cfr_sections
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122 rows where part_number = 3280 sorted by section_id
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.1 Scope. | HUD | [58 FR 55002, Oct. 25, 1993] | This standard covers all equipment and installations in the design, construction, transportation, fire safety, plumbing, heat-producing and electrical systems of manufactured homes which are designed to be used as dwelling units. This standard seeks to the maximum extent possible to establish performance requirements. In certain instances, however, the use of specific requirements is necessary. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.10 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.10 Use of alternative construction. | HUD | [58 FR 55003, Oct. 25, 1993] | Requests for alternative construction can be made pursuant to 24 CFR 3282.14 of this chapter. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.11 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.11 Certification label. | HUD | [42 FR 960, Jan. 4, 1977. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 47553, Dec. 15, 1987. Redesignated and amended at 58 FR 55003, Oct. 25, 1993; 86 FR 2517, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) A permanent label shall be affixed to each transportable section of each manufactured home for sale or lease in the United States. This label shall be separate and distinct from the data plate which the manufacturer is required to provide under § 3280.5 of the standards. (b) The label shall be approximately 2 in. by 4 in. in size and shall be permanently attached to the manufactured home by means of 4 blind rivets, drive screws, or other means that render it difficult to remove without defacing it. It shall be etched on 0.32 in. thick aluminum plate. The label number shall be etched or stamped with a 3 letter designation which identifies the production inspection primary inspection agency and which the Secretary shall assign. Each label shall be marked with a 6 digit number which the label supplier shall furnish. The labels shall be stamped with numbers sequentially. (c) The label shall read as follows: As evidenced by this label No. ABC 000001, the manufacturer certifies to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge and belief that this manufactured home has been inspected in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and is constructed in conformance with the Federal manufactured home construction and safety standards in effect on the date of manufacture. See date plate. As evidenced by this label No. ABC 000001, the manufacturer certifies to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge and belief that this manufactured home has been inspected in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and is constructed in conformance with the Federal manufactured home construction and safety standards in effect on the date of manufacture. See date plate. (d) The label must be located at the taillight end of each transportable section of the manufactured home approximately 1 foot up from the floor and 1 foot in from the road side, or as near that location on a permanent part of the exterior of the manufactured home section as practicable. T… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.2 Definitions. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 960, Jan. 4, 1977. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 47 FR 28092, June 29, 1982; 58 FR 55002, Oct. 25, 1993; 61 FR 5216, Feb. 9, 1996; 72 FR 27228, May 14, 2007; 86 FR 2516, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75737, Sept. 16, 2024] | Definitions in this subpart are those common to all subparts of the standard and are in addition to the definitions provided in individual parts. The definitions are as follows: Approved, when used in connection with any material, appliance or construction, means complying with the requirements of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Attached accessory building or structure means any awning, cabana, deck, ramada, storage cabinet, carport, windbreak, garage or porch for which the attachment of such is designed by the home manufacturer to be structurally supported by the manufactured home. Bay window —a window assembly whose maximum horizontal projection is not more than two feet from the plane of an exterior wall and is elevated above the floor level of the home. Certification label means the approved form of certification by the manufacturer that, under § 3280.11, is permanently affixed to each transportable section of each manufactured home manufactured for sale in the United States. Dwelling means any structure that contains one to a maximum of four dwelling units, designed to be permanently occupied for residential living purposes. Dwelling unit means a single unit that provides complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, where the occupancy is primarily permanent in nature, including permanent provisions for separate living, sleeping, cooking, eating, and sanitation. Equipment includes materials, appliances, devices, fixtures, fittings or accessories both in the construction of, and in the fire safety, plumbing, heat-producing and electrical systems of manufactured homes. Federal manufactured home construction and safety standard means a reasonable standard for the construction, design, and performance of a manufactured home which meets the needs of the public including the need for quality, durability, and safety. Installations means all arrangements and methods of construction, as well as fire safety, plumbing, heat-producing and electrical systems used in ma… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.3 Manufactured home procedural and enforcement regulations, and consumer manual requirements. | HUD | [86 FR 2516, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) A manufacturer must comply with the requirements of this part, part 3282 of this chapter, and 42 U.S.C. 5416. (b) Consumer manuals must be in accordance with § 3282.207 of this chapter. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.4 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.4 Incorporation by reference. | HUD | [78 FR 73976, Dec. 9, 2013, as amended at 79 FR 31863, June 3, 2014; 85 FR 5566, Jan. 31, 2020; 86 FR 2516, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75737, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a)(1) Certain material is incorporated by reference in this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (Department) must publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at the Department and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact the Department at: Office of Manufactured Housing Programs, 451 Seventh Street SW, Washington, DC 20410; email mhs@hud.gov; (202) 402-2698. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations or email fr.inspection@nara.gov. (2) The IBR material may be obtained from the sources in this paragraph (a)(2) or from one or more private resellers listed in this paragraph (a)(2). For material that is no longer commercially available, contact the Office of Manufactured Housing Programs (see paragraph (a)(1) of this section). (i) Accuris Standards Store, phone: (800) 332-6077; website: https://store.accuristech.com. (ii) American National Standards Institute (see paragraph (h) of this section). (iii) EverySpec LLC, 710 Lake Louise Ct., Gibsonia, PA 10544; website: http://everyspec.com. (Government and military standards only.) (iv) GlobalSpec, 257 Fuller Road, Suite NFE 1100, Albany, NY 12203-3621; phone: (800) 261-2052; website: https://standards.globalspec.com. (v) Nimonik Document Center, 401 Roland Way, Suite 224, Oakland, CA, 94624; phone (650)591-7600; email: info@document-center.com; website: www.document-center.com. (b) Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), 2311 Wilson Blvd., Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201; telephone: 703-524-8800; fax: 703-528-3816; website: www.ahrinet.org. (1) ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240-2008 with Addenda 1 and 2, 2… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.5 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.5 Data plate. | HUD | [59 FR 2469, Jan. 14, 1994, as amended at 80 FR 53727, Sept. 8, 2015; 85 FR 5566, Jan. 31, 2020; 86 FR 2516, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75743, Sept. 16, 2024] | Each dwelling unit of a manufactured home must bear a data plate affixed in a permanent manner near the main electrical panel or other readily accessible and visible location. Each data plate shall be made of material what will receive typed information as well as preprinted information, and which can be cleaned of ordinary smudges or household dirt without removing information contained on the data plate; or the data plate shall be covered in a permanent manner with materials that will make it possible to clean the data plate of ordinary dirt and smudges without obscuring the information. Each data plate shall contain not less than the following information: (a) The name and address of the manufacturing plant in which the manufactured home was manufactured. (b) The serial number and model designation of the unit, and the date the unit was manufactured. (c) The applicable statement: This manufactured home is designed to comply with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards in force at the time of manufacture.or This manufactured home has been substantially completed in accordance with an approved design and has been inspected (except for the components specifically identified in the instructions for completion on-site) in accordance with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards and the requirements of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in effect on the date of manufacture. This manufactured home is designed to comply with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards in force at the time of manufacture.or This manufactured home has been substantially completed in accordance with an approved design and has been inspected (except for the components specifically identified in the instructions for completion on-site) in accordance with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards and the requirements of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in effect on the date of manufacture. (d) The applic… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.6 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.6 Serial number. | HUD | (a) A manufactured home serial number which will identify the manufacturer and the state in which the manufactured home is manufactured, must be stamped into the foremost cross member. Letters and numbers must be 3/8 inch minimum in height. Numbers must not be stamped into hitch assembly or drawbar. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.7 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.7 Excluded structures. | HUD | [52 FR 4581, Feb. 12, 1987] | Certain structures may be excluded from these Standards as modular homes under 24 CFR 3282.12. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.8 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.8 Waivers. | HUD | [58 FR 55003, Oct. 25, 1993] | (a) Where any material piece of equipment, or system which does not meet precise requirements or specifications set out in the standard is shown, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, to meet an equivalent level of performance, the Secretary may waive the specifications set out in the Standard for that material, piece of equipment, or system. (b) Where the Secretary is considering issuing a waiver to a Standard, the proposed waiver shall be published in the Federal Register for public comment, unless the Secretary, for good cause, finds that notice is impractical, unnecessary or contrary to the public interest, and incorporates into the waiver that finding and a brief statement of the reasons therefor. (c) Each proposed and final waiver shall include: (1) A statement of the nature of the waiver; and (2) Identification of the particular standard affected. (d) All waivers shall be published in the Federal Register and shall state their effective date. Where a waiver has been issued, the requirements of the Federal Standard to which the waiver relates may be met either by meeting the specifications set out in the Standard or by meeting the requirements of the waiver published in the Federal Register. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.1.1.9 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 3280.9 Interpretative bulletins. | HUD | [58 FR 55003, Oct. 25, 1993] | Interpretative bulletins may be issued for the following purposes: (a) To clarify the meaning of the Standard; and (b) To assist in the enforcement of the Standard. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.10.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—Transportation | § 3280.901 Scope. | HUD | Subpart J of this standard covers the general requirement for designing the structure of the manufactured home to fully withstand the adverse effects of transportation shock and vibration without degradation of the integrated structure or of its component parts and the specific requirements pertaining to the transportation system and its relationship to the structure. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.10.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—Transportation | § 3280.902 Definitions. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 47 FR 28093, June 29, 1982; 86 FR 2523, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) Chassis means the entire transportation system comprising the following subsystems: drawbar and coupling mechanism, frame, running gear assembly, and lights. (b) Drawbar and coupling mechanism means the rigid assembly, (usually a rigid substructure) upon which is mounted a coupling mechanism, which connects the manufactured home's frame to the towing vehicle. (c) Frame means the fabricated rigid substructure which provides considerable support to the affixed manufactured home structure both during transport and on-site; and also provides a platform for securement of the running gear assembly, the drawbar and coupling mechanism. (d) Running gear assembly means the subsystem consisting of suspension springs, axles, bearings, wheels, hubs, tires, and brakes, with their related hardware. (e) Lights means those safety lights and associated wiring required by applicable U.S. Department of Transportation regulations. (f) Transportation system, (Same as chassis, above). (g) Highway, includes all roads and streets to be legally used in transporting the manufactured home. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.10.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—Transportation | § 3280.903 General requirements for designing the structure to withstand transportation shock and vibration. | HUD | [86 FR 2523, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) General. The manufactured home and its transportation system (as defined in § 3280.902(f)) must withstand the effects of highway movement such that the home is capable of being transported safely and installed as a habitable structure. Structural, plumbing, mechanical, and electrical systems must be designed to function after set-up. The home must remain weather protected during the transportation sequence to prevent internal damage. (b) Testing or analysis requirements. Suitability of the transportation system and home structure to withstand the effects of transportation must be permitted to be determined by testing, or engineering analysis, or a combination of the two as required by paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section. (1) Road tests. Tests must be witnessed by an independent registered professional engineer or architect, manufacturer's IPIA or DAPIA, or by a recognized testing organization. Such testing procedures must be part of the manufacturer's approved design. (2) Engineering analysis. Engineering analysis methods based on the principles of mechanics and/or structural engineering may be used to substantiate the adequacy of the transportation system to withstand in-transit loading conditions. As transportation loadings are typically critical in the longitudinal direction, analysis should, in particular, provide emphasis on design of longitudinal structural components of the manufactured home ( e.g., main chassis girder beams, sidewalls, and rim joists, etc.). Notwithstanding, all structural elements necessary to the structural integrity of the manufactured home during in-transit loading are also to be evaluated ( e.g., transverse chassis members and floor framing members, etc.). (i)(A) The summation of the design loads in paragraphs (b)(2)(i)(A)( 1 ) through ( 3 ) of this section may be used to determine the adequacy of the chassis in conjunction with the manufactured home structure to resist in-transit loading: ( 1 ) Dead load, the vertical load due to the weight of all structural… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.10.1.4 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—Transportation | § 3280.904 Specific requirements for designing the transportation system. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 86 FR 2524, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) General. The transportation system must be designed and constructed as an integrated unit which is safe and suitable for its specified use. In operation, the transportation system must effectively respond to the control of the towing vehicle tracking and braking, while traveling at applicable highway speeds and in normal highway traffic conditions. (b) Specific requirements —(1) Drawbar. The drawbar must be constructed of sufficient strength, rigidity, and durability to safely withstand those dynamic forces experienced during highway transportation. It must be securely fastened to the manufactured home substructure. (2) Coupling mechanism. The coupling mechanism (which is usually of the socket type) must be securely fastened to the drawbar in such a manner as to assure safe and effective transfer of the maximum loads, including dynamic loads, between the manufactured home structure and the hitch-assembly of the towing vehicle. The coupling must be equipped with a manually operated mechanism so adapted as to prevent disengagement of the unit while in operation. The coupling must be so designed that it can be disconnected regardless of the angle of the manufactured home to the towing vehicle. (3) Chassis. The chassis, in conjunction with the manufactured home structure, must be constructed to effectively sustain the design loads. The integrated structure must be capable of ensuring the integrity of the complete manufactured home and ensuring against excessive deformation of structural or finish members. (4) Running gear assembly —(i) Design criteria. The design load used to size running gear components must be the gross static dead weight minus the static tongue weight supported by the drawbar. Running gear must be designed to accept shock and vibration, both from the highway and the towing vehicle and effectively dampen these forces so as to protect the manufactured home structure from damage and fatigue. Its components must be designed to facilitate routine maintenance, inspection, and replace… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.11.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | K | Subpart K—Attached Manufactured Homes and Special Construction Considerations | § 3280.1001 Scope. | HUD | This subpart covers the requirements for attached manufactured homes and other related construction associated with manufactured homes not addressed elsewhere within this part. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.11.