cfr_sections
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46 rows where part_number = 600 and title_number = 40 sorted by section_id
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.001 General applicability. | EPA | [76 FR 39524, July 6, 2011, as amended at 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014; 81 FR 74000, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4480, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28200, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) The provisions of this part apply to 2008 and later model year automobiles that are not medium duty passenger vehicles (MDPV FE ), and to 2011 and later model year automobiles including MDPV FE . The test procedures in subpart B of this part also apply to 2014 and later heavy-duty vehicles subject to standards under 40 CFR part 86, subpart S. (b) The provisions of subparts A, D, and F of this part are optional through the 2011 model year in the following cases: (1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the requirements of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles. (2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart. (c) Unless stated otherwise, references to fuel economy or fuel economy data in this part shall also be interpreted to mean the related exhaust emissions of CO 2 , HC, and CO, and where applicable for alternative fuel vehicles, CH 3 OH, C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 4 O, HCHO, NMHC and CH 4 . References to average fuel economy shall be interpreted to also mean average carbon-related exhaust emissions and average CO 2 emissions. References to fuel economy data vehicles shall also be meant to refer to vehicles tested for carbon-related exhaust emissions for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with fleet average CO 2 standards in § 86.1818 of this chapter. (d) The model year of initial applicability for sections in this part is indicated by the section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first model year for which a section is applicable. An individual section continues to apply for later model years until it is replaced by a different section that applies starting in a later model year. Sections that have no two-digit suffix apply for all 2008 and later model year vehicles, ex… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.10 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.011 Incorporation by reference. | EPA | [76 FR 39530, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57379, Sept. 15, 2011; 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014; 88 FR 4480, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024] | Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, EPA must publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at EPA and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact EPA at: U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20004; www.epa.gov/dockets ; (202) 202-1744. For information on inspecting this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html or email fr.inspection@nara.gov . The material may be obtained from the following sources: (a) ASTM International (ASTM). ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; (610) 832-9585; www.astm.org . (1) ASTM D86-23, Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure; Approved March 1, 2023; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f). (2) ASTM D975-13a, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, Approved December 1, 2013; IBR approved for § 600.107-08(b). (3) ASTM D1298-12b, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method, Approved June 1, 2012; IBR approved for §§ 600.113-12(f); 600.510-12(g). (4) ASTM D1319-20a, Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, Approved August 1, 2020; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f). (5) ASTM D1945-03 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas By Gas Chromatography, Approved January 1, 2010; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f) and (k). (6) ASTM D3338/D3338M-20a, Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels, Approve… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.002 Definitions. | EPA | [76 FR 39524, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63178, Oct. 15, 2012; 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014; 81 FR 74000, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4480, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28200, Apr. 18, 2024] | The following definitions apply throughout this part: 3-bag FTP means the Federal Test Procedure specified in part 86 of this chapter, with three sampling portions consisting of the cold-start transient (“Bag 1”), stabilized (“Bag 2”), and hot-start transient phases (“Bag 3”). 4-bag FTP means the 3-bag FTP, with the addition of a sampling portion for the hot-start stabilized phase (“Bag 4”). 5-cycle means the FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP tests as described in subparts B and C of this part. Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative. Alcohol means a mixture containing 85 percent or more by volume methanol, denatured ethanol, or other alcohols, in any combination. Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate on alcohol, but not on gasoline. Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile: (1) Which is designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (2) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in accordance with § 600.510-08(g)(1) or § 600.510-12(g)(1) while operating on alcohol as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (3) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538. Alternative fuel means any of the following: (1) Methanol. (2) Denatured ethanol. (3) Other alcohols. (4) A mixture containing at least 85 percent (or an alternative percentage as specified by the Secretary of Transportation under 49 U.S.C. 32901(b)) of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols by volume with gasoline or other fuels. (5) Natural gas. (6) Liquefied petroleum gas. (7) Hydrogen. (8) Coal derived liquid fuels. (9) Fuels (except alcohol) derived from biological materials. (10) Electricity (including electricity from solar energy). (11) Any other fuel the Secretary of Transportation prescribes by regulation under 49 U.S.C. 32901(a)(1)… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.003 Abbreviations. | EPA | [76 FR 39527, July 6, 2011] | The abbreviations and acronyms used in this part have the same meaning as those in part 86 of this chapter, with the addition of the following: (a) “MPG” or “mpg” means miles per gallon. This may be used to generally describe fuel economy as a quantity, or it may be used as the units associated with a particular value. (b) MPGe means miles per gallon equivalent. This is generally used to quantify a fuel economy value for vehicles that use a fuel other than gasoline. The value represents miles the vehicle can drive with the energy equivalent of one gallon of gasoline. (c) SCF means standard cubic feet. (d) SUV means sport utility vehicle. (e) CREE means carbon-related exhaust emissions. | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.005 Maintenance of records and rights of entry. | EPA | [45 FR 49259, July 24, 1980, as amended at 64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39527, July 6, 2011] | The provisions of this section are applicable to all fuel economy data vehicles. Certification vehicles are required to meet the provisions of § 86.1844 of this chapter. (a) The manufacturer of any new motor vehicle subject to any of the standards or procedures prescribed in this part shall establish, maintain, and retain the following adequately organized and indexed records: (1) General records. (i) Identification and description of all vehicles for which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this part. (ii) A description of all procedures used to test each vehicle. (iii) A copy of the information required to be submitted under § 600.006 fulfills the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. (2) Individual records. A brief history of each vehicle for which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this part, in the form of a separate booklet or other document for each separate vehicle, in which must be recorded: (i) The steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its engine, drive train, fuel system, emission control system components, exhaust after treatment device, vehicle weight, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles. In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should describe the steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its electric traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles. (ii) A complete record of all emission tests performed under part 86 of this chapter, all fuel economy tests performed under this part 600 (except tests actually performed by EPA personnel), and all electric vehicle tests performed according to procedures promulgated by DOE, including all individual worksheets and other documentation relating to each such test or exact copies thereof; the date, time, purpose, and location of each test; the number of miles accumulated on the vehicle when the tests began and… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.006 Data and information requirements for fuel economy data vehicles. | EPA | [71 FR 77929, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25702, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39528, July 6, 2011] | (a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section. (b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle: (i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results, applicable deterioration factors, adjusted exhaust emission levels, and test fuel property values as specified in § 600.113-08. (ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total mileage accumulation, and modification (if any) form the vehicle configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration. (iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle for which data are submitted: (A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures; (B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative of the vehicle configuration listed; and (C) Is in compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards. (2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator upon request: (i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control system, or fuel system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. (ii) In the case of electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles, a description of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior … | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.007 Vehicle acceptability. | EPA | [71 FR 77930, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39529, July 6, 2011; 89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) All certification vehicles and other vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 of this chapter (other than those chosen under the durability-demonstration provisions in § 86.1829 of this chapter), are considered to have met the requirements of this section. (b) Any vehicle not meeting the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section must be judged acceptable by the Administrator under this section in order for the test results to be reviewed for use in subpart C or F of this part. The Administrator will judge the acceptability of a fuel economy data vehicle on the basis of the information supplied by the manufacturer under § 600.006(b). The criteria to be met are: (1) A fuel economy data vehicle may have accumulated not more than 10,000 miles. A vehicle will be considered to have met this requirement if the engine and drivetrain have accumulated 10,000 or fewer miles. The Administrator may specify