cfr_sections
Data license: Public Domain (U.S. Government data) · Data source: Federal Register API & Regulations.gov API
257 rows where part_number = 178 and title_number = 49 sorted by section_id
This data as json, CSV (advanced)
Suggested facets: subpart, subpart_name
| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.0.1.1 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | § 178.1 Purpose and scope. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-40, 42 FR 2689, Jan. 13, 1977. Redesignated by Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52715, Dec. 21, 1990] | This part prescribes the manufacturing and testing specifications for packaging and containers used for the transportation of hazardous materials in commerce. | |||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.0.1.2 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | § 178.2 Applicability and responsibility. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52715, Dec. 21, 1990; 56 FR 66284, Dec. 20, 1991, as amended by Amdt. 178-106, 59 FR 67519, Dec. 29, 1994; Amdt. 178-117, 62 FR 14338, Mar. 26, 1997; 68 FR 45041, July 31, 2003; 69 FR 34612, June 22, 2004; 75 FR 5395, Feb. 2, 2010; 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010; 78 FR 1118, Jan. 7, 2013; 78 FR 15328, Mar. 11, 2013] | (a) Applicability. (1) The requirements of this part apply to packagings manufactured— (i) To a DOT specification, regardless of country of manufacture; or (ii) To a UN standard, for packagings manufactured within the United States. For UN standard packagings manufactured outside the United States, see § 173.24(d)(2) of this subchapter. For UN standard packagings for which standards are not prescribed in this part, see § 178.3(b). (2) A manufacturer of a packaging subject to the requirements of this part is primarily responsible for compliance with the requirements of this part. However, any person who performs a function prescribed in this part shall perform that function in accordance with this part. (b) Specification markings. When this part requires that a packaging be marked with a DOT specification or UN standard marking, marking of the packaging with the appropriate DOT or UN markings is the certification that— (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, all requirements of the DOT specification or UN standard, including performance tests, are met; and (2) All functions performed by, or on behalf of, the person whose name or symbol appears as part of the marking conform to requirements specified in this part. (c) Notification. (1) Except as specifically provided in §§ 178.337-18, 178.338-19, and 178.345-15 of this part, the manufacturer or other person certifying compliance with the requirements of this part, and each subsequent distributor of that packaging must: (i) Notify each person to whom that packaging is transferred— (A) Of all requirements in this part not met at the time of transfer, and (B) With information specifying the type(s) and dimensions of the closures, including gaskets and any other components needed to ensure that the packaging is capable of successfully passing the applicable performance tests. This information must include any procedures to be followed, including closure instructions for inner packagings and receptacles, to effectively assemble and close the pa… | |||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.0.1.3 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | § 178.3 Marking of packagings. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52716, Dec. 21, 1990; 56 FR 66284, Dec. 20, 1991, as amended by Amdt. 178-106, 59 FR 67519, Dec. 29, 1994; Amdt. 178-113, 61 FR 21102, May 9, 1996; 65 FR 50462, Aug. 18, 2000; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 67 FR 61015, Sept. 27, 2002; 68 FR 75748, Dec. 31, 2003; 70 FR 73166, Dec. 9, 2005; 78 FR 14714, Mar. 7, 2013; 87 FR 44999, July 26, 2022] | (a) Each packaging represented as manufactured to a DOT specification or a UN standard must be marked on a non-removable component of the packaging with specification markings conforming to the applicable specification, and with the following: (1) In an unobstructed area, with letters, and numerals identifying the standards or specification (e.g. UN 1A1, DOT 4B240ET, etc.). (2) Unless otherwise specified in this part, the name and address or symbol of the packaging manufacturer or the person certifying compliance with a UN standard. Symbols, if used, must be registered with the Associate Administrator. Unless authorized in writing by the holder of the symbol, symbols must represent either the packaging manufacturer or the approval agency responsible for providing the most recent certification for the packaging through design certification testing or periodic retesting, as applicable. Duplicative symbols are not authorized. (3) The markings must be stamped, embossed, burned, printed or otherwise marked on the packaging to provide adequate accessibility, permanency, contrast, and legibility so as to be readily apparent and understood. (4) Unless otherwise specified, letters and numerals must be at least 12.0 mm (0.47 inches) in height except for packagings of less than or equal