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | K | Subpart K—Attached Manufactured Homes and Special Construction Considerations | § 3280.1002 Definitions. | HUD | The following definitions are applicable to this subpart only: Attached manufactured home. Two or more adjacent manufactured homes that are structurally independent from foundation to roof and with open space on at least two sides, but which have the appearance of a physical connection ( i.e., zero lot line). Fire separation wall. An adjoining wall of a manufactured home that separates attached manufactured homes with a fire separation distance of less than three feet. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.11.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | K | Subpart K—Attached Manufactured Homes and Special Construction Considerations | § 3280.1003 Attached manufactured home unit separation. | HUD | [86 FR 2525, Jan. 12, 2021, as amended at 89 FR 75757, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Separation requirements. (1) Attached manufactured homes shall be separated from each other by a fire separation wall of not less than1-hour fire-resistive rating with exposure from both sides on each attached manufactured home unit when rated based on tests in accordance with ASTM E119 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (2) Fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling and wall assemblies shall extend to and be tight against the exterior wall, and wall assemblies shall extend from the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing. (b) Fire separation penetrations. (1) Fire rated fire separation walls must not contain through penetrations or openings. (2) Membrane penetrations for electrical boxes are permitted on the living side of the wall under the following conditions: (i) Steel electrical boxes not exceeding 16 square inches may be installed provided that the total area of such boxes does not exceed 100 square inches in any 100 square feet wall area. Steel electrical boxes in adjacent fire separation walls must be separated by a horizontal distance of not less than 24 inches. (ii) Listed 2-hour fire-resistant nonmetallic electrical boxes are installed in accordance with the listings. (iii) No other membrane penetrations are allowed. (c) Continuity of walls. The fire separation walls for single-family attached dwelling units must be continuous from the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing, deck, or slab and must extend the full length of the fire separation walls. (d) Parapets. (1) Parapets constructed in accordance with paragraph (d)(2) of this section must be provided for attached manufactured homes as an extension of fire separation walls in accordance with the following: (i) Where roof surfaces adjacent to the fire separation walls are at the same elevation, the parapet must extend not less than 30 inches above the roof surfaces. (ii) Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are at different elevations and the higher roof is not more than 30 inches above the l… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.11.1.4 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | K | Subpart K—Attached Manufactured Homes and Special Construction Considerations | § 3280.1004 Exterior walls. | HUD | (a) The requirements of § 3280.504 for condensation control and vapor retarder installation are required to be provided on each fire separation wall of each attached manufactured home. (b) The requirements of § 3280.506 for heat loss/gain insulation apply to the fire separation wall on each attached manufactured home. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.11.1.5 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | K | Subpart K—Attached Manufactured Homes and Special Construction Considerations | § 3280.1005 Electrical service. | HUD | (a) Each attached manufactured home must be supplied by only one service. (b) Service conductors supplying one manufactured home must not pass through the interior of another manufactured home. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.11.1.6 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | K | Subpart K—Attached Manufactured Homes and Special Construction Considerations | § 3280.1006 Water service. | HUD | (a) Each manufactured home must have an individual water supply that will service only that unit. (b) Each manufactured home must have a hot water supply system that will service only that unit. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.101 Scope. | HUD | Subpart B states the planning requirements in manufactured homes. The intent of this subpart is to assure the adequacy of architectural planning considerations which assist in determining a safe and healthful environment. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.10 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.110 Minimum room dimensions. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, and further redesignated at 58 FR 55004, Oct. 25, 1993] | The gross floor area required by § 3280.110 (a) and (b) shall have no clear horizontal dimension less than 5 feet except as permitted by § 3280.102(a). | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.11 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.111 Toilet compartments. | HUD | [86 FR 2517, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) Each toilet compartment must be a minimum of 30 inches wide, except, when the toilet is located adjacent to the short dimension of the tub, the distance from the tub, to the center line of the toilet must not be less than 12 inches. At least 21 inches of clear space must be provided in front of each toilet. (b) All bathroom passage doors in single-section homes must have a minimum clear opening width of 23 inches, and bathroom passage doors in multi-section homes must have a minimum clear opening width of 27 inches. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.12 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.112 Hallways. | HUD | [89 FR 75744, Sept. 16, 2024] | Hallways must have a minimum horizontal dimension of 28 inches measured from the interior finished surface to the interior finished surface of the opposite wall. For manufactured homes with 14 feet of inside width or more, hallways must have a minimum horizontal dimension of 30 inches measured from the interior finished surface to the interior finished surface of the opposite wall. When appliances are installed in a laundry area, the measurement must be from the front of the appliance to the opposite finished interior surface. When appliances are not installed and a laundry area is provided, the area must have a minimum clear depth of 27 inches in addition to the 28 inches, or 30 inches for manufactured homes with 14 feet of inside width or greater, required for passage. In addition, a notice of the available clearance for washer/dryer units must be posted in the laundry area. Minor protrusions into the minimum hallway width by doorknobs, trim, smoke alarms or light fixtures are permitted. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.13 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.113 Glass and glazed openings. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 4581, Feb. 12, 1987. Redesignated at 58 FR 55004, Oct. 25, 1993; 78 FR 73981, Dec. 9, 2013; 86 FR 2517, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75745, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Windows and sliding glass doors. All windows and sliding glass doors shall meet the requirements of § 3280.403 the “Standard for Windows and Sliding Glass Doors Used in Manufactured Homes”. (b) Required glazed openings shall be permitted to face into a roofed porch where the porch abuts a street, yard, or court and the longer side of the porch is at least 65 percent open and unobstructed and the ceiling height is not less than 7 feet. (c) Hazardous locations requiring safety glazing. Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, the following locations and areas require the use of safety glazing conforming to the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section: (1) Glazing in all entrance or exit doors; (2) Glazing in fixed and sliding panels of sliding glass doors; (3) Glazing in storm-type doors; (4) Glazing in unframed side-hinged swinging doors; (5) Glazing in doors and fixed panels less than 60 inches above the room floor level that enclose bathtubs, showers, hydromassage tubs, hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas; (6) Glazing within 12 inches horizontally, as measured from the edge of the door in the closed position, and 60 inches vertically as measured from the room floor level, adjacent to and in the same plane of a door; (7) Glazing within 36 inches of an interior room walking surface when the glazing meets all of the following: (i) Individual glazed panels exceed 9 square feet in area in an exposed surface area; (ii) The bottom edge of the exposed glazing is less than 19 inches above the room floor level; and (iii) The top edge of the exposed glazing is greater than 36 inches above the room floor level. (8) Glazing in rails and guardrails; and (9) Glazing in unbacked mirrored wardrobe doors (i.e., mirrors that are not secured to a backing that is capable of being the door itself). (d) Safety glazing is any glazing material capable of meeting the requirements of Consumer Product Safety Commission 16 CFR part 1201, or ANSI Z97.1 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (e) Glazing in… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.14 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.114 Stairways. | HUD | [86 FR 2517, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) Stairways —(1) General. These minimum standards apply to stairways that are designed and constructed as part of the factory-completed transportable section(s) of a manufactured home, such as interior stairways for multi-level or multi-story homes or external stairways for multi-level construction features that are designed and constructed in the factory on a transportable section and integral to the access and egress needs within the transportable section(s) of a home. These standards do not apply to exterior stairways that are built at the home site or stairways to basement areas that are not designed and built as part of a transportable section of a manufactured home. (2) Width. Stairways must not be less than 36 inches in clear width at all points above permitted handrail height and below the required headroom height. Handrails must not project more than 4 1/2 inches on either side of the stairway and the minimum clear width of the stairway at and below the handrail height, including treads and landings, must not be less than 31 1/2 inches where a handrail is installed on one side and 27 inches where handrails are provided on both sides. (3) Stair treads and risers —(i) Riser height and tread depth. The maximum riser height must not exceed 8 1/4 inches and the minimum tread depth must not be less than 9 inches. The riser height must be measured vertically between leading edges of the adjacent treads. The tread depth must be measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the foremost projection of adjacent treads and at a right angle to the tread's leading edge. The walking surface of treads and landings of a stairway must be sloped no steeper than one unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (a 2-percent slope). The greatest riser height within any flight of stairs must not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch. The greatest tread depth within any flight of stairs must not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch. (ii) Profile. The radius of curvature at the leading edge of … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.15 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.115 Sound transmission between multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes. | HUD | [89 FR 75745, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Scope. This section applies to common interior walls, partitions, and floor/ceiling assemblies between adjacent dwelling units. (b) Air-borne sound. Walls, partitions, and floor/ceiling assemblies between stories separating dwelling units from each other must have a sound transmission class (STC) of not less than 34 for air-borne noise when tested in accordance with ASTM E90 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) or calculated. Penetrations or openings in construction assemblies for piping; electrical devices; recessed cabinets; bathtubs; soffits; or heating, ventilating, or exhaust ducts must be sealed, lined, insulated or otherwise treated to maintain the required ratings. This requirement does not apply to dwelling unit entrance doors; however, such doors must be tight fitting to the frame and sill. (c) Structure-borne sound. Floor/ceiling assemblies between stories separating dwelling units must have an impact insulation class (IIC) rating of not less than 34 when tested in accordance with ASTM E492 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.102 Definitions. | HUD | [89 FR 75744, Sept. 16, 2024] | Air, exhaust means air discharged from any space to the outside by an exhaust system. Air, outdoor means air from outside the building taken into a ventilation system or air from outside the building that enters a space through infiltration or natural ventilation openings. Exhaust system means one or more exhaust fans that remove air from the building, causing outdoor air to enter by ventilation inlets or normal leakage paths through the building envelope. Gross floor area means all space, wall to wall, including recessed entries not to exceed five (5) square feet and areas under built-in vanities and similar furniture. When the ceiling height is less than that specified in § 3280.104, the floor area under such ceilings must not be included in the gross floor area. Floor area of closets must also not be included in the gross floor area. Habitable room means a room or enclosed floor space arranged for living, eating, food preparation, or sleeping purposes not including bathrooms, foyers, hallways, and other accessory floor space. Laundry area means an area containing or designed to contain a laundry tray, clothes washer and/or clothes dryer. Mechanical ventilation means the active process of supplying air to or removing air from an indoor space by powered equipment such as motor-driven fans and blowers but not by devices such as wind-turbine ventilators and mechanically operated windows. Natural ventilation means ventilation occurring as a result of natural forces, such as wind pressure or differences in air density, through intentional openings such as open windows or doors. Supply system means one or more fans that supply outdoor air to the building, causing indoor air to leave by normal air leakage through the building envelope. Ventilation means the process of supplying outdoor air to or removing indoor air from the manufactured home by natural or mechanical means. Such air may or may not have been conditioned. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.103 Light and ventilation. | HUD | [58 FR 55003, Oct. 25, 1993, as amended at 70 FR 72042, Nov. 30, 2005; 86 FR 2517, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75744, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Lighting. Each habitable room shall be provided with exterior windows and/or doors having a total glazed area of not less than 8 percent of the gross floor area. (1) Kitchens, bathrooms, toilet compartments, laundry areas, and utility rooms may be provided with artificial light in place of windows. (2) Rooms and areas may be combined for the purpose of providing the required natural lighting provided that at least one half of the common wall area is open and unobstructed, and the open area is at least equal to 10 percent of the combined floor area or 25 square feet whichever is greater. (b) Whole-house ventilation. Each dwelling unit of a manufactured home must be provided with a whole-house mechanical ventilation having the capability to provide a minimum capacity of 0.035 ft 3 /min/ft 2 of interior floor space or its hourly average equivalent. This ventilation capacity must be in addition to any openable window area. In no case shall the installed ventilation capacity of the system be less than 50 cfm. The following criteria must be adhered to: (1) The ventilation capacity must be provided by a mechanical ventilation system or a combination natural and mechanical ventilation system. (2) The ventilation system or provisions for ventilation must exchange air directly with the exterior of the home, except the ventilation system, or provisions for ventilation must not draw or expel air with the space underneath the home. The ventilation system or provisions for ventilation must not draw or expel air into the floor, wall, or ceiling/roof systems, even if those systems are vented. The ventilation system must be designed to ensure that outside air is distributed to all bedrooms and main living areas. The combined use of undercut doors or transom grills connecting those areas to the room where the mechanical system is located is deemed to meet this requirement. (3) The ventilation supply system or a portion of the ventilation supply system is permitted to be integral with the home's heating or cooling … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.4 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.104 Ceiling heights. | HUD | (a) Every habitable room and bathroom shall have a minimum ceiling height of not less than 7 feet, 0 inches for a minimum of 50 percent of the room's floor area. The remaining area may have a ceiling with a minimum height of 5 feet, 0 inches. Minimum height under dropped ducts, beams, etc. shall be 6 feet, 4 inches. (b) Hallways and foyers shall have a minimum ceiling height of 6 feet, 6 inches. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.5 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.105 Exit facilities; exterior doors. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 50 FR 9269, Mar. 7, 1985; 78 FR 73981, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75744, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Number and location of exterior doors. Each dwelling unit of a manufactured home must have a minimum of two exterior doors located remotely from each other. (1) Required egress doors shall not be located in rooms where a lockable interior door must be used in order to exit. (2) In order for exit doors to be considered remote from each other, they must comply with all of the following: (i) Both of the required doors must not be in the same room. Rooms are defined by their use or purpose. (ii) Single wide units. Doors may not be less than 12 ft. c-c from each other as measured in any straight line direction regardless of the length of path of travel between doors. (iii) Double wide units. Doors may not be less than 20 ft. c-c from each other as measured in any straight line direction regardless of the length of path of travel between doors. (iv) One of the required exit doors must be accessible from the doorway of each bedroom without traveling more than 35 feet. The travel distance to the exit door must be measured on the floor or other walking surface along the center-line of the natural and unobstructed path of travel starting at the center of the bedroom door, curving around any corners or permanent obstructions with a one-foot clearance from, and ending at, the center of the exit door. (b) Door design and construction. (1) Exterior swinging doors shall be constructed in accordance with § 3280.405 the “Standard for Swinging Exterior Passage Doors for Use in Manufactured Homes”. Exterior sliding glass doors shall be constructed in accordance with § 3280.403 the “Standard for Windows and Sliding Glass Doors Used in Manufactured Homes”. (2) All exterior swinging doors must provide a minimum 28 inch wide by 74 inch high clear opening. Door seals and/or door stops are permitted to reduce the opening, either vertically or horizontally, by a maximum of one inch, except for the one egress door where door seals and/or door stops are not permitted to reduce the opening. All exterior sliding glass do… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.6 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.106 Exit facilities; egress windows and devices. | HUD | [49 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 49 FR 36086, Sept. 14, 1984; 52 FR 4581, Feb. 12, 1987] | (a) Every room designed expressly for sleeping purposes, unless it has an exit door ( see § 3280.105), shall have at least one outside window or approved exit device which meets the requirements of § 3280.404, the “Standard for Egress Windows and Devices for Use in Manufactured Homes.” (b) The bottom of the window opening shall not be more than 36 inches above the floor. (c) Locks, latches, operating handles, tabs, and any other window screen or storm window devices which need to be operated in order to permit exiting, shall not be located in excess of 54 inches from the finished floor. (d) Integral rolled-in screens shall not be permitted in an egress window unless the window is of the hinged-type. