for a Category II or Category III pilot authorization, the authorization may be renewed for each type of aircraft for which the authorization is held. (c) A Category II or Category III pilot authorization for a specific type aircraft for which an authorization is held will not be renewed beyond 12 calendar months from the month the practical test was accomplished in that type aircraft. (d) If the holder of a Category II or Category III pilot authorization passes the practical test for a renewal in the month before the authorization expires, the holder is considered to have passed it during the month the authorization expired. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.18 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.23 Medical certificates: Requirement and duration. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40895, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44864, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-121, 73 FR 43064, July 24, 2008; Amdt. 61-121, 73 FR 48125, Aug. 18, 2008; Amdt. 61-123, 74 FR 34234, July 15, 2009; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42547, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-129, 76 FR 78143, Dec. 16, 2011; Amdt. 61-129A, 77 FR 61721, Oct. 11, 2012; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42372, July 15, 2013; Docket FAA-2016-9157, Amdt. 61-140, 82 FR 3164, Jan. 11, 2017; Docket FAA-2021-1040, Amdt. 61-152, 87 FR 71236, Nov. 22, 2022; Docket FAA-2021-1040; Amdt. 61-152, 87 FR 71237, Nov. 22, 2022; Docket FAA-2024-2580, Amdt. 61-158, 89 FR 90577, Nov. 18, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35212, 35218, July 24, 2025] | (a) Operations requiring a medical certificate. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, a person— (1) Must hold a first-class medical certificate: (i) When exercising the pilot-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate; (ii) When exercising the second-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 of this chapter that requires three or more pilots; or (iii) When serving as a required pilot flightcrew member in an operation conducted under part 121 of this chapter if the pilot has reached his or her 60th birthday. (2) Must hold at least a second class medical certificate when exercising: (i) Second-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate in part 121 of this chapter (other than operations specified in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section); (ii) Privileges of a commercial pilot certificate in an aircraft other than a balloon or glider; or (iii) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(5) of this section, privileges of a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon class rating for compensation or hire; or (3) Must hold at least a third-class medical certificate— (i) When exercising the privileges of a private pilot certificate, recreational pilot certificate, or student pilot certificate, except when operating under the conditions and limitations set forth in § 61.113(i); (ii) When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate and acting as the pilot in command or as a required flightcrew member, except when operating under the conditions and limitations set forth in § 61.113(i); (iii) When taking a practical test in an aircraft for a recreational pilot, private pilot, commercial pilot, or airline transport pilot certificate, or for a flight instructor certificate, except when operating under the conditions and limitations set forth in § 61.113(i); or (iv) When performing the duties as an Examiner in an aircraft when administering a practical test or proficiency… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.19 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.25 Change of name. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009] | (a) An application to change the name on a certificate issued under this part must be accompanied by the applicant's: (1) Airman certificate; and (2) A copy of the marriage license, court order, or other document verifying the name change. (b) The documents in paragraph (a) of this section will be returned to the applicant after inspection. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.2 Exercise of Privilege. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42546, Aug. 21, 2009, as amended by Docket FAA-2023-0825, Amdt. 61-155, 89 FR 80049, Oct. 1, 2024] | (a) Validity. No person may: (1) Exercise privileges of a certificate, rating, endorsement, or authorization issued under this part if the certificate, rating or authorization is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired. (2) Exercise privileges of a flight instructor certificate if that flight instructor certificate is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired. (3) Exercise privileges of a foreign pilot certificate to operate an aircraft of foreign registry under § 61.3(b) if the certificate is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired. (4) Exercise privileges of a pilot certificate issued under § 61.75, or an authorization issued under § 61.77, if the foreign pilot certificate relied upon for the issuance of the U.S. pilot certificate or authorization is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired. (5) Exercise privileges of a medical certificate issued under part 67 to meet any requirements of part 61 if the medical certificate is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired according to the duration standards set forth in § 61.23(d). (6) Use an official government issued driver's license to meet any requirements of part 61 related to holding that driver's license, if the driver's license is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired. (b) Currency. No person may: (1) Exercise privileges of an airman certificate, rating, endorsement, or authorization issued under this part unless that person meets the appropriate airman recent experience and medical requirements of this part, specific to the operation or activity. (2) Exercise privileges of a foreign pilot license within the United States to conduct an operation described in § 61.3(b), unless that person meets the appropriate airman recent experience and medical requirements of the country that issued the license, specific to the operation. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.20 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.27 Voluntary surrender or exchange of certificate. | FAA | (a) The holder of a certificate issued under this part may voluntarily surrender it for: (1) Cancellation; (2) Issuance of a lower grade certificate; or (3) Another certificate with specific ratings deleted. (b) Any request made under paragraph (a) of this section must include the following signed statement or its equivalent: “This request is made for my own reasons, with full knowledge that my (insert name of certificate or rating, as appropriate) may not be reissued to me unless I again pass the tests prescribed for its issuance.” | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.21 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.29 Replacement of a lost or destroyed airman or medical certificate or knowledge test report. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40896, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-121, 73 FR 43065, July 24, 2008; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-131, 78 FR 56828, Sept. 16, 2013] | (a) A request for the replacement of a lost or destroyed airman certificate issued under this part must be made: (1) By letter to the Department of Transportation, FAA, Airmen Certification Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, and must be accompanied by a check or money order for the appropriate fee payable to the FAA; or (2) In any other manner and form approved by the Administrator including a request online to Airmen Services at http://www.faa.gov, and must be accompanied by acceptable form of payment for the appropriate fee. (b) A request for the replacement of a lost or destroyed medical certificate must be made: (1) By letter to the Department of Transportation, FAA, Aerospace Medical Certification Division, P.O. Box 26200, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, and must be accompanied by a check or money order for the appropriate fee payable to the FAA; or (2) In any other manner and form approved by the Administrator and must be accompanied by acceptable form of payment for the appropriate fee. (c) A request for the replacement of a lost or destroyed knowledge test report must be made: (1) By letter to the Department of Transportation, FAA, Airmen Certification Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, and must be accompanied by a check or money order for the appropriate fee payable to the FAA; or (2) In any other manner and form approved by the Administrator and must be accompanied by acceptable form of payment for the appropriate fee. (d) The letter requesting replacement of a lost or destroyed airman certificate, medical certificate, or knowledge test report must state: (1) The name of the person; (2) The permanent mailing address (including ZIP code), or if the permanent mailing address includes a post office box number, then the person's current residential address; (3) The certificate holder's date and place of birth; and (4) Any information regarding the— (i) Grade, number, and date of issuance of the airman certificate and ratings, if appropriate; (ii) Class of medical certif… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.22 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 40896, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2011; Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30276, June 27, 2018; FAA-2023-1275; Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92484, Nov. 21, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35212, July 24, 2025] | (a) Type ratings required. A person who acts as a pilot in command of any of the following aircraft must hold a type rating for that aircraft: (1) Large aircraft (except lighter-than-air). (2) Turbojet-powered airplanes. (3) Powered-lift. (4) Other aircraft specified by the Administrator through aircraft type certificate procedures. (b) Authorization in lieu of a type rating. A person may be authorized to operate without a type rating for up to 60 days an aircraft requiring a type rating, provided— (1) The Administrator has authorized the flight or series of flights; (2) The Administrator has determined that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved through the operating limitations on the authorization; (3) The person shows that compliance with paragraph (a) of this section is impracticable for the flight or series of flights; and (4) The flight— (i) Involves only a ferry flight, training flight, test flight, or practical test for a pilot certificate or rating; (ii) Is within the United States; (iii) Does not involve operations for compensation or hire unless the compensation or hire involves payment for the use of the aircraft for training or taking a practical test; and (iv) Involves only the carriage of flight crewmembers considered essential for the flight. (5) If the flight or series of flights cannot be accomplished within the time limit of the authorization, the Administrator may authorize an additional period of up to 60 days to accomplish the flight or series of flights. (c) Aircraft category, class, and type ratings: Limitations on the carriage of persons, or operating for compensation or hire. Unless a person holds a category, class, and type rating (if a class and type rating is required) that applies to the aircraft, that person may not act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying another person, or is operated for compensation or hire. That person also may not act as pilot in command of that aircraft for compensation or hire. (d) Aircraft category, class, and t… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.23 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.33 Tests: General procedure. | FAA | Tests prescribed by or under this part are given at times and places, and by persons designated by the Administrator. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.24 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.35 Knowledge test: Prerequisites and passing grades. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42373, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-130B, 78 FR 77573, Dec. 24, 2013; Amdt. 61-149, 86 FR 62087, Nov. 9, 2021] | (a) An applicant for a knowledge test must have: (1) Received an endorsement, if required by this part, from an authorized instructor certifying that the applicant accomplished the appropriate ground-training or a home-study course required by this part for the certificate or rating sought and is prepared for the knowledge test; (2) For the knowledge test for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating, a graduation certificate for the airline transport pilot certification training program specified in § 61.156; and (3) Proper identification at the time of application that contains the applicant's— (i) Photograph; (ii) Signature; (iii) Date of birth, which shows: (A) For issuance of certificates other than the ATP certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating, the applicant meets or will meet the age requirements of this part for the certificate sought before the expiration date of the airman knowledge test report; and (B) For issuance of an ATP certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating obtained under the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159 or § 61.160, the applicant is at least 18 years of age at the time of the knowledge test; (iv) If the permanent mailing address is a post office box number, then the applicant must provide a current residential address. (b) The Administrator shall specify the minimum passing grade for the knowledge test. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.25 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.37 Knowledge tests: Cheating or other unauthorized conduct. | FAA | (a) An applicant for a knowledge test may not: (1) Copy or intentionally remove any knowledge test; (2) Give to another applicant or receive from another applicant any part or copy of a knowledge test; (3) Give assistance on, or receive assistance on, a knowledge test during the period that test is being given; (4) Take any part of a knowledge test on behalf of another person; (5) Be represented by, or represent, another person for a knowledge test; (6) Use any material or aid during the period that the test is being given, unless specifically authorized to do so by the Administrator; and (7) Intentionally cause, assist, or participate in any act prohibited by this paragraph. (b) An applicant who the Administrator finds has committed an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this section is prohibited, for 1 year after the date of committing that act, from: (1) Applying for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this chapter; and (2) Applying for and taking any test under this chapter. (c) Any certificate or rating held by an applicant may be suspended or revoked if the Administrator finds that person has committed an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this section. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.26 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.39 Prerequisites for practical tests. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42373, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-130B, 78 FR 77573, Dec. 24, 2013; Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30726, June 27, 2018; Amdt. 61-149, 86 FR 62087, Nov. 9, 2021; Docket FAA-2023-0825, Amdt. 61-155, 89 FR 80049, Oct. 1, 2024; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92484, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (e), and (f) of this section, to be eligible for a practical test for a certificate or rating issued under this part, an applicant must: (1) Pass the required knowledge test: (i) Within the 24-calendar-month period preceding the month the applicant completes the practical test, if a knowledge test is required; or (ii) Within the 60-calendar month period preceding the month the applicant completes the practical test for those applicants who complete the airline transport pilot certification training program in § 61.156 and pass the knowledge test for an airline transport pilot certificate with a multiengine class rating after July 31, 2014; (2) Present the knowledge test report at the time of application for the practical test, if a knowledge test is required; (3) Have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and obtained the aeronautical experience prescribed by this part for the certificate or rating sought, and: (i) If applying for the practical test with flight time accomplished under § 61.159(c), present a copy of the records required by § 135.63(a)(4)(vi) and (x) of this chapter; or (ii) If applying for a practical test for the issuance of an initial category and class rating (if a class rating is required) at the private, commercial, or airline transport pilot certificate level in an aircraft that requires a type rating or a flight simulator or flight training device that represents an aircraft that requires a type rating, meet the eligibility requirements for the type rating or already hold the type rating on their pilot certificate; (4) Hold at least a third-class medical certificate, if a medical certificate is required; (5) Meet the prescribed age requirement of this part for the issuance of the certificate or rating sought; (6) Have an endorsement, if required by this part, in the applicant's logbook or training record that has been signed by an authorized instructor who certifies that the applicant— (i) Has received and logged training… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.27 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.40 Relief for U.S. Military and civilian personnel who are assigned outside the United States in support of U.S. Armed Forces operations. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-0825, Amdt. 61-155, 89 FR 80050, Oct. 1, 2024] | (a) Relief. A person who satisfies the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section may use the following documents to demonstrate eligibility to renew a flight instructor certificate, establish recent flight instructor experience, take a practical test, or renew an inspection authorization, as appropriate: (1) For flight instructor certificates issued before December 1, 2024, an expired flight instructor certificate to show eligibility for renewal of a flight instructor certificate under § 61.197; (2) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, for flight instructor certificates issued after December 1, 2024, a record demonstrating the last recent experience event accomplished under § 61.197 to show eligibility to reestablish recent experience under § 61.197; (3) For persons who were issued a flight instructor certificate after December 1, 2024, and who served in a U.S. military or civilian capacity outside the United States in support of a U.S. Armed Forces operation for some period of time during the 24 calendar months following the issuance of the person's flight instructor certificate, a flight instructor certificate demonstrating the date of issuance to show eligibility to establish recent experience under § 61.197; (4) An expired written test report to show eligibility under this part to take a practical test; (5) An expired written test report to show eligibility to take a practical test required under part 63 of this chapter; and (6) An expired written test report to show eligibility to take a practical test required under part 65 of this chapter or an expired inspection authorization to show eligibility for renewal under § 65.93. (b) Eligibility. A person is eligible for the relief specified in paragraph (a) of this section if that person meets the following requirements: (1) The person must have served in a U.S. military or civilian capacity outside the United States in support of a U.S. Armed Forces operation during some period of time beginning on or after September 11, 2001;… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.28 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.41 Flight training received from flight instructors not certificated by the FAA. | FAA | (a) A person may credit flight training toward the requirements of a pilot certificate or rating issued under this part, if that person received the training from: (1) A flight instructor of an Armed Force in a program for training military pilots of either— (i) The United States; or (ii) A foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. (2) A flight instructor who is authorized to give such training by the licensing authority of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, and the flight training is given outside the United States. (b) A flight instructor described in paragraph (a) of this section is only authorized to give endorsements to show training given. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.29 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.43 Practical tests: General procedures. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42549, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30276, June 27, 2018; Docket FAA-2022-1463, Amdt. 61-153, 89 FR 22517, Apr. 1, 2024; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92484, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) Completion of the practical test for a certificate or rating consists of— (1) Performing the tasks specified in the areas of operation contained in the applicable Airman Certification Standards or Practical Test Standards (incorporated by reference, see § 61.14) as listed in appendix A of this part for the airman certificate or rating sought; (2) Demonstrating mastery of the aircraft by performing each task required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section successfully; (3) Demonstrating proficiency and competency of the tasks required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section within the approved standards; and (4) Demonstrating sound judgment. (b) The pilot flight crew complement required during the practical test is based on one of the following requirements that applies to the aircraft being used on the practical test: (1) If the aircraft's FAA-approved flight manual requires the pilot flight crew complement be a single pilot, then the applicant must demonstrate single pilot proficiency on the practical test. (2) If the aircraft's type certification data sheet requires the pilot flight crew complement be a single pilot, then the applicant must demonstrate single pilot proficiency on the practical test. (3) If the FAA Flight Standardization Board report, FAA-approved aircraft flight manual, or aircraft type certification data sheet allows the pilot flight crew complement to be either a single pilot, or a pilot and a copilot, then the applicant may demonstrate single pilot proficiency or have a copilot on the practical test. If the applicant performs the practical test with a copilot, the limitation of “Second in Command Required” will be placed on the applicant's pilot certificate. The limitation may be removed if the applicant passes the practical test by demonstrating single-pilot proficiency in the aircraft in which single-pilot privileges are sought. (c) If an applicant fails any area of operation, that applicant fails the practical test. (d) An applicant is not eligible for a certificate or rating sough… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.3 Requirement for certificates, ratings, privileges, and authorizations. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40894, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-111, 67 FR 65861, Oct. 28, 2002; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44864, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-123, 74 FR 34234, July 15, 2009; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42546, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-124A, 74 FR 53644, Oct. 20, 2009; Amdt. 61-131, 78 FR 56828, Sept. 16, 2013; Amdt. 61-134, 80 FR 33400, June 12, 2015; Docket FAA-2010-1127, Amdt. 61-135, 81 FR 1306, Jan. 12, 2016; Docket FAA-2016-9157, Amdt. 61-140, 82 FR 3164, Jan. 11, 2017; Amdt. 60-6, 83 FR 30276, June 27, 2018; Docket FAA-2021-1040, Amdt. 61-152, 87 FR 71236, Nov. 22, 2022; Docket FAA-2021-1040, Amdt. 61-152, 87 FR 71236, Nov. 22, 2022; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92484, Nov. 21, 2024; FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35211, July 24, 2025] | (a) Required pilot certificate for operating a civil aircraft of the United States. No person may serve as a required pilot flight crewmember of a civil aircraft of the United States, unless that person: (1) Has in the person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that pilot certificate or authorization— (i) A pilot certificate issued under this part and in accordance with § 61.19; (ii) A special purpose pilot authorization issued under § 61.77; (iii) A temporary certificate issued under § 61.17; (iv) A document conveying temporary authority to exercise certificate privileges issued by the Airmen Certification Branch under § 61.29(e); (v) When engaged in a flight operation within the United States for a part 119 certificate holder authorized to conduct operations under part 121 or 135 of this chapter, a temporary document provided by that certificate holder under an approved certificate verification plan; (vi) When engaged in a flight operation within the United States for a fractional ownership program manager authorized to conduct operations under part 91, subpart K, of this chapter, a temporary document provided by that program manager under an approved certificate verification plan; or (vii) When operating an aircraft within a foreign country, a pilot license issued by that country may be used. (2) Has a photo identification that is in that person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that pilot certificate or authorization. The photo identification must be a: (i) Driver's license issued by a State, the District of Columbia, or territory or possession of the United States; (ii) Government identification card issued by the Federal government, a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States; (iii) U.S. Armed Forces' identification card; (iv) Official passport; (v) Credential that authorizes unescorted access to a security identification display area … | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.30 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42549, Aug. 21, 2009; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92484, Nov. 21, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35212, July 24, 2025] | (a) General. Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section or when permitted to accomplish the entire flight increment of the practical test in a flight simulator or a flight training device, an applicant for a certificate or rating issued under this part must furnish: (1) An aircraft of U.S. registry for each required test that— (i) Is of the category, class, and type (if a class or type rating is required) for which the applicant is applying for a certificate or rating; and (ii) Has a standard airworthiness certificate or special airworthiness certificate in the limited, primary, or light-sport category. (2) At the discretion of the examiner who administers the practical test, the applicant may furnish— (i) An aircraft that has an airworthiness certificate other than a standard airworthiness certificate or special airworthiness certificate in the limited, primary, or light-sport category, but that otherwise meets the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section; (ii) An aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a class or type rating is required) of foreign registry that is properly certificated by the country of registry; or (iii) A military aircraft of the same category, class, and type, if aircraft class and type are appropriate, for which the applicant is applying for a certificate or rating, and provided— (A) The aircraft is under the direct operational control of the U.S. Armed Forces; (B) The aircraft is airworthy under the maintenance standards of the U.S. Armed Forces; and (C) The applicant has a letter from his or her commanding officer authorizing the use of the aircraft for the practical test. (b) Required equipment (other than controls). (1) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, an aircraft used for a practical test must have— (i) The equipment for each area of operation required for the practical test; (ii) No prescribed operating limitations that prohibit its use in any of the areas of operation required for the practical test; (iii) Excep… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.31 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.47 Status and responsibilities of an examiner who is authorized by the Administrator to conduct practical tests. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997, as amended by FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92484, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) An examiner represents the Administrator for the purpose of conducting practical tests for certificates and ratings issued under this part and to observe an applicant's ability to perform the areas of operation on the practical test. (b) The examiner is not the pilot in command of the aircraft during the practical test unless the examiner agrees to act in that capacity for the flight or for a portion of the flight by prior arrangement with: (1) The applicant; or (2) A person who would otherwise act as pilot in command of the flight or for a portion of the flight. (c) Notwithstanding the type of aircraft used during the practical test, the applicant and the examiner (and any other occupants authorized to be on board by the examiner) are not subject to the requirements or limitations for the carriage of passengers that are specified in this chapter. (d) An examiner may not conduct a practical test for the issuance of an initial category and class rating (if a class rating is required) at the private, commercial, or airline transport pilot certificate level in an aircraft that requires a type rating or a flight simulator or flight training device that represents an aircraft that requires a type rating unless: (1) The applicant meets the eligibility requirements for a type rating in that aircraft or already holds that type rating on their certificate; and (2) The practical test contains the tasks and maneuvers for a type rating specified in the areas of operation at the airline transport pilot certification level. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.32 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.49 Retesting after failure. | FAA | (a) An applicant for a knowledge or practical test who fails that test may reapply for the test only after the applicant has received: (1) The necessary training from an authorized instructor who has determined that the applicant is proficient to pass the test; and (2) An endorsement from an authorized instructor who gave the applicant the additional training. (b) An applicant for a flight instructor certificate with an airplane category rating or, for a flight instructor certificate with a glider category rating, who has failed the practical test due to deficiencies in instructional proficiency on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, or spin recovery must: (1) Comply with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section before being retested; (2) Bring an aircraft to the retest that is of the appropriate aircraft category for the rating sought and is certificated for spins; and (3) Demonstrate satisfactory instructional proficiency on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery to an examiner during the retest. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.33 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.51 Pilot logbooks. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42549, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2011; Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30277, June 27, 2018; Docket FAA-2023-0825, Amdt. 61-155, 89 FR 80050, Oct. 1, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1351, Amdt. 61-156, 89 FR 80339, Oct. 2, 2024; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92484, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) Training time and aeronautical experience. Each person must document and record the following time in a manner acceptable to the Administrator: (1) Training and aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a certificate, rating, or flight review of this part. (2) The aeronautical experience required for meeting the recent flight experience requirements of this part. (b) Logbook entries. For the purposes of meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, each person must enter the following information for each flight or lesson logged: (1) General— (i) Date. (ii) Total flight time or lesson time. (iii) Location where the aircraft departed and arrived, or for lessons in a full flight simulator or flight training device, the location where the lesson occurred. (iv) Type and identification of aircraft, full flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device, as appropriate. (v) The name of a safety pilot, if required by § 91.109 of this chapter. (2) Type of pilot experience or training— (i) Solo. (ii) Pilot in command. (iii) Second in command. (iv) Flight and ground training received from an authorized instructor. (v) Training received in a full flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device from an authorized instructor. (3) Conditions of flight— (i) Day or night. (ii) Actual instrument. (iii) Simulated instrument conditions in flight, a full flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device. (iv) Use of night vision goggles in an aircraft in flight, in a full flight simulator, or in a flight training device. (c) Logging of pilot time. The pilot time described in this section may be used to: (1) Apply for a certificate or rating issued under this part or a privilege authorized under this part; or (2) Satisfy the recent flight experience requirements of this part. (d) Logging of solo flight time. Except for a student pilot performing the duties of pilot in command of an airship requiring more than… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.34 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.52 Use of aeronautical experience obtained in ultralight vehicles. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010] | (a) Before January 31, 2012, a person may use aeronautical experience obtained in an ultralight vehicle to meet the requirements for the following certificates and ratings issued under this part: (1) A sport pilot certificate. (2) A flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating; (3) A private pilot certificate with a weight-shift-control or powered parachute category rating. (b) Before January 31, 2012, a person may use aeronautical experience obtained in an ultralight vehicle to meet the provisions of § 61.69. (c) A person using aeronautical experience obtained in an ultralight vehicle to meet the requirements for a certificate or rating specified in paragraph (a) of this section or the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section must— (1) Have been a registered ultralight pilot with an FAA-recognized ultralight organization when that aeronautical experience was obtained; (2) Document and log that aeronautical experience in accordance with the provisions for logging aeronautical experience specified by an FAA-recognized ultralight organization and in accordance with the provisions for logging pilot time in aircraft as specified in § 61.51; (3) Obtain the aeronautical experience in a category and class of vehicle corresponding to the rating or privilege sought; and (4) Provide the FAA with a certified copy of his or her ultralight pilot records from an FAA-recognized ultralight organization, that — (i) Document that he or she is a registered ultralight pilot with that FAA-recognized ultralight organization; and (ii) Indicate that he or she is recognized to operate the category and class of aircraft for which sport pilot privileges are sought. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.35 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.53 Prohibition on operations during medical deficiency. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44866, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42550, Aug. 21, 2009] | (a) Operations that require a medical certificate. Except as provided for in paragraph (b) of this section, no person who holds a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter may act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person: (1) Knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to meet the requirements for the medical certificate necessary for the pilot operation; or (2) Is taking medication or receiving other treatment for a medical condition that results in the person being unable to meet the requirements for the medical certificate necessary for the pilot operation. (b) Operations that do not require a medical certificate. For operations provided for in § 61.23(b) of this part, a person shall not act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to operate the aircraft in a safe manner. (c) Operations requiring a medical certificate or a U.S. driver's license. For operations provided for in § 61.23(c), a person must meet the provisions of— (1) Paragraph (a) of this section if that person holds a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter and does not hold a U.S. driver's license. (2) Paragraph (b) of this section if that person holds a U.S. driver's license. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.36 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.55 Second-in-command qualifications. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40898, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-109, 68 FR 54559, Sept. 17, 2003; Amdt. 61-113, 70 FR 45271, Aug. 4, 2005; Amdt. 61-109, 70 FR 61890, Oct. 27, 2005; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42550, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2011; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 61-141, 83 FR 9170, Mar. 5, 2018; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92484, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) A person may serve as a second-in-command of an aircraft type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or in operations requiring a second-in-command pilot flight crewmember only if that person meets the following requirements: (1) Holds at least a private pilot certificate with the appropriate category and class rating; (2) Holds an instrument rating or privilege that applies to the aircraft being flown if the flight is under IFR; (3) Holds at least a pilot type rating for the aircraft being flown unless the flight will be conducted as domestic flight operations within the United States airspace; and (4) If serving as second-in-command of a powered-lift, satisfies the requirements specified in § 194.209 of this chapter. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may serve as a second-in-command of an aircraft type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or in operations requiring a second-in-command unless that person has within the previous 12 calendar months: (1) Become familiar with the following information for the specific type aircraft for which second-in-command privileges are requested— (i) Operational procedures applicable to the powerplant, equipment, and systems. (ii) Performance specifications and limitations. (iii) Normal, abnormal, and emergency operating procedures. (iv) Flight manual. (v) Placards and markings. (2) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, performed and logged pilot time in the type of aircraft or in a flight simulator that represents the type of aircraft for which second-in-command privileges are requested, which includes— (i) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop as the sole manipulator of the flight controls; (ii) Engine-out procedures and maneuvering with an engine out while executing the duties of pilot in command; and (iii) Crew resource management training. (c) If a person complies with the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section in the calendar month befo… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.37 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.56 Flight review. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40898, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20287, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42550, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-131, 78 FR 56828, Sept. 16, 2013; Docket FAA-2023-0825, Amdt. 61-155, 89 FR 80050, Oct. 1, 2024] | (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (f) of this section, a flight review consists of a minimum of 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training. The review must include: (1) A review of the current general operating and flight rules of part 91 of this chapter; and (2) A review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate. (b) Glider pilots may substitute a minimum of three instructional flights in a glider, each of which includes a flight to traffic pattern altitude, in lieu of the 1 hour of flight training required in paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has— (1) Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor and (2) A logbook endorsed from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review. (d) A person who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, passed any of the following need not accomplish the flight review required by this section: (1) A pilot proficiency check or practical test conducted by an examiner, an approved pilot check airman, or a U.S. Armed Force, for a pilot certificate, rating, or operating privilege. (2) A practical test conducted by an examiner for one of the following: (i) The issuance of a flight instructor certificate, (ii) An additional rating on a flight instructor certificate, (iii) To meet the recent experience requirements for a flight instructor certificate in accordance with § 61.197(b)(1); or (iv) The reinstatement of flight instructor privileges in accordance with § 61.199(b)(2). (e) A person who has, within t… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.38 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.57 Recent flight experience: Pilot in command. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40898, July 30, 1997] | (a) General experience. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft carrying persons or of an aircraft certificated for more than one pilot flight crewmember unless that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days, and— (i) The person acted as the sole manipulator of the flight controls; and (ii) The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a class or type rating is required), and, if the aircraft to be flown is an airplane with a tailwheel, the takeoffs and landings must have been made to a full stop in an airplane with a tailwheel. (2) For the purpose of meeting the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, a person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft under day VFR or day IFR, provided no persons or property are carried on board the aircraft, other than those necessary for the conduct of the flight. (3) The takeoffs and landings required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section may be accomplished in a full flight simulator or flight training device that is— (i) Approved by the Administrator for landings; and (ii) Used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter. (b) Night takeoff and landing experience. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying persons during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise, unless within the preceding 90 days that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise, and— (i) That person acted as sole manipulator of the flight controls; and (ii) The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a class or type rating is required). (2) The takeoffs and land… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.39 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.58 Pilot-in-command proficiency check: Operation of an aircraft that requires more than one pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 40899, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-109, 68 FR 54559, Sept. 17, 2003; Amdt. 61-112, 70 FR 54814, Sept. 16, 2005; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54106, Aug. 31, 2011; 76 FR 63184, Oct. 12, 2011; Docket FAA-2022-1355, Amdt. 61-151, 87 FR 75845, Dec. 9, 2022; Docket FAA-2022-1463, Amdt. 61-153, 89 FR 22517, Apr. 1, 2024] | (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, to serve as pilot in command of an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered, a person must— (1) Within the preceding 12 calendar months, complete a pilot-in-command proficiency check in an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered; and (2) Within the preceding 24 calendar months, complete a pilot-in-command proficiency check in the particular type of aircraft in which that person will serve as pilot in command, that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered. (b) This section does not apply to persons conducting operations under subpart K of part 91, part 121, 125, 133, 135, or 137 of this chapter, or persons maintaining continuing qualification under an Advanced Qualification program approved under subpart Y of part 121 of this chapter. (c) The pilot-in-command proficiency check given in accordance with the provisions of subpart K of part 91, part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter may be used to satisfy the requirements of this section. (d) The pilot-in-command proficiency check required by paragraph (a) of this section may be accomplished by satisfactory completion of one of the following: (1) A pilot-in-command proficiency check conducted by a person authorized by the Administrator, consisting of the areas of operation contained in the applicable Airman Certification Standards or Practical Test Standards (incorporated by reference, see § 61.14); as listed in appendix A of this part appropriate to the rating held, in an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet powered; (2) The practical test required for a type rating, in an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered; (3) The initial or periodic practical test required for the issuance of a pilot examiner o… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.4 Qualification and approval of flight simulators and flight training devices. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40895, July 30, 1997] | (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, each flight simulator and flight training device used for training, and for which an airman is to receive credit to satisfy any training, testing, or checking requirement under this chapter, must be qualified and approved by the Administrator for— (1) The training, testing, and checking for which it is used; (2) Each particular maneuver, procedure, or crewmember function performed; and (3) The representation of the specific category and class of aircraft, type of aircraft, particular variation within the type of aircraft, or set of aircraft for certain flight training devices. (b) Any device used for flight training, testing, or checking that has been determined to be acceptable to or approved by the Administrator prior to August 1, 1996, which can be shown to function as originally designed, is considered to be a flight training device, provided it is used for the same purposes for which it was originally accepted or approved and only to the extent of such acceptance or approval. (c) The Administrator may approve a device other than a flight simulator or flight training device for specific purposes. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.40 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.59 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.41 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.60 Change of address. | FAA | The holder of a pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate who has made a change in permanent mailing address may not, after 30 days from that date, exercise the privileges of the certificate unless the holder has notified in writing the FAA, Airman Certification Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, of the new permanent mailing address, or if the permanent mailing address includes a post office box number, then the holder's current residential address. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.5 Certificates and ratings issued under this part. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44864, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-113, 70 FR 45271, Aug. 4, 2005; Docket FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92484, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) The following certificates are issued under this part to an applicant who satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the certificate sought: (1) Pilot certificates— (i) Student pilot. (ii) Sport pilot. (iii) Recreational pilot. (iv) Private pilot. (v) Commercial pilot. (vi) Airline transport pilot. (2) Flight instructor certificates. (3) Ground instructor certificates. (b) The following ratings are placed on a pilot certificate (other than student pilot) when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the rating sought: (1) Aircraft category ratings— (i) Airplane. (ii) Rotorcraft. (iii) Glider. (iv) Lighter-than-air. (v) Powered-lift. (vi) Powered parachute. (vii) Weight-shift-control aircraft. (2) Airplane class ratings— (i) Single-engine land. (ii) Multiengine land. (iii) Single-engine sea. (iv) Multiengine sea. (3) Rotorcraft class ratings— (i) Helicopter. (ii) Gyroplane. (4) Lighter-than-air class ratings— (i) Airship. (ii) Balloon. (5) Weight-shift-control aircraft class ratings— (i) Weight-shift-control aircraft land. (ii) Weight-shift-control aircraft sea. (6) Powered parachute class ratings— (i) Powered parachute land. (ii) Powered parachute sea. (7) Aircraft type ratings— (i) Large aircraft other than lighter-than-air. (ii) Turbojet-powered airplanes. (iii) Powered-lift. (iv) Other aircraft type ratings specified by the Administrator through the aircraft type certification procedures. (8) Instrument ratings (on private and commercial pilot certificates only)— (i) Instrument—Airplane. (ii) Instrument—Helicopter. (iii) Instrument—Powered-lift. (9) Second-in-command pilot type rating for aircraft that is certificated for operations with a minimum crew of at least two pilots. (c) The following ratings are placed on a flight instructor certificate when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the rating sought: (1) Aircraft category r… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.6 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.7 Obsolete certificates and ratings. | FAA | (a) The holder of a free-balloon pilot certificate issued before November 1, 1973, may not exercise the privileges of that certificate. (b) The holder of a pilot certificate that bears any of the following category ratings without an associated class rating may not exercise the privileges of that category rating: (1) Rotorcraft. (2) Lighter-than-air. (3) Helicopter. (4) Autogyro. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.7 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.8 Inapplicability of unmanned aircraft operations. | FAA | [FAA-2020-1067, Amdt. 61-148, 85 FR 79825, Dec. 11, 2020] | Any action conducted pursuant to part 107 of this chapter cannot be used to meet the requirements of this part. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.8 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.9 Inapplicability of simplified flight controls aircraft experience credit. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35211, July 24, 2025] | Notwithstanding the requirements specified in § 61.51(c), any pilot time acquired while operating an airplane or helicopter with a simplified flight controls designation may not be used to satisfy the following aeronautical experience requirements for a private, commercial, or airline transport pilot certificate, except for private pilot applicants who present an aircraft with the simplified flight controls designation to conduct the practical test— (a) The solo flight time requirements in § 61.109(a)(5) or (c)(4); (b) The PIC flight time requirements in § 61.129(a)(2)(i) and (c)(2)(i); (c) The PIC flight time requirements in § 61.159(a)(5); and (d) The PIC flight time requirements in § 61.161(a)(3). | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.9 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | A | Subpart A—General | § 61.11 Expired pilot certificates and re-issuance. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42547, Aug. 21, 2009] | (a) No person who holds an expired pilot certificate or rating may act as pilot in command or as a required pilot flight crewmember of an aircraft of the same category or class that is listed on that expired pilot certificate or rating. (b) The following pilot certificates and ratings have expired and will not be reissued: (1) An airline transport pilot certificate issued before May 1, 1949, or an airline transport pilot certificate that contains a horsepower limitation. (2) A private or commercial pilot certificate issued before July 1, 1945. (3) A pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air or free-balloon rating issued before July 1, 1945. (c) An airline transport pilot certificate that was issued after April 30, 1949, and that bears an expiration date but does not contain a horsepower limitation, may have that airline transport pilot certificate re-issued without an expiration date. (d) A private or commercial pilot certificate that was issued after June 30, 1945, and that bears an expiration date, may have that pilot certificate reissued without an expiration date. (e) A pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air or free-balloon rating that was issued after June 30, 1945, and that bears an expiration date, may have that pilot certificate reissued without an expiration date. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.301 What is the purpose of this subpart and to whom does it apply? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010] | (a) This subpart prescribes the following requirements that apply to a sport pilot certificate: (1) Eligibility. (2) Aeronautical knowledge. (3) Flight proficiency. (4) Aeronautical experience. (5) Endorsements. (6) Privileges and limits. (b) Other provisions of this part apply to the logging of flight time and testing. (c) This subpart applies to applicants for, and holders of, sport pilot certificates. It also applies to holders of recreational pilot certificates and higher, as provided in § 61.303. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.10 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.317 Is my sport pilot certificate issued with aircraft category and class ratings? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025] | Your sport pilot certificate does not list aircraft category and class ratings. When you successfully pass the practical test for a sport pilot certificate, regardless of the aircraft privileges you seek, the FAA will issue you a sport pilot certificate without any category and class ratings. The FAA will provide you with a logbook endorsement for the category and class of aircraft in which you are authorized to act as pilot in command. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.11 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.319 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.12 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.321 How do I obtain privileges to operate an additional category or class of aircraft? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35215, July 24, 2025] | (a) If you hold a sport pilot or higher grade certificate and seek to operate an additional category or class of aircraft meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316 under this subpart, other than an airplane single-engine land or sea or a rotorcraft-helicopter, you must— (1) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who trained you on the applicable aeronautical knowledge areas specified in § 61.309 and areas of operation specified in § 61.311. The endorsement certifies you have met the aeronautical knowledge and flight proficiency requirements for the additional aircraft privilege you seek; (2) Successfully complete a proficiency check from an authorized instructor, other than the instructor who trained you, consisting of the tasks in the appropriate areas of operation contained in the applicable Practical Test Standards or Airman Certification Standards (incorporated by reference, see § 61.14) as listed in appendix A of this part for the additional sport pilot privilege you seek; (3) Complete an application for those privileges on a form and in a manner acceptable to the FAA and present this application to the authorized instructor who conducted the proficiency check specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section; and (4) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who conducted the proficiency check specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section certifying you are proficient in the applicable areas of operation and aeronautical knowledge areas, and that you are authorized for the additional category and class aircraft privilege. (b) If you hold a sport pilot or higher grade certificate and seek to operate an airplane single-engine land or sea or a rotorcraft-helicopter meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316, you must successfully accomplish a practical test for that category and class privilege as specified in § 61.307(b). | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.13 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.323 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.14 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.325 How do I obtain privileges to operate an aircraft meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316 at an airport within, or in airspace within, Class B, C, and D airspace, or in other airspace with an airport having an operational control tower? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025] | If you hold a sport pilot certificate and seek privileges to operate an aircraft meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316 in Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower, you must receive and log ground and flight training. The authorized instructor who provides this training must provide a logbook endorsement that certifies you are proficient in the following aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation: (a) The use of radios, communications, navigation system/facilities, and radar services. (b) Operations at airports with an operating control tower to include three takeoffs and landings to a full stop, with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern, at an airport with an operating control tower. (c) Applicable flight rules of part 91 of this chapter for operations in Class B, C, and D airspace and air traffic control clearances. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.15 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.327 Are there specific endorsement requirements to operate an aircraft based on V | FAA | [Docket FAA-2007-29015, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010, as amended by Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025] | (a) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, if you hold a sport pilot certificate and you seek to operate an aircraft meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316 that is an airplane with a V H less than or equal to 87 knots CAS you must— (1) Receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in an airplane that has a V H less than or equal to 87 knots CAS; and (2) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided the training specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section certifying that you are proficient in the operation of aircraft that is an airplane with a V H less than or equal to 87 knots CAS. (b) If you hold a sport pilot certificate and you seek to operate an aircraft meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316 that has a V H greater than 87 knots CAS you must— (1) Receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft that has a V H greater than 87 knots CAS; and (2) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided the training specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section certifying that you are proficient in the operation of aircraft with a V H greater than 87 knots CAS. (c) The training and endorsements required by paragraph (a) of this section are not required if you have logged flight time as pilot in command of an airplane with a V H less than or equal to 87 knots CAS prior to April 2, 2010. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.16 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.329 How do I obtain privileges to operate an aircraft at night? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35215, July 24, 2025] | You may act as pilot in command with a sport pilot certificate during night operations if you: (a) Receive 3 hours of night flight training in the specific category and class from an authorized instructor that includes— (1) Conduct at least one cross-country flight during the flight training under paragraph (a) of this section at night, with a landing at an airport of at least 25 nautical miles from the departure airport, except for powered parachutes; and (2) Accomplish at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop at night; (b) Either hold a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter or meet the conditions of § 61.113(i) and the operation is conducted consistent with this section. Where the requirements of § 61.316 conflict with § 61.113(i), a sport pilot must comply with § 61.316; and (c) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that you meet the training requirements in paragraph (a) of this section and are proficient in the operation of the aircraft at night in the category and class which the sport pilot seeks privileges. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.17 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.331 How do I obtain privileges to operate an aircraft with retractable landing gear or an airplane with a manual controllable pitch propeller? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35215, July 24, 2025] | (a) If you hold a sport pilot certificate and seek privileges to operate an aircraft with retractable landing gear, you must either— (1) Satisfy the training and endorsement requirements specified in § 61.31(e), or (2) Receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft that has retractable landing gear and receive an endorsement from the instructor certifying that you are proficient to operate the aircraft. (b) If you hold a sport pilot certificate and seek privileges to operate an airplane with a manual controllable pitch propeller, you must either— (1) Satisfy the training and endorsement requirements specified in § 61.31(e), or (2) Receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in an airplane that has a manual controllable pitch propeller and receive an endorsement from the instructor certifying that you are proficient to operate the airplane. (c) The training and endorsement required by paragraph (a) of this section is not required for pilots seeking to operate aircraft intended for operation on water with retractable landing gear if the person logged pilot-in-command time in such an aircraft before October 22, 2025. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.303 If I want to operate an aircraft that satisfies the limitations identified in § 61.316, what operating limits and endorsement requirements in this subpart must I comply with? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35212, July 24, 2025] | (a) Use the following table to determine what operating limits and endorsement requirements in this subpart, if any, apply to you when you operate an aircraft that satisfies the limitations identified in § 61.316. The medical certificate specified in this table must be in compliance with § 61.2 in regard to currency and validity. If you hold a recreational pilot certificate, but not a medical certificate, you must comply with cross country requirements in § 61.101(c), even if your flight does not exceed 50 nautical miles from your departure airport. You must also comply with requirements in other subparts of this part that apply to your certificate and the operation you conduct. In the following table, when the word “aircraft” is used, it refers to aircraft that satisfy the limitations identified in § 61.316. (b) A person using a U.S. driver's license to meet the requirements of this paragraph must— (1) Comply with each restriction and limitation imposed by that person's U.S. driver's license and any judicial or administrative order applying to the operation of a motor vehicle; (2) Have been found eligible for the issuance of at least a third-class airman medical certificate at the time of his or her most recent application (if the person has applied for a medical certificate); (3) Not have had his or her most recently issued medical certificate (if the person has held a medical certificate) suspended or revoked or most recent Authorization for a Special Issuance of a Medical Certificate withdrawn; and (4) Not know or have reason to know of any medical condition that would make that person unable to operate an aircraft in a safe manner. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.305 What are the age and language requirements for a sport pilot certificate? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35213, July 24, 2025] | To be eligible for a sport pilot certificate you must: (a) Be at least 17 years old (or 16 years old if you are applying to operate a glider or balloon). (b) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand English. If you cannot read, speak, write, and understand English because of medical reasons, the FAA may place limits on your certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of an aircraft. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.307 What tests do I have to take to obtain a sport pilot certificate? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35213, July 24, 2025] | To obtain a sport pilot certificate, you must pass the following tests: (a) Knowledge test. You must pass a knowledge test on the applicable aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.309. Before you may take the knowledge test for a sport pilot certificate, you must receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who trained you or reviewed and evaluated your home-study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.309 certifying you are prepared for the test. (b) Practical test. You must pass a practical test on the applicable areas of operation listed in §§ 61.309 and 61.311. Before you may take the practical test for a sport pilot certificate, you must receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided you with flight training on the areas of operation specified in §§ 61.309 and 61.311 in preparation for the practical test. This endorsement certifies that you meet the applicable aeronautical knowledge and flight proficiency requirements and are prepared for the practical test. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.309 What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010] | To apply for a sport pilot certificate you must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or complete a home-study course on the following aeronautical knowledge areas: (a) Applicable regulations of this chapter that relate to sport pilot privileges, limits, and flight operations. (b) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board. (c) Use of the applicable portions of the aeronautical information manual and FAA advisory circulars. (d) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage, dead reckoning, and navigation systems, as appropriate. (e) Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts. (f) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence. (g) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance. (h) Weight and balance computations. (i) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems. (j) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques, as applicable. (k) Aeronautical decision making and risk management. (l) Preflight actions that include— (1) How to get information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements; and (2) How to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot be completed or if you encounter delays. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.6 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.311 What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a sport pilot certificate? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35213, July 24, 2025] | To apply for a sport pilot certificate, you must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the following areas of operation, as appropriate, for airplane single-engine land or sea, glider, gyroplane, helicopter, airship, balloon, powered parachute land or sea, weight-shift-control aircraft land or sea privileges: (a) Preflight preparation. (b) Preflight procedures. (c) Airport, heliport, seaplane base, and gliderport operations, as applicable. (d) Hovering maneuvers (applicable only to helicopters). (e) Takeoffs (or launches), landings, and go-arounds. (f) Performance maneuvers and, for gliders, performance speeds. (g) Ground reference maneuvers (not applicable to gliders, helicopters, and balloons). (h) Soaring techniques (applicable only to gliders). (i) Navigation. (j) Slow flight (not applicable to lighter-than-air aircraft, helicopters, and powered parachutes). (k) Stalls (not applicable to lighter-than-air aircraft, gyroplanes, helicopters, and powered parachutes). (l) Emergency operations. (m) Post-flight procedures. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.7 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.313 What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35213, July 24, 2025] | (a) Aeronautical experience. Use the following table to determine the aeronautical experience you must have to apply for a sport pilot certificate: (b) Flight simulation training device and aviation training device credit. (1) Sport pilot applicants can use up to 2.5 hours of training credit in a qualified flight simulation training device and aviation training device representing the appropriate category and class of aircraft to meet the experience requirements of this part. (2) The training must be provided by an authorized instructor who possesses the appropriate aircraft rating or privilege sought by the applicant. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.8 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.315 What are the privileges and limits of my sport pilot certificate? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35215, July 24, 2025] | (a) If you hold a sport pilot certificate you may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that meets the provisions of § 61.316, except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section. (b) You may share the operating expenses of a flight with a passenger, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenses, or aircraft rental fees. You must pay at least half the operating expenses of the flight. (c) You may not act as pilot in command of an aircraft: (1) That is carrying a passenger or property for compensation or hire. (2) For compensation or hire. (3) In furtherance of a business. (4) While carrying more than one passenger. (5) At night, except as provided in § 61.329. (6) In Class A airspace. (7) In Class B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower unless you have met the requirements specified in § 61.325. (8) Outside the United States, unless you have prior authorization from the country in which you seek to operate. Your sport pilot certificate carries the limit “Holder does not meet ICAO requirements.” (9) To demonstrate the aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer if you are an aircraft salesperson. (10) In a passenger-carrying airlift sponsored by a charitable organization. (11) At an altitude of more than 10,000 feet MSL or 2,000 feet AGL, whichever is higher. (12) When the flight or surface visibility is less than 3 statute miles. (13) Without visual reference to the surface. (14) If the aircraft: (i) Has a V H greater than 87 knots CAS, unless you have met the requirements of § 61.327(b). (ii) Has a V H less than or equal to 87 knots CAS, unless you have met the requirements of § 61.327(a) or have logged flight time as pilot in command of an airplane with a V H less than or equal to 87 knots CAS before April 2, 2010. (15) Contrary to any operating limitation placed on the airworthiness certificate of the aircraft being flown. (16) Contrary to any limit on your pilot… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.10.1.9 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | J | Subpart J—Sport Pilots | § 61.316 What are the performance limits and design requirements for the aircraft that a sport pilot may operate? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35215, July 24, 2025] | (a) If you hold a sport pilot certificate, you may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that, since its original certification, meets the following requirements: (1) A maximum stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed without the use of lift-enhancing devices (V S1 ) of not more than 45 knots CAS, except for airplanes, which must have a V S1 speed of not more than 59 knots CAS at the aircraft's maximum certificated takeoff weight and most critical center of gravity. (2) A maximum seating capacity of two persons, except for airplanes, which may have a maximum seating capacity of four persons. (3) A non-pressurized cabin, if equipped with a cabin. (4) For gyroplanes, a fixed-pitch, semi-rigid, teetering, two-blade rotor system. (5) For powered aircraft other than balloons or airships, the loss of partial power would not adversely affect directional control of the aircraft and the aircraft design must allow the pilot the capability of establishing a controlled descent in the event of a partial or total powerplant failure. (6) For helicopters, they must be certificated with the simplified flight controls designation. (7) For gliders, fixed or retractable landing gear. (8) For powered-aircraft other than a glider, fixed landing gear except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section. (9) For powered-aircraft other than a glider, a fixed, ground-adjustable, or an automated controllable pitch propeller except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) If you hold a sport pilot certificate, you may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that has retractable landing gear or an airplane with a manual controllable pitch propeller if you have met the training and endorsement requirements specified in § 61.331. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.401 What is the purpose of this subpart? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010] | (a) This part prescribes the following requirements that apply to a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating: (1) Eligibility. (2) Aeronautical knowledge. (3) Flight proficiency. (4) Endorsements. (5) Privileges and limits. (b) Other provisions of this part apply to the logging of flight time and testing. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.10 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.417 Will my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating list aircraft category and class ratings? | FAA | [[Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025] | Your flight instructor certificate does not list aircraft category and class ratings. When you successfully pass the practical test for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, regardless of the aircraft privileges you seek, the FAA will issue you a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating without any category and class ratings. The FAA will provide you with a logbook endorsement for the category and class of aircraft you are authorized to provide training in. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.11 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.419 How do I obtain privileges to provide training in an additional category or class of aircraft? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Docket FAA-2022-1463, Amdt. 61-153, 89 FR 22518, Apr. 1, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35216, July 24, 2025] | If you hold a flight instructor certificate issued under subpart H of this part or a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating and seek privileges to provide training under subpart K in an additional category or class of aircraft meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316, you must— (a) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who trained you on the applicable areas of operation specified in § 61.409 certifying you have met the aeronautical knowledge and flight proficiency requirements for the additional category and class flight instructor privilege you seek; (b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, successfully complete a proficiency check from an authorized instructor, other than the instructor who trained you, consisting of the tasks in the appropriate areas of operation contained in the applicable Practical Test Standards or Airman Certification Standards (incorporated by reference, see § 61.14) as listed in appendix A of this part for the additional category and class flight instructor privilege you seek; (c) Complete an application for those privileges on a form and in a manner acceptable to the FAA and present this application to the authorized instructor who conducted the proficiency check specified in paragraph (b) of this section; and (d) Receive a logbook endorsement from the instructor who conducted the proficiency check specified in paragraph (b) of this section certifying you are proficient in the areas of operation and authorized for the additional category and class flight instructor privilege. (e) If you are seeking to add an airplane single-engine land or sea or a rotorcraft-helicopter with simplified flight controls designation privilege to your flight instructor certificate, successfully accomplish a practical test for that category and class privilege as specified in § 61.405. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.12 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.421 May I give myself an endorsement? | FAA | No. If you hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you may not give yourself an endorsement for any certificate, privilege, rating, flight review, authorization, practical test, knowledge test, or proficiency check required by this part. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.13 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.423 What are the recordkeeping requirements for a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010; Docket FAA-2010-1127, Amdt. 61-135, 81 FR 1307, Jan. 12, 2016; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025] | (a) As a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating you must: (1) Sign the logbook of each person to whom you have given flight training or ground training. (2) Keep a record of the name, date, and type of endorsement for: (i) Each person whose logbook you have endorsed for solo flight privileges. (ii) Each person for whom you have provided an endorsement for a knowledge test, practical test, or proficiency check, and the record must indicate the kind of test or check, and the results. (iii) Each person whose logbook you have endorsed as proficient to operate— (A) An additional category or class of aircraft; (B) In Class B, C, and D airspace; at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace; and to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower; (C) An aircraft that is an airplane with a V H less than or equal to 87 knots CAS; and (D) An aircraft with a V H greater than 87 knots CAS. (iv) Each person whose logbook you have endorsed as proficient to provide flight training in an additional category or class of aircraft. (b) Within 10 days after providing an endorsement for a person to operate or provide training in an additional category and class of aircraft you must— (1) Complete, sign, and submit to the FAA the application presented to you to obtain those privileges; and (2) Retain a copy of the form. (c) You must keep the records listed in this section for 3 years. You may keep these records in a logbook or a separate document. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.14 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.425 How do I establish recent experience for my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-0825, Amdt. 61-155, 89 FR 80052, Oct. 1, 2024] | (a) If you hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating issued after December 1, 2024, you must establish recent experience in accordance with § 61.197. (b) If you hold an unexpired flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating issued before December 1, 2024, you must renew your certificate by establishing recent experience in accordance with § 61.197 prior to the month of expiration on your flight instructor certificate. If you fail to establish recent experience prior to the expiration of your flight instructor certificate, you may not exercise flight instructor privileges until you reinstate those privileges in accordance with § 61.427. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.15 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.427 How do I reinstate my flight instructor privileges if I fail to establish recent experience for my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-0825, Amdt. 61-155, 89 FR 80053, Oct. 1, 2024] | If you fail to establish recent experience for your flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you must reinstate your flight instructor privileges by satisfactorily completing one of the following reinstatement requirements: (a) If 3 calendar months or less have passed since the last month of your recent experience period, you must successfully complete an approved flight instructor refresher course consisting of ground training or flight training, or a combination of both, or satisfy the requirements specified in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) If more than 3 calendar months have passed since the last month of the flight instructor's recent experience period, you must pass a practical test as prescribed in § 61.405(b) or § 61.183(h) for one of the ratings listed on your flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating. The FAA will reinstate any privilege authorized by that flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.16 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.429 May I exercise the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating if I hold a flight instructor certificate with another rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35217, July 24, 2025] | If you hold a flight instructor certificate, a commercial pilot certificate with an airship rating, or a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating issued under this part, and you seek to exercise the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you may do so without any further showing of proficiency, subject to the following limits: (a) You are limited to the aircraft category and class ratings listed on your flight instructor certificate, commercial pilot certificate with an airship rating, or commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating, as appropriate, when exercising your flight instructor privileges and the privileges specified in § 61.413. (b) You must comply with the limits specified in § 61.415 and the recordkeeping requirements of § 61.423. (c) If you want to exercise the privileges of your flight instructor certificate in a category or class of aircraft for which you are not currently rated, you must meet all applicable requirements to provide training in an additional category or class of aircraft specified in § 61.419. (d) If you want to exercise the privileges of your flight instructor certificate in a model-specific aircraft that has a simplified flight controls designation, you must meet the training and endorsement requirements specified in § 61.31(l) prior to providing any flight training in that aircraft. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.403 What are the age, language, and pilot certificate requirements for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025] | To be eligible for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating you must: (a) Be at least 18 years old. (b) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand English. If you cannot read, speak, write, and understand English because of medical reasons, the FAA may place limits on your certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of aircraft. (c) Hold at least a sport pilot certificate with category and class ratings or privileges, as applicable, that are appropriate to the flight instructor privileges sought. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.405 What tests do I have to take to obtain a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | To obtain a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating you must pass the following tests: (a) Knowledge test. Before you take a knowledge test, you must receive a logbook endorsement certifying you are prepared for the test from an authorized instructor who trained you or evaluated your home-study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.407. You must pass knowledge tests on— (1) The fundamentals of instructing listed in § 61.407(a), unless you meet the requirements of § 61.407(c); and (2) The aeronautical knowledge areas for a sport pilot certificate applicable to the aircraft category and class for which flight instructor privileges are sought. (b) Practical test. (1) Before you take the practical test, you must— (i) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided you with flight training on the areas of operation specified in § 61.409 that apply to the category and class of aircraft privileges you seek. This endorsement certifies you meet the applicable aeronautical knowledge and experience requirements and are prepared for the practical test; (ii) If you are seeking privileges to provide instruction in an airplane or glider, receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor indicating that you are competent and possess instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures after you have received flight training in those training areas in an airplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certificated for spins; (2) You must pass a practical test— (i) On the areas of operation listed in § 61.409 that are appropriate to the category and class of aircraft privileges you seek; (ii) In an aircraft representative of the category and class of aircraft for the privileges you seek; (iii) In which you demonstrate that you are able to teach stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures if you are seeking privileges to provide instruction in an airplane or glider. If you have not failed a… | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.407 What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009] | (a) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section you must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the fundamentals of instruction that includes: (1) The learning process. (2) Elements of effective teaching. (3) Student evaluation and testing. (4) Course development. (5) Lesson planning. (6) Classroom training techniques. (b) You must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the aeronautical knowledge areas applicable to a sport pilot certificate for the aircraft category and class in which you seek flight instructor privileges. (c) You do not have to meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section if you— (1) Hold a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part; (2) Hold a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality; or (3) Are employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.409 What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35216, July 24, 2025] | You must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the following areas of operation for the aircraft category and class in which you seek flight instructor privileges: (a) Technical subject areas. (b) Preflight preparation. (c) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight. (d) Preflight procedures. (e) Airport, heliport, seaplane base, and gliderport operations, as applicable. (f) Hovering maneuvers (applicable only to helicopters). (g) Takeoffs (or launches), landings, and go-arounds. (h) Fundamentals of flight. (i) Performance maneuvers and, for gliders, performance speeds. (j) Ground reference maneuvers (except for gliders, helicopters, and lighter-than-air). (k) Soaring techniques (gliders only). (l) Slow flight (not applicable to lighter-than-air, helicopters, and powered parachutes). (m) Stalls (not applicable to lighter-than-air, powered parachutes, helicopters, and gyroplanes). (n) Spins (applicable to airplanes and gliders). (o) Emergency operations. (p) Tumble entry and avoidance techniques (applicable to weight-shift-control aircraft). (q) Special operations (helicopter only). (r) Post-flight procedures. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.6 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.411 What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by FAA-2023-1275; Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92483, Nov. 21, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35216, 35218, July 24, 2025] | Use the following table to determine the experience you must have for each aircraft category and class: | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.7 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.412 Do I need additional training to provide instruction on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the instruments in an aircraft based on V | FAA | [Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30280, June 27, 2018, as amended by Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025] | To provide flight training under § 61.93(e)(12) on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the flight instruments for the purpose of issuing a solo cross-country endorsement under § 61.93(c)(1) to a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate, a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating must: (a) Hold an endorsement required by § 61.327(b); (b) Receive and log a minimum of 1 hour of ground training and 3 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor in an airplane with a V H greater than 87 knots CAS or in a full flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device that replicates an airplane with a V H greater than 87 knots CAS; and (c) Receive a one-time endorsement in his or her logbook from an instructor authorized under subpart H of this part who certifies that the person is proficient in providing training on control and maneuvering solely by reference to the flight instruments in an airplane with a V H greater than 87 knots CAS. This flight training must include straight and level flight, turns, descents, climbs, use of radio navigation aids, and ATC directives. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.8 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.413 What are the privileges of my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2010-1127, Amdt. 61-135, 81 FR 1307, Jan. 12, 2016, as amended by Docket FAA-2015-0150, Amdt. 61-137, 81 FR 42208, June 28, 2016; Docket FAA-2023-1351; Amdt. 61-156, 89 FR 80340, Oct. 2, 2024; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35216, July 24, 2025] | (a) If you hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you are authorized, within the limits of your certificate and rating, to conduct ground training, flight training, certain checking events, and to issue endorsements related to: (1) A student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate; (2) A sport pilot certificate; (3) A flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating; (4) A powered parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft rating; (5) Sport pilot privileges; (6) A flight review or operating privilege for a sport pilot, or training to maintain or improve the skills of a sport pilot; (7) A practical test for a sport pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate with a powered parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft rating or a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating; (8) A knowledge test for a sport pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate with a powered parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft rating or a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating; and (9) A proficiency check for an additional category or class privilege for a sport pilot certificate or a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating. (b) A person who holds a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating is authorized, in a form and manner acceptable to the Administrator, to: (1) Accept an application for a student pilot certificate or, for an applicant who holds a pilot certificate (other than a student pilot certificate) issued under part 61 of this chapter and meets the flight review requirements specified in § 61.56, a remote pilot certificate with a small UAS rating; (2) Verify the identity of the applicant; and (3) Verify that an applicant for a student pilot certificate meets the eligibility requirements in § 61.83. (c) The privileges authorized in this section do not permit a person who holds a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating to conduct operations that would otherwise require an air carrier or operating certifi… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.11.1.9 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | K | Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating | § 61.415 What are the limits of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010; Docket FAA-2010-1127, Amdt. 61-135, 81 FR 1307, Jan. 12, 2016; Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30280, June 27, 2018; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35216, 35218, July 24, 2025] | If you hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you may only provide flight training in a light-sport aircraft and are subject to the following limits: (a) You may not provide ground or flight training in any aircraft for which you do not hold: (1) A sport pilot certificate with applicable category and class privileges or a pilot certificate with the applicable category and class rating; and (2) Applicable category and class privileges for your flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating. (b) You may not provide ground or flight training for a private pilot certificate with a powered parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft rating unless you hold: (1) At least a private pilot certificate with the applicable category and class rating; and (2) Applicable category and class privileges for your flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating. (c) You may not conduct more than 8 hours of flight training in any 24-consecutive-hour period. (d) You may not endorse a: (1) Student pilot's logbook for solo flight privileges, unless you have— (i) Given that student the flight training required for solo flight privileges required by this part; and (ii) Determined that the student is prepared to conduct the flight safely under known circumstances, subject to any limitations listed in the student's logbook that you consider necessary for the safety of the flight. (2) Student pilot's logbook for a solo cross-country flight, unless you have determined the student's flight preparation, planning, equipment, and proposed procedures are adequate for the proposed flight under the existing conditions and within any limitations listed in the logbook that you consider necessary for the safety of the flight. (3) Student pilot's logbook for solo flight in Class B, C, and D airspace areas, at an airport within Class B, C, or D airspace and to from, through or on an airport having an operational control tower, unless you have— (i) Given that student ground and flight training in that… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.61 Applicability. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2006-26661, 76 FR 78143, Dec. 16, 2011] | This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of additional aircraft ratings after a pilot certificate is issued, issuance of a type rating concurrently with a pilot certificate, and the requirements for and limitations of pilot authorizations issued by the Administrator. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.10 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.73 Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rules. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42555, Aug. 21, 2009] | (a) General. Except for a person who has been removed from flying status for lack of proficiency or because of a disciplinary action involving aircraft operations, a U.S. military pilot or former military pilot who meets the requirements of this section may apply, on the basis of his or her military pilot qualifications, for: (1) A commercial pilot certificate with the appropriate aircraft category and class rating. (2) An instrument rating with the appropriate aircraft rating. (3) A type rating. (b) Military pilots and former military pilots in the U.S. Armed Forces. A person who qualifies as a military pilot or former military pilot in the U.S. Armed Forces may apply for a pilot certificate and ratings under paragraph (a) of this section if that person— (1) Presents evidentiary documents described under paragraphs (h)(1), (2), and (3) of this section that show the person's status in the U.S. Armed Forces. (2) Has passed the military competency aeronautical knowledge test on the appropriate parts of this chapter for commercial pilot privileges and limitations, air traffic and general operating rules, and accident reporting rules. (3) Presents official U.S. military records that show compliance with one of the following requirements— (i) Before the date of the application, passing an official U.S. military pilot and instrument proficiency check in a military aircraft of the kind of aircraft category, class, and type, if class or type of aircraft is applicable, for the ratings sought; or (ii) Before the date of application, logging 10 hours of pilot time as a military pilot in a U.S. military aircraft in the kind of aircraft category, class, and type, if a class rating or type rating is applicable, for the aircraft rating sought. (c) A military pilot in the Armed Forces of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. A person who is a military pilot in the Armed Forces of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation and is assigned … | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.11 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.75 Private pilot certificate issued on the basis of a foreign pilot license. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42556, Aug. 21, 2009] | (a) General. A person who holds a foreign pilot license at the private pilot level or higher that was issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may apply for and be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate with the appropriate ratings if the foreign pilot license meets the requirements of this section. (b) Certificate issued. A U.S. private pilot certificate issued under this section must specify the person's foreign license number and country of issuance. A person who holds a foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate based on the foreign pilot license without any further showing of proficiency, provided the applicant: (1) Meets the requirements of this section; (2) Holds a foreign pilot license, at the private pilot license level or higher, that does not contain a limitation stating that the applicant has not met all of the standards of ICAO for that license; (3) Does not hold a U.S. pilot certificate other than a U.S. student pilot certificate; (4) Holds a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter or a medical license issued by the country that issued the person's foreign pilot license; and (5) Is able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft. (c) Aircraft ratings issued. Aircraft ratings listed on a person's foreign pilot license, in addition to any issued after testing under the provisions of this part, may be placed on that person's U.S. pilot certificate for private pilot privileges only. (d) Instrument ratings issued. A person who holds an instrument rating on the foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may be issued an … | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.12 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.77 Special purpose pilot authorization: Operation of a civil aircraft of the United States and leased by a non-U.S. citizen. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 40901, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-123, 74 FR 34234, July 15, 2009; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42557, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-134, 80 FR 33401, June 12, 2015; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 61-141, 83 FR 9170, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) General. The holder of a foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation who meets the requirements of this section may be issued a special purpose pilot authorization by the Administrator for the purpose of performing pilot duties— (1) On a civil aircraft of U.S. registry that is leased to a person who is not a citizen of the United States, and (2) For carrying persons or property for compensation or hire for operations in— (i) Scheduled international air services in turbojet-powered airplanes of U.S. registry; (ii) Scheduled international air services in airplanes of U.S. registry having a configuration of more than nine passenger seats, excluding crewmember seats; (iii) Nonscheduled international air transportation in airplanes of U.S. registry having a configuration of more than 30 passenger seats, excluding crewmember seats; or (iv) Scheduled international air services, or nonscheduled international air transportation, in airplanes of U.S. registry having a payload capacity of more than 7,500 pounds. (b) Eligibility. To be eligible for the issuance or renewal of a special purpose pilot authorization, an applicant must present the following to a Flight Standards office: (1) A foreign pilot license issued by the aeronautical authority of a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation that contains the appropriate aircraft category, class, type rating, if appropriate, and instrument rating for the aircraft to be flown; (2) A certification by the lessee of the aircraft— (i) Stating that the applicant is employed by the lessee; (ii) Specifying the aircraft type on which the applicant will perform pilot duties; and (iii) Stating that the applicant has received ground and flight instruction that qualifies the applicant to perform the duties to be assigned on the aircraft. (3) Documentation showing when the applicant will reach the age of 65 years (an official copy of the applicant's birth certificate or other official … | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.63 Additional aircraft ratings (other than for ratings at the airline transport pilot certification level). | FAA | [Docket FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42552, Aug. 21, 2009, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92485, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) General. For an additional aircraft rating on a pilot certificate, other than for an airline transport pilot certificate, a person must meet the requirements of this section appropriate to the additional aircraft rating sought. (b) Additional aircraft category rating. A person who applies to add a category rating to a pilot certificate: (1) Must complete the training and have the applicable aeronautical experience. (2) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor attesting that the person was found competent in the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the appropriate areas of operation. (3) Must pass the practical test. (4) Need not take an additional knowledge test, provided the applicant holds an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, weight-shift-control aircraft, powered parachute, or airship rating at that pilot certificate level. (c) Additional aircraft class rating. A person who applies for an additional class rating on a pilot certificate: (1) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor attesting that the person was found competent in the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the appropriate areas of operation. (2) Must pass the practical test. (3) Need not meet the specified training time requirements prescribed by this part that apply to the pilot certificate for the aircraft class rating sought; unless, the person only holds a lighter-than-air category rating with a balloon class rating and is seeking an airship class rating, then that person must receive the specified training time requirements and possess the appropriate aeronautical experience. (4) Need not take an additional knowledge test, provided the applicant holds an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, weight-shift-control aircraft, powered parachute, or airship rating at that pilot certificate level. (d) Additional aircraft type rating. Except as provided under paragraph (d)(6) of this section, a person who a… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.64 Use of a flight simulator and flight training device. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2006-26661, 76 FR 78143, Dec. 16, 2011, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 61-141, 83 FR 9170, Mar. 5, 2018; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92485, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device. If an applicant for a certificate or rating uses a flight simulator or flight training device for training or any portion of the practical test, the flight simulator and flight training device— (1) Must represent the category, class, and type (if a class or type rating is applicable) for the rating sought; and (2) Must be qualified and approved by the Administrator and used in accordance with an approved course of training under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter; or under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that air carrier operator. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, if an airplane is not used during the practical test for a type rating for a turbojet airplane (except for preflight inspection), an applicant must accomplish the entire practical test in a Level C or higher flight simulator and the applicant must— (1) Hold a type rating in a turbojet airplane of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought, and that type rating may not contain a supervised operating experience limitation; (2) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different turbojet airplanes of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought; (3) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as pilot in command in a turbojet airplane of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought; (4) Have 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane for which the type rating is sought; or (5) Have logged at least 2,000 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours were in turbine-powered airplanes of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought. (c) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, if an airplane is not used during the practical test for a type rating for a turbo-propeller airplane (except for preflight inspection), an applicant must accomplish the entire practical test in a Level C or higher flight simulator and the applicant must— … | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.65 Instrument rating requirements. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40900, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42554, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-127, 76 FR 19267, Apr. 7, 2011; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54106, Aug. 31, 2011; Docket FAA-2015-1846, Amdt. 61-136, 81 FR 21460, Apr. 12, 2016; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92483, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) General. A person who applies for an instrument rating must: (1) Hold at least a current private pilot certificate, or be concurrently applying for a private pilot certificate, with an airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift rating appropriate to the instrument rating sought; (2) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet any of these requirements due to a medical condition, the Administrator may place such operating limitations on the applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft; (3) Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or accomplish a home-study course of training on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section that apply to the instrument rating sought; (4) Receive a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person is prepared to take the required knowledge test; (5) Receive and log training on the areas of operation of paragraph (c) of this section from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, full flight simulator, or flight training device that represents an airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift appropriate to the instrument rating sought; (6) Receive a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person is prepared to take the required practical test; (7) Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section; however, an applicant is not required to take another knowledge test when that person already holds an instrument rating; and (8) Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation in paragraph (c) of this section in— (i) An airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift appropriate to the rating sought; or (ii) A full flight simulator or a flight training device appropriate to the rating sought and for the specific maneuver or instrument approach procedure performed. If an approved flight training device is… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.66 Enhanced Flight Vision System Pilot Requirements. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2013-0485, Amdt. 61-139, 81 FR 90170, Dec. 13, 2016, as amended by Docket FAA-2013-0485, Amdt. 61-139, 81 FR 90172, Dec. 13, 2016] | (a) Ground training. (1) Except as provided under paragraphs (f) and (h) of this section, no person may manipulate the controls of an aircraft or act as pilot in command of an aircraft during an EFVS operation conducted under § 91.176(a) or (b) of this chapter, or serve as a required pilot flightcrew member during an EFVS operation conducted under § 91.176(a) of this chapter, unless that person— (i) Receives and logs ground training under a training program approved by the Administrator; and (ii) Obtains a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized training provider certifying the person satisfactorily completed the ground training appropriate to the category of aircraft for which the person is seeking the EFVS privilege. (2) The ground training must include the following subjects: (i) Those portions of this chapter that relate to EFVS flight operations and limitations, including the Airplane Flight Manual or Rotorcraft Flight Manual limitations; (ii) EFVS sensor imagery, required aircraft flight information, and flight symbology; (iii) EFVS display, controls, modes, features, symbology, annunciations, and associated systems and components; (iv) EFVS sensor performance, sensor limitations, scene interpretation, visual anomalies, and other visual effects; (v) Preflight planning and operational considerations associated with using EFVS during taxi, takeoff, climb, cruise, descent and landing phases of flight, including the use of EFVS for instrument approaches, operating below DA/DH or MDA, executing missed approaches, landing, rollout, and balked landings; (vi) Weather associated with low visibility conditions and its effect on EFVS performance; (vii) Normal, abnormal, emergency, and crew coordination procedures when using EFVS; and (viii) Interpretation of approach and runway lighting systems and their display characteristics when using an EFVS. (b) Flight training. (1) Except as provided under paragraph (h) of this section, no person may manipulate the controls of an aircraft or ac… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.6 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.67 Category II pilot authorization requirements. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40900, July 30, 1997, as amended by FAA-2023-1275; Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92483, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) General. A person who applies for a Category II pilot authorization must hold: (1) At least a private or commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating or an airline transport pilot certificate; (2) A type rating for the aircraft for which the authorization is sought if that aircraft requires a type rating; and (3) A category and class rating for the aircraft for which the authorization is sought. (b) Experience requirements. An applicant for a Category II pilot authorization must have at least— (1) 50 hours of night flight time as pilot in command. (2) 75 hours of instrument time under actual or simulated instrument conditions that may include not more than— (i) A combination of 25 hours of simulated instrument flight time in a flight simulator or flight training device; or (ii) 40 hours of simulated instrument flight time if accomplished in an approved course conducted by an appropriately rated training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter. (3) 250 hours of cross-country time as pilot in command. (c) Practical test requirements. (1) A practical test must be passed by a person who applies for— (i) Issuance or renewal of a Category II pilot authorization; and (ii) The addition of another type aircraft to the applicant's Category II pilot authorization. (2) To be eligible for the practical test for an authorization under this section, an applicant must— (i) Meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section; and (ii) If the applicant has not passed a practical test for this authorization during the 12 calendar months preceding the month of the test, then that person must— (A) Meet the requirements of § 61.57(c); and (B) Have performed at least six ILS approaches during the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the test, of which at least three of the approaches must have been conducted without the use of an approach coupler. (3) The approaches specified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(B) of this section— (i) Must be conducted under actual or simulated inst… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.7 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.68 Category III pilot authorization requirements. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40900, July 30, 1997, as amended by FAA-2023-1275; Amdt. 61-157, 89 FR 92483, Nov. 21, 2024] | (a) General. A person who applies for a Category III pilot authorization must hold: (1) At least a private pilot certificate or commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating or an airline transport pilot certificate; (2) A type rating for the aircraft for which the authorization is sought if that aircraft requires a type rating; and (3) A category and class rating for the aircraft for which the authorization is sought. (b) Experience requirements. An applicant for a Category III pilot authorization must have at least— (1) 50 hours of night flight time as pilot in command. (2) 75 hours of instrument flight time during actual or simulated instrument conditions that may include not more than— (i) A combination of 25 hours of simulated instrument flight time in a flight simulator or flight training device; or (ii) 40 hours of simulated instrument flight time if accomplished in an approved course conducted by an appropriately rated training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter. (3) 250 hours of cross-country time as pilot in command. (c) Practical test requirements. (1) A practical test must be passed by a person who applies for— (i) Issuance or renewal of a Category III pilot authorization; and (ii) The addition of another type of aircraft to the applicant's Category III pilot authorization. (2) To be eligible for the practical test for an authorization under this section, an applicant must— (i) Meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section; and (ii) If the applicant has not passed a practical test for this authorization during the 12 calendar months preceding the month of the test, then that person must— (A) Meet the requirements of § 61.57(c); and (B) Have performed at least six ILS approaches during the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the test, of which at least three of the approaches must have been conducted without the use of an approach coupler. (3) The approaches specified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(B) of this section— (i) Must be conduct… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.8 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.69 Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing: Experience and training requirements. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44866, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42555, Aug. 21, 2009] | (a) No person may act as pilot in command for towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle unless that person— (1) Holds a private, commercial or airline transport pilot certificate with a category rating for powered aircraft; (2) Has logged at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in the aircraft category, class and type, if required, that the pilot is using to tow a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle; (3) Has a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies that the person has received ground and flight training in gliders or unpowered ultralight vehicles and is proficient in— (i) The techniques and procedures essential to the safe towing of gliders or unpowered ultralight vehicles, including airspeed limitations; (ii) Emergency procedures; (iii) Signals used; and (iv) Maximum angles of bank. (4) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, has logged at least three flights as the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft while towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle, or has simulated towing flight procedures in an aircraft while accompanied by a pilot who meets the requirements of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section. (5) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, has received a logbook endorsement from the pilot, described in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, certifying that the person has accomplished at least 3 flights in an aircraft while towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle, or while simulating towing flight procedures; and (6) Within 24 calendar months before the flight has— (i) Made at least three actual or simulated tows of a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle while accompanied by a qualified pilot who meets the requirements of this section; or (ii) Made at least three flights as pilot in command of a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle towed by an aircraft. (b) Any person who, before May 17, 1967, has made and logged 10 or more flights as pilot in command of an aircraft towing a glider or unpowered ultralight v… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.2.1.9 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | B | Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations | § 61.71 Graduates of an approved training program other than under this part: Special rules. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40901, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54107, Aug. 31, 2011; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-144, 85 FR 10920, Feb. 25, 2020] | (a) A person who graduates from an approved training program under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter is considered to have met the applicable aeronautical experience, aeronautical knowledge, and areas of operation requirements of this part if that person presents the graduation certificate and passes the required practical test within the 60-day period after the date of graduation. (b) A person may apply for an airline transport pilot certificate, type rating, or both under this part, and will be considered to have met the applicable requirements under § 61.157, except for the airline transport pilot certification training program required by § 61.156, for that certificate and rating, if that person has: (1) Satisfactorily accomplished an approved training curriculum and a proficiency check for that airplane type that includes all the tasks and maneuvers required by §§ 121.424 and 121.441 of this chapter to serve as pilot in command in operations conducted under part 121 of this chapter; and (2) Applied for an airline transport pilot certificate, type rating, or both within the 60-day period from the date the person satisfactorily accomplished the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) for that airplane type. (c) A person who holds a foreign pilot license and is applying for an equivalent U.S. pilot certificate on the basis of a Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement and associated Implementation Procedures for Licensing may be considered to have met the applicable aeronautical experience, aeronautical knowledge, and areas of operation requirements of this part. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | C | Subpart C—Student Pilots | § 61.81 Applicability. | FAA | This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of student pilot certificates, the conditions under which those certificates are necessary, and the general operating rules and limitations for the holders of those certificates. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | C | Subpart C—Student Pilots | § 61.83 Eligibility requirements for student pilots. | FAA | To be eligible for a student pilot certificate, an applicant must: (a) Be at least 16 years of age for other than the operation of a glider or balloon. (b) Be at least 14 years of age for the operation of a glider or balloon. (c) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft. | ||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | C | Subpart C—Student Pilots | § 61.85 Application. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2010-1127, Amdt. 61-135, 81 FR 1306, Jan. 12, 2016, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 61-141, 83 FR 9170, Mar. 5, 2018] | An applicant for a student pilot certificate: (a) Must make that application in a form acceptable to the Administrator; and (b) Must submit the application to a Flight Standards office, a designated pilot examiner, an airman certification representative associated with a pilot school, a flight instructor, or other person authorized by the Administrator. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | C | Subpart C—Student Pilots | § 61.87 Solo requirements for student pilots. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20287, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44866, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42557, Aug. 21, 2009; Docket FAA-2010-1127, Amdt. 61-135, 81 FR 1306, Jan. 12, 2016] | (a) General. A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo flight unless that student has met the requirements of this section. The term “solo flight” as used in this subpart means that flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft or that flight time during which the student performs the duties of a pilot in command of a gas balloon or an airship requiring more than one pilot flight crewmember. (b) Aeronautical knowledge. A student pilot must demonstrate satisfactory aeronautical knowledge on a knowledge test that meets the requirements of this paragraph: (1) The test must address the student pilot's knowledge of— (i) Applicable sections of parts 61 and 91 of this chapter; (ii) Airspace rules and procedures for the airport where the solo flight will be performed; and (iii) Flight characteristics and operational limitations for the make and model of aircraft to be flown. (2) The student's authorized instructor must— (i) Administer the test; and (ii) At the conclusion of the test, review all incorrect answers with the student before authorizing that student to conduct a solo flight. (c) Pre-solo flight training. Prior to conducting a solo flight, a student pilot must have: (1) Received and logged flight training for the maneuvers and procedures of this section that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft to be flown; and (2) Demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, as judged by an authorized instructor, on the maneuvers and procedures required by this section in the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft to be flown. (d) Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a single-engine airplane. A student pilot who is receiving training for a single-engine airplane rating or privileges must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures: (1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, powerplant operation, and aircraft systems; (2) Taxii… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | C | Subpart C—Student Pilots | § 61.89 General limitations. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44867, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010; Docket FAA-2016-9157, Amdt. 61-140, 82 FR 3165, Jan. 11, 2017; Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025] | (a) A student pilot may not act as pilot in command of an aircraft: (1) That is carrying a passenger; (2) That is carrying property for compensation or hire; (3) For compensation or hire; (4) In furtherance of a business; (5) On an international flight, except that a student pilot may make solo training flights from Haines, Gustavus, or Juneau, Alaska, to White Horse, Yukon, Canada, and return over the province of British Columbia; (6) With a flight or surface visibility of less than 3 statute miles during daylight hours or 5 statute miles at night; (7) When the flight cannot be made with visual reference to the surface; or (8) In a manner contrary to any limitations placed in the pilot's logbook by an authorized instructor. (b) A student pilot may not act as a required pilot flight crewmember on any aircraft for which more than one pilot is required by the type certificate of the aircraft or regulations under which the flight is conducted, except when receiving flight training from an authorized instructor on board an airship, and no person other than a required flight crewmember is carried on the aircraft. (c) A student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate must comply with the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section and may not act as pilot in command— (1) Of an aircraft other than an aircraft meeting the performance limits and design requirements of § 61.316; (2) At night; (3) At an altitude of more than 10,000 feet MSL or 2,000 feet AGL, whichever is higher; (4) In Class B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or on an airport having an operational control tower without having received the ground and flight training specified in § 61.94 and an endorsement from an authorized instructor; (5) Of an aircraft without having received the applicable ground training, flight training, and instructor endorsements specified in § 61.327 (a) and (b). (d) The holder of a student pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircr… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.6 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | C | Subpart C—Student Pilots | § 61.91 [Reserved] | FAA | |||||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.7 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | C | Subpart C—Student Pilots | § 61.93 Solo cross-country flight requirements. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44867, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42557, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010; Docket FAA-2010-1127, Amdt. 61-135, 81 FR 1306, Jan. 12, 2016] | (a) General. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a student pilot must meet the requirements of this section before— (i) Conducting a solo cross-country flight, or any flight greater than 25 nautical miles from the airport from where the flight originated. (ii) Making a solo flight and landing at any location other than the airport of origination. (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a student pilot who seeks solo cross-country flight privileges must: (i) Have received flight training from an instructor authorized to provide flight training on the maneuvers and procedures of this section that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft for which solo cross-country privileges are sought; (ii) Have demonstrated cross-country proficiency on the appropriate maneuvers and procedures of this section to an authorized instructor; (iii) Have satisfactorily accomplished the pre-solo flight maneuvers and procedures required by § 61.87 of this part in the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft for which solo cross-country privileges are sought; and (iv) Comply with any limitations included in the authorized instructor's endorsement that are required by paragraph (c) of this section. (3) A student pilot who seeks solo cross-country flight privileges must have received ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the cross-country maneuvers and procedures listed in this section that are appropriate to the aircraft to be flown. (b) Authorization to perform certain solo flights and cross-country flights. A student pilot must obtain an endorsement from an authorized instructor to make solo flights from the airport where the student pilot normally receives training to another location. A student pilot who receives this endorsement must comply with the requirements of this paragraph. (1) Solo flights may be made to another airport that is within 25 nautical miles from the airport where the student pilot normally receives training, p… | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.8 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | C | Subpart C—Student Pilots | § 61.94 Student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate: Operations at airports within, and in airspace located within, Class B, C, and D airspace, or at airports with an operational control tower in other airspace. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44867, July 27, 2004] | (a) A student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate who wants to obtain privileges to operate in Class B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower, must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in the following aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation: (1) The use of radios, communications, navigation systems and facilities, and radar services. (2) Operations at airports with an operating control tower, to include three takeoffs and landings to a full stop, with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern, at an airport with an operating control tower. (3) Applicable flight rules of part 91 of this chapter for operations in Class B, C, and D airspace and air traffic control clearances. (4) Ground and flight training for the specific Class B, C, or D airspace for which the solo flight is authorized, if applicable, within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight in that airspace. The flight training must be received in the specific airspace area for which solo flight is authorized. (5) Ground and flight training for the specific airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace for which the solo flight is authorized, if applicable, within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight at that airport. The flight and ground training must be received at the specific airport for which solo flight is authorized. (b) The authorized instructor who provides the training specified in paragraph (a) of this section must provide a logbook endorsement that certifies the student has received that training and is proficient to conduct solo flight in that specific airspace or at that specific airport and in those aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation specified in this section. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.9 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | C | Subpart C—Student Pilots | § 61.95 Operations in Class B airspace and at airports located within Class B airspace. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44868, July 27, 2004] | (a) A student pilot may not operate an aircraft on a solo flight in Class B airspace unless: (1) The student pilot has received both ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on that Class B airspace area, and the flight training was received in the specific Class B airspace area for which solo flight is authorized; (2) The logbook of that student pilot has been endorsed by the authorized instructor who gave the student pilot flight training, and the endorsement is dated within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight in that Class B airspace area; and (3) The logbook endorsement specifies that the student pilot has received the required ground and flight training, and has been found proficient to conduct solo flight in that specific Class B airspace area. (b) A student pilot may not operate an aircraft on a solo flight to, from, or at an airport located within Class B airspace pursuant to § 91.131(b) of this chapter unless: (1) The student pilot has received both ground and flight training from an instructor authorized to provide training to operate at that airport, and the flight and ground training has been received at the specific airport for which the solo flight is authorized; (2) The logbook of that student pilot has been endorsed by an authorized instructor who gave the student pilot flight training, and the endorsement is dated within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight at that airport; and (3) The logbook endorsement specifies that the student pilot has received the required ground and flight training, and has been found proficient to conduct solo flight operations at that specific airport. (c) This section does not apply to a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.4.1.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | D | Subpart D—Recreational Pilots | § 61.96 Applicability and eligibility requirements: General. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 21, 2009] | (a) This subpart prescribes the requirement for the issuance of recreational pilot certificates and ratings, the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary, and the general operating rules for persons who hold those certificates and ratings. (b) To be eligible for a recreational pilot certificate, a person who applies for that certificate must: (1) Be at least 17 years of age; (2) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft; (3) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who— (i) Conducted the training or reviewed the applicant's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.97(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and (ii) Certified that the applicant is prepared for the required knowledge test. (4) Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.97(b) of this part; (5) Receive flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who— (i) Conducted the training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.98(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and (ii) Certified that the applicant is prepared for the required practical test. (6) Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.99 of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test; (7) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation listed in § 61.98(b) that apply to the aircraft category and class rating; (8) Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating; and (9) Hold either a student pilot certificate or sport pilot certificate. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.4.1.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | D | Subpart D—Recreational Pilots | § 61.97 Aeronautical knowledge. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997] | (a) General. A person who applies for a recreational pilot certificate must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or complete a home-study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought. (b) Aeronautical knowledge areas. (1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to recreational pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations; (2) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board; (3) Use of the applicable portions of the “Aeronautical Information Manual” and FAA advisory circulars; (4) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage with the aid of a magnetic compass; (5) Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts; (6) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence; (7) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance; (8) Weight and balance computations; (9) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems; (10) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques, if applying for an airplane single-engine rating; (11) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and (12) Preflight action that includes— (i) How to obtain information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements; and (ii) How to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot be completed or delays are encountered. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.4.1.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | D | Subpart D—Recreational Pilots | § 61.98 Flight proficiency. | FAA | [Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997] | (a) General. A person who applies for a recreational pilot certificate must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought. (b) Areas of operation. (1) For a single-engine airplane rating: (i) Preflight preparation; (ii) Preflight procedures; (iii) Airport operations; (iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds; (v) Performance maneuvers; (vi) Ground reference maneuvers; (vii) Navigation; (viii) Slow flight and stalls; (ix) Emergency operations; and (x) Postflight procedures. (2) For a helicopter rating: (i) Preflight preparation; (ii) Preflight procedures; (iii) Airport and heliport operations; (iv) Hovering maneuvers; (v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds; (vi) Performance maneuvers; (vii) Ground reference maneuvers; (viii) Navigation; (ix) Emergency operations; and (x) Postflight procedures. (3) For a gyroplane rating: (i) Preflight preparation; (ii) Preflight procedures; (iii) Airport operations; (iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds; (v) Performance maneuvers; (vi) Ground reference maneuvers; (vii) Navigation; (viii) Flight at slow airspeeds; (ix) Emergency operations; and (x) Postflight procedures. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.4.1.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | D | Subpart D—Recreational Pilots | § 61.99 Aeronautical experience. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2016-6142, Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30277, June 27, 2018 | (a) A person who applies for a recreational pilot certificate must receive and log at least 30 hours of flight time that includes at least— (1) 15 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation listed in § 61.98 that consists of at least: (i) Except as provided in § 61.100, 2 hours of flight training en route to an airport that is located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally trains, which includes at least three takeoffs and three landings at the airport located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally trains; and (ii) Three hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in the aircraft for the rating sought in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test. (2) Three hours of solo flying in the aircraft for the rating sought, on the areas of operation listed in § 61.98 that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought. (b) The holder of a sport pilot certificate may credit flight training received from a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating toward the aeronautical experience requirements of this section if the following conditions are met: (1) The flight training was accomplished in the same category and class of aircraft for which the rating is sought; (2) The flight instructor with a sport pilot rating was authorized to provide the flight training; and (3) The flight training included training on areas of operation that are required for both a sport pilot certificate and a recreational pilot certificate. | |||
| 14:14:2.0.1.1.2.4.1.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | D | 61 | PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS | D | Subpart D—Recreational Pilots | § 61.100 Pilots based on small islands. | FAA | (a) An applicant located on an island from which the flight training required in § 61.99(a)(1) of this part cannot be accomplished without flying over water for more than 10 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline need not comply with the requirements of that section. However, if other airports that permit civil operations are available to which a flight may be made without flying over water for more than 10 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline, the applicant must show completion of a dual flight between two airports, which must include three landings at the other airport. (b) An applicant who complies with paragraph (a) of this section and meets all requirements for the issuance of a recreational pilot certificate, except the requirements of § 61.99(a)(1) of this part, will be issued a pilot certificate with an endorsement containing the following limitation, “Passenger carrying prohibited on flights more than 10 nautical miles from (the appropriate island).” The limitation may be subsequently amended to include another island if the applicant complies with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section for another island. (c) Upon meeting the requirements of § 61.99(a)(1) of this part, the applicant may have the limitation(s) in paragraph (b) of this section removed. |
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chapter TEXT,
subchapter TEXT,
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