to 30 L (7.9 gallons) capacity for liquids or 30 kg (66 pounds) maximum net mass for solids the height must be at least 6.0 mm (0.2 inches). For packagings having a capacity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less or of 5 kg (11 pounds) maximum net mass, letters and numerals must be of an appropriate size. (5) For packages with a gross mass of more than 30 kg (66 pounds), the markings or a duplicate thereof must appear on the top or on a side of the packaging. (b) A UN standard packaging for which the UN standard is set forth in this part may be marked with the United Nations symbol and other specification markings only if it fully conforms to the requirements of this part. A UN standard packaging for which the UN standard is not set forth in thi… | |||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.1 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.600 Purpose and scope. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 178-99, 58 FR 51534, Oct. 1, 1993] | This subpart prescribes certain testing requirements for performance-oriented packagings identified in subpart L of this part. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.10 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.609 Test requirements for packagings for infectious substances. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 178-111, 60 FR 48787, Sept. 20, 1995; 67 FR 53143, Aug. 14, 2002; 69 FR 54046, Sept. 7, 2004; 87 FR 45000, July 26, 2022; 89 FR 25490, Apr. 10, 2024] | (a) Samples of each packaging must be prepared for testing as described in paragraph (b) of this section and then subjected to the tests in paragraphs (d) through (i) of this section. (b) Samples of each packaging must be prepared as for transport except that a liquid or solid infectious substance should be replaced by water or, where conditioning at −18 °C (0 °F) is specified, by water/antifreeze. Each primary receptacle must be filled to 98 percent capacity. Packagings for live animals should be tested with the live animal being replaced by an appropriate dummy of similar mass. (c) Packagings prepared as for transport must be subjected to the tests in Table I of this paragraph (c), which, for test purposes, categorizes packagings according to their material characteristics. For outer packagings, the headings in Table I relate to fiberboard or similar materials whose performance may be rapidly affected by moisture; plastics that may embrittle at low temperature; and other materials, such as metal, for which performance is not significantly affected by moisture or temperature. Where a primary receptacle and a secondary packaging of an inner packaging are made of different materials, the material of the primary receptacle determines the appropriate test. In instances where a primary receptacle is made of more than one material, the material most likely to be damaged determines the appropriate test. Table I—Tests Required (d) Samples must be subjected to free-fall drops onto a rigid, nonresilient, flat, horizontal surface from a height of 9 m (30 feet). The drops must be performed as follows: (1) Where the samples are in the shape of a box, five samples must be dropped, one in each of the following orientation: (i) Flat on the base; (ii) Flat on the top; (iii) Flat on the longest side; (iv) Flat on the shortest side; and (v) On a corner. (2) Where the samples are in the shape of a drum or jerrican, three samples must be dropped, one in each of the following orientations: (i) Diagonally on the top edge,… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.2 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.601 General requirements. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66285, Dec. 20, 1991; 57 FR 45465, Oct. 1, 1992; Amdt. 178-102, 59 FR 28494, June 2, 1994; Amdt. 178-106, 59 FR 67521, 67522, Dec. 29, 1994; Amdt. 178-117, 61 FR 50628, Sept. 26, 1996; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 67 FR 53143, Aug. 14, 2002; 68 FR 75758, Dec. 31, 2003; 68 FR 61942, Oct. 30, 2003; 75 FR 5396, Feb. 2, 2010; 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010; 77 FR 60944, Oct. 5, 2012; 78 FR 1118, Jan. 7, 2013; 78 FR 14715, Mar. 7, 2013; 78 FR 65487, Oct. 31, 2013; 85 FR 27901, May 11, 2020; 87 FR 79784, Dec. 27, 2022; 89 FR 15666, Mar. 4, 2024 ] | (a) General. The test procedures prescribed in this subpart are intended to ensure that packages containing hazardous materials can withstand normal conditions of transportation and are considered minimum requirements. Each packaging must be manufactured and assembled so as to be capable of successfully passing the prescribed tests and of conforming to the requirements of § 173.24 of this subchapter at all times while in transportation. (b) Responsibility. It is the responsibility of the packaging manufacturer to assure that each package is capable of passing the prescribed tests. To the extent that a package assembly function, including final closure, is performed by the person who offers a hazardous material for transportation, that person is responsible for performing the function in accordance with §§ 173.22 and 178.2 of this subchapter. (c) Definitions. For the purpose