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.7 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.107 Interior privacy. | HUD | Bathroom and toilet compartment doors shall be equipped with a privacy lock. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.8 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.108 Interior passage. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 86 FR 2517, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) Interior doors having passage hardware without a privacy lock, or with a privacy lock not engaged, shall open from either side by a single movement of the hardware mechanism in any direction. (b) Each manufactured home interior door, when provided with a privacy lock, shall have a privacy lock that has an emergency release on the outside to permit entry when the lock has been locked by a locking knob, lever, button, or other locking device on the inside. (c) All interior swinging doors must have a minimum clear opening of 27 inches except doors to toilet compartments in single-section homes (see § 3280.111(b)), and doors to closets and pantries. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.2.1.9 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Planning Considerations | § 3280.109 Room requirements. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, and further redesignated at 58 FR 55004, Oct. 25, 1993, as amended at 89 FR 75744, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Each dwelling unit of a manufactured home must have at least one living area with a minimum of 150 square feet of gross floor area. (b) Rooms designed for sleeping purposes shall have a minimum gross square foot floor area as follows: (1) All bedrooms shall have at least 50 sq. ft. of floor area. (2) Bedrooms designed for two or more people shall have 70 sq. ft. of floor area plus 50 sq. ft. for each person in excess of two. (c) Every room designed for sleeping purposes shall have accessible clothes hanging space with a minimum inside depth of 22 inches and shall be equipped with a rod and shelf. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.201 Scope. | HUD | The purpose of this subpart is to set forth requirements that will assure reasonable fire safety to the occupants by reducing fire hazards and by providing measures for early detection. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.10 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.210 Fire testing. | HUD | [49 FR 32011, Aug. 9, 1984. Redesignated at 78 FR 73982, Dec. 9, 2013] | All fire testing conducted in accordance with this subpart shall be performed by nationally recognized testing laboratories which have expertise in fire technology. In case of dispute, the Secretary shall determine if a particular agency is qualified to perform such fire tests. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.11 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.211 Carbon monoxide alarm requirements. | HUD | [86 FR 2519, Jan. 12, 2021, as amended at 89 FR 75745, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Labeling. Carbon monoxide alarms shall be listed and must bear a label to evidence conformance with UL 2034 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). Combination carbon monoxide and smoke alarms shall be listed and must bear a label to evidence conformance with UL 2034 and UL 217 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (b) Required carbon monoxide alarm locations. Carbon monoxide alarms must be installed in each home containing either a fuel burning appliance or designed by the home manufacturer to include an attached garage. Carbon monoxide alarms must be installed outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms and in accordance with the alarm manufacturer's installation instructions. Where a fuel-burning appliance is located within a bedroom or its attached bathroom, a carbon monoxide alarm must be installed within the bedroom and in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Carbon monoxide alarms must be installed in conformance with NFPA 720 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (c) Interconnectivity. Where more than one carbon monoxide alarm is required to be installed, the alarm devices shall be interconnected in such a manner that the actuation of one alarm will activate all the alarms installed. (d) Connection to power source. Each carbon monoxide alarm must be powered from the electrical system of the home as the primary power source and a battery as a secondary power source. (e) Combination alarms. Combination carbon monoxide and smoke alarms shall be permitted to be used in lieu of carbon monoxide alarms. When combination carbon monoxide and smoke alarms are used, they shall be installed to also comply with § 3280.209. (f) Basement applications. For each home designed to be placed over a basement, the manufacturer must provide a carbon monoxide alarm for the basement and must install the electrical junction box for the installation of this carbon monoxide alarm for its interconnection with other alarms required by this … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.12 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.212 Factory constructed or site-built attached garages. | HUD | [86 FR 2519, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) When a manufactured home is designed for factory construction with an attached garage or is designed for construction of an attached site-built garage that is not self-supported, the manufacturer must design the manufactured home to accommodate all appropriate live and dead loads from the attached garage structure that will be transferred through the manufactured home structure to the home's support and anchoring systems. (b) The design must specify the following home and garage characteristics including maximum width, maximum sidewall height, maximum roof slope, live and dead loads, and other design limitations or restrictions using loads provided by this Code. (c) When a manufactured home is factory constructed with an attached garage or is constructed for the attachment of a site-built garage, provisions must be made to provide fire separation between the garage and the manufactured home. (1) The garage must be separated from the manufactured home and its attic by not less than 1/2 -inch gypsum board or equivalent applied to the garage side of the manufactured home, separation shall be from the underside of the floor to the underside of the roof deck and may be provided on-site as part of an On Site Completion of Construction approval. Garages beneath habitable rooms must be separated from all habitable rooms by 5/8 -inch, Type X gypsum board or equivalent. Where the separation is a floor ceiling assembly, the structure supporting the separation must also be protected by not less than 1/2 -inch gypsum board or equivalent. The design approval and the manufacturer's installation instructions must also include provision for equivalent vertical or horizontal separation between the garage and the manufactured home as appropriate. (2) [Reserved] (d) Openings from a garage directly into a room designated for sleeping purposes are not permitted. (e) Other openings between the garage and the manufactured home must: (1) Be equipped with solid wood doors not less than 1 3/8 inch in thickness, or solid … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.13 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.213 Factory constructed or site-built attached carports. | HUD | [86 FR 2519, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) When a manufactured home is designed for factory construction with an attached carport or is designed for construction of an attached site-built carport, the manufacturer must design the manufactured home to accommodate all appropriate live and dead loads from the attached carport structure that will be transferred through the manufactured home structure to the home's support and anchoring systems. (b) The design, including the home's installation instructions, must specify the following home and carport characteristics including maximum width, maximum sidewall height, live and dead loads, and other design limitations or restrictions. (1) Alternatively, the manufacturer may provide, by design and home installation instructions, the maximum live and dead loads, and the applied loading locations, that the home is designed to resist from the carport, and other design limitations or restrictions. (2) [Reserved]. (c) Homes may be designed with a factory-installed host beam ( i.e., ledger board) or specific roof truss rail for the attachment of the carport to the exterior wall of the home. The host beam ( i.e., ledger board) must be designed to transmit the appropriate live and dead loads at the interface between the carport and the manufactured home. In cases where the carport is designed to be supported by the roof truss overhang, the roof trusses must be designed to support the additional live and dead loads from the carport. (1) Any portion of the host beam ( i.e., ledger board) and all fasteners exposed to the weather shall be protected in accordance with § 3280.307. (2) [Reserved]. (d) To ensure that the attachment of the carport does not interfere with roof or attic ventilation, the manufacturer must provide specific instructions to ensure continued compliance with the manufactured home roof or attic ventilation requirements in accordance with § 3280.504(d). (e) Installation instructions shall be provided by the home manufacturer that identify acceptable attachment locations, indicate design limit… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.14 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.214 Fire sprinkler system requirements. | HUD | [89 FR 75745, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) General. (1) Fire sprinkler systems are not required by this subpart; however, when a manufacturer installs a fire sprinkler system as an optional feature selected by the consumer or to meet State or local laws and regulations, this section establishes the requirements for the installation of a fire sprinkler system in a manufactured home. (2) This section applies to both stand-alone and multipurpose fire sprinkler systems that do not include the use of antifreeze. (3) A back-flow preventer is not required to separate a stand-alone sprinkler system from the water distribution system. (b) Design. The design of the fire sprinkler system itself shall be in accordance with NFPA 13D (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) or a design which is deemed to be equivalent to the design method used in NFPA 13D. (c) Sprinkler location. Sprinklers must be installed to protect all areas inside the manufactured home except: (1) Attics and normally unoccupied concealed spaces; (2) Closets not exceeding 24 square feet in area, with the smallest dimension not greater than three feet and having at least one base layer of minimum 5/16 inch thick gypsum board on wall and ceiling surfaces; (3) Bathrooms not more than 55 square feet in area; (4) Garages, carports, open attached porches and similar structures; and (5) Closets or alcoves containing heat-producing appliance, regardless of size if the closet or alcove complies with § 3280.203(b)(3). (d) Sprinklers. Sprinklers shall be new, listed residential sprinklers and shall be installed in accordance with the sprinkler manufacturer's installation instructions. (e) Temperature rating and separation from heat sources. Sprinklers are to have a temperature rating and be separated from heat sources as follows: (1) Sprinklers separated from heat sources as required by the sprinkler manufacturer's installation instructions are to a have a temperature rating of no less than 135 °F (57 °C) and not more than 170 °F (77 °C). (2) Sprinklers located within the distance … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.15 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.215 Multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes. | HUD | [89 FR 75745, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) General. In manufactured homes with more than one dwelling unit, each dwelling unit must be separated from each other by wall and floor assemblies having not less than a 1 hour fire resistance rating when tested in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 (both incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) or having a fire resistance rating of not less than a 1 hour when calculated in accordance with chapter 16 of the AWC National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction, with Supplement (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (b) Fire resistance walls. Fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling and wall assemblies must extend to and be tight against the exterior wall, and wall assemblies must extend from the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing except as follows: (1) Wall assemblies need not extend through attic spaces where the ceiling is protected by not less than 5/8 inch Type X gypsum board and attic draftstop constructed as specified in § 3280.216 is provided above and along the wall assembly separating the dwelling units; and (2) The structural framing supporting the ceiling is protected by not less than 1/2 inch gypsum board or equivalent. (3) A fire resistance rating of 1/2 hour shall be permitted in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with § 3280.214. (c) Supporting construction. Where floor assemblies are required to be fire resistant rated by this section, the supporting construction of such assemblies must have an equal or greater fire resistance rating. (d) Dwelling unit rated penetrations. Penetrations of wall or floor-ceiling assemblies in multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes are required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with this section. (1) Through penetrations. (i) Through penetrations must be installed as tested in the approved fire-resistance rated assembly; or (ii) Through penetrations must be protected by an approved penetration fire stop system installed as tested in accordance with ASTM … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.16 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.216 Draftstopping requirements for multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes. | HUD | [89 FR 75745, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) When there is usable space both above and below the concealed space of a floor/ceiling assembly in multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes, draftstops must be installed so that the area of the concealed space does not exceed 1,000 square feet. Draftstopping must divide the concealed space into approximately equal areas. Where the assembly is enclosed by a floor membrane above and a ceiling membrane below, draftstopping shall be provided in floor-ceiling assemblies under the following circumstances: (1) Ceiling is suspended under the floor framing; or (2) Floor framing is constructed of truss type open-web or perforated members. (b) Draftstopping materials must not be less than 1/2 inch gypsum board, 3/8 inch wood structural panels, or other approved materials adequately supported. (c) Draftstopping must be installed parallel to the floor framing members. (d) The integrity of all draftstops must be maintained. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.202 Definitions. | HUD | [58 FR 55004, Oct. 25, 1993, as amended at 67 FR 12817, Mar. 19, 2002; 70 FR 72042, Nov. 30, 2005] | The following definitions are applicable to subparts C, H, and I of the Standards: Combustible material: Any material not meeting the definition of limited-combustible or non-combustible material. Flame-spread rating: The measurement of the propagation of flame on the surface of materials or their assemblies as determined by recognized standard tests conducted as required by this subpart. Interior finish: The surface material of walls, fixed or movable partitions, ceilings, columns, and other exposed interior surfaces affixed to the home's structure including any materials such as paint or wallpaper and the substrate to which they are applied. Interior finish does not include: (1) Trim and sealant 2 inches or less in width adjacent to the cooking range and in furnace and water heater spaces provided it is installed in accordance with the requirements of § 3280.203(b)(3) or (4), and trim 6 inches or less in width in all other areas; (2) Windows and frames; (3) Single doors and frames and a series of doors and frames not exceeding 5 feet in width; (4) Skylights and frames; (5) Casings around doors, windows, and skylights not exceeding 4 inches in width; (6) Furnishings which are not permanently affixed to the home's structure; (7) Baseboards not exceeding 6 inches in height; (8) Light fixtures, cover plates of electrical receptacle outlets, switches, and other devices; (9) Decorative items attached to walls and partitions (i.e., pictures, decorative objects, etc.) constituting no more than 10% of the aggregate wall surface area in any room or space not more than 32 square feet in surface area, whichever is less; (10) Plastic light diffusers when suspended from a material which meets the interior finish provisions of § 3280.203(b); (11) Coverings and surfaces of exposed wood beams; and (12) Decorative items including the following: (i) Non-structural beams not exceeding 6 inches in depth and 6 inches in width and spaced not closer than 4 feet on center; (ii) Non-structural lattice work; (iii) Ma… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.203 Flame spread limitations and fire protection requirements. | HUD | [49 FR 32008, Aug. 9, 1984, as amended at 58 FR 55005, Oct. 25, 1993; 70 FR 72042, Nov. 30, 2005; 89 FR 75745, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Establishment of flame spread rating. The surface flame spread rating of interior-finish material must not exceed the value shown in § 3280.203(b) when tested by Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, ASTM E84-01, 2001, or Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials NFPA 255, 1996, except that the surface flame spread rating of interior-finish materials required by § 3280.203(b)(5) and (6) may be determined by using the Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, ASTM E 162-94. However, the following materials need not be tested to establish their flame spread rating unless a lower rating is required by the standards in this part: (1) Flame-spread rating—76 to 200. (i) .035-inch or thicker high pressure laminated plastic panel countertop; (ii) 1/4 -inch or thicker unfinished plywood with phenolic or urea glue; (iii) Unfinished dimension lumber (1-inch or thicker nominal boards); (iv) 3/8 -inch or thicker unfinished particleboard with phenolic or urea binder; (v) Natural gum-varnished or latex- or alkyd-painted: (A) 1/4 -inch or thicker plywood, or (B) 3/8 -inch or thicker particleboard, or (C) 1-inch or thicker nominal board; (vi) 5/16 -inch gypsum board with decorative wallpaper; and (vii) 1/4 -inch or thicker unfinished hardboard, (2) Flame-spread rating-25 to 200, (i) Painted metal; (ii) Mineral-base acoustic