cfr_sections
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29 rows where part_number = 42 and title_number = 7 sorted by section_id
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.1.231.1 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 42.101 Meaning of words. | AMS | [31 FR 4687, Mar. 19, 1966; 31 FR 4949, Mar. 25, 1966; Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | Words used in this part in the singular form shall be considered to import the plural, or vice versa, as the case may demand. | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.1.231.2 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | A | Subpart A—Definitions | § 42.102 Definitions, general. | AMS | [31 FR 4687, Mar. 19, 1966, as amended at 36 FR 18456, Sept. 15, 1971; 41 FR 42639, Sept. 28, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and further amended at 45 FR 69423, Oct. 21, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; 78 FR 57035, Sept. 17, 2013] | For the purpose of this part, unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall be construed, respectively, to mean: Acceptable Quality Level (AQL). The maximum number of defects per hundred units (DHU) which is acceptable as a process average. Lots, or portions of production, having a quality level equal to a specified AQL will be accepted approximately 95 percent of the time when using the sampling plans prescribed for the AQL. Acceptance Number (Ac). The number in a sampling plan that indicates the maximum number of defects permitted in a sample in order to consider a lot as meeting a specific requirement. Administrator. The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) of the Department or any other officer or employee of the Agency who is delegated, or who may be delegated the authority to act in the Administrator's stead. Basic Inspection Period. A specified period of consecutive production designated for on-line inspection (e.g., one shift's production, one day's production, etc.). Condition. The degree of acceptability of the container with respect to freedom from defects which affect the serviceability, including appearance as well as usability, of the container for its intended purpose. Cumulative Sum Sampling (CuSum) Plan. An on-line sampling plan that accumulates the number of defects which exceed the subgroup tolerance (“T”) in a series of consecutive subgroups. Terms specified to the CuSum sampling plans are: (a) Acceptance Limit (“L”). The maximum accumulation of defects allowed to exceed the subgroup tolerance (“T”) in any subgroup or consecutive subgroups. (b) CuSum value. The accumulated number of defects that exceed the subgroup tolerance (“T”). (c) Subgroup tolerance (“T”). The allowable number of defects in any subgroup. (d) Starting value (“S”). The initial CuSum value used to begin a CuSum sampling plan. Defect. Any nonconformance of a container from specified requirements. Defect classifications. The terms used to denote the severity o… | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.1 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.103 Purpose and scope. | AMS | [31 FR 4687, Mar. 19, 1966, as amended at 36 FR 18456, Sept. 15, 1971; 41 FR 42639, Sept. 28, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and further amended at 45 FR 69424, Oct. 21, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | (a) This subpart outlines the procedure to be used to establish the condition of containers in stationary lots of packaged foods. This subpart shall be used to determine the acceptability of a lot based on specified acceptable quality levels and defects referenced in § 42.104 or any alternative plan which is approved by the Administrator. In addition, any other sampling plan in the tables with a larger first sample size than that indicated by the lot size range may be specified when approved by the Administrator. This subpart or approved alternative plan will be applied when a Government agency or private user of the inspection or grading services requests that filled primary containers or shipping cases, or both, be certified for condition. Unless the request for certification specifically asks that only the primary container or only the shipping case be examined, both containers will be examined. (b) Unless otherwise specified by the user of service, this subpart will not apply to inspection lots of less than 50 shipping cases or to inspection lots of less than 300 primary containers. When the primary container is the shipping case, the shipping case limit will apply. When the lot size exceeds either the 50 shipping case limit or the 300 primary container limit or both, the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section will apply. (c) Under certain conditions, special procedures (Skip Lot Sampling and Inspection) may be used to determine the condition of containers in stationary lots of packaged foods. Subpart C sets forth the requirements and procedures for Skip Lot Sampling and Inspection. | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.10 