a different maximum value for electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles that allows for the necessary operation for properly evaluating and characterizing those vehicles under this part. The components installed for a fuel economy test are not required to be the ones with which the mileage was accumulated, e.g., axles, transmission types, and tire sizes may be changed. The Administrator will determine if vehicle/engine component changes are acceptable. (2) A vehicle may be tested in different vehicle configurations by change of vehicle components, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, or by testing in different inertia weight classes. Also, a single vehicle may be tested under different test conditions, i.e., test weight and/or road load horsepower, to generate fuel economy data representing various situations within a vehicle configuration. For purposes of this part, data generated by a single vehicle tested in various test conditions will be treated as if the data were generated by the testing of multiple vehicles. (3) The mileage on a fuel economy data … | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.7 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.008 Review of fuel economy, CO | EPA | [71 FR 77931, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39529, July 6, 2011; 89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) Testing by the Administrator. (1)(i) The Administrator may require that any one or more of the test vehicles be submitted to the Agency, at such place or places as the Agency may designate, for the purposes of conducting fuel economy tests. The Administrator may specify that such testing be conducted at the manufacturer's facility, in which case instrumentation and equipment specified by the Administrator shall be made available by the manufacturer for test operations. The tests to be performed may comprise the FTP, highway fuel economy test, US06, SC03, or Cold temperature FTP or any combination of those tests. Any testing conducted at a manufacturer's facility pursuant to this paragraph shall be scheduled by the manufacturer as promptly as possible. (ii) Starting with the 2012 model year for carbon-related exhaust emissions and with the 2013 model year for CO 2 emissions, the evaluations, testing, and test data described in this section pertaining to fuel economy shall also be performed for CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions, except that CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions shall be arithmetically averaged instead of harmonically averaged, and in cases where the manufacturer selects the lowest of several fuel economy results to represent the vehicle, the manufacturer shall select the CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions value from the test results associated with the lowest selected fuel economy results. (2) Retesting and official data determination. For any vehicles selected for confirmatory testing under the provisions of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the Administrator will follow this procedure: (i) The manufacturer's fuel economy data (or harmonically averaged data if more than one test was conducted) will be compared with the results of the Administrator's test. (ii) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the comparison in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section indicates a disparity in the data, the Administrator will repeat the test or tests as a… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.8 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.009 Hearing on acceptance of test data. | EPA | [76 FR 39530, July 6, 2011] | (a) The manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's decision if the Administrator rejects any of the following: (1) The use of a manufacturer's fuel economy data vehicle, in accordance with § 600.008(e) or (g), or (2) The use of fuel economy data, in accordance with § 600.008(c), or (f), or (3) The determination of a vehicle configuration, in accordance with § 600.206(a), or (4) The identification of a car line, in accordance with § 600.002, or (5) The fuel economy label values determined by the manufacturer under § 600.312-08(a), then: (b) The request for a hearing must be filed in writing within 30 days after being notified of the Administrator's decision. The request must be signed by an authorized representative of the manufacturer and include a statement specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's determinations, with data in support of such objection. (c) If, after the review of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that the request raises one or more substantial factual issues, the Administrator shall provide the manufacturer with a hearing in accordance with the provisions of 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G. (d) A manufacturer's use of any fuel economy data which the manufacturer challenges pursuant to this section shall not constitute final acceptance by the manufacturer nor prejudice the manufacturer in the exercise of any appeal pursuant to this section challenging such fuel economy data. | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.1.13.9 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 600.010 Vehicle test requirements and minimum data requirements. | EPA | [71 FR 77932, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 74 FR 61549, Nov. 25, 2009; 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39530, July 6, 2011] | (a) Unless otherwise exempted from specific emission compliance requirements, for each certification vehicle defined in this part, and for each vehicle tested according to the emission test procedures in part 86 of this chapter for addition of a model after certification or approval of a running change (§ 86.1842 of this chapter, as applicable): (1) The manufacturer shall generate FTP fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. (2) The manufacturer shall generate highway fuel economy data by: (i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or (ii) Using an analytical technique, as described in § 600.006(e). (3) The manufacturer shall generate US06 fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled vehicles operating on alternate fuel may optionally generate this data using the alternate fuel. (4) The manufacturer shall generate SC03 fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled vehicles operating on alternate fuel may optionally generate this data using the alternate fuel. (5) The manufacturer shall generate cold temperature FTP fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled vehicles operating on alternate fuel may optionally generate this data using the alternate fuel. (6) The data generated in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section, shall be submitted to the Administrator in combination with other data for the vehicle required to be submitted in part 86 of this chapter. (b) For each fuel economy data vehicle: (1) The manufacturer shall generate FTP and HFET fuel economy data by: (i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or (ii) Use of an analytical technique as described in § 600.006(e), in addition to testing (e.g., city fuel economy data by testing, highway fuel economy data by analytical technique). (2) The data generated shall be submitted to the Administrator according to t… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.2.13.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | B | Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures | § 600.101 Testing overview. | EPA | [89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024] | Perform testing under this part as described in § 600.111. This involves the following specific requirements: (a) Perform the following tests and calculations for LDV, LDT, and MDPV FE : (1) Testing to demonstrate compliance with Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards and greenhouse gas emission standards generally involves a combination of two cycles—the Federal Test Procedure and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (see 40 CFR 1066.801). Testing to determine values for fuel economy labeling under subpart D of this part generally involves testing with three additional test cycles; § 600.210 describes circumstances in which testing with these additional test cycles does not apply for labeling purposes. (2) Calculate fuel economy and CREE values for vehicle subconfigurations, configurations, base levels, and model types as described in §§ 600.206 and 600.208. Calculate fleet average values for fuel economy and CREE as described in § 600.510. (3) Determine fuel economy values for labeling as described in § 600.210 using either the vehicle-specific 5-cycle method or the derived 5-cycle method as described in § 600.115. (i) For vehicle-specific 5-cycle labels, the test vehicle (subconfiguration) data are adjusted to better represent in-use fuel economy and CO 2 emissions based on the vehicle-specific equations in § 600.114. Sections 600.207 and 600.209 describe how to use the “adjusted” city and highway subconfiguration values to calculate adjusted values for the vehicle configuration, base level, and the model type. These “adjusted” city, highway, and combined fuel economy estimates and the combined CO 2 emissions for the model type are shown on fuel economy labels. (ii) For derived 5-cycle labels, calculate “unadjusted” fuel economy and CO 2 values for vehicle subconfigurations, configurations, base levels, and model types as described in §§ 600.206 and 600.208. Section 600.210 describes how to use the unadjusted model type values to calculate “adjusted” model type values for city, highway, and combined fuel e… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.2.13.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | B | Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures | § 600.107-08 Fuel specifications. | EPA | [76 FR 39531, July 6, 2011] | (a) The test fuel specifications for gasoline, diesel, methanol, and methanol-petroleum fuel mixtures are given in § 86.113 of this chapter, except for cold temperature FTP fuel requirements for diesel and alternative fuel vehicles, which are given in paragraph (b) of this section. (b)(1) Diesel test fuel used for cold temperature FTP testing must comprise a winter-grade diesel fuel as specified in ASTM D975 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). Alternatively, EPA may approve the use of a different diesel fuel, provided that the level of kerosene added shall not exceed 20 percent. (2) The manufacturer may request EPA approval of the use of an alternative fuel for cold temperature FTP testing. (c) Test fuels representing fuel types for which there are no specifications provided in § 86.113 of this chapter may be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.2.13.