cfr_sections
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61 rows where part_number = 232 and title_number = 49 sorted by section_id
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.1 Scope. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 66 FR 9906, Feb. 12, 2001; 85 FR 80570, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) This part prescribes Federal safety standards for freight and other non-passenger train brake systems and equipment. Subpart E of this part prescribes Federal safety standards not only for freight and other non-passenger train brake systems and equipment, but also for passenger train brake systems. This part does not restrict a railroad from adopting or enforcing additional or more stringent requirements not inconsistent with this part. (b) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this paragraph or in this part, railroads to which this part applies must comply with all the requirements contained in this part. (c) Except for operations identified in § 232.3(c)(1), (4), and (6) through (8), all railroads part of the general railroad system of transportation must operate pursuant to the requirements in subpart H of this part (which contains the requirements in this part 232 as they existed on May 31, 2001), until they are either required to operate pursuant to the requirements contained in subparts A through G of this part or the requirements contained in part 238 of this chapter. | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.10 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.19 Availability of records. | FRA | Except as otherwise provided, the records and plans required by this part shall be made available to representatives of FRA and States participating under part 212 of this chapter for inspection and copying upon request. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.11 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.21 Information Collection. | FRA | (a) The information collection requirements of this part were reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. ) and are assigned OMB control number 2130-0008. (b) The information collection requirements are found in the following sections: §§ 229.27, 231.31, 232.1, 232.3, 232.7, 232.11, 232.15, 232.17, 232.103, 232.105, 232.107, 232.109, 232.111, 232.203, 232.205, 232.207, 232.209, 232.211, 232.213, 232.303, 232.307, 232.309, 232.403, 232.405, 232.407, 232.409, 232.503, 232.505. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.3 Applicability. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 85 FR 80570, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, this part applies to all railroads that operate freight or other non-passenger train service on standard gage track which is part of the general railroad system of transportation. This includes the operation of circus trains and private cars when hauled on such railroads. (b) Subpart E of this part, “End-of-Train Devices,” applies to all trains operating on track which is part of the general railroad system of transportation unless specifically excepted in that subpart. (c) Except as provided in § 232.1(c) and paragraph (b) of this section, this part does not apply to: (1) A railroad that operates only on track inside an installation that is not part of the general railroad system of transportation. (2) Intercity or commuter passenger train operations on standard gage track which is part of the general railroad system of transportation; (3) Commuter or other short-haul rail passenger train operations in a metropolitan or suburban area (as described by 49 U.S.C. 20102(1)), including public authorities operating passenger train service; (4) Rapid transit operations in an urban area that are not connected with the general railroad system of transportation; (5) Tourist, scenic, historic, or excursion operations, whether on or off the general railroad system; (6) Freight and other non-passenger trains of four-wheel coal cars; (7) Freight and other non-passenger trains of eight-wheel standard logging cars if the height of each car from the top of the rail to the center of the coupling is not more than 25 inches; or (8) A locomotive used in hauling a train referred to in paragraph (c)(7) of this subsection when the locomotive and cars of the train are used only to transport logs. (d) The provisions formerly contained in Interstate Commerce Commission Order 13528, of May 30, 1945, as amended, now revoked, are codified in this paragraph. This part is not applicable to the following equipment: (1) Scale test weight cars. (2) Locomotive cranes,… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.5 Definitions. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17580, Apr. 10, 2002; 73 FR 61552, Oct. 16, 2008; 80 FR 47834, Aug. 6, 2015; 85 FR 80570, Dec. 11, 2020] | The definitions in this section are intended to clarify the meaning of terms used in this part. AAR means the Association of American Railroads. Air brake means a combination of devices operated by compressed air, arranged in a system, and controlled manually, electrically, electronically, or pneumatically, by means of which the motion of a railroad car or locomotive is retarded or arrested. Air flow method indicator, AFM means a calibrated air flow measuring device used as required by the air flow method (AFM) of qualifying train air brakes and with information clearly and legibly displayed in analog or digital format and visible in daylight and darkness from the engineer's normal operating position. Each AFM indicator includes: (1) Markings from 10 to 80 cubic feet per minute (CFM), in increments of 10 CFM or less; and (2) Numerals indicating 20, 40, 60, and 80 CFM for continuous monitoring of air flow. Air repeater unit, ARU means a car, container, or similar device that provides an additional brake pipe air source by responding to air control instructions from a controlling locomotive using a communication system such as a distributed power system. APTA means the American Public Transportation Association. Bind means restrict the intended movement of one or more brake system components by reduced clearance, by obstruction, or by increased friction. Brake, dynamic means a train braking system whereby the kinetic energy of a moving train is used to generate electric current at the locomotive traction motors, which is then dissipated through resistor grids or into the catenary or third rail system. Brake, effective means a brake that is capable of producing its nominally designed retarding force on the train. A car's air brake is not considered effective if it is not capable of producing its nominally designed retarding force or if its piston travel exceeds: (1) 10 1/2 inches for cars equipped with nominal 12-inch stroke brake cylinders; or (2) The piston travel limit indicated on the stenc… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.4 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.7 Waivers. | FRA | (a) Any person subject to a requirement of this part may petition the Administrator for a waiver of compliance with such requirement. The filing of such a petition does not affect that person's responsibility for compliance with that requirement while the petition is being considered. (b) Each petition for waiver must be filed in the manner and contain the information required by part 211 of this chapter. (c) If the Administrator finds that a waiver of compliance is in the public interest and is consistent with railroad safety, the Administrator may grant the waiver subject to any conditions the Administrator deems necessary. If a waiver is granted, the Administrator publishes a notice in the Federal Register containing the reasons for granting the waiver. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.5 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.9 Responsibility for compliance. | FRA | (a) A railroad subject to this part shall not use, haul, permit to be used or hauled on its line, offer in interchange, or accept in interchange any train, railroad car, or locomotive with one or more conditions not in compliance with this part; however, a railroad shall not be liable for a civil penalty for such action if such action is in accordance with § 232.15. For purposes of this part, a train, railroad car, or locomotive will be considered in use prior to departure but after it has received, or should have received, the inspection required for movement and is deemed ready for service. (b) Although many of the requirements of this part are stated in terms of the duties of a railroad, when any person performs any function required by this part, that person (whether or not a railroad) is required to perform that function in accordance with this part. (c) Any person performing any function or task required by this part shall be deemed to have consented to FRA inspection of the person's operation to the extent necessary to determine whether the function or task is being performed in accordance with the requirements of this part. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.6 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.11 Penalties. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 69 FR 30594, May 28, 2004; 72 FR 51197, Sept. 6, 2007; 73 FR 79703, Dec. 30, 2008; 77 FR 24421, Apr. 24, 2012; 81 FR 43111, July 1, 2016; 82 FR 16134, Apr. 3, 2017; 83 FR 60748, Nov. 27, 2018; 84 FR 23736, May 23, 2019; 84 FR 37074, July 31, 2019; 85 FR 80570, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) Any person (including but not limited to a railroad; any manager, supervisor, official, or other employee or agent of a railroad; any owner, manufacturer, lessor, or lessee of railroad equipment, track, or facilities; any employee of such owner, manufacturer, lessor, lessee, or independent contractor) who violates any requirement of this part or causes the violation of any such requirement is subject to a civil penalty of at least the minimum civil monetary penalty and not more than the ordinary maximum civil monetary penalty per violation, except that: Penalties may be assessed against individuals only for willful violations, and, where a grossly negligent violation or a pattern of repeated violations has created an imminent hazard of death or injury to individuals, or has caused death or injury, a penalty not to exceed the aggravated maximum civil monetary penalty per violation may be assessed. See 49 CFR part 209, appendix A. Each day a violation continues shall constitute a separate offense. FRA's website at https://railroads.dot.gov/ contains a schedule of civil penalty amounts used in connection with this part. (b) Any person who knowingly and willfully falsifies a record or report required by this part is subject to criminal penalties under 49 U.S.C. 21311. | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.7 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.13 Preemptive effect. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 73 FR 61552, Oct. 16, 2008] | (a) Under 49 U.S.C. 20106, issuance of the regulations in this part preempts any State law, rule, regulation, order or standard covering the same subject matter, except for a provision necessary to eliminate or reduce a local safety hazard if that provision is not incompatible with this part and does not impose an undue burden on interstate commerce. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to preempt an action under State law seeking damages for personal injury, death, or property damage alleging that a party has failed to comply with the Federal standard of care established by this part, has failed to comply with its own plan, rule, or standard that it created pursuant to this part, or has failed to comply with a State law, regulation, or order that is not incompatible with the first sentence of this paragraph. (b) Preemption should also be considered pursuant to the Locomotive Boiler Inspection Act (now codified at 49 U.S.C. 20701-20703), the Safety Appliance Acts (now codified at 49 U.S.C. 20301-20304), and the Commerce Clause based on the relevant case law pertaining to preemption under those provisions. (c) FRA does not intend by issuance of the regulations in this part to preempt provisions of State criminal law that impose sanctions for reckless conduct that leads to actual loss of life, injury, or damage to property, whether such provisions apply specifically to railroad employees or generally to the public at large. | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.8 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.15 Movement of defective equipment. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17580, Apr. 10, 2002] | (a) General provision. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a railroad car or locomotive with one or more conditions not in compliance with this part may be used or hauled without civil penalty liability under this part only if all of the following conditions are met: (1) The defective car or locomotive is properly equipped in accordance with the applicable provisions of 49 U.S.C. chapter 203 and the requirements of this part. (2) The car or locomotive becomes defective while it is being used by the railroad on its line or becomes defective on the line of a connecting railroad and is properly accepted in interchange for repairs in accordance with paragraph (a)(7) of this section. (3) The railroad first discovers the defective condition of the car or locomotive prior to moving it for repairs. (4) The movement of the defective car or locomotive for repairs is from the location where the car or locomotive is first discovered defective by the railroad. (5) The defective car or locomotive cannot be repaired at the location where the railroad first discovers it to be defective. (6) The movement of the car or locomotive is necessary to make repairs to the defective condition. (7) The location to which the car or locomotive is being taken for repair is the nearest available location where necessary repairs can be performed on the line of the railroad where the car or locomotive was first found to be defective or is the nearest available location where necessary repairs can be performed on the line of a connecting railroad if: (i) The connecting railroad elects to accept the defective car or locomotive for such repair; and (ii) The nearest available location where necessary repairs can be performed on the line of the connecting railroad is no farther than the nearest available location where necessary repairs can be performed on the line of the railroad where the car or locomotive was found defective. (8) The movement of the defective car or locomotive for repairs is not by a train required t… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.1.83.9 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | A | Subpart A—General | § 232.17 Special approval procedure. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17580, Apr. 10, 2002; 73 FR 61552, Oct. 16, 2008; 74 FR 25174, May 27, 2009; 85 FR 80570, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) General. The following procedures govern consideration and action upon requests for special approval of a plan under § 232.15(g); an alternative standard under § 232.305 or § 232.603; an alternative technology under § 232.407(b) or (c); or a single car test procedure under § 232.611; and pre-revenue service acceptance testing plans under subpart F of this part. (b) Petitions for special approval of an alternative standard or test procedure. Each petition for special approval of a plan under § 232.15(g); an alternative standard under § 232.305 or § 232.603; an alternative technology under § 232.407(b) or (c); or a single car test procedure under § 232.611 shall contain: (1) The name, title, address, and telephone number of the primary person to be contacted with regard to review of the petition; (2) The plan, alternative standard, alternative technology, or test procedure proposed, in detail, to be submitted for or to meet the particular requirement of this part; (3) Appropriate data or analysis, or both, for FRA to consider in determining whether the plan, alternative standard, alternative technology, or test procedure, will be consistent with the guidance under § 232.15(f), if applicable, and will provide at least an equivalent level of safety or otherwise meet the requirements contained in this part; and (4) A statement affirming that the railroad has served a copy of the petition on designated representatives of its employees, together with a list of the names and addresses of the persons served. (c) Petitions for special approval of pre-revenue service acceptance testing plan. Each petition for special approval of a pre-revenue service acceptance testing plan shall contain: (1) The name, title, address, and telephone number of the primary person to be contacted with regard to review of the petition; and (2) The elements prescribed in § 232.505. (d) Service. (1) Each petition for special approval under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section shall be submitted to the Associate Administrator f… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.2.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | B | Subpart B—General Requirements | § 232.101 Scope. | FRA | This subpart contains general operating, performance, and design requirements for each railroad that operates freight or other non-passenger trains and for specific equipment used in those operations. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.2.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | B | Subpart B—General Requirements | § 232.103 General requirements for all train brake systems. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17581, Apr. 10, 2002; 73 FR 61553, Oct. 16, 2008; 74 FR 25174, May 27, 2009; 80 FR 47834, Aug. 6, 2015; 85 FR 80571, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) The primary brake system of a train shall be capable of stopping the train with a service application from its maximum operating speed within the signal spacing existing on the track over which the train is operating. (b) If the integrity of the train line of a train brake system is broken, the train shall be stopped. If a train line uses other than solely pneumatic technology, the integrity of the train line shall be monitored by the brake control system. (c) A train brake system shall respond as intended to signals from the train line. (d) One hundred percent of the brakes on a train shall be effective and operative brakes prior to use or departure from any location where a Class I brake test is required to be performed on the train pursuant to § 232.205. (e) A train shall not move if less than 85 percent of the cars in that train have operative and effective brakes. (f) Each car in a train shall have its air brakes in effective operating condition unless the car is being moved for repairs in accordance with §§ 232.15 and 232.609. The air brakes on a car are not in effective operating condition if its brakes are cut-out or otherwise inoperative or if the piston travel exceeds: (1) 10 1/2 inches for cars equipped with nominal 12-inch stroke brake cylinders; or (2) The piston travel limits indicated on the stencil, sticker, or badge plate for the brake cylinder with which the car is equipped. (g) Except for cars equipped with nominal 12-inch stroke (8 1/2 and 10-inch diameters) brake cylinders, all cars shall have a legible decal, stencil, or sticker affixed to the car or shall be equipped with a badge plate displaying the permissible brake cylinder piston travel range for the car at Class I brake tests and the length at which the piston travel renders the brake ineffective, if different from Class I brake test limits. The decal, stencil, sticker, or badge plate shall be located so that it may be easily read and understood by a person positioned safely beside the car. (h) All equipment ordered on… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.2.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | B | Subpart B—General Requirements | § 232.105 General requirements for locomotives. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 80 FR 47835, Aug. 6, 2015] | (a) The air brake equipment on a locomotive shall be in safe and suitable condition for service. (b) All locomotives ordered on or after August 1, 2002, or placed in service for the first time on or after April 1, 2004, shall be equipped with a hand or parking brake that is: (1) Capable of application or activation by hand; (2) Capable of release by hand; and (3) Capable of holding the unit on a three (3) percent grade. (c) On locomotives so equipped, the hand or parking brake as well as its parts and connections shall be inspected, and necessary repairs made, as often as service requires but no less frequently than every 368 days. The date of the last inspection shall be either entered on Form FRA F 6180-49A or suitably stenciled or tagged on the locomotive. (d) The amount of leakage from the equalizing reservoir on locomotives and related piping shall be zero, unless the system is capable of maintaining the set pressure at any service application with the brakes control valve in the freight position. If such leakage is detected en route, the train may be moved only to the nearest forward location where the equalizing-reservoir leakage can be corrected. On locomotives equipped with electronic brakes, if the system logs or displays a fault related to equalizing reservoir leakage, the train may be moved only to the nearest forward location where the necessary repairs can be made. (e) Use of the feed or regulating valve to control braking is prohibited. (f) The passenger position on the locomotive brake control stand shall be used only if the trailing equipment is designed for graduated brake release or if equalizing reservoir leakage occurs en route and its use is necessary to safely control the movement of the train until it reaches the next forward location where the reservoir leakage can be corrected. (g) When taking charge of a locomotive or locomotive consist, an engineer must know that the brakes are in operative condition. (h)(1) After March 1, 2017, each locomotive left unattended outside of a ya… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.2.83.4 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | B | Subpart B—General Requirements | § 232.107 Air source requirements and cold weather operations. | FRA | (a) Monitoring plans for yard air sources. (1) A railroad shall adopt and comply with a written plan to monitor all yard air sources, other than locomotives, to determine that they operate as intended and do not introduce contaminants into the brake system of freight equipment. (2) This plan shall require the railroad to: (i) Inspect each yard air source at least two times per calendar year, no less than five months apart, to determine it operates as intended and does not introduce contaminants into the brake system of the equipment it services. (ii) Identify yard air sources found not to be operating as intended or found introducing contaminants into the brake system of the equipment it services. (iii) Repair or take other remedial action regarding any yard air source identified under paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section. (3) A railroad shall maintain records of the information and actions required by paragraph (a)(2). These records shall be maintained for a period of at least one year from the date of creation and may be maintained either electronically or in writing. (b) Condensation and other contaminants shall be blown from the pipe or hose from which compressed air is taken prior to connecting the yard air line or motive power to the train. (c) No chemicals which are known to degrade or harm brake system components shall be placed in the train air brake system. (d) Yard air reservoirs shall either be equipped with an operable automatic drain system or be manually drained at least once each day that the devices are used or more often if moisture is detected in the system. (e) A railroad shall adopt and comply with detailed written operating procedures tailored to the equipment and territory of that railroad to cover safe train operations during cold weather. For purposes of this provision, “cold weather” means when the ambient temperature drops below 10 degrees Fahrenheit (F) (minus 12.2 degrees Celsius). | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.2.83.5 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | B | Subpart B—General Requirements | § 232.109 Dynamic brake requirements. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17581, Apr. 10, 2002] | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, a locomotive engineer shall be informed of the operational status of the dynamic brakes on all locomotive units in the consist at the initial terminal for a train and at other locations where a locomotive engineer first begins operation of a train. The information required by this paragraph may be provided to the locomotive engineer by any means determined to be appropriate by the railroad; however, a written or electronic record of the information shall be maintained in the cab of the controlling locomotive. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, all inoperative dynamic brakes shall be repaired within 30 calendar days of becoming inoperative or at the locomotive's next periodic inspection pursuant to § 229.23 of this chapter, whichever occurs first. (c) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, a locomotive discovered with inoperative dynamic brakes shall have a tag bearing the words “inoperative dynamic brake” securely attached and displayed in a conspicuous location in the cab of the locomotive. This tag shall contain the following information: (1) The locomotive number; (2) The name of the discovering carrier; (3) The location and date where condition was discovered; and (4) The signature of the person discovering the condition. (d) An electronic or written record of repairs made to a locomotive's dynamic brakes shall be retained for 92 days. (e) A railroad may elect to declare the dynamic brakes on a locomotive deactivated without removing the dynamic brake components from the locomotive, only if all of the following conditions are met: (1) The locomotive is clearly marked with the words “dynamic brake deactivated” in a conspicuous location in the cab of the locomotive; and (2) The railroad has taken appropriate action to ensure that the deactivated locomotive is incapable of utilizing dynamic brake effort to retard or control train speed. (f) If a locomotive consist is intended to have its dynamic brakes used wh… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.2.83.6 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | B | Subpart B—General Requirements | § 232.111 Train handling information. | FRA | (a) A railroad shall adopt and comply with written procedures to ensure that a train crew employed by the railroad is given accurate information on the condition of the train brake system and train factors affecting brake system performance and testing when the crew takes over responsibility for the train. The information required by this paragraph may be provided to the locomotive engineer by any means determined appropriate by the railroad; however, a written or electronic record of the information shall be maintained in the cab of the controlling locomotive. (b) The procedures shall require that each train crew taking charge of a train be informed of: (1) The total weight and length of the train, based on the best information available to the railroad; (2) Any special weight distribution that would require special train handling procedures; (3) The number and location of cars with cut-out or otherwise inoperative brakes and the location where they will be repaired; (4) If a Class I or Class IA brake test is required prior to the next crew change point, the location at which that test shall be performed; and (5) Any train brake system problems encountered by the previous crew of the train. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.201 Scope. | FRA | This subpart contains the inspection and testing requirements for brake systems used in freight and other non-passenger trains. This subpart also contains general training requirements for railroad and contract personnel used to perform the required inspections and tests. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.10 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.219 Double-heading and helper service. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17584, Apr. 10, 2002; 85 FR 80573, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) When more than one locomotive is attached to a train, the engineer of the controlling locomotive shall operate the brakes. In case it becomes necessary for the controlling locomotive to give up control of the train short of the destination of the train, a Class III brake test pursuant to § 232.211 shall be made to ensure that the brakes are operative from the automatic brake valve of the locomotive taking control of the train. (b) When one or more helper locomotives are placed in a train, a visual inspection shall be made of each helper locomotive brake system to determine that the brake system operates as intended in response to a 20-psi reduction initiated from the controlling locomotive of the train. A helper locomotive with inoperative or ineffective brakes shall be repaired prior to use or removed from the train. (c) If a helper locomotive utilizes a Helper Link device or a similar technology, the locomotive and device shall be equipped, designed, and maintained as follows: (1) The locomotive engineer shall be notified by a distinctive alarm of any loss of communication between the device and the two-way end-of-train device of more than 25 seconds; (2) A method to reset the device shall be provided in the cab of the helper locomotive that can be operated from the engineer's usual position during operation of the locomotive. Alternatively, the helper locomotive or the device shall be equipped with a means to automatically reset the device, provided that the automatic reset occurs within the period time permitted for manual reset of the device; and (3) When helping trains equipped with distributed power or ECP brakes on the rear of the train, and utilizing a Helper Link device or a similar technology, a properly installed and tested end-of-train device may be utilized on the helper locomotive. Railroads must adopt and comply with an operating rule consistent with this chapter to ensure the safe use of this alternative procedure. (4) The device shall be tested for accuracy and calibrated if necessar… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.203 Training requirements. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17581, Apr. 10, 2002; 79 FR 66501, Nov. 7, 2014; 85 FR 80571, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) Each railroad and each contractor shall adopt and comply with a training, qualification, and designation program for its employees that perform brake system inspections, tests, or maintenance. For purposes of this section, a “contractor” is defined as a person under contract with the railroad or car owner. The records required by this section may be maintained either electronically or in writing. (b) As part of this program, the railroad or contractor shall: (1) Identify the tasks related to the inspection, testing, and maintenance of the brake system required by this part that must be performed by the railroad or contractor and identify the skills and knowledge necessary to perform each task. (2) Develop or incorporate a training curriculum that includes both classroom and “hands-on” lessons designed to impart the skills and knowledge identified as necessary to perform each task. The developed or incorporated training curriculum shall specifically address the Federal regulatory requirements contained in this part that are related to the performance of the tasks identified. (3) Require all employees to successfully complete a training curriculum that covers the skills and knowledge the employee will need to possess in order to perform the tasks required by this part that the employee will be responsible for performing, including the specific Federal regulatory requirements contained in this part related to the performance of a task for which the employee will be responsible; (4) Require all employees to pass a written or oral examination covering the skills and knowledge the employee will need to possess in order to perform the tasks required by this part that the employee will be responsible for performing, including the specific Federal regulatory requirements contained in this part related to the performance of a task for which the employee will be responsible for performing; (5) Require all employees to individually demonstrate “hands-on” capability by successfully applying the skills and knowledge … | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.205 Class I brake test-initial terminal inspection. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17582, Apr. 10, 2002; 73 FR 61553, Oct. 16, 2008; 85 FR 80571, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) Each train and each car in the train shall receive a Class I brake test as described in paragraph (c) of this section by a qualified person, as defined in § 232.5, at the following points: (1) The location where the train is originally assembled (“initial terminal”); (2) A location where the train consist is changed other than by: (i) Adding a single car or a solid block of cars, except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section; (ii) Removing a single car or a solid block of cars; (iii) Removing cars determined to be defective under this chapter; or (iv) A combination of the changes listed in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(iii) of this section (See §§ 232.209 and 232.211 for requirements related to the pick-up of cars and solid blocks of cars en route.); (3) A location where the train is off-air for a period of more than 24 hours. (4) A location where a unit or cycle train has traveled 3,000 miles since its last Class I brake test; and (5) A location where the train is received in interchange if the train consist is changed other than by: (i) Removing a car or a solid block of cars from the train; (ii) Adding a previously tested car or a previously tested solid block of cars to the train; (iii) Changing motive power; (iv) Removing or changing the caboose; or (v) Any combination of the changes listed in paragraphs (a)(5) of this section. (A) If changes other than those contained in paragraph (a)(5)(i)-(a)(5)(v) of this section are made to the train consist when it is received in interchange and the train will move 20 miles or less, then the railroad may conduct a brake test pursuant to § 232.209 on those cars added to the train. (B) [Reserved] (b) Except as provided in § 232.209, each car and each solid block of cars added to a train shall receive a Class I brake test as described in paragraph (c) of this section at the location where it is added to a train unless: (1) The solid block of cars is comprised of cars from a single previous train, the cars of which have previously recei… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.4 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.207 Class IA brake tests—1,000-mile inspection. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17582, Apr. 10, 2002; 85 FR 80572, Dec. 11, 2020; 90 FR 28172, July 1, 2025] | (a) Except as provided in § 232.213, each train shall receive a Class IA brake test performed by a qualified person, as defined in § 232.5, at a location that is not more than 1,000 miles from the point where any car in the train last received a Class I or Class IA brake test. The most restrictive car or block of cars in the train shall determine the location of this test. (b) A Class IA brake test of a train shall consist of the following tasks and requirements: (1) Brake pipe leakage shall not exceed 5 psi per minute, or air flow shall not exceed 60 cubic feet per minute (CFM). The brake pipe leakage test or air flow method test shall be conducted pursuant to the requirements contained in § 232.205(c)(1); (2) The inspector shall position himself/herself, taking positions on each side of each car sometime during the inspection process, so as to be able to examine and observe the functioning of all moving parts of the brake system on each car in order to make the determinations and inspections required by this section; (3) The air brake system shall be charged to the pressure at which the train will be operated, and the pressure at the rear of the train shall be within 15 psi of the pressure at which the train will be operated, but not less than 75 psi, as indicated by an accurate gauge or end-of-train device at rear end of train; (4) The brakes on each car shall apply in response to a 20-psi brake pipe service reduction and shall remain applied until the release is initiated by the controlling locomotive. A car found with brakes that fail to apply or remain applied may be retested and remain in the train if the retest is conducted as prescribed in § 232.205(c)(4); otherwise, the defective equipment may only be moved pursuant to the provisions contained in § 232.15, if applicable; (5) Brake rigging shall be properly secured and shall not bind or foul or otherwise adversely affect the operation of the brake system; and (6) All parts of the brake equipment shall be properly secured. (c) A railroad shall des… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.5 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.209 Class II brake tests—intermediate inspection. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17583, Apr. 10, 2002; 85 FR 80572, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) At a location other than the initial terminal of a train, a Class II brake test must be performed by a qualified person, as defined in § 232.5, on the following equipment when added to a train: (1) Each car or solid block of cars, as defined in § 232.5, that has not previously received a Class I brake test or that has been off-air for more than 24 hours; (2) Each solid block of cars, as defined in § 232.5, that is comprised of cars from more than one previous train; and (3) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, each solid block of cars that is comprised of cars from only one previous train, the cars of which have not remained continuously and consecutively coupled together with the train line remaining connected since being removed from the previous train. A solid block of cars is considered to have remained continuously and consecutively coupled together with the train line remaining connected since being removed from the previous train if it has been changed only by removing defective equipment. (4) Each solid block of cars that is comprised of cars from a single previous train, the cars of which were required to be separated into multiple solid blocks of cars due to space or trackage constraints at a particular location when removed from the previous train, if they are not added in the same relative order as when removed from the previous train or if the cars in each of the multiple blocks of cars have not remained continuously and consecutively coupled together with the train line remaining connected, except for the removal of defective equipment. (b) A Class II brake test shall consist of the following tasks and requirements: (1) Brake pipe leakage shall not exceed 5 psi per minute, or air flow shall not exceed 60 cubic feet per minute (CFM). The brake pipe leakage test or air flow method test shall be conducted on the entire train pursuant to the requirements contained in § 232.205(c)(1); (2) The air brake system shall be charged to the pressure at which the train will be operat… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.6 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.211 Class III brake tests-trainline continuity inspection. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17583, Apr. 10, 2002; 85 FR 80572, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) A Class III brake test shall be performed on a train by a qualified person, as defined in § 232.5, to test the train brake system when the configuration of the train has changed in certain ways. In particular, a Class III brake test shall be performed at the location where any of the following changes in the configuration of the train occur: (1) Where a locomotive or a caboose is changed; (2) Where a car or a block of cars is removed from the train with the consist otherwise remaining intact; (3) At a point, other than the initial terminal for the train, where a car or a solid block of cars that is comprised of cars from only one previous train the cars of which: (i) Have remained continuously and consecutively coupled together with the trainline remaining connected, other than for removing defective equipment, since being removed from its previous train that has previously received a Class I brake test; and (ii) That has not been off-air for more than 24 hours is added to a train; (4) At a point, other than the initial terminal for the train, where a solid block of cars that is comprised of cars from a single previous train is added to a train, provided: (i) The solid block of cars was required to be separated into multiple solid blocks of cars due to space or trackage constraints at a particular location when removed from the previous train; (ii) The cars have previously received a Class I brake test; (iii) Have not been off-air more than 24 hours; and (iv) The cars in each of the multiple blocks of cars have remained continuously and consecutively coupled together with the train line remaining connected, except for the removal of defective equipment. Furthermore, these multiple solid blocks of cars must be added to the train in the same relative order (no reclassification) as when removed from the previous train, except for the removal of defective equipment; or (5) At a point, other than the initial terminal for the train, where a car or a solid block of cars that has received a Class I or Clas… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.7 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.213 Extended haul trains. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17583, Apr. 10, 2002; 73 FR 61553, Oct. 16, 2008; 84 FR 23736, May 23, 2019; 85 FR 80572, Dec. 11, 2020; 90 FR 28172, July 1, 2025] | (a) A railroad may be permitted to move a train up to, but not exceeding, 1,500 miles between brake tests and inspections if the railroad designates a train as an extended haul train. In order for a railroad to designate a train as an extended haul train, all of the following requirements must be met: (1) The railroad must designate the train in writing to FRA's MP&E Division. This designation must include the following: (i) The train identification symbol or identification of the location where extended haul trains will originate and a description of the trains that will be operated as extended haul trains from those locations; (ii) The origination and destination points for the train; (iii) The locations where all train brake and mechanical inspections and tests will be performed. (2) A Class I brake test pursuant to § 232.205 shall be performed at the initial terminal for the train by a qualified mechanical inspector as defined in § 232.5. (3) A freight car inspection pursuant to part 215 of this chapter shall be performed at the initial terminal for the train and shall be performed by an inspector designated under § 215.11 of this chapter. (4) All cars having conditions not in compliance with part 215 of this chapter at the initial terminal for the train shall be either repaired or removed from the train. Except for a car developing such a condition en route, no car shall be moved pursuant to the provisions of § 215.9 of this chapter in the train. (5) The train must have no more than one pick-up and one set-out en route, except for the set-out of defective equipment pursuant to the requirements of this chapter. Cars added to the train en route must be inspected pursuant to the requirements contained in paragraphs (a)(2) through (5) of this section at the location where they are added to the train. (6) In order for an extended haul train to proceed beyond 1,500 miles, the following requirements shall be met: (i) If the train will move 1,000 miles or less from that location before receiving a Class IA… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.8 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.215 Transfer train brake tests. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17583, Apr. 10, 2002] | (a) A transfer train, as defined in § 232.5, shall receive a brake test performed by a qualified person, as defined in § 232.5, that includes the following: (1) The air brake hoses shall be coupled between all freight cars; (2) After the brake system is charged to not less than 60 psi as indicated by an accurate gauge or end-of-train device at the rear of the train, a 15-psi service brake pipe reduction shall be made; and (3) An inspection shall be made to determine that the brakes on each car apply and remain applied until the release is initiated by the controlling locomotive. A car found with brakes that fail to apply or remain applied may be retested and remain in the train if the retest is conducted as prescribed in § 232.205(c)(4); otherwise, the defective equipment may be moved only pursuant to the provisions contained in § 232.15, if applicable; (b) Cars added to transfer trains en route shall be inspected pursuant to the requirements contained in paragraph (a) of this section at the location where the cars are added to the train. (c) If a train's movement will exceed 20 miles or is not a transfer train as defined in § 232.5, the train shall receive a Class I brake test in accordance with § 232.205 prior to departure. | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.3.83.9 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | C | Subpart C—Inspection and Testing Requirements | § 232.217 Train brake tests conducted using yard air. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17583, Apr. 10, 2002; 85 FR 80573, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) When a train air brake system is tested from a yard air source, an engineer's brake valve or a suitable test device shall be used to provide any increase or reduction of brake pipe air pressure at the same, or slower, rate as an engineer's brake valve. (b) The yard air test device must be connected to the end of the train or block of cars that will be nearest to the controlling locomotive. However, if the railroad adopts and complies with written procedures to ensure that potential overcharge conditions to the train brake system are avoided, the yard air test device may be connected to other than the end nearest to the controlling locomotive. (c) Except as provided in this section, when yard air is used the train air brake system must be charged and tested as prescribed by § 232.205(c) and when practicable should be kept charged until road motive power is coupled to train, after which, a Class III brake test shall be performed as prescribed by § 232.211. (1) If the cars are off-air for more than 24 hours, the cars must be retested in accordance with § 232.205(c) through (f). (2) At a minimum, yard air pressure shall be 60 psi at the end of the consist or block of cars opposite from the yard test device and shall be within 15 psi of the regulator valve setting on yard test device. (3) If the air pressure of the yard test device is less than 80 psi, then a brake pipe leakage or air flow test shall be conducted at the operating pressure of the train when the locomotives are attached in accordance with § 232.205(c)(1). (d) Mechanical yard air test devices and gauges shall be calibrated every 92 days. Electronic yard test devices and gauges shall be calibrated annually. Mechanical and electronic yard air test devices and gauges shall be calibrated so that they are accurate to within ±3 psi. (e) If used to test a train, a yard air test device and any yard air test equipment shall be accurate and function as intended. | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.4.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | D | Subpart D—Periodic Maintenance and Testing Requirements | § 232.301 Scope. | FRA | This subpart contains the periodic brake system maintenance and testing requirements for equipment used in freight and other non-passenger trains. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.4.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | D | Subpart D—Periodic Maintenance and Testing Requirements | § 232.303 General requirements. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 66 FR 39687, Aug. 1, 2001; 67 FR 17584, Apr. 10, 2002; 73 FR 61553, Oct. 16, 2008] | (a) Definitions. The following definitions are intended solely for the purpose of identifying what constitutes a shop or repair track under this subpart. (1) Shop or repair track means: (i) A fixed repair facility or track designated by the railroad as a shop or repair track; (ii) A fixed repair facility or track which is regularly and consistently used to perform major repairs; (iii) Track which is used at a location to regularly and consistently perform both minor and major repairs where the railroad has not designated a certain portion of that trackage as a repair track; (iv) A track designated by a railroad as a track where minor repairs will be conducted or used by a railroad to regularly and consistently perform minor repairs during the period when the track is used to conduct major repairs; however, such trackage is considered a shop or repair track only for each car receiving major repairs on such trackage and not for a car receiving only minor repairs; and (v) The facilities and tracks identified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) shall be considered shop or repair tracks regardless of whether a mobile repair vehicle is used to conduct the repairs. (2) Major repair means a repair that normally would require greater than four person-hours to accomplish or would involve the use of specialized tools and equipment. Major repairs include such activities as coupler replacement, draft gear repair, and repairs requiring the use of an air jack but exclude changing wheels on intermodal loading ramps either with or without an air jack. (3) Minor repair means repairs, other than major repairs, that can be accomplished in a short period of time with limited tools and equipment. Minor repairs would include such things as safety appliance straightening, handhold replacement, air hose replacement, lading adjustment, and coupler knuckle or knuckle pin replacement. (b) A car on a shop or repair track shall be tested to determine that the air brakes apply and remain applied until a release is initi… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.4.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | D | Subpart D—Periodic Maintenance and Testing Requirements | § 232.305 Single car air brake tests. | FRA | [66 FR 39688, Aug. 1, 2001, as amended at 73 FR 61553, Oct. 16, 2008; 74 FR 25174, May 27, 2009; 85 FR 80573, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) Single car air brake tests must be performed by a qualified person in accordance with either Section 3.0, “Tests-Standard Freight Brake Equipment,” and Section 4.0, “Special Tests,” AAR Standard S-486-18; Section 3.0, “Single-Car Test Requirements,” Section 4.0, “Special Tests,” and Section 13.0 “4-Pressure Single-Car Test Requirements,” AAR Standard S-4027-18; an alternative procedure approved by FRA pursuant to § 232.17; or a modified procedure approved in accordance with the provisions contained in § 232.307. (b) Except as provided in § 232.303(e), a railroad shall perform a single car air brake test on a car when: (1) A car has its brakes cut-out or inoperative when removed from a train or when placed on a shop or repair track, as defined in § 232.303(a); (2) A car is on a shop or repair track, as defined in § 232.303(a), for any reason and has not received either: (i) A manual single car air brake test (AAR Standard S-486) within the previous 12-month period; (ii) An automated single car air brake test (AAR Standard S-4027 §§ 3.0 and 4.0) within the previous 24-month period; (iii) Or a 4-pressure single car air brake test (AAR Standard S-4027 § 13.0) within the previous 48-month period; (3) A car is found with missing or incomplete single car air brake test information; (4) One or more of the following conventional air brake equipment items is removed, repaired, or replaced: (i) Brake reservoir; (ii) Control valve mounting gasket; (iii) Pipe bracket stud; (iv) Service portion; (v) Emergency portion; or (vi) Pipe bracket. (5) A car is found with one or more of the following wheel defects: (i) Built-up tread, unless known to be caused by hand brake left applied; (ii) Slid flat wheel, unless known to be caused by hand brake left applied; or (iii) Thermal cracks. (c) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, each car shall receive a single car air brake test no less than every 5 years. (d) Each car shall receive a single car air brake test no less than 8 years from the date the… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.4.83.4 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | D | Subpart D—Periodic Maintenance and Testing Requirements | § 232.307 Modification of brake test procedures. | FRA | [66 FR 39688, Aug. 1, 2001, as amended at 74 FR 25174, May 27, 2009; 85 FR 80573, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) Request. The AAR or other authorized representative of the railroad industry may seek modification of brake test procedures prescribed in this chapter. The request for modification shall be submitted to the Associate Administrator for Safety, Federal Railroad Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590 and shall contain: (1) The name, title, address, and telephone number of the primary person to be contacted with regard to review of the modification; (2) The section and paragraph at issue, and the modification, in detail, to be substituted for a particular procedure prescribed in this chapter; (3) Appropriate data or analysis, or both, for FRA to consider in determining whether the modification will provide at least an equivalent level of safety; and (4) A statement affirming that the railroad industry has served a copy of the request on the designated representatives of the employees responsible for the equipment's operation, inspection, testing, and maintenance under this part, together with a list of the names and addresses of the persons served. (b) Federal Register document. Upon receipt of a request for modification, FRA will publish a document in the Federal Register containing the requested modification. The document will permit interested parties 60 days to comment on any requested modification. (c) FRA review. During the 60 days provided for public comment, FRA will review the petition. If FRA objects to the requested modification, written notification will be provided, within this 60-day period, to the party requesting the modification detailing FRA's objection. (d) Disposition. (1) If no comment objecting to the requested modification is received during the 60-day comment period, provided by paragraph (b) of this section, or if FRA does not issue a written objection to the requested modification, the modification will become effective 15 days after the close of the 60-day comment period. (2) If an objection is raised by an interested party, during the 60-day c… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.4.83.5 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | D | Subpart D—Periodic Maintenance and Testing Requirements | § 232.309 Equipment and devices used to perform single car air brake tests. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 66 FR 39689, Aug. 1, 2001] | (a) Equipment and devices used to perform single car air brake tests shall be tested for correct operation at least once each calendar day of use. (b) Except for single car test devices, mechanical test devices such as pressure gauges, flow meters, orifices, etc. shall be calibrated once every 92 days. (c) Electronic test devices shall be calibrated at least once every 365 days. (d) Test equipment and single car test devices placed in service shall be tagged or labeled with the date its next calibration is due. (e) Each single car test device shall be tested not less frequently than every 92 days after being placed in service and may not continue in service if more than one year has passed since its last 92-day test. (f) Each single car test device shall be disassembled and cleaned not less frequently than every 365 days after being placed in service. | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.5.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | E | Subpart E—End-of-Train Devices | § 232.401 Scope. | FRA | This subpart contains the requirements related to the performance, operation, and testing of end-of-train devices. Unless expressly excepted in this subpart, the requirements of this subpart apply to all trains operating on track which is part of the general railroad system of transportation. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.5.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | E | Subpart E—End-of-Train Devices | § 232.403 Design standards for one-way end-of-train devices. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 85 FR 80574, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) General. A one-way end-of-train device shall be comprised of a rear-of-train unit (rear unit) located on the last car of a train and a front-of-train unit (front unit) located in the cab of the locomotive controlling the train. (b) Rear unit. The rear unit shall be capable of determining the brake pipe pressure on the rear car and transmitting that information to the front unit for display to the locomotive engineer. The rear unit shall be— (1) Capable of measuring the brake pipe pressure on the rear car with an accuracy of ±3 pounds per square inch (psig) and brake pipe pressure variations of ±1 psig; (2) Equipped with a “bleeder valve” that permits the release of any air under pressure from the rear of train unit or the associated air hoses prior to detaching the rear unit from the brake pipe; (3) Designed so that an internal failure will not cause an undesired emergency brake application; (4) Equipped with either an air gauge or a means of visually displaying the rear unit's brake pipe pressure measurement; and (5) Equipped with a pressure relief safety valve to prevent explosion from a high pressure air leak inside the rear unit. (c) Reporting rate. Multiple data transmissions from the rear unit shall occur immediately after a variation in the rear car brake pipe pressure of ±2 psig and at intervals of not greater than 70 seconds when the variation in the rear car brake pipe pressure over the 70-second interval is less than ±2 psig. (d) Operating environment. The rear unit shall be designed to meet the performance requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section under the following environmental conditions: (1) At temperatures from −40 °C to 60 °C; (2) At a relative humidity of 95% noncondensing at 50 °C; (3) At altitudes of zero to 12,000 feet mean sea level; (4) During vertical and lateral vibrations of 1 to 15 Hz., with 0.5 g. peak to peak, and 15 to 500 Hz., with 5 g. peak to peak; (5) During the longitudinal vibrations of 1 to 15 Hz., with 3 g. peak to peak, and 15 to 500 H… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.5.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | E | Subpart E—End-of-Train Devices | § 232.405 Design and performance standards for two-way end-of-train devices. | FRA | Two-way end-of-train devices shall be designed and perform with the features applicable to one-way end-of-train devices described in § 232.403, except those included in § 232.403(b)(3). In addition, a two-way end-of-train device shall be designed and perform with the following features: (a) An emergency brake application command from the front unit of the device shall activate the emergency air valve at the rear of the train within one second. (b) The rear unit of the device shall send an acknowledgment message to the front unit immediately upon receipt of an emergency brake application command. The front unit shall listen for this acknowledgment and repeat the brake application command if the acknowledgment is not correctly received. (c) The rear unit, on receipt of a properly coded command, shall open a valve in the brake line and hold it open for a minimum of 15 seconds. This opening of the valve shall cause the brake line to vent to the exterior. (d) The valve opening shall have a minimum diameter of 3/4 inch and the internal diameter of the hose shall be 5/8 inch to effect an emergency brake application. (e) The front unit shall have a manually operated switch which, when activated, shall initiate an emergency brake transmission command to the rear unit or the locomotive shall be equipped with a manually operated switch on the engineer control stand designed to perform the equivalent function. The switch shall be labeled “Emergency” and shall be protected so that there will exist no possibility of accidental activation. (f) All locomotives ordered on or after August 1, 2001, or placed in service for the first time on or after August 1, 2003, shall be designed to automatically activate the two-way end-of-train device to effectuate an emergency brake application whenever it becomes necessary for the locomotive engineer to place the train air brakes in emergency. (g) The availability of the front-to-rear communications link shall be checked automatically at least every 10 minutes. (h) Means shall … | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.5.83.4 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | E | Subpart E—End-of-Train Devices | § 232.407 Operations requiring use of two-way end-of-train devices; prohibition on purchase of nonconforming devices. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17584, Apr. 10, 2002; 85 FR 80574, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) Definitions. The following definitions are intended solely for the purpose of identifying those operations subject to the requirements for the use of two-way end-of-train devices. (1) Heavy grade means: (i) For a train operating with 4,000 trailing tons or less, a section of track with an average grade of two percent or greater over a distance of two continuous miles; and (ii) For a train operating with greater than 4,000 trailing tons, a section of track with an average grade of one percent or greater over a distance of three continuous miles. (2) Train means one or more locomotives coupled with one or more rail cars, except during switching operations or where the operation is that of classifying cars within a railroad yard for the purpose of making or breaking up trains. (3) Local train means a train assigned to perform switching en route which operates with 4,000 trailing tons or less and travels between a point of origin and a point of final destination, for a distance that is no greater than that which can normally be operated by a single crew in a single tour of duty. (4) Work train means a non-revenue service train of 4,000 trailing tons or less used for the administration and upkeep service of the railroad. (5) Trailing tons means the sum of the gross weights—expressed in tons—of the cars and the locomotives in a train that are not providing propelling power to the train. (b) General. All trains not specifically excepted in paragraph (e) of this section shall be equipped with and shall use either a two-way end-of-train device meeting the design and performance requirements contained in § 232.405 or a device using an alternative technology approved by FRA pursuant to § 232.17 to perform the same function. (c) New devices. Each newly manufactured end-of-train device purchased by a railroad shall be a two-way end-of-train device meeting the design and performance requirements contained in § 232.405 or a device using an alternative technology approved by FRA pursuant to § 232.17 … | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.5.83.5 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | E | Subpart E—End-of-Train Devices | § 232.409 Inspection and testing of end-of-train devices. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 66 FR 29502, May 31, 2001; 67 FR 17584, Apr. 10, 2002; 85 FR 80574, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) After each installation of either the front or rear unit of an end-of-train device, or both, on a train and before the train departs, the railroad shall determine that the identification code entered into the front unit is identical to the unique identification code on the rear unit. (b) After each installation of either the front or rear unit of an end-of-train device, or both, on a train and before the train departs, the functional capability of the device shall be determined, after charging the train, by comparing the quantitative value of the air pressure displayed on the front unit with the quantitative value of the air pressure displayed on the rear unit or on a properly calibrated air gauge. The end-of-train device shall not be used if the difference between the two readings exceeds three pounds per square inch. (c) A two-way end-of-train device shall be tested at the initial terminal or other point of installation to determine that the device is capable of initiating an emergency power brake application from the rear of the train. If this test is conducted by a person other than a member of the train crew, the locomotive engineer shall be notified that a successful test was performed. The notification required by this paragraph may be provided to the locomotive engineer by any means determined appropriate by the railroad; however, a written or electronic record of the notification shall be maintained in the cab of the controlling locomotive and shall include the date and time of the test, the location where the test was performed, and the name of the person conducting the test. (d) The telemetry equipment must be tested for accuracy and calibrated if necessary according to the manufacturer's specifications and procedures. If the manufacturer's specifications requires periodic calibration of the telemetry equipment, the date and location of the last calibration or test and the name or unique employee identifier of the person performing the calibration or test must be legibly displayed on a weather-r… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.6.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | F | Subpart F—Introduction of New Brake System Technology | § 232.501 Scope. | FRA | This subpart contains general requirements for introducing new brake system technologies. This subpart is intended to facilitate the introduction of new complete brake system technologies or major upgrades to existing systems which the current regulations do not adequately address ( i.e., electronic brake systems). This subpart is not intended for use in the introduction of a new brake component or material. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.6.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | F | Subpart F—Introduction of New Brake System Technology | § 232.503 Process to introduce new brake system technology. | FRA | (a) Pursuant to the procedures contained in § 232.17, each railroad shall obtain special approval from the FRA Associate Administrator for Safety of a pre-revenue service acceptance testing plan, developed pursuant to § 232.505, for the new brake system technology, prior to implementing the plan. (b) Each railroad shall complete a pre-revenue service demonstration of the new brake system technology in accordance with the approved plan, shall fulfill all of the other requirements prescribed in § 232.505, and shall obtain special approval from the FRA Associate Administrator for Safety under the procedures of § 232.17 prior to using such brake system technology in revenue service. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.6.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | F | Subpart F—Introduction of New Brake System Technology | § 232.505 Pre-revenue service acceptance testing plan. | FRA | (a) General; submission of plan. Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, before using a new brake system technology for the first time on its system the operating railroad or railroads shall submit a pre-revenue service acceptance testing plan containing the information required by paragraph (e) of this section and obtain the approval of the FRA Associate Administrator for Safety, under the procedures specified in § 232.17. (b) Compliance with plan. After receiving FRA approval of the pre-revenue service testing plan and before introducing the new brake system technology into revenue service, the operating railroad or railroads shall: (1) Adopt and comply with such FRA-approved plan, including fully executing the tests required by the plan; (2) Report to the FRA Associate Administrator for Safety the results of the pre-revenue service acceptance tests; (3) Correct any safety deficiencies identified by FRA in the design of the equipment or in the inspection, testing, and maintenance procedures or, if safety deficiencies cannot be corrected by design or procedural changes, agree to comply with any operational limitations that may be imposed by the Associate Administrator for Safety on the revenue service operation of the equipment; and (4) Obtain FRA approval to place the new brake system technology in revenue service. (c) Compliance with limitations. The operating railroad shall comply with each operational limitation, if any, imposed by the Associate Administrator for Safety. (d) Availability of plan. The plan shall be made available to FRA for inspection and copying upon request. (e) Elements of plan. The plan shall include all of the following elements: (1) An identification of each waiver, if any, of FRA or other Federal safety regulations required for the tests or for revenue service operation of the equipment. (2) A clear statement of the test objectives. One of the principal test objectives shall be to demonstrate that the equipment meets the safety design and performance re… | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.7.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | G | Subpart G—Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) Braking Systems | § 232.601 Scope. | FRA | This subpart contains specific requirements applicable to freight trains and freight cars equipped with ECP brake systems. This subpart also contains specific exceptions from various requirements contained in this part for freight trains and freight cars equipped with ECP brake systems. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.7.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | G | Subpart G—Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) Braking Systems | § 232.602 Applicability. | FRA | This subpart applies to all railroads that operate a freight car or freight train governed by this part and equipped with an ECP brake system. Unless specifically excepted or modified in this section, all of the other requirements contained in this part are applicable to a freight car or freight train equipped with an ECP brake system. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.7.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | G | Subpart G—Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) Braking Systems | § 232.603 Design, interoperability, and configuration management requirements. | FRA | [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 85 FR 80574, Dec. 11, 2020] | (a) General. A freight car or freight train equipped with an ECP brake system must, at a minimum, meet the Association of American Railroads (AAR) standards contained in the AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices related to ECP brake systems listed in paragraph (g) of this section; an alternate standard approved by FRA pursuant to § 232.17; or a modified standard approved in accordance with the provisions contained in paragraph (g) of this section. (1) AAR S-4200, “Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) Cable-Based Brake Systems—Performance Requirements,” (Adopted 1999; Revised: 2002, 2004, 2008); (2) AAR S-4210, “ECP Cable-Based Brake System Cable, Connectors, and Junction Boxes—Performance Specifications,” (Adopted: 1999; Revised 2002, 2007); (3) AAR S-4220, “ECP Cable-Based Brake DC Power Supply—Performance Specification,” Version 2.0 (Adopted: 1999; Revised: 2002); (4) AAR S-4230, “Intratrain Communication (ITC) Specification for Cable-Based Freight Train Control System,” Version 3.0 (Adopted: 1999; Revised: 2002, 2004); (5) AAR S-4240, “ECP Brake Equipment—Approval Procedure” (Adopted: 2007); (6) AAR S-4250, “Performance Requirements for ITC Controlled Cable-Based Distributed Power Systems,” Version 2.0 (Adopted: 2003; Revised: 2004); (7) AAR S-4260, “ECP Brake and Wire Distributed Power Interoperability Test Procedures” (Adopted: 2007); and (8) AAR S-4270, “ECP Brake System Configuration Management” (Adopted: 2008). (b) Approval. A freight train or freight car equipped with an ECP brake system and equipment covered by the AAR standards incorporated by reference in this section shall not be used without conditional or final approval by AAR in accordance with AAR Standard S-4240, “ECP Brake Equipment—Approval Procedures” (2007). (c) Configuration management. A railroad operating a freight train or freight car equipped with ECP brake systems shall adopt and comply with the configuration management plan developed in accordance with the AAR standards incorporated by reference in thi… | ||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.7.83.4 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | G | Subpart G—Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) Braking Systems | § 232.605 Training requirements. | FRA | (a) Inspection, testing and maintenance. A railroad that operates a freight car or freight train equipped with an ECP brake system and each contractor that performs inspection, testing, or maintenance on a freight car or freight train equipped with an ECP brake system shall adopt and comply with a training, qualification, and designation program for its employees that perform inspection, testing or maintenance of ECP brake systems. The training program required by this section shall meet the requirements in §§ 232.203(a), (b), (e), and (f). (b) Operating rules. A railroad operating a freight train or freight car equipped with an ECP brake system shall amend its operating rules to govern safe train handling procedures related to ECP brake systems and equipment under all operating conditions and shall tailor its operating rules to the specific equipment and territory of the railroad. (c) Locomotive engineers. A railroad operating a freight car or freight train equipped with an ECP brake system shall adopt and use in its training program under part 240 specific knowledge, skill, and ability criteria to ensure that its locomotive engineers are fully trained with the operating rules governing safe train handling procedures related to ECP brake systems and equipment under all operating conditions and tailored to the specific equipment and territory of the railroad. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.7.83.5 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | G | Subpart G—Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) Braking Systems | § 232.607 Inspection and testing requirements. | FRA | (a) Trains at initial terminal. A freight train operating in ECP brake mode shall receive the following inspections at its point of origin (initial terminal): (1) A Class I brake test as described in § 232.205(c) by a qualified mechanical inspector (QMI); and (2) A pre-departure inspection pursuant to part 215 of this chapter by an inspector designated under § 215.11 of this chapter. (b) Trains en route. (1) Except for a unit or cycle train, a train operating in ECP brake mode shall not operate a distance that exceeds its destination or 3,500 miles, whichever is less, unless inspections meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section are performed on the train. (2) A unit or cycle train operating in ECP brake mode shall receive the inspections required in paragraph (a) of this section at least every 3,500 miles. (3) The greatest distance that any car in a train has traveled since receiving a Class I brake test by a qualified mechanical inspector will determine the distance that the train has traveled. (4) A freight train operating in ECP brake mode shall receive a Class I brake test as described in § 232.205(c) by a qualified person at a location where the train is off air for a period of more than: (i) 24 hours, or (ii) 80 hours, if the train remains inaccessible to the railroad and in an extended-off-air facility. For the purpose of this section, an extended-off-air facility means a location controlled by a sole shipper or consignee which restricts access to the train and provides sufficient security to deter vandalism. (c) Cars added en route. (1) Each freight car equipped with an ECP brake system that is added to a freight train operating in ECP brake mode shall receive a Class I brake test as described in § 232.205(c) by a qualified person, unless all of the following are met: (i) The car has received a Class I brake test by a qualified mechanical inspector within the last 3,500 miles; (ii) Information identified in § 232.205(e) relating to the performance of the previously receive… | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.7.83.6 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | G | Subpart G—Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) Braking Systems | § 232.609 Handling of defective equipment with ECP brake systems. | FRA | (a) Ninety-five percent of the cars in a train operating in ECP brake mode shall have effective and operative brakes prior to use or departure from the train's initial terminal or any location where a Class I brake test is required to be performed on the entire train by a qualified mechanical inspector pursuant to § 232.607. (b) A freight car equipped with an ECP brake system that is known to have arrived with ineffective or inoperative brakes at initial terminal of the next train which the car is to be included or at a location where a Class I brake test is required under §§ 232.607(b)(1) through (b)(3) shall not depart that location with ineffective or inoperative brakes in a train operating in ECP brake mode unless: (1) The location does not have the ability to conduct the necessary repairs; (2) The car is hauled only for the purpose of repair to the nearest forward location where the necessary repairs can be performed consistent with the guidance contained in § 232.15(f); (3) The car is not being placed for loading or unloading while being moved for repair unless unloading is necessary for the safe repair of the car; and (4) The car is properly tagged in accordance with § 232.15(b). (c) A freight car equipped with only conventional pneumatic brakes shall not move in a freight train operating in ECP brake mode unless it would otherwise have effective and operative brakes if it were part of a conventional pneumatic brake-equipped train or could be moved from the location in defective condition under the provisions contained in, and tagged in accordance with, § 232.15. (d) A freight train operating in ECP brake mode shall not move if less than 85 percent of the cars in the train have operative and effective brakes. However, after experiencing a penalty stop for having less than 85 percent operative and effective brakes, a freight train operating in ECP brake mode may be moved if all of the following are met: (1) The train is visually inspected; (2) Appropriate measures are taken to ensure that the train… | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.7.83.7 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | G | Subpart G—Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) Braking Systems | § 232.611 Periodic maintenance. | FRA | (a) In addition to the maintenance requirements contained in § 232.303(b) through (d), a freight car equipped with an ECP brake system shall be inspected and repaired before being released from a shop or repair track to ensure the proper and safe condition of the following: (1) ECP brake system wiring and brackets; (2) ECP brake system electrical connections; and (3) Car mounted ECP brake system components. (b) Single car air brake test procedures. Prior to placing a freight car equipped with an ECP brake system into revenue service, a railroad or a duly authorized representative of the railroad industry shall submit a procedure for conducting periodic single car air brake tests to FRA for its approval pursuant to § 232.17. (c) Except as provided in § 232.303(e), a single car air brake test conducted in accordance with the procedure submitted and approved in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section shall be performed by a qualified person on a freight car equipped with an ECP brake system whenever any of the events identified in § 232.305 occur, except for those paragraphs identified in paragraph (f) of this section. (d) A single car air brake test conducted in accordance with the procedure submitted and approved in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section shall be performed by a qualified person on each freight car retrofitted with a newly installed ECP brake system prior to placing or using the car in revenue service. (e) Modification of single car test standard. A railroad or a duly authorized representative of the railroad industry may seek modification of the single car test standard approved in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. The request for modification will be handled and shall be submitted in accordance with the modification procedures contained in § 232.307. (f) Exceptions. A freight car equipped with a stand-alone or dual mode ECP brake system is excepted from the single car air brake test procedures contained in § 232.305(a). A freight car equipped with a stand-a… | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.7.83.8 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | G | Subpart G—Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) Braking Systems | § 232.613 End-of-train devices. | FRA | (a) An ECP-EOT device shall, at a minimum, serve as the final node on the ECP brake circuit, provide a cable terminal circuit, and monitor, confirm, and report train, brake pipe, and train line cable continuity, cable voltage, brake pipe pressure, and the status of the ECP-EOT device battery charge. The ECP-EOT device shall transmit a status message (EOT Beacon) at least once per second, contain a means of communicating with the HEU, and be equipped with a brake pipe pressure transducer and a battery that charges from the train line cable. (b) A railroad shall not move or use a freight train equipped with an ECP brake system unless that train is equipped with a functioning ECP-EOT device designed and operated in accordance with this subpart. The ECP-EOT device must be properly connected to the network and to the train line cable at the rear of the train. (c) A locomotive equipped with ECP brakes can be used in lieu of an ECP-EOT device, provided it is capable of performing all of the functions of a functioning ECP-EOT device. (d) Exception. A freight train operating in ECP brake mode is excepted from the end-of-train device requirements contained in subpart E of this part, provided that it is equipped with an ECP-EOT device complying with this section. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.1 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.700 Applicability. | FRA | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, this subpart applies to standard gage railroads. (b) This subpart does not apply to: (1) A railroad that operates only on track inside an installation which is not part of the general railroad system of transportation; or (2) Rapid transit operations in an urban area that are not connected with the general railroad system of transportation. (c) As used in this subpart, carrier means “railroad,” as that term is defined by 49 CFR 232.5 | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.10 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.715 Double heading and helper service. | FRA | (a) When more than one locomotive is attached to a train, the engineman of the leading locomotive shall operate the brakes. On all other motive power units in the train the brake pipe cutout cock to the brake valve must be closed, the maximum main reservoir pressure maintained and brake valve handles kept in the prescribed position. In case it becomes necessary for the leading locomotive to give up control of the train short of the destination of the train, a test of the brakes must be made to see that the brakes are operative from the automatic brake valve of the locomotive taking control of the train. (b) The electro-pneumatic brake valve on all motive power units other than that which is handling the train must be cut out, handle of brake valve kept in the prescribed position, and air compressors kept running if practicable. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.11 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.716 Running tests. | FRA | When motive power, engine crew or train crew has been changed, angle cocks have been closed except for cutting off one or more cars from the rear end of train or electro-pneumatic brake circuit cables between power units and/or cars have been disconnected, running test of train air brakes on passenger train must be made, as soon as speed of train permits, by use of automatic brake if operating in automatic brake operation or by use of electro-pneumatic brake if operating in electro-pneumatic brake operation. Steam or power must not be shut off unless required and running test must be made by applying train air brakes with sufficient force to ascertain whether or not brakes are operating properly. If air brakes do not properly operate, train must be stopped, cause of failure ascertained and corrected and running test repeated. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.12 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.717 Freight and passenger train car brakes. | FRA | (a) Testing and repairing brakes on cars while on shop or repair tracks. (1) When a freight car having brake equipment due for periodic attention is on shop or repair tracks where facilities are available for making air brake repairs, brake equipment must be given attention in accordance with the requirements of Rules 3 and 4 of the 2020 Field Manual of the AAR Interchange Rules (AAR Field Manual); or an alternative procedure approved by FRA under paragraph (d) of this section. Brake equipment shall then be tested by use of a single car testing device as prescribed by § 232.305. (2)(i) When a freight car having an air brake defect is on a shop or repair track, brake equipment must be tested by use of a single car testing device as prescribed by § 232.305. (ii) All freight cars on shop or repair tracks shall be tested to determine that the air brakes apply and release. Piston travel on a standard body mounted brake cylinder which is less than 7 inches or more than 9 inches must be adjusted to nominally 7 inches. Piston travel of brake cylinders on all freight cars equipped with other than standard single capacity brake, must be adjusted as indicated on badge plate or stenciling on car located in a conspicuous place near brake cylinder. After piston travel has been adjusted and with brakes released, sufficient brake shoe clearance must be provided. (iii) When a car equipped for use in passenger train service not due for periodical air brake repairs, as indicated by stenciled or recorded cleaning dates, is on shop or repair tracks, brake equipment must be tested by use of single car testing device as prescribed by the applicable standards referenced in § 232.305 or by the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) standard referenced in § 238.311(a) of this chapter. Piston travel of brake cylinders must be adjusted if required, to the standard travel for that type of brake cylinder. After piston travel has been adjusted and with brakes released, sufficient brake shoe clearance must be provided. (iv) Bef… | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.13 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.719 End-of-train devices. | FRA | Requirements are contained in subpart E of this part. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.2 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.701 Power brakes; minimum percentage. | FRA | On and after September 1, 1910, on all railroads used in interstate commerce, whenever, as required by the Safety Appliance Act as amended March 2, 1903, any train is operated with power or train brakes, not less than 85 percent of the cars of such train shall have their brakes used and operated by the engineer of the locomotive drawing such train, and all power-brake cars in every such train which are associated together with the 85 percent shall have their brakes so used and operated. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.3 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.702 Drawbars; standard height. | FRA | Not included in this subpart. Moved to 49 CFR part 231. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.4 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.703 Power brakes and appliances for operating power-brake systems. | FRA | Requirements are contained in 49 CFR 232.103(l). | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.5 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.710 General rules; locomotives. | FRA | (a) Air brake and hand brake equipment on locomotives including tender must be inspected and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the Locomotive Inspection and United States Safety Appliance Acts and related orders and regulations of the Federal Railroad Administrator (FRA). (b) It must be known that air brake equipment on locomotives is in a safe and suitable condition for service. (c) Compressor or compressors must be tested for capacity by orifice test as often as conditions require but not less frequently than required by law and orders of the FRA. (d) Main reservoirs shall be subjected to tests periodically as required by law and orders of the FRA. (e) Air gauges must be tested periodically as required by law and orders of the FRA, and whenever any irregularity is reported. They shall be compared with an accurate deadweight tester, or test gauge. Gauges found inaccurate or defective must be repaired or replaced. (f)(1) All operating portions of air brake equipment together with dirt collectors and filters must be cleaned, repaired and tested as often as conditions require to maintain them in a safe and suitable condition for service, and not less frequently than required by law and orders of the FRA. (2) On locomotives so equipped, hand brakes, parts, and connections must be inspected, and necessary repairs made as often as the service requires, with date being suitably stenciled or tagged. (g) The date of testing or cleaning of air brake equipment and the initials of the shop or station at which the work was done shall be placed on a card displayed under transparent covering in the cab of each locomotive unit. (h)(1) Minimum brake cylinder piston travel must be sufficient to provide proper brake shoe clearance when brakes are released. (2) Maximum brake cylinder piston travel when locomotive is standing must not exceed the following: (i)(1) Foundation brake rigging, and safety supports, where used, must be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. Levers, rods, brake be… | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.6 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.711 Train air brake system tests. | FRA | (a) Supervisors are jointly responsible with inspectors, enginemen and trainmen for condition of train air brake and air signal equipment on motive power and cars to the extent that it is possible to detect defective equipment by required air tests. (b) Communicating signal system on passenger equipment trains must be tested and known to be in a suitable condition for service before leaving terminal. (c) Each train must have the air brakes in effective operating condition, and at no time shall the number and location of operative air brakes be less than permitted by Federal requirements. When piston travel is in excess of 10 1/2 inches, the air brakes cannot be considered in effective operating condition. (d) Condensation must be blown from the pipe from which air is taken before connecting yard line or motive power to train. | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.7 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.712 Initial terminal road train airbrake tests. | FRA | (a)(1) Each train must be inspected and tested as specified in this section by a qualified person at points— (i) Where the train is originally made up (initial terminal); (ii) Where train consist is changed, other than by adding or removing a solid block of cars, and the train brake system remains charged; and (iii) Where the train is received in interchange if the train consist is changed other than by: (A) Removing a solid block of cars from the head end or rear end of train; (B) Changing motive power; (C) Removing or changing the caboose; or (D) Any combination of the changes listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(iii)(A), (B), and (C) of this section. Where a carman is to perform the inspection and test under existing or future collective bargaining agreement, in those circumstances a carman alone will be considered a qualified person. (2) A qualified person participating in the test and inspection or who has knowledge that it was made shall notify the engineer that the initial terminal road train air brake test has been satisfactorily performed. The qualified person shall provide the notification in writing if the road crew will report for duty after the qualified person goes off duty. The qualified person also shall provide the notification in writing if the train that has been inspected is to be moved in excess of 500 miles without being subjected to another test pursuant to either this section or § 232.713 of this part. (b) Each carrier shall designate additional inspection points not more than 1,000 miles apart where intermediate inspection will be made to determine that: (1) Brake pipe pressure leakage does not exceed five pounds per minute; (2) Brakes apply on each car in response to a 20-pound service brake pipe pressure reduction; and (3) Brake rigging is properly secured and does not bind or foul. (c) Train airbrake system must be charged to required air pressure, angle cocks and cutout cocks must be properly positioned, air hose must be properly coupled and must be in condition for service. An ex… | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.8 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.713 Road train and intermediate terminal train air brake tests. | FRA | (a) Passenger trains. Before motive power is detached or angle cocks are closed on a passenger train operated in either automatic or electro-pneumatic brake operation, except when closing angle cocks for cutting off one or more cars from the rear end of train, automatic air brake must be applied. After recouping, brake system must be recharged to required air pressure and before proceeding and upon receipt of proper request or signal, application and release tests of brakes on rear car must be made from locomotive in automatic brake operation. If train is to be operated in electro-pneumatic brake operation, this test must also be made in electro-pneumatic brake operation before proceeding. Inspector or trainman must determine if brakes on rear car of train properly apply and release. (b) Freight trains. Before motive power is detached or angle cocks are closed on a freight train, brakes must be applied with not less than a 20-pound brake pipe reduction. After recoupling, and after angle cocks are opened, it must be known that brake pipe air pressure is being restored as indicated by a rear car gauge or device. In the absence of a rear car gauge or device, an air brake test must be made to determine that the brakes on the rear car apply and release. (c)(1) At a point other than an initial terminal where a locomotive or caboose is changed, or where one or more consecutive cars are cut off from the rear end or head end of a train with the consist otherwise remaining intact, after the train brake system is charged to within 15 pounds of the feed valve setting on the locomotive, but not less than 60 pounds as indicated at the rear of a freight train and 70 pounds on a passenger train, a 20-pound brake pipe reduction must be made and it must be determined that the brakes on the rear car apply and release. As an alternative to the rear car brake application and release test, it shall be determined that brake pipe pressure of the train is being reduced as indicated by a rear car gauge or device and then that brake … | |||||
| 49:49:4.1.1.1.26.8.83.9 | 49 | Transportation | II | 232 | PART 232—BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT AND OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES | H | Subpart H—Tourist, Scenic, Historic, and Excursion Operations Braking Systems | § 232.714 Inbound brake equipment inspection. | FRA | (a) At points where inspectors are employed to make a general inspection of trains upon arrival at terminals, visual inspection must be made of retaining valves and retaining valve pipes, release valves and rods, brake rigging, safety supports, hand brakes, hose and position of angle cocks and make necessary repairs or mark for repair tracks any cars to which yard repairs cannot be promptly made. (b) Freight trains arriving at terminals where facilities are available and at which special instructions provide for immediate brake inspection and repairs, trains shall be left with air brakes applied by a service brake pipe reduction of 20 pounds so that inspectors can obtain a proper check of the piston travel. Trainmen will not close any angle cock or cut the locomotive off until the 20-pound service reduction has been made. Inspection of the brakes and needed repairs should be made as soon thereafter as practicable. |
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CREATE TABLE cfr_sections (
section_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
title_number INTEGER,
title_name TEXT,
chapter TEXT,
subchapter TEXT,
part_number TEXT,
part_name TEXT,
subpart TEXT,
subpart_name TEXT,
section_number TEXT,
section_heading TEXT,
agency TEXT,
authority TEXT,
source_citation TEXT,
amendment_citations TEXT,
full_text TEXT
);
CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_title ON cfr_sections(title_number);
CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_part ON cfr_sections(part_number);
CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_agency ON cfr_sections(agency);