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.112 Defects of containers: Tables IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X. | AMS | [78 FR 57041, Sept. 17, 2013] | Table IV—Metal Containers [Rigid and semi-rigid] 1 Defect classification depends on the severity of the defect. Table V—Composite Containers [Fiberboard body with metal lids or metal bottoms, plastic or foil top with cap] Table VI—Glass Containers [Bottles, Jars] Table VII—Plastic Containers [Rigid and Semi-Rigid, Bottles, Jars, Tubs, Trays, Pails, etc.] Table VIII—Rigid and Semi-Rigid Containers—Corrugated or Solid Fiberboard, Chipboard, Wood, Paperboard Aseptic Cartons, Polymeric Trays, etc. [Excluding metal, glass, and plastic] Table IX—Flexible Containers [Plastic, Cellophane, Paper, Textile, Laminated Multi-Layer Pouch, Bag, etc.] Table X—Unitizing [Plastic or other type of casing/unitizing] | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.11 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.113 Defects of label, marking, or code. | AMS | [78 FR 57046, Sept. 17, 2013] | Table XI—Label, Marking, or Code | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.12 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.114 Procedures for evaluating interior container defects. | AMS | [78 FR 57046, Sept. 17, 2013] | (a) Sections 42.101-42.136 provide procedures for determining lot conformance with the U.S. Standards for Condition of Food Containers. This determination is based on the examination of the external characteristics of the food containers. (b) As an option, if a user of the inspection service requests to have the interior characteristics of containers examined, and apply these results in the determination of lot acceptability, the defects listed in Table XII may be used. (c) The determination of lot acceptability based on internal container defects shall be independent of the determination of lot acceptability for U.S. Standards for Condition of Food Containers. A user of the inspection service may choose to require inspection for internal can defects as well as inspection for U.S. Standards for Condition of Food Containers. (d) If a user of the inspection service requests an examination for internal container defects in addition to an official USDA/USDC inspection for product quality and/or U.S. grade, the containers opened by the official inspection service for inspection of product quality and/or U.S. grade will be used for examination of interior container defects. The minimum sample size for evaluation of interior container defects will be 13 containers. As a result, additional containers will be required if the inspection for quality or U.S. grade calls for fewer than 13 containers. Table XIII provides acceptance numbers for internal container defects for selected sample sizes. Table XII—Interior Container Defects Table XIII—Acceptance Numbers for Internal Container Defects | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.2 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.104 Sampling plans and defects. | AMS | [31 FR 4687, Mar. 19, 1966, as amended at 36 FR 18456, Sept. 15, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 and 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | (a) Sampling plans. Sections 42.109 through 42.111 show the number of containers to examine for condition in relation to lot size ranges. The tables provide acceptance (Ac) and rejection (Re) numbers for lot acceptance (or rejection) based on the number, class, and type of defects present in the sample. (b) Defects. The tables in § 42.112 enumerate and classify defects according to the degree to which the individual defect affects the serviceability, including appearance as well as usability, of the container for its intended purpose. The table in § 42.113 enumerates and classifies defects of the label, marking, or code. | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.3 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.105 Basis for selection of sample. | AMS | [31 FR 4687, Mar. 19, 1966, as amended at 36 FR 18456, Sept. 15, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 and 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | (a) Identification of lot. Selection of proper samples requires sufficient information to identify the lot; such information includes, but is not limited to: (1) The lot size (see § 42.103 for restriction on small lots); (2) The type and size of container; (3) The code marks or other identification marks and the number of containers represented by each mark. (4) The history of the lot regarding previous inspections; and (5) The inspection status (normal, tightened, or reduced). (b) Preliminary scanning. Prior to drawing the sample, the lot should be scanned to determine if any segments or portions are abnormal with respect to wet cases, blown cans, top layer rust, leaking bags, etc. If such segments or portions noted are of any consequence, the lot may be rejected for condition of containers without sampling. (c) Sample