of this subpart: (1) Design qualification testing is the performance of the tests prescribed in § 178.603, § 178.604, § 178.605, § 178.606, § 178.607, § 178.608, or § 178.609, as applicable, for each new or different packaging, at the start of production of that packaging. (2) Periodic retesting is the performance of the drop, leakproofness, hydrostatic pressure, and stacking tests, as applicable, as prescribed in § 178.603, § 178.604, § 178.605, or § 178.606, respectively, at the frequency specified in paragraph (e) of this section. For infectious substances packagings required to meet the requirements of § 178.609, periodic retesting is the performance of the tests specified in § 178.609 at the frequency specified in paragraph (e) of this section. (3) Production testing is the performance of the leakproofness test prescribed in § 178.604 of this subpart on each single or composite packaging intended to contain a liquid. (4) A different packaging is one that differs ( i.e. , is not identical) from a previously produced packaging in structural design, size, material of construction, wall thickness or manner of construction … | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.3 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.602 Preparation of packagings and packages for testing. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66286, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt. 178-106, 59 FR 67522, Dec. 29, 1994; 69 FR 76186, Dec. 20, 2004; 71 FR 78635, Dec. 29, 2006] | (a) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, each packaging and package must be closed in preparation for testing and tests must be carried out in the same manner as if prepared for transportation, including inner packagings in the case of combination packagings. (b) For the drop and stacking test, inner and single-unit receptacles other than bags must be filled to not less than 95% of maximum capacity (see § 171.8 of this subchapter) in the case of solids and not less than 98% of maximum in the case of liquids. Bags containing solids shall be filled to the maximum mass at which they may be used. The material to be transported in the packagings may be replaced by a non-hazardous material, except for chemical compatibility testing or where this would invalidate the results of the tests. (c) If the material to be transported is replaced for test purposes by a non-hazardous material, the material used must be of the same or higher specific gravity as the material to be carried, and its other physical properties (grain, size, viscosity) which might influence the results of the required tests must correspond as closely as possible to those of the hazardous material to be transported. Water may also be used for the liquid drop test under the conditions specified in § 178.603(e) of this subpart. It is permissible to use additives, such as bags of lead shot, to achieve the requisite total package mass, so long as they are placed so that the test results are not affected. (d) Paper or fiberboard packagings must be conditioned for at least 24 hours immediately prior to testing in an atmosphere maintained— (1) At 50 percent ±2 percent relative humidity, and at a temperature of 23 °C±2 °C (73 °F±4 °F). Average values should fall within these limits. Short-term fluctuations and measurement limitations may cause individual measurements to vary by up to ±5 percent relative humidity without significant impairment of test reproducibility; (2) At 65 percent ±2 percent relative humidity, and at a temperature of 20 °C±2… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.4 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.603 Drop test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66286, Dec. 20, 1991; 57 FR 45465, Oct. 1, 1992; Amdt. 178-99, 58 FR 51534, Oct. 1, 1993; Amdt. 178-106, 59 FR 67522, Dec. 29, 1994; 65 FR 50462, Aug. 18, 2000; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 67 FR 61016, Sept. 27, 2002; 69 FR 76186, Dec. 20, 2004; 76 FR 3389, Jan. 19, 2011; 78 FR 1097, Jan. 7, 2013] | (a) General. The drop test must be conducted for the qualification of all packaging design types and performed periodically as specified in § 178.601(e). For other than flat drops, the center of gravity of the test packaging must be vertically over the point of impact. Where more than one orientation is possible for a given drop test, the orientation most likely to result in failure of the packaging must be used. The number of drops required and the packages' orientations are as follows: (b) Exceptions. For testing of single or composite packagings constructed of stainless steel, nickel, or monel at periodic intervals only ( i.e. , other than design qualification testing), the drop test may be conducted with two samples, one sample each for the two drop orientations. These samples may have been previously used for the hydrostatic pressure or stacking test. Exceptions for the number of steel, aluminum and other metal packaging samples used for conducting the drop test are subject to the approval of the Associate Administrator. (c) Special preparation of test samples for the drop test. (1) Testing of plastic drums, plastic