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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.1.98.1 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 56.101 Scope. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 64 FR 399, Jan. 5, 1999; 66 FR 20599, Apr. 24, 2001] | (a) This part contains the general standards for the composition, operation, and responsibility of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) that reviews clinical investigations regulated by the Food and Drug Administration under sections 505(i) and 520(g) of the act, as well as clinical investigations that support applications for research or marketing permits for products regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, including foods, including dietary supplements, that bear a nutrient content claim or a health claim, infant formulas, food and color additives, drugs for human use, medical devices for human use, biological products for human use, and electronic products. Compliance with this part is intended to protect the rights and welfare of human subjects involved in such investigations. (b) References in this part to regulatory sections of the Code of Federal Regulations are to chapter I of title 21, unless otherwise noted. | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.1.98.2 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 56.102 Definitions. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 54 FR 9038, Mar. 3, 1989; 56 FR 28028, June 18, 1991; 64 FR 399, Jan. 5, 1999; 64 FR 56448, Oct. 20, 1999; 65 FR 52302, Aug. 29, 2000; 66 FR 20599, Apr. 24, 2001; 74 FR 2368, Jan. 15, 2009] | As used in this part: (a) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs. 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended (21 U.S.C. 321-392)). (b) Application for research or marketing permit includes: (1) A color additive petition, described in part 71. (2) Data and information regarding a substance submitted as part of the procedures for establishing that a substance is generally recognized as safe for a use which results or may reasonably be expected to result, directly or indirectly, in its becoming a component or otherwise affecting the characteristics of any food, described in § 170.35. (3) A food additive petition, described in part 171. (4) Data and information regarding a food additive submitted as part of the procedures regarding food additives permitted to be used on an interim basis pending additional study, described in § 180.1. (5) Data and information regarding a substance submitted as part of the procedures for establishing a tolerance for unavoidable contaminants in food and food-packaging materials, described in section 406 of the act. (6) An investigational new drug application, described in part 312 of this chapter. (7) A new drug application, described in part 314. (8) Data and information regarding the bioavailability or bioequivalence of drugs for human use submitted as part of the procedures for issuing, amending, or repealing a bioequivalence requirement, described in part 320. (9) Data and information regarding an over-the-counter drug for human use submitted as part of the procedures for classifying such drugs as generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded, described in part 330. (10) An application for a biologics license, described in part 601 of this chapter. (11) Data and information regarding a biological product submitted as part of the procedures for determining that licensed biological products are safe and effective and not misbranded, as described in part 601 of this chapter. (12) An Application for an Investigational Dev… | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.1.98.3 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 56.103 Circumstances in which IRB review is required. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981; 46 FR 14340, Feb. 27, 1981] | (a) Except as provided in §§ 56.104 and 56.105, any clinical investigation which must meet the requirements for prior submission (as required in parts 312, 812, and 813) to the Food and Drug Administration shall not be initiated unless that investigation has been reviewed and approved by, and remains subject to continuing review by, an IRB meeting the requirements of this part. (b) Except as provided in §§ 56.104 and 56.105, the Food and Drug Administration may decide not to consider in support of an application for a research or marketing permit any data or information that has been derived from a clinical investigation that has not been approved by, and that was not subject to initial and continuing review by, an IRB meeting the requirements of this part. The determination that a clinical investigation may not be considered in support of an application for a research or marketing permit does not, however, relieve the applicant for such a permit of any obligation under any other applicable regulations to submit the results of the investigation to the Food and Drug Administration. (c) Compliance with these regulations will in no way render inapplicable pertinent Federal, State, or local laws or regulations. | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.1.98.4 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 56.104 Exemptions from IRB requirement. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 56 FR 28028, June 18, 1991] | The following categories of clinical investigations are exempt from the requirements of this part for IRB review: (a) Any investigation which commenced before July 27, 1981 and was subject to requirements for IRB review under FDA regulations before that date, provided that the investigation remains subject to review of an IRB which meets the FDA requirements in effect before July 27, 1981. (b) Any investigation commenced before July 27, 1981 and was not otherwise subject to requirements for IRB review under Food and Drug Administration regulations before that date. (c) Emergency use of a test article, provided that such emergency use is reported to the IRB within 5 working days. Any subsequent use of the test article at the institution is subject to IRB review. (d) Taste and food quality evaluations and consumer acceptance studies, if wholesome foods without additives are consumed or if a food is consumed that contains a food ingredient at or below the level and for a use found to be safe, or agricultural, chemical, or environmental contaminant at or below the level found to be safe, by the Food and Drug Administration or approved by the Environmental Protection Agency or the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.1.98.5 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 56.105 Waiver of IRB requirement. | FDA | On the application of a sponsor or sponsor-investigator, the Food and Drug Administration may waive any of the requirements contained in these regulations, including the requirements for IRB review, for specific research activities or for classes of research activities, otherwise covered by these regulations. | ||||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.2.98.1 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | B | Subpart B—Organization and Personnel | § 56.106 Registration. | FDA | [74 FR 2368, Jan. 15, 2009, as amended at 78 FR 16401, Mar. 15, 2013] | (a) Who must register? Each IRB in the United States that reviews clinical investigations regulated by FDA under sections 505(i) or 520(g) of the act and each IRB in the United States that reviews clinical investigations that are intended to support applications for research or marketing permits for FDA-regulated products must register at a site maintained by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). (A research permit under section 505(i) of the act is usually known as an investigational new drug application (IND), while a research permit under section 520(g) of the act is usually known as an investigational device exemption (IDE).) An individual authorized to act on the IRB's behalf must submit the registration information. All other IRBs may register voluntarily. (b) What information must an IRB register? Each IRB must provide the following information: (1) The name, mailing address, and street address (if different from the mailing address) of the institution operating the IRB and the name, mailing address, phone number, facsimile number, and electronic mail address of the senior officer of that institution who is responsible for overseeing activities performed by the IRB; (2) The IRB's name, mailing address, street address (if different from the mailing address), phone number, facsimile number, and electronic mail address; each IRB chairperson's name, phone number, and electronic mail address; and the name, mailing address, phone number, facsimile number, and electronic mail address of the contact person providing the registration information. (3) The approximate number of active protocols involving FDA-regulated products reviewed. For purposes of this rule, an “active protocol” is any protocol for which an IRB conducted an initial review or a continuing review at a convened meeting or under an expedited review procedure during the preceding 12 months; and (4) A description of the types of FDA-regulated products (such as biological products, color additives, food additives, human drugs, or … | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.2.98.2 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | B | Subpart B—Organization and Personnel | § 56.107 IRB membership. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 56 FR 28028, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756, June 28, 1991; 78 FR 16401, Mar. 15, 2013] | (a) Each IRB shall have at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review of research activities commonly conducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members, including consideration of race, gender, cultural backgrounds, and sensitivity to such issues as community attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safeguarding the rights and welfare of human subjects. In addition to possessing the professional competence necessary to review the specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to ascertain the acceptability of proposed research in terms of institutional commitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of professional conduct and practice. * * * The IRB shall therefore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, or handicapped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given to the inclusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experienced in working with those subjects. (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or entirely of women, including the instituton's consideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one profession. (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in the scientific area and at least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas. (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affiliated with the institution and who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the institution. (e) No IRB may have a member participate in the IRB's initial or continuing review of any project in which the member has a conf… | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.3.98.1 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | C | Subpart C—IRB Functions and Operations | § 56.108 IRB functions and operations. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 56 FR 28028, June 18, 1991; 67 FR 9585, Mar. 4, 2002] | In order to fulfill the requirements of these regulations, each IRB shall: (a) Follow written procedures: (1) For conducting its initial and continuing review of research and for reporting its findings and actions to the investigator and the institution; (2) for determining which projects require review more often than annually and which projects need verification from sources other than the investigator that no material changes have occurred since previous IRB review; (3) for ensuring prompt reporting to the IRB of changes in research activity; and (4) for ensuring that changes in approved research, during the period for which IRB approval has already been given, may not be initiated without IRB review and approval except where necessary to eliminate apparent immediate hazards to the human subjects. (b) Follow written procedures for ensuring prompt reporting to the IRB, appropriate institutional officials, and the Food and Drug Administration of: (1) Any unanticipated problems involving risks to human subjects or others; (2) any instance of serious or continuing noncompliance with these regulations or the requirements or determinations of the IRB; or (3) any suspension or termination of IRB approval. (c) Except when an expedited review procedure is used (see § 56.110), review proposed research at convened meetings at which a majority of the members of the IRB are present, including at least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas. In order for the research to be approved, it shall receive the approval of a majority of those members present at the meeting. | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.3.98.2 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | C | Subpart C—IRB Functions and Operations | § 56.109 IRB review of research. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 61 FR 51529, Oct. 2, 1996; 66 FR 20599, Apr. 24, 2001; 78 FR 12951, Feb. 26, 2013] | (a) An IRB shall review and have authority to approve, require modifications in (to secure approval), or disapprove all research activities covered by these regulations. (b) An IRB shall require that information given to subjects as part of informed consent is in accordance with § 50.25. The IRB may require that information, in addition to that specifically mentioned in § 50.25, be given to the subjects when in the IRB's judgment the information would meaningfully add to the protection of the rights and welfare of subjects. (c) An IRB shall require documentation of informed consent in accordance with § 50.27 of this chapter, except as follows: (1) The IRB may, for some or all subjects, waive the requirement that the subject, or the subject's legally authorized representative, sign a written consent form if it finds that the research presents no more than minimal risk of harm to subjects and involves no procedures for which written consent is normally required outside the research context; or (2) The IRB may, for some or all subjects, find that the requirements in § 50.24 of this chapter for an exception from informed consent for emergency research are met. (d) In cases where the documentation requirement is waived under paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the IRB may require the investigator to provide subjects with a written statement regarding the research. (e) An IRB shall notify investigators and the institution in writing of its decision to approve or disapprove the proposed research activity, or of modifications required to secure IRB approval of the research activity. If the IRB decides to disapprove a research activity, it shall include in its written notification a statement of the reasons for its decision and give the investigator an opportunity to respond in person or in writing. For investigations involving an exception to informed consent under § 50.24 of this chapter, an IRB shall promptly notify in writing the investigator and the sponsor of the research when an IRB determines that it cannot ap… | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.3.98.3 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | C | Subpart C—IRB Functions and Operations | § 56.110 Expedited review procedures for certain kinds of research involving no more than minimal risk, and for minor changes in approved research. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 56 FR 28029, June 18, 1991] | (a) The Food and Drug Administration has established, and published in the Federal Register, a list of categories of research that may be reviewed by the IRB through an expedited review procedure. The list will be amended, as appropriate, through periodic republication in the Federal Register. (b) An IRB may use the expedited review procedure to review either or both of the following: (1) Some or all of the research appearing on the list and found by the reviewer(s) to involve no more than minimal risk, (2) minor changes in previously approved research during the period (of 1 year or less) for which approval is authorized. Under an expedited review procedure, the review may be carried out by the IRB chairperson or by one or more experienced reviewers designated by the IRB chairperson from among the members of the IRB. In reviewing the research, the reviewers may exercise all of the authorities of the IRB except that the reviewers may not disapprove the research. A research activity may be disapproved only after review in accordance with the nonexpedited review procedure set forth in § 56.108(c). (c) Each IRB which uses an expedited review procedure shall adopt a method for keeping all members advised of research proposals which have been approved under the procedure. (d) The Food and Drug Administration may restrict, suspend, or terminate an institution's or IRB's use of the expedited review procedure when necessary to protect the rights or welfare of subjects. | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.3.98.4 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | C | Subpart C—IRB Functions and Operations | § 56.111 Criteria for IRB approval of research. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 56 FR 28029, June 18, 1991; 66 FR 20599, Apr. 24, 2001] | (a) In order to approve research covered by these regulations the IRB shall determine that all of the following requirements are satisfied: (1) Risks to subjects are minimized: (i) By using procedures which are consistent with sound research design and which do not unnecessarily expose subjects to risk, and (ii) whenever appropriate, by using procedures already being performed on the subjects for diagnostic or treatment purposes. (2) Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the importance of the knowledge that may be expected to result. In evaluating risks and benefits, the IRB should consider only those risks and benefits that may result from the research (as distinguished from risks and benefits of therapies that subjects would receive even if not participating in the research). The IRB should not consider possible long-range effects of applying knowledge gained in the research (for example, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among those research risks that fall within the purview of its responsibility. (3) Selection of subjects is equitable. In making this assessment the IRB should take into account the purposes of the research and the setting in which the research will be conducted and should be particularly cognizant of the special problems of research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, handicapped, or mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons. (4) Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or the subject's legally authorized representative, in accordance with and to the extent required by part 50. (5) Informed consent will be appropriately documented, in accordance with and to the extent required by § 50.27. (6) Where appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data collected to ensure the safety of subjects. (7) Where appropriate, there are adequate provisions to protect the privacy of subjec… | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.3.98.5 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | C | Subpart C—IRB Functions and Operations | § 56.112 Review by institution. | FDA | Research covered by these regulations that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those officials may not approve the research if it has not been approved by an IRB. | ||||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.3.98.6 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | C | Subpart C—IRB Functions and Operations | § 56.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research. | FDA | An IRB shall have authority to suspend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in accordance with the IRB's requirements or that has been associated with unexpected serious harm to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the reasons for the IRB's action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator, appropriate institutional officials, and the Food and Drug Administration. | ||||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.3.98.7 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | C | Subpart C—IRB Functions and Operations | § 56.114 Cooperative research. | FDA | In complying with these regulations, institutions involved in multi-institutional studies may use joint review, reliance upon the review of another qualified IRB, or similar arrangements aimed at avoidance of duplication of effort. | ||||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.4.98.1 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | D | Subpart D—Records and Reports | § 56.115 IRB records. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 56 FR 28029, June 18, 1991; 67 FR 9585, Mar. 4, 2002] | (a) An institution, or where appropriate an IRB, shall prepare and maintain adequate documentation of IRB activities, including the following: (1) Copies of all research proposals reviewed, scientific evaluations, if any, that accompany the proposals, approved sample consent documents, progress reports submitted by investigators, and reports of injuries to subjects. (2) Minutes of IRB meetings which shall be in sufficient detail to show attendance at the meetings; actions taken by the IRB; the vote on these actions including the number of members voting for, against, and abstaining; the basis for requiring changes in or disapproving research; and a written summary of the discussion of controverted issues and their resolution. (3) Records of continuing review activities. (4) Copies of all correspondence between the IRB and the investigators. (5) A list of IRB members identified by name; earned degrees; representative capacity; indications of experience such as board certifications, licenses, etc., sufficient to describe each member's chief anticipated contributions to IRB deliberations; and any employment or other relationship between each member and the institution; for example: full-time employee, part-time employee, a member of governing panel or board, stockholder, paid or unpaid consultant. (6) Written procedures for the IRB as required by § 56.108 (a) and (b). (7) Statements of significant new findings provided to subjects, as required by § 50.25. (b) The records required by this regulation shall be retained for at least 3 years after completion of the research, and the records shall be accessible for inspection and copying by authorized representatives of the Food and Drug Administration at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner. (c) The Food and Drug Administration may refuse to consider a clinical investigation in support of an application for a research or marketing permit if the institution or the IRB that reviewed the investigation refuses to allow an inspection under this section. | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.5.98.1 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | E | Subpart E—Administrative Actions for Noncompliance | § 56.120 Lesser administrative actions. | FDA | [46 FR 8975, Jan. 27, 1981, as amended at 81 FR 19035, Apr. 4, 2016] | (a) If apparent noncompliance with these regulations in the operation of an IRB is observed by an FDA investigator during an inspection, the inspector will present an oral or written summary of observations to an appropriate representative of the IRB. The Food and Drug Administration may subsequently send a letter describing the noncompliance to the IRB and to the parent institution. The agency will require that the IRB or the parent institution respond to this letter within a time period specified by FDA and describe the corrective actions that will be taken by the IRB, the institution, or both to achieve compliance with these regulations. (b) On the basis of the IRB's or the institution's response, FDA may schedule a reinspection to confirm the adequacy of corrective actions. In addition, until the IRB or the parent institution takes appropriate corrective action, the Agency may require the IRB to: (1) Withhold approval of new studies subject to the requirements of this part that are conducted at the institution or reviewed by the IRB; (2) Direct that no new subjects be added to ongoing studies subject to this part; or (3) Terminate ongoing studies subject to this part when doing so would not endanger the subjects. (c) When the apparent noncompliance creates a significant threat to the rights and welfare of human subjects, FDA may notify relevant State and Federal regulatory agencies and other parties with a direct interest in the Agency's action of the deficiencies in the operation of the IRB. (d) The parent institution is presumed to be responsible for the operation of an IRB, and the Food and Drug Administration will ordinarily direct any administrative action under this subpart against the institution. However, depending on the evidence of responsibility for deficiencies, determined during the investigation, the Food and Drug Administration may restrict its administrative actions to the IRB or to a component of the parent institution determined to be responsible for formal designation of the IRB. | |||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.5.98.2 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | E | Subpart E—Administrative Actions for Noncompliance | § 56.121 Disqualification of an IRB or an institution. | FDA | (a) Whenever the IRB or the institution has failed to take adequate steps to correct the noncompliance stated in the letter sent by the agency under § 56.120(a), and the Commissioner of Food and Drugs determines that this noncompliance may justify the disqualification of the IRB or of the parent institution, the Commissioner will institute proceedings in accordance with the requirements for a regulatory hearing set forth in part 16. (b) The Commissioner may disqualify an IRB or the parent institution if the Commissioner determines that: (1) The IRB has refused or repeatedly failed to comply with any of the regulations set forth in this part, and (2) The noncompliance adversely affects the rights or welfare of the human subjects in a clinical investigation. (c) If the Commissioner determines that disqualification is appropriate, the Commissioner will issue an order that explains the basis for the determination and that prescribes any actions to be taken with regard to ongoing clinical research conducted under the review of the IRB. The Food and Drug Administration will send notice of the disqualification to the IRB and the parent institution. Other parties with a direct interest, such as sponsors and clinical investigators, may also be sent a notice of the disqualification. In addition, the agency may elect to publish a notice of its action in the Federal Register. (d) The Food and Drug Administration will not approve an application for a research permit for a clinical investigation that is to be under the review of a disqualified IRB or that is to be conducted at a disqualified institution, and it may refuse to consider in support of a marketing permit the data from a clinical investigation that was reviewed by a disqualified IRB as conducted at a disqualified institution, unless the IRB or the parent institution is reinstated as provided in § 56.123. | ||||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.5.98.3 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | E | Subpart E—Administrative Actions for Noncompliance | § 56.122 Public disclosure of information regarding revocation. | FDA | A determination that the Food and Drug Administration has disqualified an institution and the administrative record regarding that determination are disclosable to the public under part 20. | ||||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.5.98.4 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | E | Subpart E—Administrative Actions for Noncompliance | § 56.123 Reinstatement of an IRB or an institution. | FDA | An IRB or an institution may be reinstated if the Commissioner determines, upon an evaluation of a written submission from the IRB or institution that explains the corrective action that the institution or IRB plans to take, that the IRB or institution has provided adequate assurance that it will operate in compliance with the standards set forth in this part. Notification of reinstatement shall be provided to all persons notified under § 56.121(c). | ||||
| 21:21:1.0.1.1.22.5.98.5 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | A | 56 | PART 56—INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS | E | Subpart E—Administrative Actions for Noncompliance | § 56.124 Actions alternative or additional to disqualification. | FDA | Disqualification of an IRB or of an institution is independent of, and neither in lieu of nor a precondition to, other proceedings or actions authorized by the act. The Food and Drug Administration may, at any time, through the Department of Justice institute any appropriate judicial proceedings (civil or criminal) and any other appropriate regulatory action, in addition to or in lieu of, and before, at the time of, or after, disqualification. The agency may also refer pertinent matters to another Federal, State, or local government agency for any action that that agency determines to be appropriate. | ||||
| 28:28:2.0.1.1.13.0.1.1 | 28 | Judicial Administration | I | 56 | PART 56—INTERNATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAM | § 56.1 Purpose and scope. | DOJ | These regulations are promulgated pursuant to section 252(e)(2) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), 42 U.S.C. 6272(e)(2). They are being issued by the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division to whom the Attorney General has delegated his authority under this section of EPCA. The requirements of this part do not apply to activities other than those for which section 252 of EPCA makes available a defense to actions brought under the Federal antitrust laws. | |||||||
| 28:28:2.0.1.1.13.0.1.2 | 28 | Judicial Administration | I | 56 | PART 56—INTERNATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAM | § 56.2 Maintenance of records with respect to meetings held to develop voluntary agreements or plans of action pursuant to the Agreement on an International Energy Program. | DOJ | (a) The Administrator of the Department of Energy shall keep a verbatim transcript of any meeting held pursuant to this subpart. (b)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) (2) through (4) of this section, potential participants shall keep a full and complete record of any communications (other than in a meeting held pursuant to this subpart) between or among themselves for the purpose of developing a voluntary agreement under this part. When two or more potential participants are involved in such a communication, they may agree among themselves who shall keep such record. Such record shall include the names of the parties to the communication and the organizations, if any, which they represent; the date of the communication; the means of communication; and a description of the communication in sufficient detail to convey adequately its substance. (2) Where any communication is written (including, but not limited to, telex, telegraphic, telecopied, microfilmed and computer printout material), and where such communication demonstrates on its face that the originator or some other source furnished a copy of the communication to the Office of International Affairs, Department of Energy with the notation “Voluntary Agreement” marked on the first page of the document, no participant need record such a communication or send a further copy to the Department of Energy. The Department of Energy may, upon written notice to potential participants, from time to time, or with reference to particular types of documents, require deposit with other offices or officials of the Department of Energy. Where such communication demonstrates that it was sent to the Office of International Affairs, Department of Energy with the notation “Voluntary Agreement” marked on the first page of the document, or such other offices or officials in the Department of Energy has designated pursuant to this section it shall satisfy paragraph (c) of this section, for the purpose of deposit with the Department of Energy. (3) To the extent that any co… | |||||||
| 28:28:2.0.1.1.13.0.1.3 | 28 | Judicial Administration | I | 56 | PART 56—INTERNATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAM | § 56.3 Maintenance of records with respect to meetings held to develop and carry out voluntary agreements or plans of action pursuant to the Agreement on an International Energy Program. | DOJ | (a) The Administrator of the Department of Energy or his delegate shall keep a verbatim transcript of any meeting held pursuant to this subpart except where: (1) Due to considerations of time or other overriding circumstances, the keeping of a verbatim transcript is not practicable, or (2) Principal participants in the meeting are representatives of foreign governments. If any such record other than a verbatim transcript, is kept by a designee who is not a full-time Federal employee, that record shall be submitted to the full-time Federal employee in attendance at the meeting who shall review the record, promptly make any changes he deems necessary to make the record full and complete, and shall notify the designee of such changes. (b)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) (2) through (4) of this section, participants shall keep a full and complete record of any communication (other than in a meeting held pursuant to this subpart) between or among themselves or with any other member of a petroleum industry group created by the International Energy Agency (IEA), or subgroup thereof for the purpose of carrying out a voluntary agreement or developing or carrying out a plan of action under this subpart, except that where there are several communications within the same day involving the same participants, they may keep a cumulative record for the day. The parties to a communication may agree among themselves who shall keep such record. Such record shall include the names of the parties to the communication and the organizations, if any, which they represent; the date of communication; the means of communication, and a description of the communication in sufficient detail to convey adequately its substance. (2) Where any communication is written (including, but not limited to, telex, telegraphic, telecopied, microfilmed and computer printout material), and where such communication demonstrates on its face that the originator or some other source furnished a copy of the communication to the Office of Internation… | |||||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.4.0.1.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 56 | PART 56—REGIONAL CONSISTENCY | § 56.1 Definitions. | EPA | As used in this part, all terms not defined herein have the meaning given them in the Clean Air Act. Act means the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. ). Administrator, Deputy Administrator, Assistant Administrator, General Counsel, Associate General Counsel, Deputy Assistant Administrator, Regional Administrator, Headquarters, Staff Office, Operational Office, and Regional Office are described in part 1 of this title. Mechanism means an administrative procedure, guideline, manual, or written statement. Program directive means any formal written statement by the Administrator, the Deputy Administrator, the Assistant Administrator, a Staff Office Director, the General Counsel, a Deputy Assistant Administrator, an Associate General Counsel, or a division Director of an Operational Office that is intended to guide or direct Regional Offices in the implementation or enforcement of the provisions of the act. Responsible official means the EPA Administrator or any EPA employee who is accountable to the Administrator for carrying out a power or duty delegated under section 301(a)(1) of the act, or is accountable in accordance with EPA's formal organization for a particular program or function as described in part 1 of this title. | ||||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.4.0.1.