size. Determination of the number of containers to check for condition: (1) Refer to the table in §§ 42.109 through 42.111 (sampling plans) and find where the lot size (number of individual containers) fits into the column headed “Lot Size Ranges.” (i) Tables I-A (normal), II-A (tightened), or III-A (reduced), as applicable, will apply to origin inspections, unless the contractor requests that corresponding single sampling plans be used. (ii) The appropriate double sampling plans in Table I will apply to other than origin inspections, unless the contractor requests that corresponding single sampling plans be used. (2) Select the appropriate sample size for the corresponding lot size range as indicated in the appropriate column headed “Sample Size.” (3) Lots rejected for unsatisfactory condition of containers may be subsequently sampled after being reconditioned or reworked. Such lots or resulting portion of a lot may be sampled as a reoffered lot providing the reoffered portion is separately identifiable. When making such inspections, the appropriate sampling plan for tightened inspection shall be used. Except in the case of an appeal inspection, it is not permissible to reinspec… | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.4 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.106 Classifying and recording defects. | AMS | [31 FR 4687, Mar. 19, 1966, as amended at 36 FR 18456, Sept. 15, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 and 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; 78 FR 57035, Sept. 17, 2013] | (a) Classifying defects. Examine each sample unit for the applicable type of defects listed in the table covering the container being inspected in §§ 42.112 and 42.113. Other defects, not specifically listed, shall be classified according to their effect on the intended use of the container. (1) Related defects are defects on a single container that are related to a single cause. If the initial incident causing one of the defects had not occurred, none of the other related defects on the container would be present. As an example of related defects, a can may be a leaker and the exterior may also be seriously rusted due to the leakage of the contents. In this case, the container is scored only once for these two defects since the rust condition can be attributed to the leak. Score the container according to whichever condition is the most serious. In this example, score as a “leaker” (a critical defect) and not as “pitted rust” (a major defect). (2) Unrelated defects are defects on a single container that result from separate causes. If the incident that caused one of the defects had not occurred, the other unrelated defects on the container would still be present. As an example of unrelated defects, a can may be seriously rusted, may have a bad dent along the seam, and the label may also be detached from the can because of improper gluing. In this case it is unlikely that any of the three defects exist because of a common cause. Therefore, they are considered unrelated defects and should be scored as three defects. (3) The lot acceptance portion of this procedure is based on the number of defects per 100 containers. It is necessary to determine if the defects on any one container are “related” defects or “unrelated” defects. A container is scored for the most serious of related defects, and is also scored for each unrelated defect. (b) Recording defects. Record on a worksheet the number, type, and class (critical, major, or minor) of defects on each sample unit. (c) Totaling defects. Add the number of … | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.5 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.107 Lot acceptance criteria. | AMS | [31 FR 4687, Mar. 19, 1966, as amended at 36 FR 18456, Sept. 15, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 and 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | (a) The acceptability of the lot is determined by relating the number and class of defects enumerated on the worksheet to the acceptance and rejection numbers shown in §§ 42.109 through 42.111 for the respective sample size and Acceptable Quality Level (AQL). (b) Unless otherwise specified, use the following AQL's for the respective class of defects: (c) Refer to the appropriate sample size and AQL and compare the number of defects found in the sample with the acceptance (Ac) and rejection (Re) numbers in the sampling plan. (1) Accept the lot after examining the single sample or first sample of a double sampling plan when all of the following conditions are met: (i) The number of critical defects does not exceed the applicable acceptance number (Ac) for critical defects, and (ii) The number of major defects does not exceed the applicable acceptance number (Ac) for major defects, and (iii) The total number of critical, major, and minor defects does not exceed the applicable acceptance number (Ac) for total defects. (2) Reject the lot after examining the single sample or first sample of a double sampling plan when any one or