jerricans, plastic boxes other than expanded polystyrene boxes, composite packagings (plastic material), and combination packagings with plastic inner packagings other than plastic bags intended to contain solids or articles must be carried out when the temperature of the test sample and its contents has been reduced to −18 °C (0 °F) or lower. Test liquids must be kept in the liquid state, if necessary, by the addition of anti-freeze. Water/anti-freeze solutions with a minimum specific gravity of 0.95 for testing at −18 °C (0 °F) or lower are considered acceptable test liquids. Test samples prepared in this way are not required to be conditioned in accordance with § 178.602(d). (d) Target. The target must be a rigid, non-resilient, flat and horizontal surface. (e) Drop height. Drop heights, measured as the vertical distance from the target to the lowest point on the package, must be… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.5 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.604 Leakproofness test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66286, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt. 178-106, 59 FR 67522, Dec. 29, 1994; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) General. The leakproofness test must be performed with compressed air or other suitable gases on all packagings intended to contain liquids, except that: (1) The inner receptacle of a composite packaging may be tested without the outer packaging provided the test results are not affected; and (2) This test is not required for inner packagings of combination packagings. (b) Number of packagings to be tested —(1) Production testing. All packagings subject to the provisions of this section must be tested and must pass the leakproofness test: (i) Before they are first used in transportation; and (ii) Prior to reuse, when authorized for reuse by § 173.28 of this subchapter. (2) Design qualification and periodic testing. Three samples of each different packaging must be tested and must pass the leakproofness test. Exceptions for the number of samples used in conducting the leakproofness test are subject to the approval of the Associate Administrator. (c) Special preparation —(1) For design qualification and periodic testing, packagings must be tested with closures in place. For production testing, packagings need not have their closures in place. Removable heads need not be installed during production testing. (2) For testing with closures in place, vented closures must either be replaced by similar non-vented closures or the vent must be sealed. (d) Test method. The packaging must be restrained under water while an internal air pressure is applied; the method of restraint must not affect the results of the test. The test must be conducted, for other than production testing, for a minimum time of five minutes. Other methods, at least equally effective, may be used in accordance with appendix B of this part. (e) Pressure applied. An internal air pressure (gauge) must be applied to the packaging as indicated for the following packing groups: (1) Packing Group I: Not less than 30 kPa (4 psi). (2) Packing Group II: Not less than 20 kPa (3 psi). (3) Packing Group III: Not less than 20 kPa (3 psi… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.6 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.605 Hydrostatic pressure test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66286, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt. 178-99, 58 FR 51534, Oct. 1, 1993; Amdt. 178-102, 59 FR 28494, June 2, 1994; 65 FR 50462, Aug. 18, 2000; 66 FR 45386, 45390, Aug. 28, 2001; 73 FR 57007, Oct. 1, 2008; 78 FR 60755, Oct. 2, 2013] | (a) General. The hydrostatic pressure test must be conducted for the qualification of all metal, plastic, and composite packaging design types intended to contain liquids and be performed periodically as specified in § 178.601(e). This test is not required for inner packagings of combination packagings. For internal pressure requirements for inner packagings of combination packagings intended for transportation by aircraft, see § 173.27(c) of this subchapter. (b) Number of test samples. Three test samples are required for each different packaging. For packagings constructed of stainless steel, monel, or nickel, only one sample is required for periodic retesting of packagings. Exceptions for the number of aluminum and steel sample packagings used in conducting the hydrostatic pressure test are subject to the approval of the Associate Administrator. (c) Special preparation of receptacles for testings. Vented closures must either be replaced by similar non-vented closures or the vent must be sealed. (d) Test method and pressure to be applied. Metal packagings and composite packagings other than plastic (e.g., glass, porcelain or stoneware), including their closures, must be subjected to the test pressure for 5 minutes. Plastic packagings and composite packagings (plastic material), including their closures, must be subjected to the test pressure for 30 minutes. This pressure is the one to be marked as required in § 178.503(a)(5). The receptacles must be supported in a manner that does not invalidate