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 56 | PART 56—REGIONAL CONSISTENCY | § 56.2 Scope. | EPA | This part covers actions taken by: (a) Employees in EPA Regional Offices, including Regional Administrators, in carrying out powers and duties delegated by the Administrator under section 301(a)(1) of the act; and (b) EPA employees in Headquarters to the extent that they are responsible for developing the procedures to be employed or policies to be followed by Regional Offices in implementing and enforcing the act. | ||||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.4.0.1.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 56 | PART 56—REGIONAL CONSISTENCY | § 56.3 Policy. | EPA | [45 FR 85405, Dec. 24, 1980, as amended at 81 FR 51113, Aug. 3, 2016] | It is EPA's policy to: (a) Assure fair and uniform application by all Regional Offices of the criteria, procedures, and policies employed in implementing and enforcing the act; (b) Provide mechanisms for identifying and correcting inconsistencies by standardizing criteria, procedures, and policies being employed by Regional Office employees in implementing and enforcing the act; and (c) Insure an adequate quality audit for each State's performance in implementing and enforcing the act. (d) Recognize that only the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and decisions of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit Court that arise from challenges to “nationally applicable regulations . . . or final action,” as discussed in Clean Air Act section 307(b) (42 U.S.C. 7607(b)), shall apply uniformly, and to provide for exceptions to the general policy stated in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section with regard to decisions of the federal courts that arise from challenges to “locally or regionally applicable” actions, as provided in Clean Air Act section 307(b) (42 U.S.C. 7607(b)). | |||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.4.0.1.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 56 | PART 56—REGIONAL CONSISTENCY | § 56.4 Mechanisms for fairness and uniformity—Responsibilities of Headquarters employees. | EPA | [45 FR 85405, Dec. 24, 1980, as amended at 81 FR 51113, Aug. 3, 2016] | (a) The Administrator shall include, as necessary, with any rule or regulation proposed or promulgated under parts 51 and 58 of this chapter 1 mechanisms to assure that the rule or regulation is implemented and enforced fairly and uniformly by the Regional Offices. 1 Part 51 is entitled, “Requirements for Preparation, Adoption, and Submittal of Implementation Plans.” Part 58 is entitled, “Ambient Air Quality Surveillance.” (b) The determination that a mechanism required under paragraph (a) of this section is unnecessary for a rule or regulation shall be explained in writing by the responsible EPA official and included in the supporting documentation or the relevant docket. (c) The Administrator shall not be required to issue new mechanisms or revise existing mechanisms developed under paragraphs (a) of this section to address the inconsistent application of any rule, regulation, or policy that may arise in response to the limited jurisdiction of either a federal circuit court decision arising from challenges to “locally or regionally applicable” actions, as provided in Clean Air Act section 307(b) (42 U.S.C. 7607(b)), or a federal district court decision. | |||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.4.0.1.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 56 | PART 56—REGIONAL CONSISTENCY | § 56.5 Mechanisms for fairness and uniformity—Responsibilities of Regional Office employees. | EPA | [45 FR 85405, Dec. 24, 1980, as amended at 81 FR 51114, Aug. 3, 2016] | (a) Each responsible official in a Regional Office, including the Regional Administrator, shall assure that actions taken under the act: (1) Are carried out fairly and in a manner that is consistent with the Act and Agency policy as set forth in the Agency rules and program directives, (2) Are as consistent as reasonably possible with the activities of other Regional Offices, and (3) Comply with the mechanisms developed under § 56.4 of this part. (b) A responsible official in a Regional office shall seek concurrence from the appropriate EPA Headquarters office on any interpretation of the Act, or rule, regulation, or program directive when such interpretation may result in application of the act or rule, regulation, or program directive that is inconsistent with Agency policy. However, the responsible official in a Regional office will not be required to seek such concurrence from the appropriate EPA Headquarters office for actions that may result in inconsistent application if such inconsistent application is required in order to act in accordance with a federal court decision: (1) Issued by a Circuit Court in challenges to “locally or regionally applicable” actions, as provided in Clean Air Act section 307(b) (42 U.S.C. 7607(b)), if that circuit court has direct jurisdiction over the geographic areas that the Regional office official is addressing, or (2) Issued by a district court in a specific case if the party the Regional office official is addressing was also a party in the case that resulted in the decision. (c) In reviewing State Implementation Plans, the Regional Office shall follow the provisions of the guideline, revisions to State Implementation Plans—Procedures for Approval/Disapproval Actions, OAQPS No. 1.2-005A, or revision thereof. Where regulatory actions may involve inconsistent application of the requirements of the act, the Regional Offices shall classify such actions as special actions. | |||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.4.0.1.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 56 | PART 56—REGIONAL CONSISTENCY | § 56.6 Dissemination of policy and guidance. | EPA | The Assistant Administrators of the Offices of Air, Noise and Radiation, and of Enforcement, and the General Counsel shall establish as expeditiously as practicable, but no later than one year after promulgation of this part, systems to disseminate policy and guidance. They shall distribute material under foregoing systems to the Regional Offices and State and local agencies, and shall make the material available to the public. Air programs policy and guideline systems shall contain the following: (a) Compilations of relevant EPA program directives and guidance, except for rules and regulations, concerning the requirements under the Act. (b) Procedures whereby each Headquarters program office and staff office will enter new and revised guidance into the compilations and cause superseded guidance to be removed. (c) Additional guidance aids such as videotape presentations, workshops, manuals, or combinations of these where the responsible Headquarters official determines they are necessary to inform Regional Offices, State and local agencies, or the public about EPA actions. | ||||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.4.0.1.7 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 56 | PART 56—REGIONAL CONSISTENCY | § 56.7 State agency performance audits. | EPA | (a) EPA will utilize the provisions of subpart B, Program Grants, of part 35 of this chapter, which require yearly evaluations of the manner in which grantees use Federal monies, to assure that an adequate evaluation of each State's performance in implementing and enforcing the act is performed. (b) Within 60 days after comment is due from each State grantee on the evaluation report required by § 35.538 of this chapter, the Regional Administrator shall incorporate or include any comments, as appropriate, and publish notice of availability of the evaluation report in the Federal Register. | ||||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.1.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.01 | Subpart 56.01—General | § 56.01-1 Scope (replaces 100.1). | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 73-251, 43 FR 56799, Dec. 4, 1978] | (a) This part contains requirements for the various ships' and barges' piping systems and appurtenances. (b) The respective piping systems installed on ships and barges must have the necessary pumps, valves, regulation valves, safety valves, relief valves, flanges, fittings, pressure gages, liquid level indicators, thermometers, etc., for safe and efficient operation of the vessel. (c) Piping for industrial systems on mobile offshore drilling units need not fully comply with the requirements of this part but must meet subpart 58.60 of this subchapter. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.1.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.01 | Subpart 56.01—General | § 56.01-2 Incorporation by reference. | USCG | [USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65171, Oct. 31, 2008, as amended by USCG-2009-0702, 74 FR 49228, Sept. 25, 2009; USCG-2012-0832, 77 FR 59777, Oct. 1, 2012; USCG-2012-0866, 78 FR 13250, Feb. 27, 2013; USCG-2013-0671, 78 FR 60148, Sept. 30, 2013; USCG-2012-0196, 81 FR 48251, July 22, 2016] | Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, the Coast Guard must publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters at: Commandant (CG-ENG), Attn: Office of Design and Engineering Standards, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20593-7509; phone (202) 372-1375; email typeapproval@uscg.mil . For information on the availability of this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations or email fr.inspection@nara.gov . The material may be obtained from the following sources: (a) American Petroleum Institute (API), 200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20002-5571; 202-682-8000; APIPubs@api.org; www.api.org . (1) API Standard 607, Fire Test for Quarter-turn Valves and Valves Equipped with Nonmetallic Seats, Seventh Edition, June 2016 (“API 607”); IBR approved for § 56.20-15(b). (2) [Reserved] (b) American Society of Mechanical Engineers ( ASME ), Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990; 800-843-2763; CustomerCare@asme.org ; www.asme.org . (1) ANSI B1.20.3-1976 (Reaffirmed 2013), Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch), adopted November 18, 1976 (“ASME B1.20.3”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1, table 2. (2) ASME BPVC.I-2019, 2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I, Rules for Construction of Power Boilers, 2019 Edition, issued July 1, 2019 (“Section I of the ASME BPVC”); IBR approved for §§ 56.15-1(c); 56.60-1(a); 56.70-15(b); 56.95-10(c). (3) ASME BPVC.VIII.1-2019, 2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, 2019 Edition, issued July … | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.1.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.01 | Subpart 56.01—General | § 56.01-3 Power boilers, external piping, and appurtenances (Replaces 100.1.1, 100.1.2, 122.1, 132 and 133). | USCG | [CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40602, Oct. 2, 1989; 55 FR 39968, Oct. 1, 1990; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65174, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Power boiler external piping and components must meet the requirements of this part and §§ 52.01-105, 52.01-110, 52.01-115, and 52.01-120 of this subchapter. (b) Specific requirements for external piping and appurtenances of power boilers, as defined in Secs. 100.1.1 and 100.1.2, appearing in the various paragraphs of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2), are not adopted unless specifically indicated elsewhere in this part. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.1.1.4 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.01 | Subpart 56.01—General | § 56.01-5 Adoption of ASME B31.1 for power piping, and other standards. | USCG | [USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65175, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Piping systems for ships and barges must be designed, constructed, and inspected in accordance with ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2), as limited, modified, or replaced by specific requirements in this part. The provisions in the appendices to ASME B31.1 are adopted and must be followed when the requirements of ASME B31.1 or the rules in this part make them mandatory. For general information, table 1 to § 56.01-5(a) lists the various paragraphs and sections in ASME B31.1 that are limited, modified, replaced, or reproduced by rules in this part. Table 1 to § 56.01-5 (a) —Limitations and Modifications in the Adoption of ASME B31.1 for Pressure and Power Piping (b) When a section or paragraph of the regulations in this part relates to material in ASME B31.1, the relationship with ASME B31.1 will appear immediately after the heading of the section or at the beginning of the paragraph as follows: (1) (Modifies __.) This indicates that the material in ASME B31.1 so numbered for identification is generally applicable but is being altered, amplified, or augmented. (2) (Replaces __.) This indicates that the material in ASME B31.1 so numbered for identification does not apply. (3) (Reproduces __.) This indicates that the material in ASME B31.1 so numbered for identification is being identically reproduced for convenience, not for emphasis. (c) As stated in § 56.01-2, the standards of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and ASME specifically referred to in this part must be the governing requirements for the matters covered unless specifically limited, modified, or replaced by other rules in this subchapter. See § 56.60-1(b) for the other adopted commercial standards applicable to piping systems that also constitute this subchapter. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.1.1.5 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.01 | Subpart 56.01—General | § 56.01-10 Plan approval. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGFR 72-59R, 37 FR 6189, Mar. 25, 1972; CGD 73-251, 43 FR 56799, Dec. 4, 1978, CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40602, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 95-012, 60 FR 48049, Sept. 18, 1995] | (a) Plans and specifications for new construction and major alterations showing the respective piping systems must be submitted, as required by subpart 50.20 of this subchapter. (b) Piping materials and appliances, such as pipe, tubing, fittings, flanges, and valves, except safety relief valves covered in part 162 of subchapter Q of this chapter, are not required to be specifically approved by the Commandant, but must comply with the applicable requirements for materials, construction, markings, and testing. These materials and appliances must be certified as described in part 50 of this subchapter. Drawings listing material specifications and showing details of welded joints for pressure-containing appurtenances of welded construction must be submitted in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section. (c)(1) Prior to installation aboard ship, diagrams of the following systems must be submitted for approval: (i) Steam and exhaust piping. (ii) Boiler feed and blowoff piping. (iii) Safety valve escape piping. (iv) Fuel oil service, transfer, and filling piping. (Service includes boiler fuel and internal combustion engine fuel piping.) (v) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and ballast piping. (vii) Tank cleaning piping. (viii) Condenser circulating water piping. (ix) Vent, sound, and overflow piping. (x) Sanitary drains, soil drains, deck drains, and overboard discharge piping. (xi) Internal combustion engine exhaust piping. (Refer to part 58 of this subchapter for requirements.) (xii) Cargo piping. (xiii) Hot water heating systems if the temperature is greater than 121 °C (250 °F). (xiv) Compressed air piping. (xv) Fluid power and control systems (hydraulic, pneumatic). (Refer to subpart 58.30 of this subchapter for specific requirements.) (xvi) Lubricating oil piping. (xvii) Refrigeration and air conditioning piping. (Refer to part 58 of this subchapter for specific requirements.) (2) Arrangement drawings of the following systems… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-1 General (replaces 122). | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40607, Oct. 2, 1989; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008] | The requirements in this subpart for piping systems apply instead of those in Section 122 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). The following installation requirements are applicable to all systems: (a) Where pipes and scuppers are carried through watertight or oiltight bulkheads, decks, or tank tops, or are carried through fire control bulkheads and decks, the integrity of the structure must be maintained. Lead or other heat sensitive materials must not be used in piping systems in bulkhead or deck penetrations where fire would impair the integrity of the penetration. (For nonmetallic or plastic pipe installations, see § 56.60-25(a).) Openings in structure through which pipes pass must be reinforced where necessary. Metallic materials having a melting point of 1,700 °F or less are considered heat sensitive and if used must be suitably insulated. (b)(1) Pipes piercing the collision bulkhead must be fitted with valves operable from above the bulkhead deck and the valve must be fitted inside the forepeak tank adjacent to the collision bulkhead. The pipe penetrating the collision bulkhead must be welded to the bulkhead on both sides. The valve body must be of steel or ductile cast iron. (2) Passenger vessels must not have the collision bulkhead pierced below the margin line by more than one pipe conveying liquids in the forepeak tank. (c) Valves and cocks not forming part of a piping system are not permitted in watertight subdivision bulkheads. However, sluice valves or gates in oiltight bulkheads of tank vessels may be used if approved by the Marine Safety Center. (d) Piping must generally not be run over switchboards, and must be installed as far away from other electrical equipment as practicable. When such leads are necessary, provision must be made to prevent leakage from damaging the equipment. (e) Stuffing boxes must not be used on deep tank bulkheads, double bottoms or in any position where they cannot be easily examined. This requirement does not apply to ore carriers operating on … | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.10 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-50 Bilge and ballast piping. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9979, June 17, 1970; CGD 73-58R, 39 FR 18767, May 30, 1974; CGD 79-165a, 45 FR 64188, Sept. 29, 1980; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40608, Oct. 2, 1989; 55 FR 39968, Oct. 1, 1990; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24772, May 10, 1995; CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51201, Sept. 30, 1997] | (a)(1) The requirements of SOLAS Chapter II-1 regulation 35-1 (incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2) for passenger and cargo ships are considered equivalent to this section. (2) All vessels except unmanned barges must be provided with a satisfactory bilge pumping plant capable of pumping from and draining any watertight compartment except for ballast, oil, and water tanks. The bilge pumping system must be capable of operation under all practicable conditions after a casualty whether the ship is upright or listed. (3) Arrangements must be made whereby water in the compartments will drain to the suction pipes. Where piping is led through the forepeak, see § 56.50-1(b). (4) Where the vessel is to carry flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 23 °C (74 °F) in enclosed cargo spaces, the bilge-pumping system must be designed to ensure against inadvertent pumping of such liquids through machinery spaces. (5) For vessels constructed on or after June 9, 1995, and on an international voyage, arrangements must meet the requirements of SOLAS Chapter II-1 regulation 35-1 to drain the enclosed cargo spaces on either the bulkhead deck of a passenger vessel or the freeboard deck of a cargo vessel. (b) Passenger vessels must have provision made to prevent the compartment served by any bilge suction piping from being flooded in the event the pipe is severed or otherwise damaged by collision or grounding in any other compartment. Where the piping is located within one-fifth of the beam of the side of the vessel or is in a duct keel, a nonreturn valve must be fitted to the end of the pipe in the compartment, which it serves. (c)(1) Each bilge suction must lead from a manifold unless otherwise approved by the Marine Safety Center. As far as practicable, each manifold must be in, or capable of remote operation from, the same space as the bilge pump. In either case, the manifold must be capable of being locally controlled from the floorplates. As far as practicable, each overboard-discharge valve for a bilge system must com… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.11 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-55 Bilge pumps. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 79-023, 48 FR 51007, Nov. 4, 1983; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40608, Oct. 2, 1989; 55 FR 39968, Oct. 1, 1990; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24773, May 10, 1995; USCG-2004-18884, 69 FR 58346, Sept. 30, 2004] | (a) Self-propelled vessels. (1) Each self-propelled vessel must be provided with a power-driven pump, or pumps connected to the bilge main as required by table 1 to § 56.50-55(a). Table 1 to § 56.50-55( a )—Power Bilge Pumps Required for Self-Propelled Vessels 1 Small passenger vessels under 100 gross tons refer to subpart 182.520 of subchapter T of this chapter. 2 Dry-bulk carriers having ballast pumps connected to the tanks outside the engine room and to the cargo hold may substitute the appropriate requirements for tank vessels. 3 Not applicable to passenger vessels which do not proceed more than 20 mile from the nearest land, or which are employed in the carriage of large numbers of unberthed passengers in special trades. 4 When the criterion numeral exceeds 30, an additional independent power-driven pump is required. (See part 171 of this chapter for determination of criterion numeral.) 5 Vessels operating on lakes (including Great Lakes), bays, sounds, or rivers where steam is available, or where a suitable water supply is available from a power-driven pump, may substitute siphons or eductors for one of the required power-driven pumps, provided a siphon or eductor is permanently installed in each hold or compartment. (b) Nonself-propelled vessels. (1) Ocean going sailing vessels and barges must be provided with pumps connected to the bilge main as required in table 2 to § 56.50-55(b)(1). Table 2 to § 56.50-55( b )( 1 )—Bilge Pumps Required for Nonself-Propelled Vessels 1 Where power is available, independent power bilge pumps must be installed as required and must be connected to the bilge main. 2 Efficient hand pumps connected to the bilge main may be substituted for the power pumps. Where there is no common bilge main, one hand pump will be required for each compartment. 3 Suitable hand or power pumps or siphons, portable or fixed, carried either on board the barge or on the towing vessel must be provided. (2) The pumps and source of power for oceangoing sailing vessels and barges … | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.12 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-57 [Reserved] | USCG | |||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.13 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-60 Systems containing oil. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9979, June 17, 1970; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40165, Sept. 2, 1975; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40609, Oct. 2, 1989; 55 FR 39968, Oct. 1, 1990; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24774, May 10, 1995; USCG-2000-7790, 65 FR 58460, Sept. 29, 2000; USCG-2004-18884, 69 FR 58346, Sept. 30, 2004; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a)(1) Oil-piping systems for cargo or fuel oil must be separate from other piping systems as far as practicable, and positive means must be provided to prevent interconnection in service. (2) Fuel oil and cargo oil systems may be combined if the cargo oil systems contain only Grade E oils. (3) Oil pumps must have no discharge connections to fire mains, boiler feed systems, or condensers. (b) When oil needs to be heated to lower its viscosity, heating coils must be properly installed in each tank. (1) Each drain from a heating coil as well as each drain from an oil heater must run to an inspection tank or other suitable oil detector. (2) No part of the fuel-oil system containing heated oil under pressure exceeding 180 kPa (26 psi) may be placed in a concealed position so that defects and leakage cannot be readily observed. Each machinery space containing a part of the system must be adequately illuminated. (c) Filling pipes may be led directly from the deck into the tanks or to a manifold in an accessible location permanently marked to indicate the tanks to which they are connected. A shutoff valve must be fitted at each filling end. Oil piping must not be led through accommodation spaces, except that fill piping not normally used at sea may pass through accommodation spaces if it is of steel construction, all welded, and not concealed. (d) Piping subject to internal head pressure from oil in the tank must be fitted with positive shutoff valves located at the tank. (1) Valves installed on the outside of the oil tanks must be made of steel, ductile cast iron ASTM F1155 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2), or a ductile nonferrous alloy having a melting point above 1,700 °F and must be arranged with a means of manual control locally at the valve and remotely from a readily accessible and safe location outside of the compartment in which the valves are located. (i) In the special case of a deep tank in any shaft tunnel, piping tunnel, or similar space, one or more valves must be fitted on the tank. In… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.14 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-65 Burner fuel-oil service systems. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40609, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24774, May 10, 1995; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) All discharge piping from the fuel oil service pumps to burners must be seamless steel with a thickness of at least Schedule 80. Short lengths of steel, or annealed copper nickel, nickel copper, or copper pipe and tubing may be used between the fuel oil burner front header manifold and the atomizer head to provide flexibility. All material used must meet the requirements of subpart 56.60. The use of non-metallic materials is prohibited. Flexible metallic tubing may be used when approved by the Marine Safety Center. Tubing fittings must be of the flared type except that flareless fittings of the nonbite type may be used when the tubing is steel, nickel copper or copper nickel. (b)(1) All vessels having oil fired boilers must have at least two fuel service pumps, each of sufficient capacity to supply all the boilers at full power, and arranged so that one may be overhauled while the other is in service. If installed, fuel oil heaters must be so arranged that any heater may be overhauled while the other is in service. Suction and discharge strainers must be capable of being cleaned without interrupting the oil supply. (2) All auxiliary boilers, except those furnishing steam for vital equipment and fire extinguishing purposes, may be equipped with a single fuel oil service pump. Such pumps need not be fitted with discharge strainers. (3) Strainers must be located so as to preclude the possibility of spraying oil on the burner or boiler casing, or be provided with spray shields. Coamings, drip pans, etc., must be fitted under fuel oil service pumps, heaters, etc., where necessary to prevent oil drainage to the bilge. (4) Boilers burning fuel oils of low viscosity need not be equipped with fuel oil heaters. (c) Piping between service pumps and burners must be located so as to be readily observable, and all bolted flange joints must be provided with a spray shield to deflect spray in case of a leak. Fuel pump or heater relief valves must discharge back to the settling tank or the suction side of the pump. The r… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.15 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-70 Gasoline fuel systems. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGFR 72-59R, 37 FR 6189, Mar. 25, 1972; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24774, May 10, 1995; USCG-2002-13058, 67 FR 61278, Sept. 30, 2002; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Material. (1) Fuel supply piping to the engines must be of seamless drawn annealed copper pipe or tubing, nickel copper, or copper nickel pipe or tubing meeting the requirements of subpart 56.60. (2) Thicknesses of tubing walls must not be less than the larger of that shown in table 1 to § 56.50-70(a) or that required by § 56.07-10(e) and 104.1.2 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). (3) Tubing fittings must be of nonferrous drawn or forged metal and of the flared type except that the flareless fittings of the nonbite type may be used when the tubing system is of nickel copper or copper nickel. Tubing must be cut square and flared by suitable tools. Tube ends must be annealed before flaring. Pipe fittings must be of nonferrous material. Pipe thread joints must be made tight with a suitable compound. (4) Valves for fuel lines must be of nonferrous material of the union bonnet type with ground seats except that cocks may be used if they are the solid bottom type with tapered plugs and union bonnets. Table 1 to § 56.50-70( a )—Tubing Wall Thickness (b) Installation. (1) All fuel pipes, pipe connections, and accessories must be readily accessible, protected against mechanical injury, and effectively secured against excessive movement and vibration by the use of soft nonferrous metal liners or straps. Where passing through steel decks or bulkheads, fuel lines must be protected by close fitting ferrules or stuffing boxes. Refer to § 56.30-25 for tubing joint installations. (2) A short length of suitable metallic or nonmetallic flexible tubing or hose, or a loop of annealed copper tubing, must be installed in the fuel-supply line at or near the engine to prevent damage by vibration. (i) If nonmetallic flexible hose is used, it must meet the requirements of § 56.60-25(b) for fuel service. (ii) Flexible hose connections should maintain metallic contact (continuity) between the sections of the fuel-supply lines; however, if they do not, the fuel tank must be grounded. (c) Shutoff valve… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.16 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-75 Diesel fuel systems. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40610, Oct. 2, 1989] | (a) Vessels greater than 100 gross tons. (1) The diesel fuel system must comply with §§ 56.50-60, 56.50-85, and 56.50-90. The fuel supply piping to engines must be of seamless steel, annealed seamless copper or brass pipe or tubing, or of nickel copper or copper nickel alloy meeting the requirements of subpart 56.60 for materials and § 56.50-70(a)(2) for thickness. Fuel oil service pumps must comply with § 58.01-25 of this subchapter. (2) The installation must comply with § 56.50-70(b). (3) Tubing connections and fittings must be drawn or forged metal of the flared type except that flareless fittings of the nonbite type may be used when the tubing system is steel, nickel-copper, or copper-nickel. When making flared tube connections the tubing must be cut square and flared by suitable tools. Tube ends must be annealed before flaring. (b) Vessels of 100 gross tons and less and tank barges —(1) Materials. Fuel supply piping must be of copper, nickel copper, copper nickel, seamless steel, or other materials having a minimum wall thickness of 0.035 inch. (2) Tubing connections and fittings. Tubing connections must comply with the provisions of paragraph (a)(3) of this section. (3) Installation. The installation of diesel fuel piping must comply with the requirements of § 56.50-70(b). (4) Shutoff valves. Shutoff valves must be installed in the fuel supply lines, one as close to each tank as practicable, and one as close to each fuel pump as practicable. Valves must be accessible at all times. (5) Outlets and drains. Valves for removing water or impurities from fuel oil systems will be permitted in the machinery space provided such valves are fitted with caps or plugs to prevent leakage. (6) Filling pipe. Tank filling pipes must terminate on an open deck and must be fitted with suitable shutoff valves, deck plugs, or caps. (7) Vent pipes. Each tank must be fitted with a vent pipe complying with § 56.50-85. (8) Independent diesel fuel tanks. See subpart 58.50 of this subchapter for specific r… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.17 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-80 Lubricating-oil systems. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9979, June 17, 1970; CGD 81-030, 53 FR 17837, May 18, 1988; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24774, May 10, 1995] | (a) The lubricating oil system must be designed to function satisfactorily when the vessel has a permanent 15° list and a permanent 5° trim. See § 58.01-40 of this subchapter for operational requirements for propulsion and vital machinery at vessel angles of inclination. (b) When pressure or gravity-forced lubrication is employed for the main propelling machinery, an independent auxiliary lubricating pump must be provided. (c) Oil coolers must be provided with two separate means of circulating water through the coolers. (d) For internal combustion engine installations, the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section do not apply to vessels in river and harbor service, nor to any vessel below 300 gross tons. For internal combustion engines, two separate means are to be provided for circulating coolant. One of those means must be independently driven and may consist of a connection from a pump of adequate size normally used for other purposes utilizing the required coolant. Oil filters must be provided on all internal combustion engine installations. On main propulsion engines fitted with full-flow type filters, the arrangement must be such that the filters may be cleaned without interrupting the oil supply except that such an arrangement is not required on vessels having more than one main propulsion engine. (e) The lubricating oil piping must be independent of other piping systems and must be provided with necessary coolers, heaters, filters, etc., for proper operation. Oil heaters must be fitted with bypasses. (f) Diesel engine lubrication systems must be so arranged that vapors from the sump tank may not be discharged back into the engine crank case of engines of the dry sump type. (g) Steam turbine driven propulsion and auxiliary generating machinery depending on forced lubrication must be arranged to shut down automatically upon failure of the lubricating system. (h) Sight-flow glasses may be used in lubricating-oil systems provided they can withstand exposure to a flame at a temperature of … | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.18 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-85 Tank-vent piping. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40610, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24774, May 10, 1995; CGD 95-012, 60 FR 48050, Sept. 18, 1995] | (a) This section applies to vents for all independent, fixed, non-pressure tanks or containers or for spaces in which liquids, such as fuel, ship's stores, cargo, or ballast, are carried. (1) The structural arrangement in double bottom and other tanks must be such as to permit the free passage of air and gases from all parts of the tanks to vent pipes. (2) Tanks having a comparatively small surface, such as fuel oil settling tanks, need be fitted with only one vent pipe, but tanks having a comparatively large surface must be fitted with at least two vent pipes. The vents must be located so as to provide venting of the tanks under any service condition. (3) Vent pipes for fuel oil tanks must, wherever possible, have a slope of no less than 30°. (4) Tank vents must extend above the weather deck, except vents from freshwater tanks, bilge oily-water holding tanks, bilge slop tanks, and tanks containing Grade E combustible liquids, such as lubricating oil, may terminate in the machinery space, provided— (i) The vents are arranged to prevent overflow on machinery, electrical equipment, and hot surfaces; (ii) Tanks containing combustible liquids are not heated; and (iii) The vents terminate above the deep load waterline if the tanks have boundaries in common with the hull. (5) Vents from oil tanks must terminate not less than three feet from any opening into living quarters. (6) Vents extending above the freeboard deck or superstructure deck from fuel oil and other tanks must be at least Schedule 40 in wall thickness. Except for barges in inland service and for Great Lakes vessels, the height from the deck to any point where water may gain access through the vent to below deck must be at least 30 inches (760mm) on the freeboard deck and 17 1/2 inches (450mm) on the superstructure deck. On Great Lakes vessels, the height from the deck to any point where water may gain access through the vent to below deck must be at least 30 inches (760mm) on the freeboard deck, 24 inches (610mm) on the raised quarterdeck, and… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.19 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-90 Sounding devices. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 73-251, 43 FR 56800, Dec. 4, 1978; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24774, May 10, 1995; CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51201, Sept. 30, 1997] | (a) Each tank must be provided with a suitable means of determining liquid level. Except for a main cargo tank on a tank vessel, each integral hull tank and compartment must be fitted with a sounding pipe or other level indicating device acceptable to the Marine Safety Center. (b) Where sounding pipes terminate below the freeboard deck on cargo vessels, they must be fitted with gate valves. On passenger vessels, where sounding pipes terminate below the bulkhead deck, they must be fitted with gate valves. (c) Except as allowed by this paragraph, on each vessel constructed on or after June 9, 1995, no sounding pipe used in a fuel-oil tank may terminate in any space where the risk of ignition of spillage from the pipe might arise. None may terminate in a space for passengers or crew. When the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center, determines it impracticable to avoid terminating a pipe in a machinery space, a sounding pipe may terminate in a machinery space if all the following requirements are met: (1) The fuel-oil tank has an oil-level gauge complying with paragraph (d) of this section. (2) Precautions are taken such as fitting an effective screen (shield) to prevent the fuel oil, in case of spillage through the end of the pipe, from coming into contact with a source of ignition. (3) The end of the pipe is fitted with a self-closing blanking device. (d) Other oil-level gauges may be used instead of sounding pipes if all the following requirements are met: (1) In a passenger vessel, no such gauge may require penetration below the top of the tank, and neither the failure of a gauge nor an overfilling of the tank may permit release of fuel into the space. (2) In a cargo vessel, neither the failure of such a gauge nor an overfilling of the tank may permit release of fuel into the space. The use of cylindrical gauge-glasses is prohibited. The use of oil-level gauges with flat glasses and self-closing valves between the gauges and fuel tanks is acceptable. (e) The upper ends of sounding pipes must be closed … | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-10 Special gauge requirements. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGD 73-251, 43 FR 56799, Dec. 4, 1978; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Where pressure-reducing valves are employed, a pressure gauge must be provided on the low-pressure side of the reducing station. (b) Fuel oil service and transfer, fire, cargo, and boiler feed pumps must be provided with a discharge pressure gage. Additional information pertaining to fire pumps is in § 34.10-5 of subchapter D, § 76.10-5 of subchapter H, § 95.10-5 of subchapter I, and § 108.417 of subchapter IA, all of this chapter. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.20 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-95 Overboard discharges and shell connections. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843; Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9979, June 17, 1970; CGFR 72-59R, 37 FR 6189, Mar. 25, 1972; CGD 81-030, 53 FR 17837, May 18, 1988; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40610, Oct. 2, 1989] | (a)(1) All inlets and discharges led through the vessel's side must be fitted with efficient and accessible valves, located as close to the hull penetrations as is practicable. (2) The number of scuppers, sanitary discharges, tank overflows, and other similar openings in the vessel's side must be reduced to a minimum, either by making each discharge serve for as many as possible of the sanitary and other pipes, or in any other satisfactory manner. (3) In general, when the bulkhead deck is above the freeboard deck, the requirements of this section apply relative to the bulkhead deck. For vessels not assigned load lines, such as certain inland vessels and barges, the weather deck must be taken as the freeboard deck. (b)(1) Scuppers and discharge pipes originating at any level and penetrating the shell either more than 17.5 inches (450mm) below the freeboard deck or less than 23.5 inches (600mm) above the summer load waterline must be provided with an automatic nonreturn valve at the shell. This valve, unless required by paragraph (b)(2) of this section, may be omitted if the piping is not less than Schedule 80 in wall thickness for nominal pipe sizes through 8 inches, Schedule 60 for nominal pipe sizes above 8 inches and below 16 inches, and Schedule 40 for nominal pipe sizes 16 inches and above. (2) Discharges led through the shell originating either from spaces below the freeboard deck, or from within enclosed superstructures and equivalent deckhouses on the freeboard deck as defined in § 42.13-15(i) of subchapter E of this chapter, must be fitted with efficient and accessible valves for preventing water from passing inboard. Normally each separate discharge must have one automatic nonreturn valve with a positive means of closing it from a position above the freeboard deck. Where, however, the vertical upward distance from the summer load line to the inboard end of the discharge pipe through which flooding can take place exceeds 0.01L, the discharge may have two automatic nonreturn valves without positive mea… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.21 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-96 Keel cooler installations. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 72-59R, 37 FR 6189, Mar. 25, 1972; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40611, Oct. 2, 1989] | (a) Keel cooler installations must meet the requirements of § 56.50-95(d)(1) and (2), (e)(3), and (f) except that shutoff or isolation valves will not be required for the inlet and discharge connections if: (1) The installation is forward of the collision bulkhead; or, (2) The installation is integral with the ship's hull such that the cooler tubes are welded directly to the hull of the vessel with the hull forming part of the tube and satisfies all of the following: (i) The cooler structure is fabricated from material of the same thickness and quality as the hull plating to which it is attached except that in the case of half round pipe lesser thickness may be used if specifically approved by the Commandant. In any case the structure, with the exception of the hull proper, need not exceed three-eighths inch in thickness. (ii) The flexible connections and all openings internal to the vessel, such as expansion tank vents and fills, in the installation are above the deepest load line and all piping components are Schedule 80 or thicker below the deepest load line. (iii) Full penetration welds are employed in the fabrication of the structure and its attachment to the hull. (iv) The forward end of the structure must be faired to the hull such that the horizontal length of the fairing is no less than four times the height of the structure, or be in a protected location such as inside a bow thruster trunk. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.22 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-97 Piping for instruments, control, and sampling (modifies 122.3). | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40165, Sept. 2, 1975; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Piping for instruments, control, and sampling must comply with paragraph 122.3 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) except that: (1) Soldered type fittings may not be used. (2) The outside diameter of takeoff connections may not be less than 0.840 inches for service conditions up to 900 psig or 800 °F, and 1.050 inches for conditions that exceed either of these limits. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.23 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-103 Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. | USCG | [CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51201, Sept. 30, 1997] | (a) This section applies to fixed piping installed for the distribution of oxygen and acetylene carried in cylinders as vessels stores. (b) The distribution piping must include a means, located as close to the supply cylinders as possible, of regulating the discharge pressure from the supply cylinders. (c) Acetylene distribution piping and pipe fittings must be seamless steel. Copper alloys containing less than 65 percent copper may be used in connection with valves, regulators, gages, and other equipment used with acetylene. (d) Oxygen distribution piping and pipe fittings must be seamless steel or copper. (e) When more than two cylinders are connected to a manifold, the supply pipe between each cylinder and manifold must be fitted with a non-return valve. (f) Except for the cylinder manifolds, acetylene is not to be piped at a pressure in excess of 100 kPa (14.7 psig). (g) Pipe joints on the low-pressure side of the regulators must be welded. (h) Branch lines must not run through unventilated spaces or accommodation spaces. (i) Relief valves or rupture discs must be installed as relief devices in the piping system if the maximum design pressure of the piping system can be exceeded. The relief device set pressure must not exceed the maximum design pressure of the piping system. Relief devices must discharge to a location in the weather at least 3 m (10 ft) from sources of ignition or openings to spaces or tanks. (j) Outlet stations are to be provided with suitable protective devices which will prevent the back flow of gas into the supply lines and prevent the passage of flame into the supply lines. (k) Shutoff valves must be fitted at each outlet. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.24 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-105 Low-temperature piping. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 72-59R, 37 FR 6189, 6190, Mar. 25, 1972; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40165, Sept. 2, 1975; CGD 79-108, 43 FR 46545, Oct. 10, 1978; CGD 74-289, 44 FR 26008, May 3, 1979; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40611, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24775, May 10, 1995; USCG-2000-7790, 65 FR 58460, Sept. 29, 2000; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008; USCG-2009-0702, 74 FR 49228, Sept. 25, 2009; USCG-2012-0832, 77 FR 59777, Oct. 1, 2012] | (a) Class I-L. Piping systems designated to operate at temperatures below 0 °F and pressures above 150 psig must be of Class I-L. Exceptions to this rule may be found in the individual requirements for specific commodities in subchapters D, I, and O of this chapter. The following requirements for Class I-L piping systems must be satisfied: (1) Materials. All materials used in low temperature piping systems must be selected from among those specifications listed in table 2 to § 56.50-105 and must satisfy all of the requirements of the specifications, except that: (i) The minimum service temperature as defined in § 54.25-10(a)(2) of this subchapter must not be colder than that shown in table 2 to § 56.50-105; and (ii) The material must be tested for low temperature toughness per ASTM E23 (incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2), Figure 4. The toughness testing requirements of subpart 54.05 of this subchapter must be satisfied for each particular product form. Charpy V-notch tests must be conducted at temperatures not warmer than 10 °F below the minimum service temperature of the design, except that for service temperatures of −320 °F and below, the impact test may be conducted at the service temperature. The minimum average energy must not be less than that shown in table 2 to § 56.50-105. In the case of steels conforming to the specifications of table 1 to § 54.25-20(a) of this subchapter the minimum lateral expansion must not be less than that required in § 54.25-20 of this subchapter. The minimum energy permitted for a single specimen and the minimum subsize energies must be those obtained by multiplying the average energy shown in table 2 to § 56.50-105 by the applicable fraction shown in table 1 to § 56.50-105(a)(1)(ii). Table 1 to § 56.50-105( a )( 1 )( ii )—Charpy V-Notch Energy Multiplying Factors 1 Straight line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted. (iii) Steels differing in chemical composition, mechanical properties, or heat treatments from those specified may be specially appro… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.25 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-110 Diving support systems. | USCG | [CGD 76-009, 43 FR 53683, Nov. 16, 1978] | (a) In addition to the requirements of this part, piping for diving installations which is permanently installed on the vessel must meet the requirements of subpart B of part 197 of this chapter. (b) Piping for diving installations not permanently installed on the vessel need not meet the requirements of this part, but must meet the requirements of subpart B of part 197 of this chapter. (c) Piping internal to a pressure vessel for human occupancy (PVHO) need not meet the requirements of this part, but must meet the requirements of subpart B of part 197 of this chapter. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-15 Steam and exhaust piping. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGFR 72-59R, 37 FR 6189, Mar. 25, 1972; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40165, Sept. 2, 1975; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40607, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 83-043, 60 FR 24772, May 10, 1995; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) The design pressures of the steam piping connected to the boiler drum or to the superheater inlet header must not be less than the lowest pressure setting of any drum safety valve. The value of allowable stress for the material must not exceed that corresponding to the saturated steam temperature at drum pressure and must be selected as described in § 56.07-10(e). (b) Main superheater outlet piping systems, desuperheater piping systems, and other auxiliary superheated piping systems led directly from the boiler superheater must be designed for a pressure not less than the pressure at which the superheater safety valve is set. In the case of a superheated safety valve that is drum pilot actuated, the design pressure of such piping systems must not be less than the pressure setting of the actuator valve on the drum. Valves and fittings must be selected for the above systems from the accepted standards in table 1 to 56.60-1, using the pressure-temperature rating in the standard. (c) Steam stop valves in sizes exceeding 6 inches must be fitted with bypasses. (d) In multiple boiler installations each boiler's main, auxiliary and desuperheater steam lines must be fitted with two valves, one a stop valve and one a stop check valve. (e) Main and auxiliary steam stop valves must be readily accessible, operable by one person and arranged to seat against boiler pressure. (f) The auxiliary steam piping of each vessel equipped with more than one boiler must be so arranged that steam for the whistle and vital auxiliary systems may be supplied from any power boiler. (g) Steam and engine exhaust pipes must not be led through coal bunkers or dry cargo spaces. (h)(1) Steam piping, with the exception of the steam heating system, must not be led through passageways, accommodation spaces, or public spaces unless the arrangement is specifically approved by the Marine Safety Center. (2) The pressure in steam heating systems must not exceed 150 psig, and the steam pressure for accommodation and public space heating must not … | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.4 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-20 Pressure relief piping. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9979, June 17, 1970; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40607, Oct. 2, 1989] | (a) General. There must be no intervening stop valves between the pressure vessel or piping system being protected and its protective device or devices, except as authorized by the Marine Safety Center. (b) Discharge lines. (Reproduces 122.6.2(d).) Discharge lines from pressure-relieving safety devices must be designed to facilitate drainage. (c) Stop valves. Stop valves between the safety or relief valve and the point of discharge are not permitted, except as specifically approved by the Marine Safety Center. (d) Reference. See also § 56.07-10(a) and (b) for specific requirements. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.5 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-25 Safety and relief valve escape piping. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40608, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 95-012, 60 FR 48050, Sept. 18, 1995] | (a) Escape piping from safety valves must have an area of not less than that of the combined areas of the outlets of all valves discharging thereto and must be led as near vertically as practicable to the atmosphere. (b) Expansion joints or flexible pipe connections must be fitted in escape piping. The piping must be adequately supported so that no stress is transmitted to the safety valve body. (c) Safety or relief valve discharges, when permitted to terminate in the machinery space, must be led below the floorplates or to a remote position. (d) The back pressure effect of the escape piping on the operation of the relief device must be considered. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.6 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-30 Boiler feed piping. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51201, Sept. 30, 1997; USCG-2002-13058, 67 FR 61278, Sept. 30, 2002; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) General requirements. (1) Steam vessels, and motor vessels fitted with steam driven electrical generators must have at least two separate means of supplying feed water for the boilers. All feed pumps must be fitted with the necessary connections for this purpose. The arrangement of feed pumps must be in accordance with paragraph (d) or (e) of this section. (2) Feed pump supply to power boilers may utilize the group feed system or the unit feed system. (3) Feed discharge piping from the pump up to, but not including the required stop and stop-check valves, must be designed for either the feed pump relief valve setting or the shutoff head of the pump if a relief valve is not fitted. (Refer to § 56.07-10(b) for specific requirements.) Feed piping from the boiler, to and including the required stop and stop-check valves (see paragraph (b) of this section), must have a design pressure which exceeds the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler by either 25 percent or 225 psig, whichever is less. The value of allowable stress for design purposes must be selected as described in § 56.07-10(e) at a temperature not below that for saturated steam at the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler. (4) Feed pumps for water tube boilers must have freshwater connections only. (b) Feed valves. (1) Stop and stop-check valves must be fitted in the main feed line and must be attached as closely as possible to drum inlets or to the economizer inlet. (2) Auxiliary feed lines must be fitted with stop valves and stop-check valves. (3) Boilers fitted with economizers must have a check valve fitted in the economizer discharge and located as close as possible to the drum feed inlet nozzle. (c) Feed water regulators and heaters. (1) Where feed water regulators or feed water heaters are installed, an alternate means of operation with these devices bypassed must be provided. (2) All feed water regulators installed in a unit feed system must be fitted with an external bypass. (3) A feed water regulator may be … | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.7 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-35 Condensate pumps. | USCG | Two means must be provided for discharging the condensate from the main condenser, one of which must be independent of the main propelling machinery. | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.8 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-40 Blowoff piping (replaces 122.1.4). | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40165, Sept. 2, 1975; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65178, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a)(1) The owner or operator of a vessel must follow the requirements for blowoff piping in this section instead of the requirements in 122.1.4 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). (2) Where blowoff valves are connected to a common discharge from two or more boilers, a nonreturn valve must be provided in the line from each boiler to prevent accidental blowback in the event the boiler blowoff valve is left open. (b) Blowoff must be designed for not less than 125 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler, or the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler plus 225 psig, whichever is less. The value of allowable stress for design purposes must be selected as described in § 56.07-10(e) at a temperature not below that of saturated steam at the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler. (c) Boiler blowoff piping which discharges above the lightest loadline of a vessel must be arranged so that the discharge is deflected downward. (d) Globe valves must not be used for blowoff service. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.10.1.9 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.50 | Subpart 56.50—Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems | § 56.50-45 Circulating pumps. | USCG | (a) A main circulating pump and emergency means for circulating water through the main condenser must be provided. The emergency means may consist of a connection from an independent power pump fitted between the main circulating pump and the condenser. (b) Independent sea suctions must be provided for the main circulating and the emergency circulating pumps. (c) A cross connection between the circulating pumps in the case of multiple units will be acceptable in lieu of an independent power pump connection. | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.11.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.60 | Subpart 56.60—Materials | § 56.60-1 Acceptable materials and specifications (replaces 123 and Table 126.1 in ASME B31.1). | USCG | [USCG-2020-0634, 89 FR 50150, June 12, 2024] | (a)(1) The material requirements in this subpart must be followed in lieu of those in 123 in ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). (2) Materials used in piping systems must be selected from: (i) The pipe, tubing, and fitting specifications that appear in table 1 to § 56.60-1or the accepted materials for use as piping system components that appear in table 1 to § 56.60-2; (ii) ASTM F1155 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2); or (iii) The material specifications of Sections I or VIII of the ASME BPVC (both incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) if not prohibited by a regulation of this subchapter. (3) Materials conforming to specifications not described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section must receive the specific approval of the Marine Safety Center. (4) Materials listed in Table 126.1 of ASME B31.1 are not accepted unless specifically permitted by this paragraph. (b) Components made in accordance with the commercial standards listed in table 2 to § 56.60-1 and made of materials complying with paragraph (a) this section may be used in piping systems within the limitations of the standards and within any further limitations specified in this subchapter. Table 1 to § 56.60-1—Adopted Specifications and Standards 1 For austenitic materials where two sets of stresses appear, use the lower values. 2 Type F (Furnace welded, using open hearth, basic oxygen, or electric furnace only) limited to Class II applications with a maximum service temperature of 450 °F. Type E (ERW grade) limited to maximum service temperature of 650 °F, or less. 3 Electric resistance welded pipe or tubing of this specification may be used to a maximum design pressure of 350 psig. 4 Refer to limitations on use of welded grades given in § 56.60-2(b). 5 Use generally considered for Classes I-L and II-L applications. For Class I-L service only, the seamless grade is permitted. For other service refer to footnote 4 and to § 56.50-105. 6 Furnace lap or furnace butt grades only. Limited to Class II applicatio… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.11.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.60 | Subpart 56.60—Materials | § 56.60-2 Limitations on materials. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGD 72-104R, 37 FR 14233, July 18, 1972; CGD 73-248, 39 FR 30839, Aug. 26, 1974; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40165, Sept. 2, 1975; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40612, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 95-012, 60 FR 48050, Sept. 18, 1995; CGD 95-027, 61 FR 26001, May 23, 1996; CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51201, Sept. 30, 1997; USCG-1998-4442, 63 FR 52190, Sept. 30, 1998; USCG-1999-5151, 64 FR 67180, Dec. 1, 1999; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65182, Oct. 31, 2008; USCG-2020-0634, 89 FR 50153, June 12, 2024] | The following restrictions apply to the use of welded pipe and tubing specifications when utilized in piping systems, and not when utilized in heat exchanger, boiler, pressure vessel, or similar components: (a) Longitudinal joint. Wherever possible, the longitudinal joint of a welded pipe must not be pierced with holes for branch connections or other purposes. (b) Class II. Use unlimited except as restricted by maximum temperature or pressure specified in table 1 to § 56.60-1 or by the requirements contained in § 56.10-5(b). (c) Class I. (1) For those specifications in which a filler metal is used, the following applies to the material as furnished prior to any fabrication: (i) For use in service above 800 °F full welding procedure qualifications by the Coast Guard are required. See part 57 of this subchapter. (ii) Ultrasonic examination as required by item S-6 in ASTM A376 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) must be certified as having been met in all applications except where 100 percent radiography is a requirement of the particular material specification. (2) For those specifications in which no filler material is used in the welding process, the ultrasonic examination as required by item S-6 in ASTM A376 must be certified as having been met for service above 800 °F. Table 1 to § 56.60-2—Adopted Specifications Not Listed in the ASME BPVC 1 For limitations in use refer to § 56.60-5. 2 Limited to air and hydraulic service with a maximum design temperature of 150 °F. The material must not be used for saltwater service or other fluids that may cause dezincification or stress corrosion cracking. 3 Those alloys with a maximum copper content of 0.6 percent or less are acceptable under this specification. Cast aluminum must not be welded or brazed. Note 1 to table 1 to § 56.60-2: This table 1 to § 56.60-2 is a listing of adopted bar stock and nonferrous forging and casting specifications not listed in the ASME BPVC. Particular attention should be given to the supplementary testing requirem… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.11.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.60 | Subpart 56.60—Materials | § 56.60-3 Ferrous materials. | USCG | [CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40165, Sept. 2, 1975, as amended by USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65183, Oct. 31, 2008; USCG-2020-0634, 89 FR 50153, June 12, 2024] | (a) Ferrous pipe used for saltwater service must be protected against corrosion by hotdip galvanizing or by the use of extra heavy schedule material. (b) (Reproduces 124.2.C.) Carbon or alloy steel having carbon content of more than 0.35 percent must not be used in welded construction, nor be shaped by oxygen-cutting process or other thermal-cutting process. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.11.1.4 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.60 | Subpart 56.60—Materials | § 56.60-5 Steel (High temperature applications). | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGD 72-104R, 37 FR 14233, July 18, 1972; CGD 73-248, 39 FR 30839, Aug. 26, 1974; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40165, Sept. 2, 1975; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65183, Oct. 31, 2008; USCG-2020-0634, 89 FR 50153, June 12, 2024] | (a) (Reproduces 124.2.A.) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 800 °F (427 °C), the carbide phase of plain carbon steel, plain nickel-alloy steel, carbon-manganese-alloy steel, manganese-vanadium-alloy steel, and carbon-silicon steel may convert to graphite. (b) (Reproduces 124.2.B.) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 875 °F (468 °C), the carbide phase of alloy steels, such as carbon-molybdenum, manganese-molybdenum-vanadium, manganese-chromium-vanadium, and chromium-vanadium, may convert to graphite. (c) The design temperature of a piping system employing one or more of the materials listed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section must not exceed the lowest graphitization temperature specified for materials used. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.11.1.5 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.60 | Subpart 56.60—Materials | § 56.60-10 Cast iron and malleable iron. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9978, June 17, 1970; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40165, Sept. 2, 1975; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40612, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 95-027, 61 FR 26001, May 23, 1996; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65183, Oct. 31, 2008; USCG-2020-0634, 89 FR 50153, June 12, 2024] | (a) The low ductility of cast iron and malleable iron should be recognized and the use of these metals where shock loading may occur should be avoided. Cast iron and malleable iron components must not be used at temperatures above 450 °F. Cast iron and malleable iron fittings conforming to the specifications of table 1 to § 56.60-1 may be used at the pressure limits of the applicable standards at temperatures not exceeding 450 °F. Valves of either of these materials may be used if they conform to the standards for class 125 and class 250 flanges and flanged fittings in ASME B16.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). (b) Cast iron and malleable iron must not be used for valves or fittings in lines carrying flammable or combustible fluids which are directly connected to, or in the proximity of, equipment or other lines having open flame, or any parts operating at temperatures above 500 °F. Cast iron must not be used for hull fittings, or in systems conducting lethal products. For definitions of flammable or combustible fluids, see §§ 30.10-15 and 30.10-22 of subchapter D of this chapter. (c) Malleable iron and cast-iron valves and fittings, designed, and marked for Class 300 refrigeration service, may be used for such service up to a pressure limitation of 300 psig. Malleable iron flanges of this class may also be used in sizes 4 inches and smaller (oval and square design). | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.11.1.6 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.60 | Subpart 56.60—Materials | § 56.60-15 Ductile iron. | USCG | [CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40612, Oct. 2, 1989, as amended by CGD 95-027, 61 FR 26001, May 23, 1996; USCG-2000-7790, 65 FR 58460, Sept. 29, 2000; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65183, Oct. 31, 2008; USCG-2020-0634, 89 FR 50153, June 12, 2024] | (a) Ductile cast iron components made of material conforming to ASTM F1155 (incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2) may be used within the service restrictions and pressure-temperature limitations of UCD-3 of Section VIII of the ASME BPVC (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). (b) Ductile iron castings conforming to ASTM F1155 may be used in hydraulic systems at pressures in excess of 7500 kPa (1000 psi) gage, provided the following: (1) The castings receive a ferritizing anneal when the as-cast thickness does not exceed 1 inch; (2) Large castings for components, such as hydraulic cylinders, are examined as specified for a casting quality factor of 90 percent in accordance with UG-24 of Section VIII of the ASME BPVC; and (3) The castings are not welded, brazed, plugged, or otherwise repaired. (c) After machining, ductile iron castings must be hydrostatically tested to twice their maximum allowable working pressure and must show no leaks. (d) Ductile iron castings exhibiting less than 12 percent elongation in 50 millimeters (2 inches) when subjected to a tensile test must meet the requirements for cast iron in this part. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.11.1.7 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.60 | Subpart 56.60—Materials | § 56.60-20 Nonferrous materials. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40612, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 95-027, 61 FR 26001, May 23, 1996; USCG-2020-0634, 89 FR 50153, June 12, 2024] | Nonferrous materials listed in this subpart may be used in piping systems under the following conditions (see also § 56.10-5(c)): (a) The low melting points of many nonferrous metals and alloys, such as aluminum and aluminum alloys, must be recognized. These types of heat sensitive materials must not be used to conduct flammable, combustible, or dangerous fluids, or for vital systems unless approved by the Marine Safety Center. For definitions of flammable or combustible fluids, see §§ 30.10-15 and 30.10-22 of this chapter or parts 151-154 of this subchapter. Dangerous fluids are those covered by regulations in part 98 of this chapter. (b) The possibility of galvanic corrosion due to the relative solution potentials of copper and aluminum and their alloys should be considered when used in conjunction with each other or with steel or with other metals and their alloys when an electrolyte is present. (c) A suitable thread compound must be used in threaded joints in aluminum pipe to prevent seizing. Pipe in the annealed temper should not be threaded. (d) The corrosion resistance of copper bearing aluminum alloys in a marine atmosphere is poor and alloys with copper contents exceeding 0.6 percent should not be used. Refer to table 1 to § 56.60-2 for further guidance. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.11.1.8 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.60 | Subpart 56.60—Materials | § 56.60-25 Nonmetallic materials. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968] | (a) Plastic pipe installations must be in accordance with IMO Resolution A.753(18) and IMO Resolution MSC.313(88) (both incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2) and the following supplemental requirements. (1) Plastic pipe and associated fittings must be approved to approval series 164.141 as follows: (i) All piping, except pipe used on open decks, in cofferdams, void spaces, or ducts, must meet the flame spread requirements of Appendix 3 of IMO Resolution A.753(18). (ii) Where fire endurance is required in Appendix 4 of IMO Resolution A.753(18) the pipe must, at a minimum, be approved as meeting the fire endurance level required in Appendix 4. Ratings of “0” in Appendix 4 indicate that no fire endurance test is required. Ratings of “N/A” or “X” indicate that plastic pipe is not permitted. (iii) Piping in accommodation, service and control spaces must be approved for use in those spaces. (2) Plastic pipe that has not been approved for use in accommodation, service and control spaces is permitted in a concealed space in an accommodation, service or control space, such as behind ceilings or linings or between double bulkheads if: (i) The piping is enclosed in a trunk or duct constructed of “A” class divisions; or (ii) An approved smoke detection system is fitted in the concealed space and each penetration of a bulkhead or deck and each installation of a draft stop is made in accordance with IMO Resolution A.753(18) and IMO Resolution MSC.313(88) to maintain the integrity of fire divisions. (3) Requests for the use of plastic pipe for non-vital systems, as defined in § 56.07-5, containing non-flammable or non-combustible liquids in locations that do not require fire endurance testing, as indicated in Appendix 4 of IMO Resolution A.753(18), must be submitted to the Marine Safety Center for review. The proposed piping must meet the following requirements: (i) The length of pipe must be 30 inches or less; (ii) The pipe must be contained within the space and does not penetrate any bulkhead, overhead or deck; … | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.12.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.65 | Subpart 56.65—Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection | § 56.65-1 General (modifies 127 through 135). | USCG | The requirements for fabrication, assembly, and erection in subparts 56.70 through 56.90 must apply in lieu of 127 through 135 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). Those paragraphs reproduced are so noted. | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.13.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.70 | Subpart 56.70—Welding | § 56.70-1 General. | USCG | The following generally applies to all types of welding processes. Alternatives must be approved by the Marine Safety Center. | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.13.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.70 | Subpart 56.70—Welding | § 56.70-3 Limitations. | USCG | Backing strips used at longitudinal welded joints must be removed. | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.13.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.70 | Subpart 56.70—Welding | § 56.70-5 Material. | USCG | (a) Filler metal. All filler metal, including consumable insert material, must comply with the requirements of Section IX of the ASME BPVC (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) and § 57.02-5 of this subchapter. (b) Backing rings. Backing rings must comply with section 127.2.2. of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.13.1.4 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.70 | Subpart 56.70—Welding | § 56.70-10 Preparation (modifies 127.3). | USCG | (a) Butt welds —(1) End preparation. (i) Oxygen or arc cutting is acceptable only if the cut is reasonably smooth and true, and all slag is cleaned from the flame cut surfaces. Discoloration which may remain on the flame cut surface is not considered to be detrimental oxidation. (ii) Butt-welding end preparation dimensions contained in ASME B16.25 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) or any other end preparation that meets the procedure qualification requirements are acceptable. (iii) If piping component ends are bored, such boring must not result in the finished wall thickness after welding being less than the minimum design thickness. Where necessary, weld metal of the appropriate analysis may be deposited on the inside or outside of the piping component to provide sufficient material for machining to insure satisfactory fitting of rings. (iv) If the piping component ends are upset, they may be bored to allow for a completely recessed backing ring, provided the remaining net thickness of the finished ends is not less than the minimum design thickness. (2) Cleaning. Surfaces for welding must be clean and must be free from paint, oil, rust, scale, or other material which is detrimental to welding. (3) Alignment. The inside diameters of piping components to be joined must be aligned as accurately as practicable. Alignment must be preserved during welding. Where ends are to be joined and the internal misalignment exceeds 1/16 -inch, it is preferred that the component with the wall extending internally be internally trimmed (see Fig. 127.3) so that adjoining internal surfaces are approximately flush. However, this trimming must not reduce a piping component wall thickness below the minimum design thickness and the change in the contour may not exceed 30°. (4) Spacing. The root opening of the joint must be as given in the procedure specification. (b) Fillet welds. Piping components that are to be joined utilizing fillet welds must be prepared in accordance with applicable provisions and requ… | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.13.1.5 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.70 | Subpart 56.70—Welding | § 56.70-15 Procedure (modifies 127.4). | USCG | (a) General. (1) Qualification of welders and welding procedures is required and must comply with the requirements of part 57 of this subchapter. (2) Sections must be welded insofar as possible in the fabricating shop. Welding must not be done in severe weather conditions. Prior to welding Class I piping or low temperature piping, the fabricator must request a marine inspector to visit their plant to examine their fabricating equipment and to witness the qualification tests required by part 57 of this subchapter. One test specimen must be prepared for each process and welding position to be employed in the fabrication. (b) Girth butt welds. (1) Girth butt welds must be complete penetration welds and may be made with a single vee, double vee, or other suitable type of groove, with or without backing rings or consumable inserts. (2) Girth butt welds in Class I, I-L, and II-L piping systems must be double welded butt joints or equivalent single welded butt joints for pipe diameters exceeding three-fourth inch nominal pipe size. The use of a single welded butt joint employing a backing ring (note restrictions in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section) on the inside of the pipe is an acceptable equivalent for Class I and Class II-L applications, but not permitted for Class I-L applications. Single welded butt joints employing either an inert gas for first pass backup or a consumable insert ring may be considered the equivalent of a double welded butt joint for all classes of piping and is preferable for Class I-L and II-L systems where double butt welds cannot be used. A first pass inert gas backup is intended to mean that the inside of the pipe is purged with inert gas and that the root is welded with the inert gas metal arc (mig) or inert gas tungsten arc (tig) processes. For single welded joints, where possible, the inside of the joint must be examined visually to assure full penetration. Radiographic examination of at least 20 percent of single welded joints to check for penetration is required for all Class … | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.13.1.6 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.70 | Subpart 56.70—Welding | § 56.70-20 Qualification, general. | USCG | (a) Qualification of welding procedures and welders is required, and must comply with the requirements of Section IX of the ASME BPVC (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) as modified by part 57 of this subchapter. (b) Each butt-welded joint of Class I of Class I-L piping must be marked with the welder's identification symbol. Dies must not be used to mark the pipe where the pressure exceeds 600 psig or the temperature exceeds 750 °F or in Class I-L systems. | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.14.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.75 | Subpart 56.75—Brazing | § 56.75-5 Filler metal (modifies 128.2). | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40615, Oct. 2, 1989; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65184, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) The filler metal used in brazing must be a nonferrous metal or alloy having a melting point above 1,000 °F and below that of the metal being joined. The filler metal must flow freely within the desired temperature range and, in conjunction with a suitable flux or controlled atmosphere, must wet and adhere to the surfaces to be joined. Prior to using a particular brazing material in a piping system, the requirements of § 56.60-20 should be considered. (b) The brazing material used must have a shearing strength of at least 10,000 psig. The maximum allowable working pressure for brazing piping must be determined by this part. (c) Fluxes that are fluid and chemically active at the brazing temperature must be used when necessary to prevent oxidation of the filler metal and of the surfaces to be joined and to promote free flowing of the filler metal. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.14.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.75 | Subpart 56.75—Brazing | § 56.75-10 Joint clearance. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65184, Oct. 31, 2008] | The clearance between surfaces to be joined must be no larger than is necessary to allow complete capillary distribution of the brazing alloy or solder. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.14.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.75 | Subpart 56.75—Brazing | § 56.75-15 Heating. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65184, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) The joint must be brought to brazing temperature in as short a time as possible to minimize oxidation. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.14.1.4 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.75 | Subpart 56.75—Brazing | § 56.75-20 Brazing qualification. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65184, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) The qualification of the performance of brazers and brazing operators must be in accordance with the requirements of Part C, Section IX of the ASME Code (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) and part 57 of this subchapter. (b) Manufacturers shall perform those tests required by paragraph (a) of this section prior to performing production brazing. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.14.1.5 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.75 | Subpart 56.75—Brazing | § 56.75-25 Detail requirements. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65184, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Pipe may be fabricated by brazing when the temperature to which such connections may be subjected does not exceed 425 °F. (For exception refer to § 56.30-30(b)(1).) (b) The surfaces to be brazed must be clean and free from grease, oxides, paint, scale, and dirt of any kind. (c) After the parts to be joined have been thoroughly cleaned the edges to be brazed must be given an even coating of flux prior to heating the joint as a protection against oxidation. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.14.1.6 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.75 | Subpart 56.75—Brazing | § 56.75-30 Pipe joining details. | USCG | (a) Silver brazing. (1) Circumferential pipe joints may be either of the socket or butt type. When butt joints are employed the edges to be joined must be cut or machined square and the edges must be held closely together to insure a satisfactory joint. (b) Copper-alloy brazing. (1) Copper-alloy brazing may be employed to join pipe, valves, and fittings. Circumferential joints may be either of the butt or socket type. Where butt joints are employed, the included angle must be not less than 90° where the wall thickness is three-sixteenths of an inch or greater. The annular clearance of socket joints must be held to small clearances. (2) Copper pipe fabricated with longitudinal joints for pressures not exceeding that permitted by the regulations in this subchapter may have butt, lapped, or scarfed joints. If of the latter type, the kerf of the material must be not less than 60°. (c) Brazing, general. (1) Heat must be applied evenly and uniformly to all parts of the joint in order to prevent local overheating. (2) The members to be joined must be held firmly in place until the brazing alloy has set so as to prevent any strain on the joint until the brazing alloy has thoroughly solidified. The brazing must be done by placing the flux and brazing material on one side of the joint and applying heat until the brazing material flows entirely through the lap and shows uniformly along the seam on the other side of the joint. Sufficient flux must be used to cause the brazing material to appear promptly after reaching the brazing temperature. | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.15.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.80 | Subpart 56.80—Bending and Forming | § 56.80-5 Bending (modifies 129). | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9979, June 17, 1970; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | Pipe may be bent by any hot or cold method and to any radius that will result in a bend surface free of cracks, as determined by a method of inspection specified in the design, and substantially free of buckles. Such bends must meet the design requirements of 102.4.5 and 104.2.1 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). This does not prohibit the use of bends designed as creased or corrugated. If doubt exists as to the wall thickness being adequate, Class I piping having diameters exceeding 4 inches must be nondestructively examined by the use of ultrasonics or other acceptable method. The nondestructive method must be employed where the design temperature exceeds 750 °F. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.15.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.80 | Subpart 56.80—Bending and Forming | § 56.80-10 Forming (reproduces 129.2). | USCG | (a) Piping components may be formed (swaging, lapping, or upsetting of pipe ends, extrusion of necks, etc.) by any suitable hot or cold working method, providing such processes result in formed surfaces which are uniform and free of cracks or other defects, as determined by methods of inspection specified in the design. (b) [Reserved] | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.15.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.80 | Subpart 56.80—Bending and Forming | § 56.80-15 Heat treatment of bends and formed components. | USCG | [CGFR 68-62, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9979, June 17, 1970; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40166, Sept. 2, 1975; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Carbon-steel piping that has been heated to at least 1,650 °F (898 °C) for bending or other forming requires no subsequent heat treatment. (b) Ferritic alloy steel piping which has been heated for bending or other forming operations must receive a stress relieving treatment, a full anneal, or a normalize and temper treatment, as specified by the design specification before welding. (c) Cold bending and forming of carbon steel having a wall thickness of three-fourths of an inch and heavier, and all ferritic-alloy pipe in nominal pipe sizes of 4 inches and larger, or one-half-inch wall thickness or heavier, will require a stress-relieving treatment. (d) Cold bending of carbon-steel and ferritic-alloy steel pipe in sizes and wall thicknesses less than specified in 129.3.3 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) may be used without a postheat treatment. (e) For other materials the heat treatment of bends and formed components must be such as to ensure pipe properties that are consistent with the original pipe specification. (f) All scale must be removed from heat treated pipe prior to installation. (g) Austenitic stainless-steel pipe that has been heated for bending or other forming may be used in the “as-bent” condition unless the design specification requires post-bending heat treatment. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.16.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.85 | Subpart 56.85—Heat Treatment of Welds | § 56.85-5 Heating and cooling method. | USCG | [USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | Heat treatment may be accomplished by a suitable heating method that will provide the desired heating and cooling rates, the required metal temperature, metal temperature uniformity, and temperature control. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.16.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.85 | Subpart 56.85—Heat Treatment of Welds | § 56.85-10 Preheating. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9980, June 17, 1970; CGD 72-104R, 37 FR 14234, July 18, 1972; CGD 72-206R, 38 FR 17229, June 29, 1973; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40166, Sept. 2, 1975; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40615, Oct. 2, 1989; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | The minimum welding preheat procedures and temperatures must be as stated in section 131 and Table 131.4.1 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.16.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.85 | Subpart 56.85—Heat Treatment of Welds | § 56.85-15 Postweld heat treatment. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 72-206R, 38 FR 17229, June 29, 1973; CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40167, Sept. 2, 1975; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | Postweld heat treatment procedures and temperatures must be as stated in Section 132 and Table 132 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.17.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.90 | Subpart 56.90—Assembly | § 56.90-1 General. | USCG | The assembly of the various piping components, whether done in a shop or as field erection, must be done so that the completely erected piping conforms with the requirements of the regulations in this subchapter. | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.17.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.90 | Subpart 56.90—Assembly | § 56.90-5 Bolting procedure. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) All flanged joints must be fitted up so that the gasket contact faces bear uniformly on the gasket and then must be made up with relatively uniform bolt stress. (b) When bolting gasketed flanged joints, the gasket must be properly compressed in accordance with the design principles applicable to the type of gasket used. (c) Steel to cast iron flanged joints shall be assembled with care to prevent damage to the cast iron flange in accordance with § 56.25-10. (d) All bolts must be engaged so that there is visible evidence of complete threading through the nut or threaded attachment. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.17.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.90 | Subpart 56.90—Assembly | § 56.90-10 Threaded piping (modifies 135.5). | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Any compound used in threaded joints must be suitable for the service conditions and must not react unfavorably with either the service fluid or the piping materials. (b) Threaded joints that are to be seal welded must be made up without any thread compound. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.18.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.95 | Subpart 56.95—Inspection | § 56.95-1 General (replaces 136). | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9979, June 17, 1970; USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) The provisions in this subpart apply to inspection in lieu of 136 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). (b) Prior to initial operation, a piping installation must be inspected to assure compliance with the engineering design, and with the material, fabrication, assembly, and test requirements of ASME B31.1, as modified by this subchapter. This inspection is the responsibility of the owner or operator and may be performed with an engineering organization employed by the owner, together with the marine inspector. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.18.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.95 | Subpart 56.95—Inspection | § 56.95-5 Rights of access of marine inspectors. | USCG | Marine inspectors must have rights of access to any place where work concerned with the piping is being performed. This includes manufacture, fabrication, assembly, erection, and testing of the piping or system components. Marine inspectors must have access to review all certifications or records pertaining to the inspection requirements of § 56.95-1, including certified qualifications for welders, welding operators, and welding procedures. | ||||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.18.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.95 | Subpart 56.95—Inspection | § 56.95-10 Type and extent of examination required. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 72-206R, 38 FR 17229, June 29, 1973; CGD 78-108, 43 FR 46546, Oct. 10, 1978; CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40615, Oct. 2, 1989; CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51202, Sept. 30, 1997; USCG-2000-7790, 65 FR 58460, Sept. 29, 2000; USCG-2003-16630, 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) General. The types and extent of nondestructive examinations required for piping must be in accordance with this section and Table 136.4 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). In addition, a visual examination must be made. (1) 100 percent radiography is required for all Class I, I-L, and II-L piping with wall thickness equal to or greater than 10 mm (0.393 in.). Throughout this this section, where for some reason, such as joint configuration, radiography is not applicable, another approved examination may be utilized. (2) Nondestructive examination is required for all Class II piping equal to or greater than 18 inches nominal diameter regardless of wall thickness. Any test method acceptable to the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection may be used. (3) Nondestructive examinations of other piping systems are required only when deemed necessary by the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI). (b) Visual examination. Visual examination consists of observation by the marine inspector either before, during, or after manufacture, fabrication, assembly, or test. All welds, pipe and piping components must comply with the limitations on imperfections specified in the product specification or with the limitations on imperfections specified in § 56.70-15(b)(7) and (8), and (c), as applicable. (c) Nondestructive types of examinations —(1) 100 Percent radiography. Where 100 percent radiography is required, each weld in the piping must be completely radiographed. If a butt weld is examined by radiography, for either random or 100 percent radiography, the method used must be as follows: (i) X-ray or gamma ray method of radiography may be used. The selection of the method must be dependent upon its adaptability to the work being radiographed. The procedure to be followed must be as indicated in PW-51 of Section I of the ASME BPVC (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). (ii) If a piping component or a weld other than a butt weld is radiographed, the method used must be in accordance wit… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.19.1.1 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.97 | Subpart 56.97—Pressure Tests | § 56.97-1 General (replaces 137). | USCG | [CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40167, Sept. 2, 1975, as amended by USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Scope. The requirements in this subpart apply to pressure tests of piping in lieu of 137 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). Those paragraphs reproduced are so noted. (b) Leak tightness. It is mandatory that the piping constructed demonstrates leak tightness. Except where otherwise permitted, this requirement must be met by a hydrostatic leak test prior to initial operations. Where a hydrostatic test is not practicable, a pneumatic test (§ 56.97-35) or initial service leak test (§ 56.97-38) may be substituted if approved by the Commandant. (1) At no time during the hydrostatic test may any part of the piping system be subjected to a stress greater than 90 percent of its yield strength (0.2 percent offset) at test temperature. (2) Pneumatic tests may be used in lieu of the required hydrostatic test (except as permitted in paragraph (b)(3) of this section), only when— (i) Piping subassemblies or systems are so designed or supported that they cannot be safely filled with water; or These tests may be made with the item being tested partially filled with water, if desired. (ii) Piping systems are to be used in services where traces of water cannot be tolerated and, whenever possible, the piping subassemblies or system have been previously hydrostatically tested to the pressure required in § 56.97-30(e). (3) A pneumatic test at a pressure not to exceed 25 psig may be applied before a hydrostatic or a pneumatic test as a means of locating major leaks. The preliminary pneumatic test must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of § 56.97-35. Compressed gas is hazardous when used as a testing medium. It is, therefore, recommended that special precautions for protection of personnel be taken whenever gas under pressure is used as the test medium. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.19.1.2 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.97 | Subpart 56.97—Pressure Tests | § 56.97-5 Pressure testing of nonstandard piping system components. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-140, 54 FR 40615, Oct. 2, 1989] | (a) All nonstandard piping system components such as welded valves and fittings, nonstandard fittings, manifolds, seacocks, and other appurtenances must be hydrostatically tested to twice the rated pressure stamped thereon, except that no component should be tested at a pressure causing stresses in excess of 90 percent of its yield strength. (b) Items for which an accepted standard appears in table 2 to § 56.60-1 need not be tested as described in paragraph (a) of this section, but need only meet the test required in the applicable standard. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.19.1.3 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.97 | Subpart 56.97—Pressure Tests | § 56.97-25 Preparation for testing (modifies 137.2). | USCG | [CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40167, Sept. 2, 1975] | (a) Exposure of joints. All joints including welds must be left uninsulated and exposed for examination during the test. (b) Addition of temporary supports. Piping systems designed for vapor or gas may be provided with additional temporary supports, if necessary. (c) Restraint or isolation of expansion joints. Expansion joints must be provided with temporary restraint, if required for the additional pressure load under test. (d) Isolation of equipment not subjected to pressure test. Equipment that is not to be subjected to the pressure test must be isolated by a blank flange or equivalent means. (e) Treatment of flanged joints containing blinds. Flanged joints at which blinds are inserted to blank off other equipment during the test need not be tested. (f) Precautions against test medium expansion. If a pressure test is to be maintained for a period of time and the test medium in the system is subject to thermal expansion, precautions must be taken to avoid excessive pressure. A small relief valve set to 1 1/3 times the test pressure is recommended during the pressure test. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.19.1.4 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.97 | Subpart 56.97—Pressure Tests | § 56.97-30 Hydrostatic tests (modifies 137.4). | USCG | [CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40167, Sept. 2, 1975, as amended by USCG-2003-16630, 73 FR 65185, Oct. 31, 2008] | (a) Provision of air vents at high points. Vents must be provided at all high points of the piping subassembly or system in the position in which the test is to be conducted to purge air pockets while the component or system is filling. (b) Test medium and test temperature. (1) Water will be used for a hydrostatic leak test unless another medium is approved by the Commandant. (2) The temperature of the test medium will be that of the available source unless otherwise approved by the Commandant upon review of the metallurgical aspects of the piping materials with respect to its brittle fracture properties. (c) Check of test equipment before applying pressure. The test equipment must be examined before pressure is applied to ensure that it is tight and that all low-pressure filling lines and other items that should not be subjected to the test pressure have been disconnected or isolated by valves or other suitable means. (d) Examination for leakage after application of pressure. Following the application of the hydrostatic test pressure for a minimum of 10 minutes (see paragraph (g) of this section), examination for leakage must be made of all joints, connections and of all regions of high stress, such as regions around openings and thickness-transition sections. (e) Minimum required hydrostatic test pressure. Except as otherwise permitted in paragraph (f) of this section or § 56.97-40, piping systems must be subjected to a hydrostatic test pressure that at every point in the system is not less than 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure. (f) Maximum permissible hydrostatic test pressure. (1) When a system is tested hydrostatically, the test pressure must not exceed the maximum test pressure of any component such as vessels, pumps, or valves in the system. (2) At no time during the hydrostatic test may any part of the piping system be subjected to a stress greater than 90 percent of its yield strength (0.2 percent offset) at test temperature. (g) Hydrostatic test pressure holding time… | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.19.1.5 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.97 | Subpart 56.97—Pressure Tests | § 56.97-35 Pneumatic tests (replaces 137.5). | USCG | [CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40168, Sept. 2, 1975] | (a) General Requirements. When a pneumatic test is performed, it must be conducted in accordance with the requirements of this section. (b) Test medium and test temperature. (1) The gas used as the test medium must not be flammable nor toxic. (2) The temperature of the test medium will be that of the available source unless otherwise approved by the Commandant. (c) Check of test equipment before applying pressure. The test equipment must be examined before pressure is applied to ensure that it is tight and that all items that should not be subjected to the test pressure have been disconnected or isolated by valves or other suitable means. (d) Procedure for applying pressure. The pressure in the system must gradually be increased to not more than one-half of the test pressure, after which the pressure is increased in steps of approximately one-tenth of the test pressure until the required test pressure has been reached. (e) Examination for leakage after application of pressure. Following the application of pressure for the time specified in paragraph (h) of this section, examination for leakage in accordance with § 56.97-30(d) must be conducted. (f) Minimum required pneumatic test pressure. Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section or § 56.97-40, the pneumatic test pressure may not be less than 1.20 nor more than 1.25 times the maximum allowable working pressure of the piping subassembly system. (g) Maximum permissible pneumatic test pressure. When a system is tested pneumatically, the test pressure may not exceed the maximum test pressure of any component such as vessels, pumps or valves in the system. (h) Pneumatic test pressure holding time. The pneumatic test pressure must be maintained for a minimum total time of 10 minutes and for such additional time as may be necessary to conduct the examination for leakage required in § 56.97-30(d). | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.19.1.6 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.97 | Subpart 56.97—Pressure Tests | § 56.97-38 Initial service leak test (modifies 137.7). | USCG | [CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40168, Sept. 2, 1975] | (a) An initial service leak test and inspection is acceptable when other types of test are not practical or when leak tightness is conveniently demonstrable due to the nature of the service. One example is piping where shut-off valves are not available for isolating a line. Others may be systems for service water, condensate, plant and instrument air, etc., where checking out of pumps and compressors afford ample opportunity for leak tightness inspection prior to full-scale operation. (b) The piping system must be gradually brought up to design pressure. After inspection of the piping system has proven that the installation is complete and all joints are leak-tight, the piping has met the requirements of § 56.97-1. | |||
| 46:46:2.0.1.2.13.19.1.7 | 46 | Shipping | I | F | 56 | PART 56—PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES | 56.97 | Subpart 56.97—Pressure Tests | § 56.97-40 Installation tests. | USCG | [CGFR 68-82, 33 FR 18843, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69-127, 35 FR 9980, June 17, 1970; CGD 72-206R, 38 FR 17229, June 29, 1973 CGD 73-254, 40 FR 40168, Sept. 2, 1975; CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51202, Sept. 30, 1997] | (a) The following piping systems must be hydrostatically leak tested in the presence of a marine inspector at a pressure of 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure of the system: (1) Class I steam, feedwater, and blowoff piping. Where piping is attached to boilers by welding without practical means of blanking off for testing, the piping must be subjected to the same hydrostatic pressure to which the boiler is tested. The maximum allowable working pressures of boiler feedwater and blowoff piping must be the design pressures specified in §§ 56.50-30(a)(3) and 56.50-40(b) of this subpart, respectively. (2) Fuel oil discharge piping between the pumps and the burners. (3) Flammable or corrosive liquids and compressed gas cargo piping, but not less than 150 psig. (4) Any Class I, I-L, II-L piping. (5) Cargo oil piping. (6) Firemains. (7) Fuel oil transfer and filling piping. (8) Class I compressed air piping. (9) Fixed oxygen-acetylene system piping. (b) Installation testing requirements for refrigeration, fluid power, and liquefied petroleum gas cooking and heating systems may be found in part 58 of this subchapter. (c) Class II piping systems must be tested under working conditions as specified in the section on initial service leak test, § 56.97-38. |
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