more of the following conditions occur: (i) The number of critical defects equals or exceeds the applicable rejection number (Re) for critical defects, or (ii) The number of major defects equals or exceeds the applicable rejection number (Re) for major defects, or (iii) The total number of critical, major, and minor defects equals or exceeds the applicable rejection number (Re) for total defects. (3) If the lot can neither be accepted nor rejected on the first sample, when a double sampling plan is used, select and examine the prescribed second sample. Accept the lot if the accumulated defects of the first and second sample meet conditions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section, otherwise, reject the lot. | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.6 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.108 Normal, tightened, or reduced inspection. | AMS | [31 FR 4687, Mar. 19, 1966, as amended at 36 FR 18456, Sept. 15, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 and 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | (a) Normal inspection. Sampling plans for normal inspection are those in Tables I and I-A. These plans shall be used except when the history of inspection permits reduced inspection or requires tightened inspection. (b) Tightened inspection. Sampling plans for tightened inspection are those in Tables II and II-A. (c) Reduced inspection. Sampling plans for reduced inspection are those in Tables III and III-A. (d) Switching rules. The normal inspection procedure shall be followed except when conditions in paragraph (d) (1) or (3) of this section are applicable or unless otherwise specified. Application of the following switching rules will be restricted to the inspection of lots for one applicant at a single location (plant, warehouse, etc.), and will be based upon records of original inspections of lots (excluding resubmitted lots) at that same location. (1) Normal inspection to reduced inspection. When normal inspection is in effect, reduced inspection shall be instituted providing that reduced inspection is considered desirable by the Administrator and further provided that all of the following conditions are satisfied for each class of defect: (i) The preceding 10 inspection lots (or more, as indicated by the note to Table III-B) which have been inspected within the preceding 6 months have been on normal inspection and none has been rejected on original inspection; and (ii) The total number of defects in the samples from the preceding 10 inspection lots (or such other number of lots used for condition in paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section) is equal to or less than the applicable number given in Table III-B. If a double sampling plan is used, all samples inspected should be included, not “first” samples only; and (2) Reduced inspection to normal inspection. When reduced inspection is in effect, normal inspection shall be reinstituted if any of the following occur: (i) An inspection lot is rejected on original inspection; or (ii) Production becomes irregular (delayed or accelerated); or (ii… | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.7 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.109 Sampling plans for normal condition of container inspection, Tables I and I-A. | AMS | [78 FR 57035, Sept. 17, 2013] | Table I—Single Sampling Plans for Normal Condition of Container Inspection Ac = Acceptance number. Re = Rejection number. | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.8 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.110 Sampling plans for tightened condition of container inspection; Tables II and II-A. | AMS | [78 FR 57036, Sept. 17, 2013] | Table II—Single Sampling Plans for Tightened Condition of Container Inspection | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.2.231.9 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection | § 42.111 Sampling plans for reduced condition of container inspection, Tables III and III-A; and limit number for reduced inspection, Table III-B. | AMS | [78 FR 57038, Sept. 17, 2013] | Table III—Single Sampling Plans for Reduced Condition of Container Inspection Table III-B—Limit Numbers for Reduced Inspection * Denotes that the number of sample units from the last 10 inspection lots is not sufficient for reduced inspection for this AQL. In this instance more than 10 inspection lots may be used for the calculations if; the inspection lots used are the most recent ones in sequence within the last 6 months, they have all been on normal inspection, and none has been rejected on original inspection. | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.3.231.1 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | C | Subpart C—Skip Lot Sampling and Inspection Procedures | § 42.120 Description and qualification. | AMS | Skip lot sampling and inspection are special procedures for inspecting stationary lots in which only one-half or one-fourth of the lots offered for inspection are formally inspected. Skip lot sampling and