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | B | Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures | § 600.111-08 Test procedures. | EPA | [79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014, as amended at 88 FR 4481, Jan. 24, 2023] | This section describes test procedures for the FTP, highway fuel economy test (HFET), US06, SC03, and the cold temperature FTP tests. See 40 CFR 1066.801(c) for an overview of these procedures. Perform testing according to test procedures and other requirements contained in this part 600 and in 40 CFR part 1066. This testing includes specifications and procedures for equipment, calibrations, and exhaust sampling. Manufacturers may use data collected according to previously published test procedures for model years through 2021. In addition, we may approve the use of previously published test procedures for later model years as an alternative procedure under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). Manufacturers must comply with regulatory requirements during the transition as described in 40 CFR 86.101 and 86.201. (a) FTP testing procedures. Conduct FTP testing as described in 40 CFR 1066.810 through 1066.820. You may omit evaporative emission measurements for testing under this part 600 unless we specifically require it. (b) Highway fuel economy testing procedures. Conduct HFET testing as described in 40 CFR 1066.840. (c) US06 testing procedures. Conduct US06 testing as described in 40 CFR 1066.830 and 1066.831. (d) SC03 testing procedures. Conduct SC03 testing as described in 40 CFR 1066.830 and 835. (e) Cold temperature FTP procedures. Conduct cold temperature FTP testing as described in 40 CFR part 1066, subpart H. (f) Testing with alternative fuels. For vehicles designed to operate on an alternative fuel in addition to gasoline or diesel fuel, perform FTP and HFET testing as described in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section for each type of fuel on which the vehicle is designed to operate. No US06, SC03, or cold temperature FTP testing is required on the alternative fuel. (g) Testing for vehicles with rechargeable energy storage systems. Test electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles as described in § 600.116. (h) Special test procedures. We may allow or require you to use procedures other than thos… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.2.13.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | B | Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures | § 600.113-12 Fuel economy, CO | EPA | [76 FR 39533, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63179, Oct. 15, 2012; 81 FR 74000, Oct. 25, 2016; 85 FR 25271, Apr. 30, 2020; 88 FR 4481, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28202, Apr. 18, 2024] | The Administrator will use the calculation procedure set forth in this section for all official EPA testing of vehicles fueled with gasoline, diesel, alcohol-based or natural gas fuel. The calculations of the weighted fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission values require input of the weighted grams/mile values for total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ); and, additionally for methanol-fueled automobiles, methanol (CH 3 OH) and formaldehyde (HCHO); and, additionally for ethanol-fueled automobiles, methanol (CH 3 OH), ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), acetaldehyde (C 2 H 4 O), and formaldehyde (HCHO); and additionally for natural gas-fueled vehicles, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and methane (CH 4 ). For manufacturers selecting the fleet averaging option for N 2 O and CH 4 as allowed under § 86.1818 of this chapter the calculations of the carbon-related exhaust emissions require the input of grams/mile values for nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ). Emissions shall be determined for the FTP, HFET, US06, SC03, and cold temperature FTP tests. Additionally, the specific gravity, carbon weight fraction and net heating value of the test fuel must be determined. The FTP, HFET, US06, SC03, and cold temperature FTP fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission values shall be calculated as specified in this section. An example fuel economy calculation appears in appendix II to this part. (a) Calculate the FTP fuel economy as follows: (1) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the FTP test for CO 2 , HC, and CO, and where applicable, CH 3 OH, C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 4 O, HCHO, NMHC, N 2 O, and CH 4 as specified in 40 CFR 1066.605. Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. (2) Calculate separately the grams/mile values for the cold transient phase, stabilized phase and hot transient phase of the FTP test. For vehicles with more than one source of propulsion energy, one of which is a rechargeable energy storage system, or vehicl… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.2.13.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | B | Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures | § 600.114-12 Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission calculations. | EPA | [76 FR 39538, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57379, Sept. 15, 2011; 89 FR 28204, Apr. 18, 2024] | Paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section apply to data used for fuel economy labeling under subpart D of this part. Paragraphs (d) through (f) of this section are used to calculate 5-cycle carbon-related exhaust emission values for the purpose of determining optional credits for CO 2 -reducing technologies under § 86.1866 of this chapter and to calculate 5-cycle CO 2 values for the purpose of fuel economy labeling under subpart D of this part. (a) City fuel economy. For each vehicle tested under § 600.010-08(a), (b), or (c), as applicable, determine the 5-cycle city fuel economy using the following equation: (2) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (a) are defined as follows: Bag Y FE X = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during bag Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature X of 75 °F or 20 °F. SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the SC03 test. US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the “city” portion of the US06 test. (b) Highway fuel economy. (1) For each vehicle tested under § 600.010-08(a), (b), or (c), as applicable, determine the 5-cycle highway fuel economy using the following equation: (2) If the condition specified in § 600.115-08(b)(2)(iii)(B) is met, in lieu of using the calculation in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may optionally determine the highway fuel economy using the following modified 5-cycle equation which utilizes data from FTP, HFET, and US06 tests, and applies mathematic adjustments for Cold FTP and SC03 conditions: (i) Perform a US06 test in addition to the FTP and HFET tests. (ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway fuel economy according to the following formula: (3) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (b) are defined as follows: Bag Y FE X = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during bag Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature X of 75 °F or 20 °F. HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the HFET test. SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the SC… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.2.13.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | B | Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures | § 600.115-11 Criteria for determining the fuel economy label calculation method. | EPA | [76 FR 39547, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 88 FR 4481, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28204, Apr. 18, 2024] | This section provides the criteria to determine if the derived 5-cycle method for determining fuel economy label values, as specified in § 600.210-08(a)(2) or (b)(2) or § 600.210-12(a)(2) or (b)(2), as applicable, may be used to determine label values. Separate criteria apply to city and highway fuel economy for each test group. The provisions of this section are optional. If this option is not chosen, or if the criteria provided in this section are not met, fuel economy label values must be determined according to the vehicle-specific 5-cycle method specified in § 600.210-08(a)(1) or (b)(1) or § 600.210-12(a)(1) or (b)(1), as applicable. However, dedicated alternative-fuel vehicles (other than battery electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles), dual fuel vehicles when operating on the alternative fuel, MDPV FE , and vehicles imported by Independent Commercial Importers may use the derived 5-cycle method for determining fuel economy label values whether or not the criteria provided in this section are met. Manufacturers may alternatively account for this effect for battery electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (when operating in the charge-depleting mode) by multiplying 2-cycle fuel economy values by 0.7 and dividing 2-cycle CO 2 emission values by 0.7. (a) City fuel economy criterion. (1) For each test group certified for emission compliance under § 86.1848 of this chapter, the FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP tests determined to be official under § 86.1835 of this chapter are used to calculate the vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy which is then compared to the derived 5-cycle city fuel economy, as follows: (i) The vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy from the official FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP tests for the test group is determined according to the provisions of § 600.114-08(a) or (c) or § 600.114-12(a) or (c) and rounded to the nearest one tenth of a mile per gallon. (ii) Using the same FTP data as used in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section,… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.2.13.7 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | B | Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures | § 600.116-12 Special procedures related to electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. | EPA | [76 FR 39548, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 77 FR 63182, Oct. 15, 2012; 79 FR 23747, Apr. 28, 2014; 80 FR 9111, Feb. 19, 2015; 81 FR 74001, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4481, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28204, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) Determine fuel economy values for electric vehicles as specified in §§ 600.210 and 600.311 using the procedures of SAE J1634 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). Use the procedures of SAE J1634, Section 8, with the following clarifications and modifications for using this and other sections of SAE J1634: (1) Vehicles that cannot complete the Multi-Cycle Range and Energy Consumption Test (MCT) because they are unable travel the distance required to complete the test with a fully charged battery, or they are unable to achieve the maximum speed on either the UDDS or HFEDS (Highway Fuel Economy Drive Cycle also known as the HFET) cycle should seek Administrator approval to use the procedures outlined in SAE J1634 Section 7 Single Cycle Range and Energy Consumption Test (SCT). (2) The MCT includes the following key-on soak times and key-off soak periods: (i) As noted in SAE J1634 Section 8.3.4, a 15 second key-on pause is required between UDDS 1 and HFEDS 1 , and UDDS 3 and HFEDS 2 . (ii) As noted in SAE J1634 Section 8.3.4, a 10-minute key-off soak period is required between HFEDS 1 and UDDS 2 , and HFEDS 2 and UDDS 4 . (iii) A key-off soak period up to 30 minutes may be inserted between UDDS 2 and the first phase of the mid-test constant speed cycle, between UDDS 4 and the first phase of the end-of-test constant speed cycle, and between the end of the mid-test constant speed cycle and UDDS 3 . Start the next test segment immediately if there is no key-off soak between test segments. (iv) If multiple phases are required during either the mid-test constant speed cycle or the end-of-test constant speed cycle there must be a 5-minute to 30-minute key-off soak period between each constant speed phase as noted in SAE J1634 Section 6.6. (3) As noted in SAE J1634 Section 8.3.4, during all `key-off' soak periods, the key or power switch must be in the “off” position, the hood must be closed, the test cell fan(s) must be off, and the brake pedal not depressed. For vehicles which do not have a key or powe… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.2.13.8 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | B | Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures | § 600.117 Interim provisions. | EPA | [89 FR 28207, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) The following provisions apply instead of other provisions specified in this part through