tile; (iii) 5/16 -inch or thicker unfinished gypsum wallboard (both latex- or alkyd-painted); and (iv) Ceramic tile. (The above-listed material applications do not waive the requirements of § 3280.203(c) or § 3280.204 of this subpart.) (b) Flame-spread rating requirements. (1) The interior finish of all walls, columns, and partitions shall not have a flame spread rating exceeding 200 except as otherwise specified herein. (2) Ceiling interior finish shall not have a flame spread rating exceeding 75. (3) Walls adjacent to or enclosing a fur… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.4 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.204 Kitchen cabinet protection. | HUD | [49 FR 32008, Aug. 9, 1984, as amended at 78 FR 73982, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75745, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) The exposed bottom and sides of combustible kitchen cabinets over cooking ranges to a horizontal distance of 6 inches from the outside edge of the cooking range must be protected with at least 5/16 inch thick gypsum board or equivalent limited combustible material. One-inch nominal framing members and trim are exempted from this requirement. The cabinet area over the cooking range or cooktops shall be protected by a metal hood (26-gauge sheet metal, or .017 stainless steel, or .024 aluminum, or .020 copper) with not less than a 3-inch eyebrow projecting horizontally from the front cabinet face. The 5/16 -inch thick gypsum board or equivalent material which is above the top of the hood may be supported by the hood. A 3/8 -inch enclosed air space shall be provided between the bottom surface of the cabinet and the gypsum board or equivalent material. The hood shall be at least as wide as the cooking range. (b) The 3-inch metal eyebrow required by paragraph (a) of this section will project from the front and rear cabinet faces when there is no adjacent surface behind the range, or the 5/16 -inch thick gypsum board or equivalent material shall be extended to cover all exposed rear surfaces of the cabinet. (c) Alternative compliance. When all exposed surfaces along the bottoms and sides of combustible kitchen cabinets are protected as described in paragraph (a) of this section, the metal hood, the 5/16 -inch thick gypsum board or equivalent material, and the 3/8 -inch airspace required by paragraph (a) of this section can be omitted, provided that: (1) A microwave oven is installed between the cabinet and the range; and (2) The microwave oven is equivalent in fire protection to the metal range hood required by paragraph (a) of this section; and (3) The microwave oven is certified to be in conformance with Microwave Cooking Appliances, UL 923-2002 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (d) When a manufactured home is designed for the future installation of a cooking range, the metal hood and… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.5 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.205 Carpeting. | HUD | Carpeting shall not be used in a space or compartment designed to contain only a furnace and/or water heater. Carpeting may be used in other areas where a furnace or water heater is installed, provided that it is not located under the furnace or water heater. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.6 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.206 Fireblocking. | HUD | [71 FR 72042, Nov. 30, 2005] | (a) General. Fireblocking must comply with the requirements of this section. The integrity of all fireblocking materials must be maintained. (b) Fireblocking materials. Fireblocking must consist of the following materials: (1) Minimum one inch nominal lumber, 5/16 inch thick gypsum board, or equivalent fire resistive materials; or (2) Other Listed or Approved Materials; (c) Fireblocking locations. (1) Fireblocking must be installed in concealed spaces of stud walls, partitions, and furred spaces at the floor and ceiling levels. Concealed spaces must not communicate between floor levels. Concealed spaces must not communicate between a ceiling level and a concealed roof area, or an attic space. (2) Fireblocking must be installed at the interconnection of a concealed vertical space and a concealed horizontal space that occurs: (i) Between a concealed wall cavity and the ceiling joists above; and (ii) At soffits, drop ceilings, cover ceilings, and similar locations. (3) Fireblocking must be installed around the openings for pipes, vents, and other penetrations in walls, floors, and ceilings of furnace and water heater spaces. Pipes, vents, and other penetrations that cannot be moved freely within their opening are considered to be fireblocked. Materials used to fireblock heat producing vent penetrations must be noncombustible or limited combustible types. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.7 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.207 Requirements for thermal insulating materials. | HUD | (a) General. Except for foam plastic materials and as provided in this section, exposed and concealed thermal insulating materials, including any facings, must be tested in accordance with NFPA 255-96, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) and must have a flame spread index of 25 or less and a smoke developed index of 450 or less. The flame spread and smoke developed limitations do not apply to: (1) Coverings and facings of insulation batts or blankets installed in concealed spaces when the facings are in substantial contact with the unexposed surface of wall, floor, or ceiling finish; or (2) Cellulose loose-fill insulation that complies with paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Loose-fill insulation. (1) Cellulose loose-fill insulation that is not spray-applied or self-supporting must comply with, and each package must be labeled in accordance with the Consumer Product Safety Commission requirements in 16 CFR parts 1209 and 1404. (2) Other loose-fill insulation that cannot be mounted in the NFPA 255-96, test apparatus without a screen or other artificial support must be tested in accordance with CAN/ULC S102.2-M88, Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Floor Coverings and Miscellaneous Materials and Assemblies (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4), and must have a flame spread index of 25 or less and a smoke developed index of 450 or less. (c) Attic locations. Exposed insulation installed on the floor or ceiling forming the lower boundary of the attic must be tested in accordance with NFPA 253-2000, Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) and must have a critical radiant flux of not less than 0.12 watt/cm 2 . | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.8 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.208 Requirements for foam plastic thermal insulating materials. | HUD | [49 FR 32008, Aug. 9, 1984, as amended at 70 FR 72043, Nov. 30, 2005. Redesignated at 78 FR 73982, Dec. 9, 2013] | (a) General. Foam plastic thermal insulating materials shall not be used within the cavity of walls (not including doors) or ceilings or be exposed to the interior of the home unless: (1) The foam plastic insulating material is protected by an interior finish of 5/16 -inch thick gypsum board or equivalent material for all cavities where the material is to be installed; or (2) The foam plastic is used as a sheathing or siding backerboard, and it: (i) Has a flame spread rating of 75 or less and a smoke-developed rating of 450 or less (not including outer covering of sheathing); (ii) Does not exceed 3/8 -inch in thickness; and (iii) Is separated from the interior of the manufactured home by a minimum of 2 inches of mineral fiber insulation or an equivalent thermal barrier; or (3) The foam plastic insulating material has been previously accepted by the Department for use in wall and/or ceiling cavities of manufactured homes, and it is installed in accordance with any restrictions imposed at the time of that acceptance; or (4) The foam plastic insulating material has been tested as required for its location in wall and/or ceiling cavities in accordance with testing procedures described in the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute (IIT) Report, “Development of Mobile Home Fire Test Methods to Judge the Fire-Safe Performance of Foam Plastic Sheathing and Cavity Insulation, IITRI Fire and Safety Research Project J-6461, 1979” or other full-scale fire tests accepted by HUD, and it is installed in a manner consistent with the way the material was installed in the foam plastic test module. The materials must be capable of meeting the following acceptance criteria required for their location: (i) Wall assemblies. The foam plastic system shall demonstrate equivalent or superior performance to the control module as determined by: (A) Time to reach flashover (600 °C in the upper part of the room); (B) Time to reach an oxygen (O 2 ) level of 14% (rate of O 2 depletion), a carbon monoxide (CO) lev… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.3.1.9 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | C | Subpart C—Fire Safety | § 3280.209 Smoke alarm requirements. | HUD | [67 FR 12817, Mar. 19, 2002, as amended at 67 FR 49795, July 31, 2002. Redesignated at 78 FR 73982, Dec. 9, 2013; 86 FR 2518, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75745, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Labeling. Each smoke alarm required under paragraph (b) of this section must conform with the requirements of UL 217 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) or UL 268 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4), and must bear a label to evidence conformance. Combination smoke and carbon monoxide alarms shall be listed and must bear a label to evidence conformance with UL 217 and UL 2034. (b) Combination alarms. Combination smoke and carbon monoxide alarms shall be permitted to be used in lieu of smoke alarms. If installed, such alarms must meet location requirements for both smoke alarms and carbon monoxide alarms. (c) Required smoke alarm locations. (1) At least one smoke alarm must be installed in each of the following locations: (i) To protect both the living area and kitchen space. Manufacturers are encouraged to locate the alarm in the living area remote from the kitchen and cooking appliances. A smoke alarm located within 20 feet horizontally of a cooking appliance must incorporate a temporary silencing feature or be of a photoelectric type. (ii) In each room designed for sleeping. (iii) On the ceiling of the upper level near the top or above each stairway, other than a basement stairway, in any multistory home completed in accordance with this part or part 3282 of this chapter. The alarm must be located so that smoke rising in the stairway cannot be prevented from reaching the alarm by an intervening door or obstruction. (2) For each home designed to be placed over a basement, the manufacturer must provide a smoke alarm for the basement and must install at the factory an electrical junction box for the installation of this smoke alarm and for its interconnection to other smoke alarms required by this section. The instructions for installers and information for homeowners required in paragraph (f) of this section must clearly indicate that a smoke alarm should be installed and is to be located on the basement ceiling near the stairway. (3) A smoke alarm required under this section must not … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.4.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | D | Subpart D—Body and Frame Construction Requirements | § 3280.301 Scope. | HUD | [78 FR 73982, Dec. 9, 2013] | This subpart covers the minimum requirements for materials, products, equipment, and workmanship needed to assure that the manufactured home will provide the following: (a) Structural strength and rigidity; (b) Protection against corrosion, decay, insects, rodents, and other similar destructive forces; (c) Protection against wind hazards; (d) Resistance to the elements; and (e) Durability and economy of maintenance. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.4.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | D | Subpart D—Body and Frame Construction Requirements | § 3280.302 Definitions. | HUD | [58 FR 55005, Oct. 25, 1993; 59 FR 15113, Mar. 31, 1994, as amended at 72 FR 59361, Oct. 19, 2007] | The following definitions are applicable to subpart D only: Anchor assembly means any device or other means designed to transfer home anchoring loads to the ground. Anchoring equipment means ties, straps, cables, turnbuckles, chains, and other approved components, including tensioning devices that are used to secure a manufactured home to anchor assemblies. Anchoring system means a combination of anchoring equipment and anchor assemblies that will, when properly designed and installed, resist the uplift, overturning, and lateral forces on the manufactured home and on its support and foundation system. Diagonal tie means a tie intended to resist horizontal or shear forces, but which may resist vertical, uplift, and overturning forces. Footing: means that portion of the support system that transmits loads directly to the soil. Foundation system means a system of support that is capable of transferring all design loads to the ground, including elements of the support system as defined in this section, or a site-built permanent foundation that meets the requirements of 24 CFR 3282.12. Ground anchor means a specific anchoring assembly device designed to transfer home anchoring loads to the ground. Loads: (1) Dead load: means the weight of all permanent construction including walls, floors, roof, partition, and fixed service equipment. (2) Live load: means the weight superimposed by the use and occupancy of the manufactured home, including wind load and snow load, but not including dead load. (3) Wind load: means the lateral or vertical pressure or uplift on the manufactured home due to wind blowing in any direction. Main frame: means the structural component on which is mounted the body of the manufactured home. Pier: means that portion of the support system between the footing and manufactured home exclusive of caps and shims. Sheathing: means material which is applied on the exterior side of a building frame under the exterior weather resistant covering. Stabilizing devices means all … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.4.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | D | Subpart D—Body and Frame Construction Requirements | § 3280.303 General requirements. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55005, Oct. 25, 1993; 59 FR 2469, Jan. 14, 1994; 70 FR 72043, Nov. 30, 2005; 89 FR 75748, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Minimum requirements. The design and construction of a manufactured home shall conform with the provisions of this standard. Requirements for any size, weight, or quality of material modified by the terms of minimum, not less than, at least, and similar expressions are minimum standards. The manufacturer or installer may exceed these standards provided such deviation does not result in any inferior installation or defeat the purpose and intent of this standard. (b) Construction. All Construction methods must be in conformance with an approved quality assurance manual as provided by §§ 3282.203 and 3282.361(c) and accepted engineering practices to ensure durable, livable, and safe housing. (c) Structural analysis. The strength and rigidity of the component parts and/or the integrated structure shall be determined by engineering analysis or by suitable load tests to simulate the actual loads and conditions of application that occur. (See subparts E and J.) (d) [Reserved] (e) New materials and methods. (1) Any new material or method of construction not provided for in this standard and any material or method of questioned suitability proposed for use in the manufacture of the structure shall nevertheless conform in performance to the requirements of this standard. (2) Unless based on accepted engineering design for the use indicated, all new manufactured home materials, equipment, systems or methods of construction not provided for in this standard shall be subjected to the tests specified in paragraph (g) of this section. (f) Allowable design stress. The design stresses of all materials shall conform to accepted engineering practice. The use of materials not certified as to strength or stress grade shall be limited to the minimum allowable stresses under accepted engineering practice. (g) Alternative test procedures. In the absence of recognized testing procedures either in the Standards in this part or in the applicable provisions of those standards incorporated in this part by reference, … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.4.1.4 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | D | Subpart D—Body and Frame Construction Requirements | § 3280.304 Materials. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 961, Jan. 4, 1977. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55006, Oct. 25, 1993; 59 FR 15113, Mar. 31, 1994; 70 FR 72043, Nov. 30, 2005; 78 FR 73982, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75748, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Dimension and board lumber must not exceed 19 percent moisture content at the time of installation, except that treated lumber used for exterior purposes only and does not extend into the main home construction may have a moisture content exceeding 19 percent. (b) The standards for some of the generally used materials and methods of construction that are listed in this paragraph (b) are incorporated by reference (see § 3280.4). (1) Aluminum. (i) Aluminum Design Manual, Specifications and Guidelines for Aluminum Structures, Part 1-A (Aluminum Association). (ii) Aluminum Design Manual, Specifications and Guidelines for Aluminum Structures, Part 1-B (Aluminum Association). (2) Steel. (i) Specification for Structural Steel Buildings—AISC 360. (ii) North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members—AISI S100. (iii) Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members—SEI/ASCE 8. (iv) Standard Specifications Load Tables and Weight Tables for Steel Joists and Joist Girders—SJI. (v) Structural Applications of Steel Cables for Buildings—ASCE 19. (vi) Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals—ASTM D3953. (3) Wood and wood products. (i) Basic Hardboard—ANSI A135.4 (Composite Panel Association). (ii) Prefinished Hardboard Paneling—ANSI A135.5 (Composite Panel Association). (iii) Engineered Wood Siding—ANSI A135.6 (Composite Panel Association). (iv) American National Standard for Hardwood and Decorative Plywood—ANSI/HPVA HP-1 (Decorative Hardwoods Association). (v) Structural Design Guide for Hardwood Plywood Wall Panels—HP-SG (Decorative Hardwoods Association). (vi) For Wood Products—Structural Glued Laminated Timber—ANSI/AITC A190.1. (vii) Structural Plywood (With Typical APA Trademarks)—NIST PS 1. (viii) APA Design/Construction Guide, Residential and Commercial Structures—APA E30-P. (ix) National Design Standard for Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Construction, TPI 1. (x) Design and Fabrication of All-Plywood Beams—H81… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.4.1.5 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | D | Subpart D—Body and Frame Construction Requirements | § 3280.305 Structural design requirements. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 44 FR 66195, Nov. 19, 1979; 52 FR 4582, Feb. 12, 1987; 58 FR 55006, Oct. 25, 1993; 59 FR 2469, Jan. 14, 1994; 59 FR 15113, 15114, Mar. 31, 1994; 62 FR 54547, Oct. 20, 1997; 70 FR 72043, Nov. 30, 2005; 71 FR 19638, Apr. 17, 2006; 78 FR 73983, Dec. 9, 2013; 80 FR 53727, Sept. 8, 2015; 86 FR 2520, Jan. 12, 2021; 86 FR 10457, Feb. 22, 2021; 89 FR 75749, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) General. Each manufactured home must be designed and constructed as a completely integrated structure capable of sustaining the design load requirements of this part and must be capable of transmitting these loads to stabilizing devices without exceeding the allowable stresses or deflections. Roof framing must be securely fastened to wall framing, walls to floor structure, and floor structure to chassis to secure and maintain continuity between the floor and chassis, so as to resist wind overturning, uplift, and sliding as imposed by design loads in this part. In multistory construction, each story must be securely fastened to the story above and/or below to provide continuity and resist design loads in this part. Uncompressed finished flooring greater than 1/8 inch in thickness must not extend beneath load-bearing walls that are fastened to the floor structure. (b) Design loads —(1) Design dead loads. Design dead loads shall be the actual dead load supported by the structural assembly under consideration. (2) Design live loads. The design live loads and wind and snow loads shall be as specified in this section and shall be considered to be uniformly distributed. The roof live load or snow load shall not be considered as acting simultaneously with the wind load and the roof live or snow load and floor live loads shall not be considered as resisting the overturning moment due to wind. (3) When engineering calculations are performed, allowable unit stresses may be increased as provided in the documents referenced in § 3280.304 except as otherwise indicated in §§ 3280.304(b)(1) and 3280.306(a). (4) Whenever the roof slope does not exceed 20 degrees, the design horizontal wind loads required by § 3280.305(c)(1) may be determined without including the vertical roof projection of the manufactured home. However, regardless of the roof slope of the manufactured home, the vertical roof projection shall be included when determining the wind loading for split level or clerestory-type roof systems. (c) Wi… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.4.1.6 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | D | Subpart D—Body and Frame Construction Requirements | § 3280.306 Windstorm protection. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 4583, Feb. 12, 1987; 59 FR 2473, Jan. 14, 1994; 70 FR 72045, Nov. 30, 2005; 72 FR 59362, Oct. 19, 2007; 78 FR 73983, Dec. 9, 2013] | (a) Provisions for support and anchoring systems. Each manufactured home shall have provisions for support/anchoring or foundation systems that, when properly designed and installed, will resist overturning and lateral movement (sliding) of the manufactured home as imposed by the respective design loads. For Wind Zone I, the design wind loads to be used for calculating resistance to overturning and lateral movement shall be the simultaneous application of the wind loads indicated in § 3280.305(c)(1)(i), increased by a factor of 1.5. The 1.5 factor of safety for Wind Zone I is also to be applied simultaneously to both the vertical building projection, as horizontal wind load, and across the surface of the full roof structure, as uplift loading. For Wind Zones II and III, the resistance shall be determined by the simultaneous application of the horizontal drag and uplift wind loads, in accordance with § 3280.305(c)(1)(ii). The basic allowable stresses of materials required to resist overturning and lateral movement shall not be increased in the design and proportioning of these members. No additional shape or location factors need to be applied in the design of the tiedown system. The dead load of the structure may be used to resist these wind loading effects in all Wind Zones. (1) The provisions of this section shall be followed and the support and anchoring systems shall be designed by a Registered Professional Engineer or Architect. (2) The manufacturer of each manufactured home is required to make provision for the support and anchoring systems but is not required to provide the anchoring equipment or stabilizing devices. When the manufacturer's installation instructions provide for the main frame structure to be used as the points for connection of diagonal ties, no specific connecting devices need be provided on the main frame structure. (b) Contents of instructions. (1) The manufacturer must provide printed instructions with each manufactured home that specify the location and required capacity of sta… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.4.1.7 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | D | Subpart D—Body and Frame Construction Requirements | § 3280.307 Resistance to elements and use. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 86 FR 2520, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75749, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Exterior coverings shall be of moisture and weather resistive materials attached with corrosion resistant fasteners to resist wind, snow and rain. Metal coverings and exposed metal structural members shall be of corrosion resistant materials or shall be protected to resist corrosion. All joints between portions of the exterior covering shall be designed, and assembled to protect against the infiltration of air and water, except for any designed ventilation of wall or roof cavity. (b) Joints between dissimilar materials and joints between exterior coverings and frames of openings shall be protected with a compatible sealant suitable to resist infiltration of air or water. (c) Where adjoining materials or assemblies of materials are of such nature that separation can occur due to expansion, contraction, wind loads or other loads induced by erection or transportation, sealants shall be of a type that maintains protection against infiltration or penetration by air, moisture or vermin. (d) Exterior surfaces shall be sealed to resist the entrance of rodents. (e) Multi-section and attached manufactured homes (see subpart K of this part) are not required to comply with the factory installation of weather-resistant exterior finishes for those areas left open for field connection of the sections provided the following conditions are satisfied: (1) Temporary weather protection for exposed, unprotected construction is provided in accordance with methods to be included in the approved design. (2) Methods for on-site completion and finishing of these elements are included in the approved design. (3) Complete installation instructions and the required materials for finishing these elements are provided. (f) The exterior wall envelope must be designed and constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of water within the wall assembly by providing a Water Resistive Barrier (WRB) behind the exterior cladding and a means of draining water that enters the assembly. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.4.1.8 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | D | Subpart D—Body and Frame Construction Requirements | § 3280.308 Formaldehyde emission controls for composite wood products | HUD | [85 FR 5566, Jan. 31, 2020] | (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the definitions found in 40 CFR 770.3 apply. (b) Formaldehyde emission levels. The following maximum formaldehyde emission standards apply whether the composite wood product is in the form of a panel or is incorporated into a component part or finished good: (1) For hardwood plywood made with a veneer core or composite core, the maximum level is 0.05 parts per million (ppm) of formaldehyde; (2) For medium density fiberboard, the maximum level is 0.11 ppm of formaldehyde; (3) For thin medium density fiberboard, the maximum level is 0.13 ppm of formaldehyde; and (4) For particleboard, the maximum level is 0.09 ppm of formaldehyde. (c) Product certification and continuing qualification. Only certified composite wood products whether in the form of panels or incorporated into component parts or finished goods, are permitted to be used in manufactured homes sold, supplied, offered for sale, or manufactured in or imported into the United States, consistent with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) product testing requirements at 40 CFR 770.15. See § 3280.406 for testing requirements for product certification and testing requirements for continuing qualification of formaldehyde emission levels. (d) Panel label. Manufactured homes must use panels or bundles of panels that are labeled by a panel producer consistent with the labeling requirements at 40 CFR 770.45. (e) Finished good certification label. Each manufactured home must be provided with a finished good certification label indicating that the home has been produced with composite wood products, or finished goods that contain composite wood products, that comply with the formaldehyde emission requirements of this part and 40 CFR part 770, consistent with § 3280.5(i). (f) Non-complying lots. Composite wood products from non-complying lots ( i.e., lots that exceed the applicable formaldehyde ppm) are not certified composite wood products and may not be used in manufactured homes except in accordanc… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.4.1.9 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | D | Subpart D—Body and Frame Construction Requirements | § 3280.309 Standard for vinyl siding and polypropylene siding used in manufactured homes. | HUD | [89 FR 75749, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Scope. This section establishes the requirements for vinyl siding and polypropylene siding used in manufactured homes. (b) Standards —(1) Vinyl siding. All vinyl siding must comply with the requirements of ASTM D3679 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) and must be certified or listed and labeled as conforming to those requirements. (2) Polypropylene siding. All polypropylene siding must comply with the requirements of ASTM D7254 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) and must be certified or listed and labeled as conforming to those requirements. (c) Installation. Vinyl siding and soffit installation must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Vinyl siding and soffit installation must be based on ASTM D4756 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.5.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | E | Subpart E—Testing | § 3280.401 Structural load tests. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55007, Oct. 25, 1993; 70 FR 72045, Nov. 30, 2005] | Every structural assembly tested shall be capable of meeting the Proof Load Test or the Ultimate Load Test as follows: (a) Proof load tests. Every structural assembly tested must be capable of sustaining its dead load plus superimposed live loads equal to 1.75 times the required live loads for a period of 12 hours without failure. Tests must be conducted with loads applied and deflections recorded in 1/4 design live load increments at 10-minute intervals until 1.25 times design live load plus dead load has been reached. Additional load shall then be applied continuously until 1.75 times design live load plus dead load has been reached. Assembly failure shall be considered as design live load deflection (or residual deflection measured 12 hours after live load removal) that is greater than the limits set in § 3280.305(d), rupture, fracture, or excessive yielding. Design live load deflection criteria do not apply when the structural assembly being evaluated does not include structural framing members. An assembly to be tested shall be of the minimum quality of materials and workmanship of the production. Each test assembly, component, or subassembly shall be identified as to type and quality or grade of material. All assemblies, components, or subassemblies qualifying under this test shall be subject to a continuing qualification testing program acceptable to HUD. (b) Ultimate load tests. Ultimate load tests must be performed on a minimum of three assemblies or components to generally evaluate the structural design. Every structural assembly or component tested must be capable of sustaining its total dead load plus the design live load increased by a factor of safety of at least 2.5. A factor of safety greater than 2.5 shall be used when required by an applicable reference standard in § 3280.304(b)(1). Tests shall be conducted with loads applied and deflections recorded in 1/4 design live load increments at 10-minute intervals until 1.25 times design live load plus dead load has been reached. Additional lo… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.5.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | E | Subpart E—Testing | § 3280.402 Test procedures for roof trusses. | HUD | [78 FR 4065, Jan. 18, 2013] | (a) Roof load tests. This section provides the roof truss test procedure for vertical loading conditions. Where roof trusses act as support for other members, have eave or cornice projections, or support concentrated loads, roof trusses must also be tested for those conditions. These test procedures are required for new truss designs in all three wind zones and for existing truss designs used in Wind Zones II and III. (b) General. Trusses must be tested in a truss test fixture that replicates the design loads, and actual support points, and does not restrain horizontal movement. When tested singly or in groups of two or more trusses, trusses shall be mounted on supports and positioned as intended to be installed in the manufactured home in order to give the required clear span distance (L) and eave or cornice distance (Lo), if applicable, as specified in the design. (l) When trusses are tested singly, trusses shall be positioned in a test fixture, with supports properly located and the roof loads evenly applied. See Figure 3280.402(b)(1). (2) When tested in groups of two or more, the top chords are permitted to be sheathed with nominal 1/4-inch × 12-inch plywood strips. The plywood strips shall be at least long enough to cover the top chords of the trusses at the designated design truss spacing. Adjacent plywood strips shall be separated by at least 1/8-inch. The plywood strips shall be nailed with 4d nails or equivalent staples no closer than 8 inches on center along the top chord. The bottom chords of the adjacent trusses shall be permitted to be one of the following: (i) Unbraced; or (ii) Laterally braced together (not cross-braced) with 1-inch × 2-inch stripping no closer than 24 inches on center, nailed with only one 8d nail at each truss. See Figure 3280.402(b)(2). (c) Measuring and loading methods. Deflections must be measured at the free end of an eave or cornice projection and at least at the truss mid-span and quarter points. Scissors or other unique truss configurations are to be measured a… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.5.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | E | Subpart E—Testing | § 3280.403 Requirements for windows, sliding glass doors, and skylights. | HUD | [52 FR 4583, Feb. 12, 1987, as amended at 52 FR 35543, Sept. 22, 1987; 58 FR 55009, Oct. 25, 1993; 59 FR 2474, Jan. 14, 1994; 70 FR 72046, Nov. 30, 2005; 78 FR 73983, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75750, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Scope. This section establishes the requirements for prime windows and sliding glass doors, except that windows used in an entry door are components of the door and are excluded from these requirements. (b)(1) All primary windows and sliding glass doors must comply with AAMA 1701.2 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4), except the exterior and interior pressure tests must be conducted at the minimum design wind loads required for components in § 3280.305(c)(1). (2) All skylights must comply with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (2) All skylights must comply with AAMA/WDMA/CSA/101/I.S.2/A440-08: North American Fenestration Standard/Specifications for Windows, Doors and Skylights (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). Skylights must withstand the roof loads for the applicable Roof Load Zone specified in § 3280.305(c)(3), and the following wind loads: (i) For Wind Zone I, the wind loads specified in § 3280.305(c)(1)(i); and (ii) For Wind Zones II and III, the wind loads specified for exterior roof coverings, sheathing, and fastenings in § 3280.305(c)(1)(ii). (c) Installation. All primary windows, sliding glass doors, and skylights must be installed in a manner that allows proper operation and provides protection against the elements, as required by § 3280.307. (d) Glass. (1) Safety glazing materials, where used shall meet ANSI Z97.1 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (2) Sealed insulating glass, where used, must meet all performance requirements for Class C in accordance with ASTM E 774-97, Standard Specification for the Classification of the Durability of Sealed Insulating Glass Units. The sealing system must be qualified in accordance with ASTM E 773-97, Standard Test Methods for Accelerated Weathering of Sealed Insulating Glass Units. Each glass unit must be permanently identified with the name of the insulating glass manufacturer. (e) Certification. All primary windows and sliding glass doors to be in… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.5.1.4 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | E | Subpart E—Testing | § 3280.404 Standard for egress windows and devices for use in manufactured homes. | HUD | [52 FR 4583, Feb. 12, 1987, as amended at 59 FR 2474, Jan. 14, 1994; 70 FR 72046, Nov. 30, 2005; 78 FR 73983, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75750, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Scope and purpose. The purpose of this section is to establish the requirements for the design, construction, and installation of windows and approved devices intended to be used as an emergency exit during conditions encountered in a fire or similar disaster. (b) Performance. Egress windows including auxiliary frame and seals, if any, must meet all requirements of AAMA 1701.2 and AAMA 1704 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (all incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (1) Loading. Exterior and interior pressure tests for components and cladding must be conducted meeting or exceeding the minimum design wind loads required by § 3280.305(c)(1). (2) Dimensions. All egress systems must have a minimum clear horizontal dimension of 20 inches and a minimum clear vertical dimension of 24 inches and have a clear opening of at least 5 ft 2 . (c) Installation. (1) The installation of egress windows or devices shall be installed in a manner which allows for proper operation and provides protection against the elements. ( See § 3280.307.) (2) An operational check of each installed egress window or device must be made at the manufactured home factory. All egress windows and devices must be capable of being opened to the minimum required dimensions by normal operation of the window without binding or requiring the use of tools. Any window or device failing this check must be repaired or replaced. A repaired window must conform to its certification. Any repaired or replaced window or device must pass the operational check. (3) Windows that require the removal of the sash to meet egress size requirements are prohibited. (d) Operating instructions. Operating instructions shall be affixed to each egress window and device and carry the legend “Do Not Remove.” (e) Certification of egress windows and devices. (1) Egress windows and devices must be listed in accordance with the procedures and requirements of AAMA 1701.2 and AAMA 1704 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (all incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.5.1.5 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | E | Subpart E—Testing | § 3280.405 Standard for swinging exterior passage doors for use in manufactured homes. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 4583, Feb. 12, 1987; 52 FR 35543, Sept. 22, 1987; 58 FR 55009, Oct. 25, 1993; 59 FR 2474, Jan. 14, 1994; 70 FR 72046, Nov. 30, 2005; 89 FR 75750, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Introduction. This standard applies to all exterior passage door units, excluding sliding doors and doors used for access to utilities and compartments. This standard applies only to the door frame consisting of jambs, head and sill and the attached door or doors. (b) Performance requirements. The design and construction of exterior door units must meet all requirements of AAMA 1702.2 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (c) Materials and methods. Any material or method of construction must conform to the performance requirements as outlined in paragraph (b) of this section. Plywood must be exterior type and preservative treated in accordance with WDMA I.S.4 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (d) Exterior doors. All swinging exterior doors shall be installed in a manner which allows proper operation and provides protection against the elements ( see § 3280.307). (e) Certification. All swinging exterior doors to be installed in manufactured homes must be certified as complying with AAMA 1702.2 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (1) All such doors must show evidence of certification by affixing a quality certification label to the product from an independent product certification body accredited to ISO/IEC 17065 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (2) In determining certifiability of the products, an independent quality assurance agency must conduct a pre-production specimen test in accordance with AAMA 1702.2 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (f) Protection of exterior doors in high wind areas. For homes designed to be located in Wind Zones II and III, manufacturers shall design exterior walls surrounding the exterior door openings to allow for the installation of shutters or other protective covers, such as plywood, to cover these openings. Although not required, the Department encourages manufacturers to provide the shutters or protective cov… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.5.1.6 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | E | Subpart E—Testing | § 3280.406 Air chamber test methods for certification and continuing qualification of formaldehyde emission levels. | HUD | [85 FR 5566, Jan. 31, 2020] | (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the definitions found in 40 CFR 770.3 apply. (b) Testing requirements. Testing of composite wood products must be performed pursuant to the general requirements of 40 CFR 770.20(a) and (b). Certification testing must be performed pursuant to one of the air chamber test methods specified in 40 CFR 770.15 (ASTM E1333-14, or ASTM D6007-14, both incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). Quarterly testing must be performed pursuant to one of the air chamber test methods specified in 40 CFR 770.20(c) (ASTM E1333-14 or ASTM D6007-14). (c) Samples for testing. Samples for testing shall comply with 40 CFR 770.24. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.5.1.7 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | E | Subpart E—Testing | § 3280.407 Quality control testing, manuals, facilities, and personnel. | HUD | [85 FR 5566, Jan. 31, 2020] | (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the definitions found in 40 CFR 770.3 apply. (b) Quality control testing. Quality control testing is required for hardwood plywood made with a veneer core or composite core, medium density fiberboard, thin medium density fiberboard, and particleboard and must be performed in accordance with the general requirements in 40 CFR 770.20(a) and by one of the test methods and at the frequency specified in 40 CFR 770.20(b). Panels being tested with an equivalence and correlation must be determined in accordance with 40 CFR 770.20(d). (c) Quality control manuals, facilities, and personnel. A panel producer must have a written quality control manual, must designate a quality control facility for conducting quality control formaldehyde testing under this section, and must designate a person as quality control manager with adequate experience and/or training to be responsible for formaldehyde emissions quality control consistent with 40 CFR 770.21. A panel producer means a manufacturing plant or other facility that manufactures (excluding facilities that solely import products) composite wood products (hardwood plywood made with a veneer or composite core, medium-density fiberboard, and particleboard) on the premises. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.501 Scope. | HUD | This subpart sets forth the requirements for condensation control, air infiltration, thermal insulation and certification for heating and comfort cooling. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.10 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.510 Heat loss certificate. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55011, Oct. 25, 1993; 70 FR 72048, Nov. 30, 2005; 89 FR 75750, Sept. 16, 2024] | The manufactured home manufacturer must permanently affix the following “Certificate” to an interior surface of each dwelling unit that is readily visible to the occupant. The “Certificate” shall specify the following: (a) Heating zone certification. The design zone at which the manufactured home heat loss complies with § 3280.506(a). (b) Outdoor certification temperature. The lowest outdoor temperature at which the installed heating equipment will maintain a 70 °F temperature inside the home without storm sash or insulating glass for Zones 1 and 2, and with storm sash or insulating glass for Zone 3 and complying with § 3280.508 and § 3280.509. (c) Operating economy certification temperature. The temperature to be specified for operating economy and energy conservation shall be 20 °F or 30% of the design temperature difference, whichever is greater, added to the temperature specified as the heating system capacity certification temperature without storm windows or insulating glass in Zones 1 and 2 and with storm windows or insulating glass in Zone 3. Design temperature difference is 70° minus the heating system capacity certification temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. HEATING CERTIFICATE Home Manufacturer Plant Location Home Model (Include Uo Value Zone Map) This manufactured home has been thermally insulated to conform with the requirements of the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards for all locations within Uo Value Zone ____. Heating Equipment Manufacturer Heating Equipment Model The above heating equipment has the capacity to maintain an average 70F temperature in this home at outdoor temperatures of [see paragraph (b) of this section] F. To maximize furnace operating economy and to conserve energy, it is recommended that this home be installed where the outdoor winter design temperature (97 1/2%) is not higher than [see paragraph (c) of this section] F degrees Fahrenheit. The above information has been calculated assuming a maximum wind veloc… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.11 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.511 Comfort cooling certificate and information. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55012, Oct. 25, 1993; 89 FR 75751, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) The manufactured home manufacturer must permanently affix a “Comfort Cooling Certificate” to an interior surface of each dwelling unit that is readily visible to the occupant. This certificate may be combined with the heating certificate required in § 3280.510. The manufacturer shall comply with one of the following three alternatives in providing the certificate and additional information concerning the cooling of the manufactured home: (1) Alternative I. If a central air conditioning system is provided by the home manufacturer, the heat gain calculation necessary to properly size the air conditioning equipment shall be in accordance with procedures outlined in chapter 22 of the 1989 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, with an assumed location and orientation. The following shall be supplied in the Comfort Cooling Certificate: Air Conditioner Manufacturer Air Conditioner Model Certified Capacity ______ BTU/Hr. in accordance with the appropriate Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Standards The central air conditioning system provided with this home has been sized, assuming an orientation of the front (hitch) end of the home facing ______ and is designed on the basis of a 75 °F indoor temperature and an outdoor temperature of __ °F dry bulb and __ °F wet bulb. Example Alternate I COMFORT COOLING CERTIFICATE Manufactured Home Mfg Plant Location Manufactured Home Model Air Conditioner Manufacturer Certified Capacity ______ BTU/Hr. in accordance with the appropriate Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Standards. The central air conditioning system provided with this home has been sized assuming an orientation of the front (hitch end) of the home facing ______. On this basis, the system is designed to maintain an indoor temperature of 75 °F when outdoor temperatures are __ °F dry bulb and __ °F wet bulb. The temperature to which this home can be cooled will change depending upon the amount of exposure of the windows to the sun's radiant heat. Theref… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.502 Definitions. | HUD | (a) The following definitions are applicable to subpart F only: (1) Pressure envelope means that primary air barrier surrounding the living space which serves to limit air leakage. In construction using ventilated cavities, the pressure envelope is the interior skin. (2) Thermal envelope area means the sum of the surface areas of outside walls, ceiling and floor, including all openings. The wall area is measured by multiplying outside wall lengths by the inside wall height from floor to ceiling. The floor and ceiling areas are considered as horizontal surfaces using exterior width and length. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.503 Materials. | HUD | Materials used for insulation shall be of proven effectiveness and adequate durability to assure that required design conditions concerning thermal transmission are attained. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.4 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.504 Condensation control and installation of vapor retarders. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55009, Oct. 25, 1993; 70 FR 72046, Nov. 30, 2005; 71 FR 19639, Apr. 17, 2006; 78 FR 73984, Dec. 9, 2013; 86 FR 2521, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75750, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Ceiling vapor retarders. (1) In U o Value Zones 2 and 3, ceilings must have a vapor retarder with a permeance of not greater than 1 perm as measured by ASTM E96/E96M (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4), installed on the living space side of the roof cavity. (2) For manufactured homes designed for Uo Value Zone 1, the vapor retarder may be omitted. (3) In multi-story manufactured homes, the ceiling vapor retarder is permitted to be omitted when the story directly above is part of the same manufactured home. (b) Exterior walls. Exterior walls must be provided with a system or method to manage moisture and vapor accumulation with one of the elements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section. For purposes of the requirement in this paragraph (b), the fire separation wall between each attached manufactured home must be considered to be an exterior wall. See subpart K of this part. (1) Exterior walls shall have a vapor barrier no greater than 1 perm (dry cup method) installed on the living space side of the wall, or (2) Unventilated wall cavities must have an external covering and/or sheathing that forms the pressure envelope. The covering and/or sheathing must have a combined permeance of not less than 5.0 perms. In the absence of test data, combined permeance is permitted to be computed using the following formula: P total = (1/[(1/P 1 ) + (1/P 2 )]), where P 1 and P 2 are the permeance values of the exterior covering and sheathing in perms. Formed exterior siding applied in sections with joints not caulked or sealed, are not considered to restrict water vapor transmission; or (3) Wall cavities must be constructed so that ventilation is provided to dissipate any condensation occurring in these cavities; or (4) Homes manufactured to be sited in “humid climates” or “fringe climates” as shown on the Humid and Fringe Climate Map in this paragraph are permitted to have a vapor retarder specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section installed on the exterior side of the wall insulation or be c… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.5 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.505 Air infiltration. | HUD | (a) Envelope air infiltration. The opaque envelope shall be designed and constructed to limit air infiltration to the living area of the home. Any design, material, method or combination thereof which accomplishes this goal may be used. The goal of the infiltration control criteria is to reduce heat loss/heat gain due to infiltration as much as possible without impinging on health and comfort and within the limits of reasonable economics. (1) Envelope penetrations. Plumbing, mechanical and electrical penetrations of the pressure envelope not exempted by this part, and installations of window and door frames shall be constructed or treated to limit air infiltration. Penetrations of the pressure envelope made by electrical equipment, other than distribution panel boards and cable and conduit penetrations, are exempt from this requirement. Cable penetrations through outlet boxes are considered exempt. (2) Joints between major envelope elements. Joints not designed to limit air infiltration between wall-to-wall, wall-to-ceiling and wall-to-floor connections shall be caulked or otherwise sealed. When walls are constructed to form a pressure envelope on the outside of the wall cavity, they are deemed to meet this requirement. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.6 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.506 Heat loss/heat gain. | HUD | [58 FR 55009, Oct. 25, 1993; 59 FR 15113, Mar. 31, 1994; 86 FR 2521, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) The manufactured home heat loss/heat gain shall be determined by methods outlined in §§ 3280.508 and 3280.509. The Uo (Coefficient of heat transmission) value zone for which the manufactured home is acceptable and the lowest outdoor temperature to which the installed heating equipment will maintain a temperature of 70 F shall be certified as specified in § 3280.510. The Uo value zone shall be determined from the map in figure 1 to this paragraph (a). Figure 1 to Paragraph (a) (b) The overall coefficient of heat transmission (Uo) of the manufactured home for the respective zones and an indoor design temperature of 70 F, including internal and external ducts, and excluding infiltration, ventilation, and condensation control, shall not exceed the Btu/(hr.) (sq. ft.) (F) of the manufactured home envelope are as tabulated in the table to this paragraph (b): Table 1 to Paragraph (b) (c) To assure uniform heat transmission in manufactured homes, cavities in exterior walls, floors, and ceilings must be provided with thermal insulation. For insulation purposes, the fire separation wall between each single family attached manufactured home shall be considered an exterior wall (see subpart K of this part). (d) Manufactured homes designed for Uo Value Zone 3 shall be factory equipped with storm windows or insulating glass. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.7 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.507 Comfort heat gain. | HUD | Information necessary to calculate the home cooling load shall be provided as specified in this part. (a) Transmission heat gains. Homes complying with this section shall meet the minimum heat loss transmission coefficients specified in § 3280.506(a). | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.8 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.508 Heat loss, heat gain and cooling load calculations. | HUD | [58 FR 55011, Oct. 25, 1993, as amended at 70 FR 72047, Nov. 30, 2005] | (a) Information, values and data necessary for heat loss and heat gain determinations must be taken from the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Inch-Pound Edition, chapters 22 through 27. The following portions of those chapters are not applicable: 23.1 Steel Frame Construction 23.2 Masonry Construction 23.3 Foundations and Floor Systems 23.15 Pipes 23.17 Tanks, Vessels, and Equipment 23.18 Refrigerated Rooms and Buildings 24.18 Mechanical and Industrial Systems 25.19 Commercial Building Envelope Leakage 27.9 Calculation of Heat Loss from Crawl Spaces 23.1 Steel Frame Construction 23.2 Masonry Construction 23.3 Foundations and Floor Systems 23.15 Pipes 23.17 Tanks, Vessels, and Equipment 23.18 Refrigerated Rooms and Buildings 24.18 Mechanical and Industrial Systems 25.19 Commercial Building Envelope Leakage 27.9 Calculation of Heat Loss from Crawl Spaces (b) The calculation of the manufactured home's transmission heat loss coefficient (Uo) must be in accordance with the fundamental principles of the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Inch-Pound Edition, and, at a minimum, must address all the heat loss or heat gain considerations in a manner consistent with the calculation procedures provided in the document, Overall U-values and Heating/Cooling Loads—Manufactured Homes—February 1992-PNL 8006, HUD User No. 0005945. (c) Areas where the insulation does not fully cover a surface or is compressed shall be accounted for in the U-calculation (see § 3280.506). The effect of framing on the U-value must be included in the Uo calculation. Other low-R-value heat-flow paths (“thermal shorts”) shall be explicitly accounted for in the calculation of the transmission heat loss coefficient if in the aggregate all types of low-R-value paths amount to more than 1% of the total exterior surface area. Areas are considered low-R-value heat-flow paths if: (1) They separate conditioned and unconditioned space; and (2) They are not insulated to a level that is at least one-half the nominal ins… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.6.1.9 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | F | Subpart F—Thermal Protection | § 3280.509 Criteria in absence of specific data. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 78 FR 73984, Dec. 9, 2013] | In the absence of specific data, for purposes of heat-loss/gain calculation, the following criteria shall be used: (a) Infiltration heat loss. In the absence of measured infiltration heat loss data, the following formula shall be used to calculate heat loss due to infiltration and intermittently operated fans exhausting to the outdoors. The perimeter calculation shall be based on the dimensions of the pressure envelope. Infiltration Heat-Loss = 0.7 (T) (ft. of perimeter), BTU/hr. where: T = 70 minus the heating system capacity certification temperature stipulated in the Heating Certificate, in F. where: T = 70 minus the heating system capacity certification temperature stipulated in the Heating Certificate, in F. (b) Framing areas. (c) Insulation compression. Insulation compressed to less than nominal thickness and loose-fill insulation in sloping cavities must have its nominal R-values reduced in compressed areas in accordance with the following table: Table to Paragraph (c)—Effect of Insulation Compression and Restriction on R -Values Note: To use this table, first compute the restricted insulation thickness as a fraction of the uncompressed (full) insulation thickness. Then look up the R -value remaining from the appropriate column (Non-uniform Restriction, Batt Non-uniform Restriction, Blown or Uniform Compression, Batt). Example: Assume a section of loose-fill ceiling insulation went from R -25 insulation at a height of 10 inches to a minimum height of 2 inches at the edge of the ceiling. The ratio of minimum to full thickness is 0.20 (2 divided by 10). Look up 0.20 (20 percent), read across to column 3 (Non-uniform Restriction, Blown), and read 50 percent. Therefore, the R -value of the loose-fill insulation over the restricted area would be R -12.5 (50 percent of 25). (a) Non-uniform restriction is that which occurs between non-parallel planes, such as in the ceiling near the eaves. (b) Uniform compression is compression between parallel planes, such as that which occurs in a wall. (d)… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.601 Scope. | HUD | Subpart G of this standard covers the plumbing materials, fixtures, and equipment installed within or on manufactured homes. It is the intent of this subpart to assure water supply, drain, waste and vent systems which permit satisfactory functioning and provide for health and safety under all conditions of normal use. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.10 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.610 Drainage systems. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 4586, Feb. 12, 1987; 58 FR 55015, Oct. 25, 1993; 78 FR 73986, Dec. 9, 2013; 86 FR 2521, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) General. (1) Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be installed with a water seal trap (§ 3280.606(a)). (2) The drainage system shall be designed to provide an adequate circulation of air in all piping with no danger of siphonage, aspiration, or forcing of trap seals under conditions of ordinary use. (b) Materials —(1) Pipe. Drainage piping must be standard weight galvanized steel, brass, copper tube DWV, listed Scheduled 40 ABS plastic, listed Scheduled 40 PVC plastic, cast iron, or other listed or approved materials. (2) Fittings. Drainage fittings shall be recessed drainage pattern with smooth interior waterways of the same diameter as the piping and shall be of a material conforming to the type of piping used. Drainage fittings shall be designed to provide for a 1/4 inch per foot grade in horizontal piping. (i) Fittings for screw pipe shall be cast iron, malleable iron, brass, or listed plastic with standard pipe threads. (ii) Fittings for copper tubing shall be cast brass or wrought copper. (iii) Socket-type fittings for plastic piping shall comply with listed standards. (iv) Brass or bronze adaptor or wrought copper fittings shall be used to join copper tubing to threaded pipe. (c) Drain outlets. (1) General. Each manufactured home shall have only one drain outlet. (2) Clearance from drain outlet. The drain outlet shall be provided with a minimum clearance of 3 inches in any direction from all parts of the structure or appurtenances and with not less than 18 inches unrestricted clearance directly in front of the drain outlet. (3) Drain connector. The drain connector shall not be smaller than the piping to which it is connected and shall be equipped with a water-tight cap or plug matching the drain outlet. The cap or plug shall be permanently attached to the manufactured home or drain outlet. (4) Size Requirement. The drain outlet and drain connector shall not be less than 3 inches inside diameter. (5) Preassembly of drain lines. Section(s) of the… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.11 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.611 Vents and venting. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 961, Jan. 4, 1977. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55015, Oct. 25, 1993; 78 FR 73986, Dec. 9, 2013; 86 FR 2521, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75753, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) General. Each plumbing fixture trap shall be protected against siphonage and back pressure, and air circulation shall be ensured throughout all parts of the drainage system by means of vents installed in accordance with the requirements of this section and as otherwise required by this standard. (b) Materials —(1) Pipe. Vent piping must be standard weight galvanized steel, brass, copper tube DWV, listed Scheduled 40 ABS plastic, listed Scheduled 40 PVC plastic, cast iron, or other listed or approved materials. (2) Fittings. Appropriate fittings shall be used for all changes in direction or size and where pipes are joined. The material and design of vent fittings shall conform to the type of piping used. (i) Fittings for screw pipe shall be cast iron, malleable iron, plastic, or brass, with standard pipe threads. (ii) Fittings for copper tubing shall be cast brass or wrought copper. (iii) Fittings for plastic piping shall be made to approved applicable standards. (iv) Brass adaptor fittings or wrought copper shall be used to join copper tubing to threaded pipe. (v) Listed rectangular tubing may be used for vent piping only providing it has an open cross section at least equal to the circular vent pipe required. Listed transition fittings shall be used. (c) Size of vent piping —(1) Main vent. The drain piping for each toilet shall be vented by a 1 1/2 inch minimum diameter vent or rectangular vent of venting cross section equivalent to or greater than the venting cross section of a 1 1/2 inch diameter vent, connected to the toilet drain by one of the following methods: (i) A 1 1/2 inch diameter (min.) individual vent pipe or equivalent directly connected to the toilet drain within the distance allowed in § 3280.611(c)(5), for 3-inch trap arms undiminished in size through the roof; (ii) A 1 1/2 -inch diameter (min.) continuous vent or equivalent, indirectly connected to the toilet drain piping within the distance allowed in paragraph (c)(5) of this section for 3 inch trap arms through … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.12 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.612 Tests and inspection. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 961, Jan. 4, 1977; 42 FR 54383, Oct. 5, 1977. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55015, Oct. 25, 1993; 86 FR 2521, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) Water system. All water piping in the water distribution system must be subjected to a pressure test. The test must be made by subjecting the system to air or water at 80 psi + or − 5 psi for 15 minutes without loss of pressure. The water used for the test must be obtained from a potable water source. (b) Drainage and vent system and plumbing fixtures. The waste and vent system shall be tested by one of the three following alternate methods for evidence or indication of leakage: (1) Water test. Before plumbing fixtures are connected, all of the openings into the piping shall be plugged and the entire piping system subjected to a static water test for 15 minutes by filling it with water to the top of the highest vent opening. There shall be no evidence of leakage. (2) Air test. After all fixtures have been installed, the traps filled with water, and the remaining openings securely plugged, the entire system shall be subjected to a 2-inch (manometer) water column air pressure test. If the system loses pressure, leaks may be located with smoke pumped into the system, or with soap suds spread on the exterior of the piping (Bubble test). (3) Flood level test. The manufactured home shall be in a level position, all fixtures shall be connected, and the entire system shall be filled with water to the rim of the water closet bowl. (Tub and shower drains shall be plugged). After all trapped air has been released, the test shall be sustained for not less than 15 minutes without evidence of leaks. Then the system shall be unplugged and emptied. The waste piping above the level of the water closet bowl shall then be tested and show no indication of leakage when the high fixtures are filled with water and emptied simultaneously to obtain the maximum possible flow in the drain piping. (c) Fixture test. The plumbing fixtures and connections shall be subjected to a flow test by filling them with water and checking for leaks and retarded flow while they are being emptied. (d) Shower compartments. Shower com… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.602 Definitions. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 4584, Feb. 12, 1987; 52 FR 47553, Dec. 15, 1987; 58 FR 55012, Oct. 25, 1993; 78 FR 73984, Dec. 9, 2013' 86 FR 2521, Jan. 12, 2021] | The following definitions are applicable to subpart G only: Accessible, when applied to a fixture, connection, appliance or equipment, means having access thereto, but which may require removal of an access panel or opening of a door. Air gap (water distribution system) means the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture, water supplied appliances, or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle. Backflow means the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source or sources other than its intended sources. Backflow connection means any arrangement whereby backflow can occur. Backflow preventer means a device or means to prevent backflow. Branch means any part of the piping system other than a riser, main or stack. Common vent means a vent connecting at the junction of fixture drains and serving as a vent for more than one fixture. Continuous vent means a vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain to which it connects. Continuous waste means a drain from two or more fixtures connected to a single trap. Critical level means a point established by the testing laboratory (usually stamped on the device by the manufacturer) which determines the minimum elevation above the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle served on which the device may be installed. When a backflow prevention device does not bear a critical level marking, the bottom of the vacuum breaker, combination valve, or of any such approved or listed device shall constitute the critical level. Cross connection means any physical connection or arrangement between two otherwise separate systems or sources, one of which contains potable water and the other either water, steam, gas or chemical of unknown or questionable safety whereby there may be a flow from one system or source to the other, the direction of flow depending on … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.603 General requirements. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 54383, Oct. 5, 1977. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55012, Oct. 25, 1993; 78 FR 73985, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75751, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Minimum requirements. Any plumbing system installed in a manufactured home shall conform, at least, with the provisions of this subpart. (1) General. The plumbing system shall be of durable material, free from defective workmanship, and so designed and constructed as to give satisfactory service for a reasonable life expectancy. (2) Conservation. Each water closet must not use more than 1.6 gallons of water per flush. (3) Connection to drainage system. All plumbing, fixtures, drains, appurtenances, and appliances designed or used to receive or discharge liquid waste or sewage shall be connected to the manufactured home drainage system in a manner provided by this standard. (4) Workmanship. All design, construction, and workmanship shall be in conformance with accepted engineering practices and shall be of such character as to secure the results sought to be obtained by this standard. (5) Components. Plumbing materials, devices, fixtures, fittings, equipment, appliances, appurtenance, and accessories intended for use in or attached to a manufactured home shall conform to one of the applicable standards referenced in § 3280.604. Where an applicable standard is not referenced, or an alternative recognized standard is utilized, the plumbing component shall be listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other qualified organization as suitable for the intended use. (6) Prohibited fittings and practices. (i) Drainage or vent piping shall not be drilled and tapped for the purpose of making connections. (ii) Except as specifically provided elsewhere in this standard, vent pipes shall not be used as waste or drain pipes. (iii) Fittings, connections, devices, or methods of installation that obstruct or retard the flow of sewage, or air in the drainage or venting systems in an amount greater than the normal frictional resistance to flow shall not be used unless their use is acceptable in this standard or their use is accepted as having a desirable and acceptable funct… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.4 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.604 Materials. | HUD | [58 FR 55013, Oct. 25, 1993, as amended at 70 FR 72048, Nov. 30, 2005; 78 FR 73985, Dec. 9, 2013; 79 FR 31863, June 3, 2014; 89 FR 75751, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Minimum standards. Materials, devices, fixtures, fittings, equipment, appliances, appurtenances and accessories shall conform to one of the standards listed in this section (all incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) and be free from defects. Where an appropriate standard is not listed in this section or a standard not listed is preferred, the item may be used if it is listed. A listing is also required when so specified in other sections of this subpart. (b) Compliance when there is more than one listed standard. Where more than one standard is referenced for a particular material or component, compliance with only one of those standards is acceptable. Exceptions: (1) When one of the reference standards requires evaluation of chemical, toxicity or odor properties which are not included in the other standard, then conformance to the applicable requirements of each standard shall be demonstrated; or (2) When a plastic material or component is not covered by the standards in this section, it must be certified as non-toxic in accordance with Drinking water system components-Health effects—ANSI/NSF 61 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). (c) List of standards. Standards for some of the generally used materials and methods of construction are listed as following: (1) Ferrous pipe and fittings. (i) Gray Iron Threaded Fittings—ANSI/ASME B16.4. (ii) Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings—ANSI/ASME B16.3. (iii) Material and Property Standard for Special Cast Iron Fittings—IAPMO PS 5. (iv) Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe—ANSI/ASME B36.10. (v) Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53/A53M. (vi) Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)—ANSI/ASME B1.20.1. (vii) Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings—ASTM A74. (viii) Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications—CISPI-301. (2) Nonferrous pipe and fittings. (i) Standard Specifi… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.5 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.605 Joints and connections. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 53 FR 23611, June 23, 1988; 78 FR 73985, Dec. 9, 2013] | (a) Tightness. Joints and connections in the plumbing system shall be gastight and watertight for the pressures required under testing procedures. (b) Assembling of pipe. All joints and connections shall be correctly assembled for tightness. Pipe threads shall be fully engaged with the threads of the fitting. Plastic pipe and copper tubing shall be inserted to the full depth of the solder cup or welding sockets of each fitting. Pipe threads and slip joints shall not be wrapped with string, paper, putty, or similar fillers. (c) Threaded joints. Threads for screw pipe and fittings shall conform to the approved or listed standard. Pipe ends shall be reamed out to size of bore. All burrs, chips, cutting oil and foreign matter shall be removed. Pipe joint cement or thread lubricant shall be of approved type and applied to male threads only. (d) Solder joints. Solder joints for tubing shall be made with approved or listed solder type fittings. Surfaces to be soldered shall be cleaned bright. The joints shall be properly fluxed with noncorrosive paste type flux and, for manufactured homes to be connected to a public water system, made with solder having not more than 0.2 percent lead. (e) Plastic pipe, fittings and joints. Plastic pipe and fittings shall be joined by installation methods recommended by the manufacturer or in accordance with the provisions of a recognized, approved, or listed standard. (f) Union joints. Metal unions in water piping shall have metal-to-metal ground seats. (g) Flared joints. Flared joints for soft-copper water tubing shall be made with approved or listed fittings. The tubing shall be expanded with a proper flaring tool. (h) Cast iron soil pipe joints. Approved or listed cast iron pipe may be joined as follows: (1) Approved or listed hub-less pipe and fittings must be permitted to be joined with listed couplings or adapters, per the manufacturer's recommendations. (2) Hub and plain-end soil pipe may be joined by compression fittings per the manufacturer's recommenda… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.6 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.606 Traps and cleanouts. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55014, Oct. 25, 1993; 78 FR 73985, Dec. 9, 2013] | (a) Traps —(1) Traps required. Each plumbing fixture, except listed toilets, shall be separately trapped by approved water seal “P” traps. All traps shall be effectively vented. (2) Combination Fixtures. For the purposes of drainage and ventilation requirements, a two- or three-compartment sink, up to three single sinks, or up to three lavatories may be connected to one “P” trap and considered as a single fixture, so long as the sinks and lavatories are in the same room, have waste outlets not more than 30 inches apart, and have flood level rims at the same level. The “P” trap must be installed at the center fixture when three such fixtures are installed. (3) Prohibited traps. A trap which depends for its seal upon concealed interior partitions shall not be used. Full “S” traps, bell traps, drum traps, crown-vented traps, and running traps are prohibited. Fixtures shall not be double-trapped. (4) Material and design. Each trap shall be self-cleaning with a smooth and uniform interior waterway. Traps shall be manufactured of cast iron, cast brass, or drawn brass tubing of not less than No. 20 Brown and Sharpe gage, or approved or listed plastic, or other approved or listed material. Union joints for a trap shall be beaded to provide a shoulder for the union nut. Each trap shall have the manufacturer's name stamped or cast in the body of the trap, and each tubing trap shall show the gage of the tubing. (5) Trap seal. Each “P” trap shall have a water seal of not less than 2 inches and not more than 4 inches and shall be set true to its seal. (6) Size. Traps shall be not less than 1 1/4 inches in diameter. A trap shall not be larger than the waste pipe to which it is connected. (7) Location. Each trap shall be located as close to its vent and to its fixture outlet as structural conditions will permit. (8) Length of tailpiece. The vertical distance from a trap to the fixture outlet shall not exceed 24 inches. (9) Installation. (i) Grade of trap arm. The piping between a “P” trap and the … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.7 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.607 Plumbing fixtures. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 961, Jan. 4, 1977. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 4586, Feb. 12, 1987; 58 FR 55014, Oct. 25, 1993; 70 FR 72049, Nov. 30, 2005; 71 FR 19639, Apr. 17, 2006; 78 FR 73985, Dec. 9, 2013; 79 FR 31863, June 3, 2014; 89 FR 75752, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) General requirements —(1) Quality of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall have smooth impervious surfaces, be free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, be capable of resisting road shock and vibration, and shall conform in quality and design to listed standards. Fixtures shall be permanently marked with the manufacturer's name or trademark. (2) Strainers. The waste outlet of all plumbing fixtures, other than toilets, shall be equipped with a drain fitting that will provide an adequate unobstructed waterway. (3) Fixture Connections. Fixture tailpieces and continuous wastes in exposed or accessible locations must be of not less than No. 20 Brown and Sharpe gauge seamless drawn-brass tubing or other approved pipe or tubing materials. Inaccessible fixture connections must be constructed according to the requirements for drainage piping. The diameter of each fixture tailpiece, continuous waste, or waste and overflow must be not less than: (i) 1 1/2 inches, for sinks of two or more compartments, dishwashers, clothes washing machines, laundry tubs, bathtubs, and showers; and (ii) Not less than 1 1/4 inches for lavatories or single compartment sinks having a 2-inch maximum drain opening. (4) Concealed connections. Concealed slip joint connections shall be provided with adequately sized unobstructed access panels and shall be accessible for inspection and repair. (5) Directional fitting. An approved or listed “Y” or other directional-type branch fitting shall be installed in every tailpiece or continuous waste that receives the discharge from food waste disposal units, dishwashing, or other force-discharge fixture or appliance. (See also § 3280.607(b)(4)(ii).) (6) Water conservation. All lavatory faucets, showerheads, and sink faucets must not exceed a flow of 2.5 gallons per minute (gpm). (b) Fixtures —(1) Spacing. All plumbing fixtures shall be so installed with regard to spacing as to be reasonably accessible for their intended use. (2) Water closets. (i) Water closets shall be d… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.8 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.608 Hangers and supports. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975, as amended at 86 FR 2521, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) Strains and stresses. Piping in a plumbing system shall be installed without undue strains and stresses, and provision shall be made for expansion, contraction, and structural settlement. (b) Piping supports. Piping must be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipe in alignment and carry the weight of the pipe and contents. Unless otherwise stated in the standards incorporated by reference for specific materials at § 3280.604(a), or unless specified by the pipe manufacturer, horizontal plastic drainage piping must be supported at intervals not to exceed 4 feet and horizontal plastic water piping must be supported at intervals not to exceed 3 feet. Vertical drainage and water piping must be supported at each story height. (c) Hangers and anchors. (1) Hangers and anchors shall be of sufficient strength to support their proportional share of the pipe alignments and prevent rattling. (2) Piping shall be securely attached to the structure by hangers, clamps, or brackets which provide protection against motion, vibration, road shock, or torque in the chassis. (3) Hangers and straps supporting plastic pipe shall not compress, distort, cut or abrade the piping and shall allow free movement of the pipe. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.7.1.9 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | G | Subpart G—Plumbing Systems | § 3280.609 Water distribution systems. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 4586, Feb. 12, 1987; 53 FR 23611, June 23, 1988; 58 FR 55014, Oct. 25, 1993; 78 FR 73986, Dec. 9, 2013; 86 FR 2521, Jan. 12, 2021; 89 FR 75753, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Water supply —(1) Supply piping. Piping systems shall be sized to provide an adequate quantity of water to each plumbing fixture at a flow rate sufficient to keep the fixture in a clean and sanitary condition without any danger of backflow or siphonage. (See table in § 3280.609(f)(1)). The manufacturer shall include in his written installation instructions that the manufactured home has been designed for an inlet water pressure of 80 psi, and a statement that when the manufactured home is to be installed in areas where the water pressure exceeds 80 psi, a pressure reducing valve should be installed. (2) Hot water supply. Each dwelling unit equipped with a kitchen sink, and bathtub and/or shower must be provided with a hot water supply system including a listed water heater. (b) Water outlets and supply connections —(1) Water connection. Each manufactured home with a water distribution system shall be equipped with a 3/4 inch threaded inlet connection. This connection shall be tagged or marked “Fresh Water Connection” (or marked “Fresh Water Fill”). A matching cap or plug shall be provided to seal the water inlet when it is not in use, and shall be permanently attached to the manufactured home or water supply piping. When a master cold water shutoff full flow valve is not installed on the main feeder line in an accessible location, the manufacturer's installation instructions shall indicate that such a valve is to be installed in the water supply line adjacent to the home. When a manufactured home includes expandable rooms or is composed of two or more units, fittings or connectors designed for such purpose shall be provided to connect any water piping. When not connected, the water piping shall be protected by means of matching threaded caps or plugs. (2) Prohibited connections. (i) The installation of potable water supply piping or fixture or appliance connections shall be made in a manner to preclude the possibility of backflow. (ii) No part of the water system shall be connected to any dra… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.8.1.1 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | H | Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems | § 3280.701 Scope. | HUD | Subpart H of this standard covers the heating, cooling and fuel burning equipment installed within, on, or external to a manufactured home. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.8.1.10 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | H | Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems | § 3280.710 Venting, ventilation and combustion air. | HUD | [49 FR 32012, Aug. 9, 1984, as amended at 58 FR 55018, Oct. 25, 1993; 86 FR 2523, Jan. 12, 2021] | (a) The venting as required by § 3280.707(b) shall be accomplished by one or more of the methods given in (a)(1) and (2) of this section: (1) An integral vent system listed or certified as part of the appliance. (2) A venting system consisting entirely of listed components, including roof jack, installed in accordance with the terms of the appliance listing and the appliance manufacturer's instructions. (b) Venting and combustion air systems shall be installed in accordance with the following: (1) Components shall be securely assembled and properly aligned at the factory in accordance with the appliance manufacturer's instructions except vertical or horizontal sections of a fuel fired heating appliance venting system that extend beyond the roof line or outside the wall line may be installed at the site. Sectional venting systems shall be listed for such applications and installed in accordance with the terms of their listings and manufacturers' instructions. In cases where sections of the venting system are removed for transportation, a label shall be permanently attached to the appliance indicating the following: Sections of the venting system have not been installed. Warning-do not operate the appliance until all sections have been assembled and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Sections of the venting system have not been installed. Warning-do not operate the appliance until all sections have been assembled and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. (2) Draft hood connectors shall be firmly attached to draft hood outlets or flue collars by sheet metal screws or by equivalent effective mechanical fasteners. (3) Every joint of a vent, vent connector, exhaust duct and combustion air intake shall be secure and in alignment. (c) Venting systems shall not terminate underneath a manufactured home. (d) Venting systems of fuel-burning appliances must terminate at least three feet above any motor-driven air intake discharging into habitable rooms when located … | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.8.1.11 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | H | Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems | § 3280.711 Instructions. | HUD | [89 FR 75755, Sept. 16, 2024] | Operating instructions for each appliance must be provided with the homeowner's manual. An additional copy of the operating instructions must be provided with each appliance unless the appliance is affixed with a permanent Quick Response (QR) Code. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.8.1.12 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | H | Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems | § 3280.712 Marking. | HUD | (a) Information on clearances, input rating, lighting and shutdown shall be attached to the appliances with the same permanence as the nameplate, and so located that it is easily readable when the appliance is properly installed or shutdown for transporting of manufactured home. (b) Each fuel-burning appliance shall bear permanent marking designating the type(s) of fuel for which it is listed. | |||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.8.1.13 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | H | Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems | § 3280.713 Accessibility. | HUD | [58 FR 55018, Oct. 25, 1993] | Every appliance shall be accessible for inspection, service, repair, and replacement without removing permanent construction. For those purposes, inlet piping supplying the appliance shall not be considered permanent construction. Sufficient room shall be available to enable the operator to observe the burner, control, and ignition means while starting the appliance. | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.8.1.14 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | H | Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems | § 3280.714 Appliances, cooling. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 55018, Oct. 25, 1993; 70 FR 72051, Nov. 30, 2005; 78 FR 73989, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75755, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Every air conditioning unit or a combination air conditioning and heating unit shall be listed or certified by a nationally recognized testing agency for the application for which the unit is intended and installed in accordance with the terms of its listing. (1) Mechanical air conditioners shall be rated in accordance with the ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) and certified by AHRI or other nationally recognized testing agency capable of providing follow-up service. (i) Electric motor-driven unitary air-cooled air conditioners and heat pumps in the cooling mode with rated capacity less than 65,000 BTU/hour (19,045 watts), when rated at AHRI standard rating conditions in ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4), must have seasonal energy efficiency (SEER) values not less than as specified in 10 CFR part 430, Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Energy Conservation Standards. (ii) Heat pumps must be certified to comply with all requirements of the ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). Electric motor-driven vapor compression heat pumps with supplemental electrical resistance heat must be sized to provide by compression at least 60 percent of the calculated annual heating requirements for the manufactured home being served. A control must be provided and set to prevent operation of supplemental electrical resistance heat at outdoor temperatures above 40 °F (4 °C), except for defrost conditions. Electric motor-driven vapor compression heat pumps with supplemental electric resistance heat conforming to ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2, must have Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF) efficiencies not less than as specified in the 10 CFR part 430, Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Energy Conservation Standards. (iii) Electric moto… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.8.1.15 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | H | Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems | § 3280.715 Circulating air systems. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 4589, Feb. 12, 1987; 58 FR 55019, Oct. 25, 1993; 70 FR 72051, Nov. 30, 2005; 78 FR 73989, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75755, Sept. 16, 2024] | (a) Supply system. (1) Supply air ducts, fittings, and any dampers contained there-in must be made of galvanized steel, tin-plated steel, or aluminum, or must be listed as Class 0 or Class 1 air ducts in accordance with UL 181 (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4). Air ducts and air connectors located within three feet of the furnace discharge must be rated to withstand the maximum air discharge temperature of the equipment. Air connectors must not be used for exterior manufactured home duct connections. A duct system integral with the structure must be of durable construction that can be demonstrated to be equally resistant to fire and deterioration as required by this section. Ducts constructed of sheet metal must be in accordance with the following table: Table 1 to Paragraph (a) (1)—Minimum Metal Thickness for Ducts 1 1 When “nominal” thickness are specified, 0.003 in. shall be added to these “minimum” metal thicknesses. (2) Sizing of ducts for heating. (i) Ducts shall be so designed that when a labeled forced-air furnace is installed and operated continuously at its normal heating air circulating rate in the manufactured home, with all registers in the full open position, the static pressure measured in the casing shall not exceed 90% of that shown on the label of the appliance. For upflow furnaces the static pressure shall be taken in the duct plenum. For external heating or combination heating/cooling appliances the static pressure shall be taken at the point used by the agency listing or certifying the appliance. (ii) When an evaporator-coil specifically designed for the particular furnace is installed between the furnace and the duct plenum, the total static pressure shall be measured downstream of the coil in accordance with the appliance label and shall not exceed 90 percent of that shown on the label of the appliance. (iii) When any other listed air-cooler coil is installed between the furnace and the duct plenum, the total static pressure shall be measured between the furnace and the… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.8.1.2 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | H | Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems | § 3280.702 Definitions. | HUD | [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 4586, Feb. 12, 1987; 58 FR 55015, Oct. 25, 1993; 78 FR 73987, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75753, Sept. 16, 2024] | The definitions in this subpart apply to subpart H only. Accessible, when applied to a fixture, connection, appliance or equipment, means having access thereto, but which may require the removal of an access panel, door or similar obstruction. Air conditioner blower coil system means a comfort cooling appliance where the condenser section is placed external to the manufactured home and evaporator section with circulating blower attached to the manufactured home air supply duct system. Provision must be made for a return air system to the evaporator/blower section. Refrigerant connection between the two parts of the system is accomplished by tubing. Air conditioner split system means a comfort cooling appliance where the condenser section is placed external to the manufactured home and the evaporator section incorporated into the heating appliance or with a separate blower/coil section within the manufactured home. Refrigerant connection between the two parts of the system is accomplished by tubing. Air conditioning condenser section means that portion of a refrigerated air cooling or (in the case of a heat pump) heating system which includes the refrigerant pump (compressor) and the external heat exchanger. Air conditioning evaporator section means a heat exchanger used to cool or (in the case of a heat pump) heat air for use in comfort cooling (or heating) the living space. Air conditioning self contained system means a comfort cooling appliance combining the condenser section, evaporator and air circulating blower into one unit with connecting ducts for the supply and return air systems. Air duct means conduits or passageways for conveying air to or from heating, cooling, air conditioning or ventilation equipment, but not including the plenum. Automatic pump (oil lifter) means a pump, not an integral part of the oil-burning appliance, that automatically pumps oil from the supply tank and delivers the oil under a constant head to an oil-burning appliance. Btu. British thermal units means the qu… | ||||
| 24:24:5.1.2.1.2.8.1.3 | 24 | Housing and Urban Development | XX | 3280 | PART 3280—MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS | H | Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems | § 3280.703 Minimum standards. | HUD | [58 FR 55015, Oct. 25, 1993, as amended at 70 FR 72046, Nov. 30, 2005; 78 FR 73987, Dec. 9, 2013; 89 FR 75753, Sept. 16, 2024] | Heating, cooling, and fuel burning appliances and systems in manufactured homes shall be free of defects and shall conform to applicable standards (incorporated by reference, see § 3280.4) in this section unless otherwise specified in this part. When more than one standard is referenced, compliance with any one such standard shall meet the requirements of this part. (a) Appliances. (1) Liquid Fuel-Burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicles—UL 307A. (2) Fixed and Location-Dedicated Electric Room Heaters—UL 2021. (3) Electric Baseboard Heating Equipment—UL 1042. (4) Electric Central Air Heating Equipment—UL 1096. (5) Gas-Burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicles—UL 307B. (6) Gas Clothes Dryers Volume I, Type 1 Clothes Dryers—ANSI Z21.5.1 (CSA Group). (7) Gas-fired Water Heaters, Volume III, Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings Above 75,000 BTU per Hour, Circulating and Instantaneous—ANSI Z21.10.3 (CSA Group). (8) Gas-Fired, Heat Activated Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Appliances—ANSI Z21.40.1 (CSA Group). (9) Gas-Fired Central Furnaces (Except Direct Vent Systems)—ANSI Z21.47(CSA Group). (10) Connectors for Outdoor Gas Appliances and Manufactured Homes—ANSI Z21.75 (CSA Group). (11) Decorative Gas Appliances for Installation in Solid Fuel Burning Fireplaces—RADCO DS-010. (12) Household Cooking Gas Appliances—ANSI Z21.1 (CSA Group). (13) Refrigerators Using Gas Fuel—ANSI Z21.19 (CSA Group). (14) Gas Water Heaters, Volume I, Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings of 75,000 BTU per hour or Less—ANSI Z21.10.1 (CSA Group). (15) Household Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters—UL 174. (16) Household and Similar Electrical Appliances—Part 2-40: Particular Requirements for Electrical Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioners and Dehumidifiers—UL 60335-2-40. (17) Smoke Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems—UL 268. (18) Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms—UL 2034. (19) Electric Heating Appliances—UL 499. (b) Ferrous pipe … |
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CREATE TABLE cfr_sections (
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title_number INTEGER,
title_name TEXT,
chapter TEXT,
subchapter TEXT,
part_number TEXT,
part_name TEXT,
subpart TEXT,
subpart_name TEXT,
section_number TEXT,
section_heading TEXT,
agency TEXT,
authority TEXT,
source_citation TEXT,
amendment_citations TEXT,
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CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_title ON cfr_sections(title_number);
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CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_agency ON cfr_sections(agency);