inspection procedures may be instituted only when all of the following conditions are met: (a) When authorized by the Administrator and acceptable to the user and producer, if different from the user. (b) When inspection is origin inspection (see § 42.102). (c) When all lots can be expected to be of essentially the same quality. (d) When lots from the producer are currently on, or eligible to be on, either normal or reduced inspection. | ||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.3.231.2 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | C | Subpart C—Skip Lot Sampling and Inspection Procedures | § 42.121 Sampling and inspection procedures. | AMS | (a) Following skip lot procedure authorization, inspect every lot consecutively offered for inspection using normal inspection procedures as set forth in Subpart B of this part. When 10 consecutive lots are acceptable, inspect only one-half of the lots offered for inspection using normal inspection procedures. While on the one-half inspection rate, when 10 consecutively inspected lots are acceptable, inspect only one-fourth of the lots offered for inspection using normal inspection procedures. While on the one-half or one-fourth inspection rate, if any formally inspected lot is unacceptable, revert immediately to the inspection of every lot using normal inspection procedures and recommence the above procedure. See § 42.123 for a flow diagram of the skip lot sampling plan. (b) Two exceptions to the procedures in paragraph (a) of this section are as follows: (1) The skip lot sampling and inspection rate of one-half can be instituted immediately if the lots from the producer are currently on, or eligible to be on, reduced inspection and all other conditions in § 42.120 are met. After skip lot sampling and inspection begins, however, only normal inspection is permitted. (2) While inspecting every lot consecutively as offered for inspection, i.e., while not on the one-half or one-fourth sampling and inspection rate, if requirements for switching from normal to tightened inspection are met as specified in § 42.108 then skip lot procedures terminate, tightened inspection is initiated, and stationary lot sampling and inspection procedures in Subpart B are instituted. Skip lot procedures may be instituted again only when all conditions of § 42.120 are met. (c) All lot selections for the one-half and one-fourth inspection rates must be strictly random (for example, not every other lot or every fourth lot). Use of random number tables, coin flipping, or numbered cards is encouraged. (d) Preliminary scanning procedures (see § 42.105) shall be used on all lots scheduled for formal inspection and also shall be used on lot… | ||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.3.231.3 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | C | Subpart C—Skip Lot Sampling and Inspection Procedures | § 42.122 Applicability of other procedures. | AMS | Whenever appropriate, the procedures for classifying and recording defects in § 42.106 and for appeal inspections in § 42.108 also apply to skip lot sampling and inspection. | ||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.3.231.4 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | C | Subpart C—Skip Lot Sampling and Inspection Procedures | § 42.123 Flow diagram for skip lot sampling and inspection. | AMS | 1. Only normal inspection is permitted. 2. All lot selections for the one-half and one-fourth sampling rates must be strictly random (for example, not every other lot or every fourth lot). 3. Two exceptions to the procedures shown above are as follows: (a) The skip lot sampling and inspection rate of one-half can be instituted immediately if the lots from the producer are currently on, or eligible to be on, reduced inspection and all other conditions in § 42.120 are met. When skip lot inspection begins, however, only normal inspection is permitted. (b) While inspecting every lot consecutively as offered for inspection, i.e., while not on the one-half or one-fourth rate, if requirements for switching from normal to tightened inspection are met as specified in § 42.108 then skip lot procedures terminate, tightened inspection is initiated, and stationary lot sampling and inspection procedures in Subpart B are instituted. Skip lot procedures may be instituted again only when all conditions of § 42.120 are met. | ||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.4.231.1 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | D | § 42.130 Description and qualifications. | AMS | (a) In many instances, food containers are loaded directly into carriers immediately after final packaging. This situation makes stationary lot sampling and inspection impractical. For such circumstances, the optional procedure for on-line sampling and inspection using cumulative sum sampling plans is provided. On-line sampling and inspection is a procedure in which subgroups of sampling units are selected randomly from predesignated portions of production. The acceptability of the portions