model year 2026: (1) Except as specified in paragraphs (a)(5) and (6) of this section, manufacturers must demonstrate compliance with greenhouse gas emission standards and determine fuel economy values using E0 gasoline test fuel as specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1), regardless of any testing with E10 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) under paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (2) Manufacturers may demonstrate that vehicles comply with emission standards for criteria pollutants as specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, during fuel economy measurements using the E0 gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1), as long as this test fuel is used in fuel economy testing for all applicable duty cycles specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S. If a vehicle fails to meet an emission standard for a criteria pollutant using the E0 gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1), the manufacturer must retest the vehicle using the E10 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California) to demonstrate compliance with all applicable emission standards over that test cycle. (3) If a manufacturer demonstrates compliance with emission standards for criteria pollutants over all five test cycles using the E10 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California), the manufacturer may use test data with the same test fuel to determine whether a test group meets the criteria described in § 600.115 for derived 5-cycle testing for fuel economy labeling. Such vehicles may be tested over the FTP and HFET cycles with the E0 gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1) under this paragraph (a)(3); the vehicles must meet the emission standards for criteria pollutants over those test cycles as described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (4) Manufacturers may perform testing with the appropriate gasoline test fuels specified in… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.3.13.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Values | § 600.206-12 Calculation and use of FTP-based and HFET-based fuel economy, CO | EPA | [76 FR 39551, July 6, 2011, as amended at 89 FR 28207, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) Fuel economy, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions values determined for each vehicle under § 600.113-08(a) and (b) and as approved in § 600.008(c), are used to determine FTP-based city, HFET-based highway, and combined FTP/Highway-based fuel economy, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission values for each vehicle configuration for which data are available. Note that fuel economy for some alternative fuel vehicles may mean miles per gasoline gallon equivalent and/or miles per unit of fuel consumed. For example, electric vehicles will determine miles per kilowatt-hour in addition to miles per gasoline gallon equivalent, and fuel cell vehicles will determine miles per kilogram of hydrogen. (1) If only one set of FTP-based city and HFET-based highway fuel economy values is accepted for a subconfiguration at which a vehicle configuration was tested, these values, rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, comprise the city and highway fuel economy values for that subconfiguration. If only one set of FTP-based city and HFET-based highway CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emission values is accepted for a subconfiguration at which a vehicle configuration was tested, these values, rounded to the nearest gram per mile, comprise the city and highway CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emission values for that subconfiguration. The appropriate CO 2 values for fuel economy labels based on testing with E10 test fuel are the measured tailpipe CO 2 emissions for the test cycle multiplied by 1.0166. (2) If more than one set of FTP-based city and HFET-based highway fuel economy and/or carbon-related exhaust emission values are accepted for a vehicle configuration: (i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in accordance with § 600.208-12(a)(3). (ii) Within each group of data, all fuel economy values are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon … | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.3.13.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Values | § 600.207-12 Calculation and use of vehicle-specific 5-cycle-based fuel economy and CO | EPA | [76 FR 39551, July 6, 2011, as amended at 89 FR 28208, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) Fuel economy and CO 2 emission values determined for each vehicle under § 600.114 and as approved in § 600.008(c), are used to determine vehicle-specific 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 emission values for each vehicle configuration for which data are available. (1) If only one set of 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 emission values is accepted for a vehicle configuration, these values, where fuel economy is rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon and the CO 2 emission value in grams per mile is rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram per mile, comprise the city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 emission values for that configuration. Note that the appropriate vehicle-specific CO 2 values for fuel economy labels based on 5-cycle testing with E10 test fuel are adjusted as described in § 600.114-12. (2) If more than one set of 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 emission values are accepted for a vehicle configuration: (i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in accordance with § 600.209-12(a)(3). (ii) Within each subconfiguration of data, all fuel economy values are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon in order to determine 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy values for each subconfiguration at which the vehicle configuration was tested, and all CO 2 emissions values are arithmetically averaged and rounded to the nearest tenth of gram per mile to determine 5-cycle city and highway CO 2 emission values for each subconfiguration at which the vehicle configuration was tested. Note that the appropriate vehicle-specific CO 2 values for fuel economy labels based on 5-cycle testing with E10 test fuel are adjusted as described in § 600.114-12. (iii) All 5-cycle city fuel economy values and all 5-cycle highway fuel economy values calculated in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section are (separately for city and highway) averaged… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.3.13.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Values | § 600.208-12 Calculation of FTP-based and HFET-based fuel economy, CO | EPA | [76 FR 39552, July 6, 2011, as amended at 81 FR 74002, Oct. 25, 2016; 89 FR 28208, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) Fuel economy, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions for a base level are calculated from vehicle configuration fuel economy, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions as determined in § 600.206-12(a), (b), or (c) as applicable, for low-altitude tests. (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California and in section 177 states are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions from those intended for sale in other states, she will calculate fuel economy, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in California and in section 177 states and for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the states. (2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions of certain designs otherwise included within a model type, a manufacturer may wish to subdivide a model type into one or more additional model types. This is accomplished by separating subconfigurations from an existing base level and placing them into a new base level. The new base level is identical to the existing base level except that it shall be considered, for the purposes of this paragraph, as containing a new basic engine. The manufacturer will be permitted to designate such new basic engines and base level(s) if: (i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the label and on the vehicle bearing that label; (ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not included in any other base level which differs only by basic engine ( i.e., they are not included in the calculation of the original base level fuel economy values); and (iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are represented by test data in accordance with § 600.010(c)(1)(iii). (3) The manufacturer shall supply total m… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.3.13.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Values | § 600.209-12 Calculation of vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy and CO | EPA | [76 FR 39553, July 6, 2011, as amended at 89 FR 28209, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) Base level. 5-cycle fuel economy and CO 2 emission values for a base level are calculated from vehicle configuration 5-cycle fuel economy and CO 2 emission values as determined in § 600.207 for low-altitude tests. Note that the appropriate vehicle-specific CO 2 values for fuel economy labels based on 5-cycle testing with E10 test fuel are adjusted as described in § 600.114-12. (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy and CO 2 emissions from those intended for sale in other states, he will calculate fuel economy and CO 2 emission values for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in California and for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the states. (2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency and CO 2 emissions of certain designs otherwise included within a model type, a manufacturer may wish to subdivide a model type into one or more additional model types. This is accomplished by separating subconfigurations from an existing base level and placing them into a new base level. The new base level is identical to the existing base level except that it shall be considered, for the purposes of this paragraph, as containing a new basic engine. The manufacturer will be permitted to designate such new basic engines and base level(s) if: (i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the label and on the vehicle bearing that label; (ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not included in any other base level which differs only by basic engine ( i.e., they are not included in the calculation of the original base level fuel economy values); and (iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are represented by test data in accordance with § 600.010(c)(i)(ii). (3) The manufacturer shall supply total model year sales projections for each car line/ve… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.3.13.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Values | § 600.210-12 Calculation of fuel economy and CO | EPA | [76 FR 39554, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 77 FR 63183, Oct. 15, 2012; 81 FR 74002, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4483, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28209, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) General labels. Except as specified in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, fuel economy and CO 2 emissions for general labels may be determined by one of two methods. The first is based on vehicle-specific model-type 5-cycle data as determined in § 600.209-12(b). This method is available for all vehicles and is required for vehicles that do not qualify for the second method as described in § 600.115 (other than electric vehicles). The second method, the derived 5-cycle method, determines fuel economy and CO 2 emissions values from the FTP and HFET tests using equations that are derived from vehicle-specific 5-cycle model type data, as determined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. Manufacturers may voluntarily lower fuel economy (MPG) values and raise CO 2 values if they determine that the label values from any method are not representative of the in-use fuel economy and CO 2 emissions for that model type, but only if the manufacturer changes both the MPG values and the CO 2 value and revises any other affected label value accordingly for a model type (including but not limited to the fuel economy 1-10 rating, greenhouse gas 1-10 rating, annual fuel cost, 5-year fuel cost information). Similarly, for any electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, manufacturers may voluntarily lower the fuel economy (MPGe) and raise the energy consumption (kW-hr/100 mile) values if they determine that the label values are not representative of the in-use fuel economy, energy consumption, and CO 2 emissions for that model type, but only if the manufacturer changes both the MPGe and the energy consumption value and revises any other affected label value accordingly for a model type. Manufacturers may voluntarily lower the value for electric driving range if they determine that the label values are not representative of the in-use electric driving range. (1) Vehicle-specific 5-cycle labels. The city and highway model type fuel economy determined in § 600.209-12(b), rounded to the nearest mpg, and the … | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.301 Labeling requirements. | EPA | [76 FR 39558, July 6, 2011] | (a) Prior to being offered for sale, each manufacturer shall affix or cause to be affixed and each dealer shall maintain or cause to be maintained on each automobile: (1) A general fuel economy label (initial, or updated as required in § 600.314) as described in § 600.302 or: (2) A specific label, for those automobiles manufactured or imported before the date that occurs 15 days after general labels have been determined by the manufacturer, as described in § 600.210-08(b) or § 600.210-12(b). (i) If the manufacturer elects to use a specific label within a model type (as defined in § 600.002, he shall also affix specific labels on all automobiles within this model type, except on those automobiles manufactured or imported before the date that labels are required to bear range values as required by paragraph (b) of this section, or determined by the Administrator, or as permitted under § 600.310. (ii) If a manufacturer elects to change from general to specific labels or vice versa within a model type, the manufacturer shall, within five calendar days, initiate or discontinue as applicable, the use of specific labels on all vehicles within a model type at all facilities where labels are affixed. (3) For any vehicle for which a specific label is requested which has a combined FTP/HFET-based fuel economy value, as determined in § 600.513, at or below the minimum tax-free value, the following statement must appear on the specific label: “[Manufacturer's name] may have to pay IRS a Gas Guzzler Tax on this vehicle because of the low fuel economy.” (4)(i) At the time a general fuel economy value is determined for a model type, a manufacturer shall, except as provided in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section, relabel, or cause to be relabeled, vehicles which: (A) Have not been delivered to the ultimate purchaser, and (B) Have a combined FTP/HFET-based model type fuel economy value (as determined in § 600.208-08(b) or § 600.208-12(b) of 0.1 mpg or more below the lowest fuel economy value at which a Gas Guzzler Tax of… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.10 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.313-08 Timetable for data and information submittal and review. | EPA | [64 FR 23975, May 4, 1999. Redesignated at 76 FR 39558, July 6, 2011] | (a) A manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator fuel economy label values and sufficient information to determine fuel economy label values within the following time constraints (except for manufacturers designated under § 600.312(a)(4) who shall submit the information no later than thirty calendar days prior to the date the model type [vehicle] is initially offered for sale. (1) For initial general label values, no later than five working days before the date that the model type is initially offered for sale; (2) For specific label values, no later than five working days before any vehicles are offered for sale; (3) For model types having label values updated because of running changes (as required under § 600.314(b)), the submission must be made at least five working days before the date of implementation of the running change. (b) A manufacturer may not proceed with any label calculation until the data from each vehicle used in such calculation satisfies the requirements of § 600.008, except as allowed under the provisions of § 600.314-01(e) and approved by the Administrator. (c) If the Administrator has waived any testing in paragraph (b) of this section and subsequently finds that the decision to waive testing was based on an incorrect data submission or that a fuel economy offset exists (based on subsequent testing of that manufacturer's product line), the Administrator may require confirmation of the data generated by any such waived vehicle. | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.11 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.314-08 Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. | EPA | [76 FR 39565, July 6, 2011] | (a) The label values established in § 600.312 shall remain in effect for the model year unless updated in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. (b)(1) The manufacturer shall recalculate the model type fuel economy values for any model type containing base levels affected by running changes specified in § 600.507. (2) For separate model types created in § 600.209-08(a)(2) or § 600.209-12(a)(2), the manufacturer shall recalculate the model type values for any additions or deletions of subconfigurations to the model type. Minimum data requirements specified in § 600.010(c) shall be met prior to recalculation. (3) Label value recalculations shall be performed as follows: (i) The manufacturer shall use updated total model year projected sales for label value recalculations. (ii) All model year data approved by the Administrator at the time of the recalculation for that model type shall be included in the recalculation. (iii) Using the additional data under this paragraph (b), the manufacturer shall calculate new model type city and highway values in accordance with § 600.210 except that the values shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. (iv) The existing label values, calculated in accordance with § 600.210, shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. (4)(i) If the recalculated city or highway fuel economy value in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section is less than the respective city or highway value in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by 1.0 mpg or more, the manufacturer shall affix labels with the recalculated model type values (rounded to the nearest whole mpg) to all new vehicles of that model type beginning on the day of implementation of the running change. (ii) If the recalculated city or highway fuel economy value in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section is higher than the respective city or highway value in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by 1.0 mpg or more, then the manufacturer has the option to use the recalculated values for labeling the entire model type beginning on the day of … | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.12 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.315-08 Classes of comparable automobiles. | EPA | [71 FR 77952, Dec. 27, 2006; 72 FR 7921, Feb. 21, 2007, as amended at 74 FR 61552, Nov. 25, 2009; 76 FR 39566, July 6, 2011] | (a) The Secretary will classify automobiles as passenger automobiles or light trucks (nonpassenger automobiles) in accordance with 49 CFR part 523. (1) The Administrator will classify passenger automobiles by car line into one of the following classes based on interior volume index or seating capacity except for those passenger automobiles which the Administrator determines are most appropriately placed in a different classification or classed as special purpose vehicles as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. (i) Two seaters. A car line shall be classed as “Two Seater” if the majority of the vehicles in that car line have no more than two designated seating positions as such term is defined in the regulations of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Department of Transportation (DOT), 49 CFR 571.3. (ii) Minicompact cars. Interior volume index less than 85 cubic feet. (iii) Subcompact cars. Interior volume index greater than or equal to 85 cubic feet but less than 100 cubic feet. (iv) Compact cars. Interior volume index greater than or equal to 100 cubic feet but less than 110 cubic feet. (v) Midsize cars. Interior volume index greater than or equal to 110 cubic feet but less than 120 cubic feet. (vi) Large cars. Interior volume index greater than or equal to 120 cubic feet. (vii) Small station wagons. Station wagons with interior volume index less than 130 cubic feet. (viii) Midsize station wagons. Station wagons with interior volume index greater than or equal to 130 cubic feet but less than 160 cubic feet. (ix) Large station wagons. Station wagons with interior volume index greater than or equal to 160 cubic feet. (2) The Administrator will classify light trucks (nonpassenger automobiles) into the following classes: Small pickup trucks, standard pickup trucks, vans, minivans, and SUVs. Starting in the 2013 model year, SUVs will be divided between small sport utility vehicles and standard sport utility vehicles. Pickup trucks and SUVs are separated by car line… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.13 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.316-08 Multistage manufacture. | EPA | [76 FR 39566, July 6, 2011] | Where more than one person is the manufacturer of a vehicle, the final stage manufacturer (as defined in 49 CFR 529.3) is treated as the vehicle manufacturer for purposes of compliance with this subpart. | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.302-12 Fuel economy label—general provisions. | EPA | [76 FR 39559, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011] | This section describes labeling requirements and specifications that apply to all vehicles. The requirements and specifications in this section and those in §§ 600.304 through 600.310 are illustrated in Appendix VI of this part. (a) Basic format. Fuel economy labels must be rectangular in shape with a minimum width of 174 mm and a minimum height of 114 mm. The required label can be divided into three fields separated and outlined by a continuous border, as described in paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section. (b) Border. Create a continuous black border to outline the label and separate the three information fields. Include the following information in the top and bottom portions of the border: (1) In the left portion of the upper border, include “EPA” and “DOT” with a horizontal line in between (“EPA divided by DOT”). (2) Immediately to the right of the Agency names, include the heading “Fuel Economy and Environment”. (3) Identify the vehicle's fuel type on the right-most portion of the upper border in a blue-colored field as follows: (i) For vehicles designed to operate on a single fuel, identify the appropriate fuel. For example, identify the vehicle as “Gasoline Vehicle”, “Diesel Vehicle”, “Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle”, “Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle”, etc. This