of production is determined by inspecting, at the time of the sampling, the subgroups which represent these portions. On-line sampling and inspection contrasts with stationary lot procedures in which sample units are selected randomly and inspected and lot acceptability determinations are made only after lot production is completed. (b) On-line sampling and inspection procedures may be instituted only when all of the following conditions are met: (1) When authorized by the Administrator and acceptable to the user and producer, if different from the user. (2) When inspection is origin inspection (see § 42.102). (3) When previous production lots from the producer are currently on, or eligible to be on, either normal or reduced inspection. (When shifting from stationary lot sampling and inspection to on-line sampling and inspection, normal on-line inspection shall be initially used.) (4) When inspection of the containers is performed at a point after which all condition of container related characteristics are fixed and will not be subject to change during final handling. | |||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.4.231.2 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | D | § 42.131 Selection of samples. | AMS | (a) Prior to commencement of on-line sampling and inspection, the total amount of production for a given day or shift is predicted and is then subdivided into conveniently designated portions of production approximately equal in size. Portions may be designated by sequential numbers (e.g., containers 1 through 500 are portion 1, containers 501 through 1000 are portion 2, etc.) or by time intervals (e.g., the first half hour of production is portion 1, the second half hour of production is portion 2, etc.) during which the containers are identified by individual production codes for each time interval. (b) Determine the number of sample units in a subgroup as follows: Type of Inspection and Number of Sample Units Normal—25 Tightened—50 Reduced—13 Normal—25 Tightened—50 Reduced—13 (c) Subgroups are drawn randomly from portions of production throughout the production process and are inspected for defects. The drawing of sampling units may be done in either of two ways: (1) The number of sample units (13, 25 or 50) comprising a subgroup may be drawn at the same time from a randomly chosen point in the production of each portion, or (2) sample units may be drawn individually, but in a random manner, throughout the production of each portion. At least 6 subgroups must be obtained during each basic inspection period regardless of the system used to designate portions of production. (d) A shift to on-line sampling plans from stationary lot sampling plans (or vice versa) during a basic inspection period is not permitted. | |||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.4.231.3 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | D | § 42.132 Determining cumulative sum values. | AMS | (a) The parameters for the on-line cumulative sum sampling plans for AQL's applicable to origin inspection are as follows: (b) At the beginning of the basic inspection period, the CuSum value is set equal to the starting value (“S”) for the specified CuSum plan. The CuSum value is then determined for each consecutive subgroup as follows: (1) Add the number of defects for the present subgroup to the CuSum value of the previous subgroup. (2) Subtract the subgroup tolerance (“T”). (3) The CuSum value is reset in the following situations; however, determine portion of production acceptability (see § 42.133) prior to resetting the CuSum value: (i) Reset the CuSum value to zero (0) if the CuSum value is less than zero (0). (ii) Reset the CuSum value to the acceptance limit (“L”) if the CuSum value exceeds the acceptance limit (“L”). | |||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.4.231.4 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | D | § 42.133 Portion of production acceptance criteria. | AMS | (a) The acceptability of a portion of production is determined by comparing the calculated CuSum value with the acceptance limit (“L”) for the specified AQL. (b) A portion of production is acceptable if the CuSum value, calculated from the subgroup representing that portion, is equal to or less than the acceptance limit (“L”) for all classes of defects. (c) A portion of production is rejected if the CuSum value, calculated from the subgroup representing that portion, exceeds the acceptance limit (“L”) for one or more classes of defects. | |||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.4.231.5 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | D | § 42.134 Disposition of rejected portions of production. | AMS | Rejected portions of production from the same basic inspection period may be reworked, combined together to form a lot, and resubmitted for inspection under the criteria for tightened inspection using stationary lot sampling procedures described in subpart B of this part. | |||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.4.231.6 