includes hybrid electric vehicles that do not have plug-in capability. Include a logo corresponding to the fuel to the left of this designation as follows: (A) For gasoline, include a fuel pump logo. (B) For diesel fuel, include a fuel pump logo with a “D” inscribed in the base of the fuel pump. (C) For natural gas, include the established CNG logo. (D) For hydrogen fuel cells, include the expression “H 2 ”. (ii) Identify flexible-fuel vehicles and dual-fuel vehicles as “Flexible-Fuel Vehicle Gasoline-Ethanol (E85)”, “Flexible-Fuel Vehicle Diesel-Natural Gas”, etc. Include a fuel pump logo or a combination of logos to the left of this designation as appropriate. For example, for vehicles that operate on gasoline or ethanol, include a… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.303-12 Fuel economy label—special requirements for flexible-fuel vehicles. | EPA | [76 FR 39561, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63183, Oct. 15, 2012] | Fuel economy labels for flexible-fuel vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the modifications described in this section. This section describes how to label flexible-fuel vehicles equipped with gasoline engines. If the vehicle has a diesel engine, all the references to “gas” or “gasoline” in this section are understood to refer to “diesel” or “diesel fuel”, respectively. All values described in this section are based on gasoline operation, unless otherwise specifically noted. (a) For qualifying vehicles, include the following additional sentence in the statement identified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “This is a dual fueled automobile.” See the definition of “dual fueled automobile” in § 600.002. (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. (2) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the heading. Include the expression “combined city/hwy” below this number. (3) The fuel pump logo and other logos as specified in § 600.302-12(b)(3)(ii) to the left of the combined fuel economy value. (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy values to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (i) Include the term “MPG” in the upper portion of the designated space. (ii) Include the city fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower left portion of the designated space. Include the expression “city” below this number. (iii) Include the highway fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower right portion of the designated space. Include the expression “highway” below this number. (5) The fuel consumption rate determined in § 600.311, to the right of the fuel economy information. Include the expression “gallons per 100 miles” below the numerical value. (6) Add the following statement after the statements described in § 600.302-12(c)(2): “Values are based on gasoline and do not reflect performance and ratings based on … | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.304-12 Fuel economy label—special requirements for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. | EPA | [76 FR 39561, July 6, 2011] | Fuel economy labels for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the following modifications: (a) Include the following statement instead of the statement specified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “Actual results will vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and maintain your vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a MPG and costs $ b to fuel over 5 years. Cost estimates are based on c miles per year at $ d per kilogram of hydrogen. Vehicle emissions are a significant cause of global warming and smog.” For a, b, c, and d, insert the appropriate values established by EPA. (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. (2) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the heading. Include the expression “combined city/hwy” below this number. (3) The logo specified in § 600.302-12(b)(3)(ii) to the left of the combined fuel economy value. (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy values to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (i) Include the term “MPGe” in the upper portion of the designated space. (ii) Include the city fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower left portion of the designated space. Include the expression “city” below this number. (iii) Include the highway fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower right portion of the designated space. Include the expression “highway” below this number. (5) The fuel consumption rate determined in § 600.311, to the right of the fuel economy information. Include the expression “kg H 2 per 100 miles” below the numerical value. (6) The sub-heading “Driving Range” below the combined fuel economy value. Below this sub-heading, insert a horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm long to show how far the vehicle can drive when fully fueled. Include a vehicle logo at the right end of the range bar. Include… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.306-12 Fuel economy label—special requirements for compressed natural gas vehicles. | EPA | [76 FR 39562, July 6, 2011] | Fuel economy labels for dedicated natural gas vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the following modifications: (a) Include the following statement instead of the statement specified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “Actual results will vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and maintain your vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a MPG and costs $ b to fuel over 5 years. Cost estimates are based on c miles per year at $ d per gasoline gallon equivalent. Vehicle emissions are a significant cause of global warming and smog.” For a, b, c, and d, insert the appropriate values established by EPA. (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. (2) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the heading. Include the expression “combined city/hwy” below this number. (3) The logo specified in § 600.302-12(b)(3)(ii) to the left of the combined fuel economy value. (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy ratings to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (i) Include the term “MPGe” in the upper portion of the designated space. (ii) Include the city fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower left portion of the designated space. Include the expression “city” below this number. (iii) Include the highway fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower right portion of the designated space. Include the expression “highway” below this number. (5) The fuel consumption rate determined in § 600.311, to the right of the fuel economy information. Include the expression “equivalent gallons per 100 miles” below the numerical value. (6) The sub-heading “Driving Range” below the combined fuel economy value. Below this sub-heading, insert a horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm long to show how far the vehicle can drive when fully fueled. Include a vehicle logo at the right end of t… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.308-12 Fuel economy label format requirements—plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. | EPA | [76 FR 39562, July 6, 2011] | Fuel economy labels for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the exceptions and additional specifications described in this section. This section describes how to label vehicles equipped with gasoline engines. If the vehicle has a diesel engine, all the references to “gas” or “gasoline” in this section are understood to refer to “diesel” or “diesel fuel”, respectively. (a) Include the following statement instead of the statement specified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “Actual results will vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and maintain your vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a MPG and costs $ b to fuel over 5 years. Cost estimates are based on c miles per year at $ d per gallon and $ e per kW-hr. Vehicle emissions are a significant cause of global warming and smog.” For a, b, c, d, and e, insert the appropriate values established by EPA. For qualifying vehicles, include the following additional sentence: “This is a dual fueled automobile.” See the definition of “dual fueled automobile in § 600.002. (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. Include the statement specified in § 600.312-12(c)(2) to the right of the heading. (2) An outlined box below the heading with the following information: (i) The sub-heading “Electricity” if the vehicle's engine starts only after the battery is fully discharged, or “Electricity + Gasoline” if the vehicle uses combined power from the battery and the engine before the battery is fully discharged. (ii) The expression “Charge Time: x hours (240V)” below the sub-heading, where x is the time to charge the battery as specified in § 600.311. Change the specified voltage if appropriate as specified in § 600.311. (iii) The combined fuel economy value for the charge-depleting mode of operation as determined in § 600.311 below the charge time. Include the expres… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.7 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.310-12 Fuel economy label format requirements—electric vehicles. | EPA | [76 FR 39563, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63184, Oct. 15, 2012] | Fuel economy labels for electric vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the following modifications: (a) Include the following statement instead of the statement specified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “Actual results will vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and maintain your vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a MPG and costs $ b to fuel over 5 years. Cost estimates are based on c miles per year at $ d per kW-hr. MPGe is miles per gasoline gallon equivalent. Vehicle emissions are a significant cause of climate change and smog.” For a, b, c, and d, insert the appropriate values established by EPA. (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. (2) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the heading. Include the expression “combined city/hwy” below this number. (3) An electric plug logo to the left of the combined fuel economy value. (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy values to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (i) Include the term “MPGe” in the upper portion of the designated space. (ii) Include the city fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower left portion of the designated space. Include the expression “city” below this number. (iii) Include the highway fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower right portion of the designated space. Include the expression “highway” below this number. (5) The fuel consumption rate determined in § 600.311, to the right of the fuel economy information. Include the expression “kW-hrs per 100 miles” below the numerical value. (6) The sub-heading “Driving Range” below the combined fuel economy value. Below this sub-heading, insert a horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm long to show how far the vehicle can drive when fully fueled. Include a vehicle logo at the right end of the range bar. Include the following … | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.8 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.311-12 Determination of values for fuel economy labels. | EPA | [76 FR 39563, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 77 FR 63184, Oct. 15, 2012; 79 FR 23747, Apr. 28, 2014; 81 FR 74002, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4483, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28210, Apr. 18, 2024] | (a) Fuel economy. Determine city and highway fuel economy values as described in § 600.210-12(a) and (b). Determine combined fuel economy values as described in § 600.210-12(c). Note that the label for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles requires separate values for combined fuel economy for vehicle operation before and after the vehicle's battery is fully discharged; we generally refer to these modes as “Blended Electric + Gas” (or “Electric Only”, as applicable) and “Gas only”. (b) CO 2 emission rate . Determine the engine-related CO 2 emission rate as described in § 600.210-12(d). (c) Fuel consumption rate. Calculate the fuel consumption rate as follows: (1) For vehicles with engines that are not plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, calculate the fuel consumption rate in gallons per 100 miles (or gasoline gallon equivalent per 100 miles for fuels other than gasoline or diesel fuel) with the following formula, rounded to the first decimal place: Fuel Consumption Rate = 100/MPG Where: MPG = The value for combined fuel economy from § 600.210-12(c), rounded to the nearest whole mpg. Where: MPG = The value for combined fuel economy from § 600.210-12(c), rounded to the nearest whole mpg. (2) For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, calculate two separate fuel consumption rates as follows: (i) Calculate the fuel consumption rate based on engine operation after the battery is fully discharged as described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. (ii) Calculate the fuel consumption rate during operation before the battery is fully discharged in kW-hours per 100 miles as described in SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011), as described in § 600.116. (3) For electric vehicles, calculate the fuel consumption rate in kW-hours per 100 miles with the following formula, rounded to the nearest whole number: Fuel Consumption Rate = 100/MPG Where: MPG = The combined fuel economy value from paragraph (a) of this section, in miles per kW-hour. Where: MPG = The combined fuel economy value from paragraph … | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.4.13.9 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | D | Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling | § 600.312-08 Labeling, reporting, and recordkeeping; Administrator reviews. | EPA | [49 FR 13852, Apr. 6, 1984. Redesignated at 76 FR 39558, July 6, 2011] | (a)(1) The manufacturer shall determine label values (general and specific) using the procedures specified in subparts C and D of this part and submit the label values, and the data sufficient to calculate the label values, to the Administrator according to the timetable specified in § 600.313. (2) Except under paragraph (a)(4) of this section, the manufacturer is not required to obtain Administrator approval of label values prior to the introduction of vehicles for sale. (3) The label values that the manufacturer calculates and submits under paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall constitute the EPA fuel economy estimates unless the Administrator determines that they are not calculated according to the procedures specified in subparts C and D of this part. (4) If required by the Administrator, the manufacturer shall obtain Administrator approval of label values prior to affixing labels to vehicles. (5)(i) If at any time during the model year, any label values are determined not to be calculated according to the procedures specified in subparts C and D of this part, the Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in writing. (ii) If the Administrator has sufficient information to enable calculation of the correct label values, this notification shall specify the correct label values which constitute the EPA Fuel Economy Estimates. (iii) If additional information is required, the Administrator shall request such additional information and a recalculation of the label value by the manufacturer. (6) If the Administrator determines revised label values under paragraph (a)(5) of this section are lower than the label values calculated by the manufacturer, the manufacturer shall affix the revised labels to all affected new vehicles which are unsold beginning no later than 15 calendar days after the date of notification by the Administrator. (b)(1) The manufacturer is responsible for affixing vehicle labels that meet the format and content requirements of this subpart. (2) The manufacturer shall retain for examin… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.5.13.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | E | Subpart E—Dealer Availability of Fuel Economy Information | § 600.405-08 Dealer requirements. | EPA | [71 FR 77954, Dec. 27, 2006] | (a) Each dealer shall prominently display at each location where new automobiles are offered for sale a copy of the annual Fuel Economy Guide containing the information specified in § 600.407. The Fuel Economy Guide may be made available either in hard copy or electronically via an on-site computer available for prospective purchasers to view and print as desired. The dealer shall provide this information without charge. The dealer will be expected to make this information available as soon as it is received by the dealer, but in no case later than 15 working days after notification is given of its availability. The Department of Energy will annually notify dealers of the availability of the information with instructions on how to obtain it either electronically or in hard copy. (b) The dealer shall display the Fuel Economy Guide, or a notice of where the customer can electronically access the Fuel Economy Guide, in the same manner and in each location used to display brochures describing the automobiles offered for sale by the dealer. The notice shall include a link to the official Web site where this information is contained ( http://www.fueleconomy.gov. ) (c) The dealer shall display the booklet applicable to each model year automobile offered for sale at the location. | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.5.13.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | E | Subpart E—Dealer Availability of Fuel Economy Information | § 600.407-08 Booklets displayed by dealers. | EPA | [71 FR 77954, Dec. 27, 2006] | (a) Booklets displayed by dealers in order to fulfill the obligations of § 600.405 may be either (1) The printed copy of the annual Fuel Economy Guide published by the Department of Energy, or; (2) Optionally, dealers may display the Fuel Economy Guide on a computer that is linked to the electronic version of the Fuel Economy Guide (available at http://www.fueleconomy.gov ), or; (3) A booklet approved by the Administrator of EPA containing the same information, format, and order as the Fuel Economy Guide published by the Department of Energy. Such a booklet may highlight the dealer's product line by contrasting color of ink or boldface type and may include other supplemental information regarding the dealer's product line subject to approval by the Administrator. (b) A manufacturer's name and logo or a dealer's name and address or both may appear on the back cover of the hard copies of the Fuel Economy Guide. | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.6.13.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon-Related Exhaust Emissions | § 600.502 Definitions. | EPA | [76 FR 39567, July 6, 2011] | The following definitions apply to this subpart in addition to those in § 600.002: (a) The Declared value of imported components shall be: (1) The value at which components are declared by the importer to the U.S. Customs Service at the date of entry into the customs territory of the United States; or (2) With respect to imports into Canada, the declared value of such components as if they were declared as imports into the United States at the date of entry into Canada; or (3) With respect to imports into Mexico, the declared value of such components as if they were declared as imports into the United States at the date of entry into Mexico. (b) Cost of production of a car line shall mean the aggregate of the products of: (1) The average U.S. dealer wholesale price for such car line as computed from each official dealer price list effective during the course of a model year, and (2) The number of automobiles within the car line produced during the part of the model year that the price list was in effect. (c) Equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value means a number representing the average number of miles traveled by an electric vehicle per gallon of gasoline. | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.6.13.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon-Related Exhaust Emissions | § 600.507-12 Running change data requirements. | EPA | [75 FR 25713, May 7, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 39567, July 6, 2011] | (a) Except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, the manufacturer shall submit additional running change fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions data as specified in paragraph (b) of this section for any running change approved or implemented under § 86.1842 of this chapter, which: (1) Creates a new base level or, (2) Affects an existing base level by: (i) Adding an axle ratio which is at least 10 percent larger (or, optionally, 10 percent smaller) than the largest axle ratio tested. (ii) Increasing (or, optionally, decreasing) the road-load horsepower for a subconfiguration by 10 percent or more for the individual running change or, when considered cumulatively, since original certification (for each cumulative 10 percent increase using the originally certified road-load horsepower as a base). (iii) Adding a new subconfiguration by increasing (or, optionally, decreasing) the equivalent test weight for any previously tested subconfiguration in the base level. (iv) Revising the calibration of an electric vehicle, fuel cell vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle or other advanced technology vehicle in such a way that the city or highway fuel economy of the vehicle (or the energy consumption of the vehicle, as may be applicable) is expected to become less fuel efficient (or optionally, more fuel efficient) by 4.0 percent or more as compared to the original fuel economy label values for fuel economy and/or energy consumption, as applicable. (b)(1) The additional running change fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions data requirement in paragraph (a) of this section will be determined based on the sales of the vehicle configurations in the created or affected base level(s) as updated at the time of running change approval. (2) Within each newly created base level as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall submit data from the highest projected total model year sales subconfiguration within the highest projected total model ye… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.6.13.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon-Related Exhaust Emissions | § 600.509-12 Voluntary submission of additional data. | EPA | [75 FR 25713, May 7, 2010] | (a) The manufacturer may optionally submit data in addition to the data required by the Administrator. (b) Additional fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions data may be submitted by the manufacturer for any vehicle configuration which is to be tested as required in § 600.507 or for which fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions data were previously submitted under paragraph (c) of this section. (c) Within a base level, additional fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions data may be submitted by the manufacturer for any vehicle configuration which is not required to be tested by § 600.507. | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.6.13.