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | D | § 42.135 Normal, tightened or reduced on-line inspection. | AMS | (a) Normal, tightened and reduced on-line sampling plans are specified in § 42.132 (Determining cumulative sum values). Normal plans shall be used except when the history of inspection permits reduced inspection or requires tightened inspection. (b) Switching rules: Normal on-line inspection procedures shall be followed except when conditions in paragraph (b) (1) or (3) of this section are applicable or unless otherwise specified. Application of the following switching rules will be restricted to the inspection of production for one applicant at a single production location and will be based upon records of original inspections of production (excluding resubmitted portions previously rejected and reworked) at that same location. (1) Normal inspection to reduced inspection. When normal inspection is in effect, reduced inspection shall be instituted provided that reduced inspection is considered desirable by the Administrator and further provided that all of the following conditions are satisfied for each class of defect: (i) The preceding 40 consecutive portions of production have been on normal inspection and no more than one of these portions has been rejected on original inspection; and (ii) The total number of defects in the subgroups (1000 sample units) from these preceding 40 consecutive portions of production is less than or equal to the following limit numbers for the specified AQL's: (2) Reduced inspection to normal inspection. When reduced inspection is in effect, normal inspection shall be reinstituted if any of the following occurs: (i) More than one portion of production in any 40 consecutive portions of production is rejected on original inspection; or (ii) Production becomes irregular (delayed or accelerated); or (iii) Other valid conditions warrant that normal inspection shall be reinstituted. (3) Normal inspection to tightened inspection. When normal inspection is in effect, tightened inspection shall be instituted when two out of five consecutive portions of production have been re… | |||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.4.231.7 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | D | § 42.136 Applicability of other procedures. | AMS | When appropriate, the procedures for classifying and recording defects in § 42.106 and for appeal inspections in § 42.108 also apply to on-line sampling and inspection. | |||||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.5.231.1 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | E | Subpart E—Miscellaneous | § 42.140 Operating Characteristic (OC) curves for on-line sampling and inspection. | AMS | [31 FR 4687, Mar. 19, 1966; 31 FR 4949, Mar. 25, 1966, as amended at 36 FR 18457, Sept. 15, 1971. Redesignated at 41 FR 42640, Sept. 28, 1976 and 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, further redesignated at 45 FR 69424, Oct. 21, 1980 and 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | (a) This section contains the Operating Characteristic (OC) curve for each of the sampling plans given in Tables I, I-A, II, II-A, III, and III-A. The OC curve and the corresponding sampling plans are listed by AQL. (b) Different acceptance and rejection criteria are provided for each AQL. The criteria for each AQL must be obtained from the applicable sampling plan tables. (c) The curves show the ability of the various sampling plans to distinguish between good and bad lots. This can be illustrated by examining OC curve 6 for an AQL of 0.25 defects per hundred units in the Reduced and Normal Inspection Plans. If the quality of the lots submitted for inspection is poorer than the AQL of 0.25 defects per hundred units, fewer lots will be accepted. For example, OC curve 6 shows that when the quality of lots submitted for inspection is 1.0 defects per hundred units, only 26 percent of the lots are expected to be accepted. Conversely when the quality of the lots submitted for inspection is better than the AQL of 0.25 defects per hundred units, most lots are expected to be accepted. For example, the same OC curve 6 shows that when the quality of lots submitted for inspection is 0.10 defects per hundred units, about 99 percent of the lots are expected to be accepted. (d) The table of sampling plans that correspond to OC curve 6 can be found over the curves for an AQL of 0.25 defects per hundred units in the Reduced and Normal Inspection Plan. An examination of this table reveals that there is one single and one double sampling plan that have OC curves comparable to OC curve 6. The first plan listed is a single plan requiring the inspection of 500 individual containers. Under this plan the lot is accepted as meeting the requirements for an AQL of 0.25 if there are 3 or less defects in the sample or rejected if there are 4 or more defects in the sample. (e) The next plan that is listed in the column headed 6 for an AQL of 0.25 is a double sampling plan that requires the initial inspection of 228 individual containers.… | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.5.231.2 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | E | Subpart E—Miscellaneous | § 42.141 Obtaining Operating Characteristic (OC) curve information for skip lot sampling and inspection. | AMS | [41 FR 42641, Sept. 28, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 and 45 FR 69424, Oct. 21, 1980 and further redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | The Operating Characteristic (OC) curve information (probability of acceptance) for skip lot sampling and inspection procedures described in § 42.121 is easily obtained from the single curve in § 42.142. The procedure for using the curve in § 42.142 is as follows: (a) Select any sampling plan for normal condition of container inspection from Table I or Table I-A of § 42.109. (b) For a given Quality of Submitted Lots, 100 p , find the Percent of Lots Expected to be Accepted, Pa from the respective OC curve in § 42.140. (c) Refer to § 42.142 with this Percent of Lots Expected to be Accepted, Pa, and read the new Percent of Lots Expected to be Accepted, Pas, which results when using these skip lot procedures. For example, let's assume the lot size is 6,001 to 12,000 containers, and we use the single sampling plan of size 168 for normal inspection (Table I of § 42.109) along with an AQL for total defects of 6.5. The OC curve for this sampling plan is curve N and R3. Also, assume that the quality of the lot is 6.5 defects per hundred units. From curve N and R3, then, the Pa is determined to be 95 percent. Then refer to the graph in § 42.142 and locate Pa of 95 percent along the horizontal axis. From this point, proceed vertically to the curve and then horizontally to the left to the vertical axis. From this point on the vertical axis, Pas is determined to be approximately 98 1 percent for skip lot sampling and inspection. 1 This slight increase of Pas over Pa results because all the lots offered for inspection are no longer being inspected. Some lots are being “skipped”, and thereby accepted, which would have been rejected if inspected. The largest increase in Pa which will occur using skip lot sampling is approximately 4 percent. It is for this reason that skip lot sampling procedures are applied only in instances where past production quality has been consistently high—as evidenced by the requirement to have 10 consecutively acceptable lots prior to a reduction in sampling rate—and where all requirements… | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.5.231.3 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | E | Subpart E—Miscellaneous | § 42.142 Curve for obtaining Operating Characteristic (OC) curve information for skip lot sampling and inspection. | AMS | [41 FR 42641, Sept. 28, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 and further redesignated at 45 FR 69424, Oct. 21, 1980 and 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | 1. This curve applies only to the specific skip lot sampling and inspection plan described in §§ 42.121 and 42.123. 2. Pa and Pas are essentially equal for values under 50 percent. | |||
| 7:7:2.1.1.1.12.5.231.4 | 7 | Agriculture | I | A | 42 | PART 42—STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS | E | Subpart E—Miscellaneous | § 42.143 Operating Characteristic (OC) curves for on-line sampling and inspection. | AMS | [45 FR 69424; Oct. 21, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981] | (a) This section contains the Operating Characteristic (OC) curve for each of the on-line cumulative sum sampling plans provided in subpart D. The OC curve and the corresponding cumulative sum sampling plans are listed by AQL. (b) Different plan parameters used to make acceptance and rejection decisions are provided for each AQL. (c) The curves show the ability of the various cumulative sum sampling plans to distinguish between good and bad portions of production. The interpretation of these curves for portions of production is similar to the interpretation of the OC curves for stationary lots as illustrated in § 42.140(c). Reduced, Normal and Tightened Inspection Plans—Cumulative Sum Sampling Plans and Operating Characteristic (OC) Curves for AQL = 0.25 Defects per Hundred Units [Sampling plans—AQL = 0.25] n g = Number of sample units in a subgroup. T = Subgroup tolerance. L = Acceptance limit. S = Starting value. Reduced, Normal, and Tightened Inspection Plans—Cumulative Sum Sampling Plans and Operating Characteristic (OC) Curves for AQL = 1.5 Defects per Hundred Units [Sampling plans—AQL = 1.5] n g = Number of sample units in a subgroup. T = Subgroup tolerance. L = Acceptance limit. S = Starting value. Reduced, Normal, and Tightened Inspection Plans—Cumulative Sampling Plans and Operating Characteristic (OC) Curves for AQL = 6.5 Defects per Hundred Units [Sampling Plans—AQL = 6.5] n g = Number of sample units in a subgroup. T = Subgroup tolerance. L = Acceptance limit. S = Starting value. |
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