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon-Related Exhaust Emissions | § 600.510-12 Calculation of average fuel economy and average carbon-related exhaust emissions. | EPA | [75 FR 25714, May 7, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 39567, July 6, 2011; 77 FR 63184, Oct. 15, 2012; 81 FR 74003, Dec. 27, 2016; 85 FR 25272, Apr. 30, 2020; 85 FR 53679, Aug. 31, 2020; 86 FR 74526, Dec. 30, 2021; 88 FR 4484, Jan. 24, 2023] | (a)(1) Average fuel economy will be calculated to the nearest 0.1 mpg for the categories of automobiles identified in this section, and the results of such calculations will be reported to the Secretary of Transportation for use in determining compliance with the applicable fuel economy standards. (i) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the category of passenger automobiles as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. For example, categories may include, but are not limited to domestically manufactured and/or non-domestically manufactured passenger automobiles as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. (ii) [Reserved] (iii) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the category of trucks as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. For example, categories may include, but are not limited to domestically manufactured trucks, non-domestically manufactured trucks, light-duty trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, and/or heavy-duty trucks as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. (iv) [Reserved] (2) Average carbon-related exhaust emissions will be calculated to the nearest one gram per mile for the categories of automobiles identified in this section, and the results of such calculations will be reported to the Administrator for use in determining compliance with the applicable CO 2 emission standards. (i) An average carbon-related exhaust emissions calculation will be made for passenger automobiles. (ii) An average carbon-related exhaust emissions calculation will be made for light trucks. (b) For the purpose of calculating average fuel economy under paragraph (c) of this section and for the purpose of calculating average carbon-related exhaust emissions under paragraph (j) of this section: (1) All fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions data submitted in accordance with § 600.006(e) or § 600.512(c) shall be used. (2) The combined city/highway fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission values will be calculated for each model type in ac… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.6.13.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon-Related Exhaust Emissions | § 600.511-08 Determination of domestic production. | EPA | [42 FR 45662, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 39376, Sept. 5, 1978; 59 FR 679, Jan. 6, 1994; 59 FR 33914, July 1, 1994; 74 FR 61554, Nov. 25, 2009. Redesignated at 76 FR 39569, July 6, 2011] | (a) Except with advance approval of the Administrator, an automobile shall be considered domestically produced in any model year if it is included within a domestically produced car line (car line includes station wagons for purposes of this paragraph), unless the assembly of such automobile is completed in Canada or Mexico and such automobile is not imported into the United States prior to the expiration of 30 days following the end of the model year. For purposes of this paragraph a car line will be considered domestically produced if the following ratio is less than 0.25: (1) The sum of the declared value, as defined in § 600.502, of all of the imported components installed or included on automobiles produced within such a car line within a given model year plus the cost of transportation and insuring such components to the United States port of entry, the Mexican port of entry (when paragraph (b)(3) of this section applies), or the Canadian port of entry but exclusive of any customs duty, divided by (2) The cost of production, as defined in § 600.502, of automobiles within such car line. (b) For the purposes of calculations under this subpart with respect to automobiles manufactured during any model year, (1) An average exchange rate for the country of origin of each imported component shall be used that is calculated by taking the mean of the exchange rates in effect at the end of each quarter set by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for twelve calendar quarters prior to and including the calendar quarter ending one year prior to the date that the manufacturer submits the calculation of the preliminary average for such model year. Such rate, once calculated, shall be in effect for the duration of the model year. Upon petition of a manufacturer, the Administrator may permit the use of a different exchange rate where appropriate and necessary. (2) For automobiles for which paragraph (b)(3) of this section does not apply pursuant to the schedule in paragraph (b)(4), components shall be considered import… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.6.13.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon-Related Exhaust Emissions | § 600.512-12 Model year report. | EPA | [75 FR 25717, May 7, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 39569, July 6, 2011; 88 FR 4484, Jan. 24, 2023] | (a) For each model year, the manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a report, known as the model year report, containing all information necessary for the calculation of the manufacturer's average fuel economy and all information necessary for the calculation of the manufacturer's average carbon-related exhaust emissions. (1) The results of the manufacturer calculations and summary information of model type fuel economy values which are contained in the average fuel economy calculation shall also be submitted to the Secretary of the Department of Transportation, National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration. (2) The results of the manufacturer calculations and summary information of model type carbon-related exhaust emission values which are contained in the average calculation shall be submitted to the Administrator. (3) Separate reports shall be submitted for passenger automobiles and light trucks (as identified in § 600.510-12). (b) The model year report shall be in writing, signed by the authorized representative of the manufacturer and shall be submitted no later than May 1 following the end of the model year. A manufacturer may request an extension for submitting the model year report if that is needed to provide all additional required data as determined in § 600.507-12. The request must clearly indicate the circumstances necessitating the extension. (c) The model year report must include the following information: (1)(i) All fuel economy data used in the FTP/HFET-based model type calculations under § 600.208, and subsequently required by the Administrator in accordance with § 600.507; (ii) All carbon-related exhaust emission data used in the FTP/HFET-based model type calculations under § 600.208, and subsequently required by the Administrator in accordance with § 600.507; (2) (i) All fuel economy data for certification vehicles and for vehicles tested for running changes approved under § 86.1842 of this chapter; (ii) All carbon-related exhaust emission data for certification vehicles… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.6.13.7 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon-Related Exhaust Emissions | § 600.513-08 Gas Guzzler Tax. | EPA | [76 FR 39569, July 6, 2011] | (a) This section applies only to passenger automobiles sold after December 27, 1991, regardless of the model year of those vehicles. For alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, the fuel economy while such automobiles are operated on gasoline will be used for Gas Guzzler Tax assessments. (1) The provisions of this section do not apply to passenger automobiles exempted for Gas Guzzler Tax assessments by applicable Federal law and regulations. However, the manufacturer of an exempted passenger automobile may, in its discretion, label such vehicles in accordance with the provisions of this section. (2) For 1991 and later model year passenger automobiles, the combined FTP/HFET-based model type fuel economy value determined in § 600.208 used for Gas Guzzler Tax assessments shall be calculated in accordance with the following equation, rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg: FE adj = FE[((0.55 × a g × c) + (0.45 × c) + (0.5556 × a g ) + 0.4487)/((0.55 × a g ) + 0.45)] + IW g Where: FE adj = Fuel economy value to be used for determination of gas guzzler tax assessment rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. FE = Combined model type fuel economy calculated in accordance with § 600.208, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. a g = Model type highway fuel economy, calculated in accordance with § 600.208, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg divided by the model type city fuel economy calculated in accordance with § 600.208, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. The quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal places. c = gas guzzler adjustment factor = 1.300 × 10 −3 for the 1986 and later model years. IW g = (9.2917 × 10 −3 × SF 3IWCG FE 3IWCG ) − (3.5123 × 10 −3 × SF 4ETWG × FE 4IWCG ). Note: Any calculated value of IW less than zero shall be set equal to zero. SF 3IWCG = The 3000 lb. inertia weight class sales in the model type divided by the total model type sales; the quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal places. SF 4ETWG = The 4000 lb. equivalent test weight sales in the model type divided b… | |||
| 40:40:32.0.1.4.44.6.13.8 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | Q | 600 | PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon-Related Exhaust Emissions | § 600.514-12 Reports to the Environmental Protection Agency. | EPA | [75 FR 25718, May 7, 2010, as amended at 77 FR 63187, Oct. 15, 2012] | This section establishes requirements for automobile manufacturers to submit reports to the Environmental Protection Agency regarding their efforts to reduce automotive greenhouse gas emissions. (a) General Requirements. (1) For each model year, each manufacturer shall submit a pre-model year report. (2) The pre-model year report required by this section for each model year must be submitted before the model year begins and before the certification of any test group, no later than December 31 of the calendar year two years before the model year. For example the pre-model year report for the 2012 model year must be submitted no later than December 31, 2010. (3) Each report required by this section must: (i) Identify the report as a pre-model year report; (ii) Identify the manufacturer submitting the report; (iii) State the full name, title, and address of the official responsible for preparing the report; (iv) Be submitted to: Director, Compliance and Innovative Strategies Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105; (v) Identify the current model year; (vi) Be written in the English language; and (vii) Be based upon all information and data available to the manufacturer approximately 30 days before the report is submitted to the Administrator. (b) Content of pre-model year reports. (1) Each pre-model year report must include the following information for each compliance category for the applicable future model year and to the extent possible, two model years into the future: (i) The manufacturer's estimate of its footprint-based fleet average CO 2 standards (including temporary lead time allowance alternative standards, if applicable); (ii) Projected total and model-level production volumes for each applicable standard category; (iii) Projected fleet average CO 2 compliance level for each applicable standard category; and the model-level CO 2 emission values which form the basis of the projection; (iv) Projected fleet average CO 2 credit/debit … |
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