the test. The test pressure must be applied continuously and evenly, and it must be kept constant throughout the test period. In addition, packagings intended to contain hazardous materials of Packing Group I must be tested to a minimum test pressure of 250 kPa (36 psig). The hydraulic pressure (gauge) applied, taken at the top of the receptacle, and determined by any one of the following methods must be: (1) Not less than the total gauge pressure measured in the packaging ( i.e. , the vapor pressure of the f… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.7 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.606 Stacking test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66286, Dec. 20, 1991; 57 FR 45465, Oct. 1, 1992; Amdt. 178-102, 59 FR 28494, June 2, 1994; Amdt. 178-106, 59 FR 67522, Dec. 29, 1994; 65 FR 58632, Sept. 29, 2000; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 70 FR 34076, June 13, 2005; 72 FR 55696, Oct. 1, 2007] | (a) General. All packaging design types other than bags must be subjected to a stacking test. (b) Number of test samples. Three test samples are required for each different packaging. For periodic retesting of packagings constructed of stainless steel, monel, or nickel, only one test sample is required. Exceptions for the number of aluminum and steel sample packagings used in conducting the stacking test are subject to the approval of the Associate Administrator. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 178.602(a) of this subpart, combination packagings may be subjected to the stacking test without their inner packagings, except where this would invalidate the results of the test. (c) Test method —(1) Design qualification testing. The test sample must be subjected to a force applied to the top surface of the test sample equivalent to the total weight of identical packages which might be stacked on it during transport; where the contents of the test sample are non-hazardous liquids with specific gravities different from that of the liquid to be transported, the force must be calculated based on the specific gravity that will be marked on the packaging. The minimum height of the stack, including the test sample, must be 3.0 m (10 feet). The duration of the test must be 24 hours, except that plastic drums, jerricans, and composite packagings 6HH intended for liquids shall be subjected to the stacking test for a period of 28 days at a temperature of not less than 40 °C (104 °F). Alternative test methods which yield equivalent results may be used if approved by the Associate Administrator. In guided load tests, stacking stability must be assessed after completion of the test by placing two filled packagings of the same type on the test sample. The stacked packages must maintain their position for one hour. Plastic packagings must be cooled to ambient temperature before this stacking stability assessment. (2) Periodic retesting. The test sample must be tested in accordance with: (i) Section 178.606(c)(1) of thi… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.8 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.607 Cooperage test for bung-type wooden barrels. | PHMSA | (a) Number of samples. One barrel is required for each different packaging. (b) Method of testing. Remove all hoops above the bilge of an empty barrel at least two days old. (c) Criteria for passing the test. A packaging passes the cooperage test only if the diameter of the cross-section of the upper part of the barrel does not increase by more than 10 percent. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.10.1.9 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | M | Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages | § 178.608 Vibration standard. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66286, Dec. 20, 1991; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) Each packaging must be capable of withstanding, without rupture or leakage, the vibration test procedure outlined in this section. (b) Test method. (1) Three sample packagings, selected at random, must be filled and closed as for shipment. (2) The three samples must be placed on a vibrating platform that has a vertical or rotary double-amplitude (peak-to-peak displacement) of one inch. The packages should be constrained horizontally to prevent them from falling off the platform, but must be left free to move vertically, bounce and rotate. (3) The test must be performed for one hour at a frequency that causes the package to be raised from the vibrating platform to such a degree that a piece of material of approximately 1.6 mm (0.063 inch) thickness (such as steel strapping or paperboard) can be passed between the bottom of any package and the platform. (4) Immediately following the period of vibration, each package must be removed from the platform, turned on its side and observed for any evidence of leakage. (5) Other methods, at least equally effective, may be used, if approved by the Associate Administrator. (c) Criteria for passing the test. A packaging passes the vibration test if there is no rupture or leakage from any of the packages. No test sample should show any deterioration which could adversely affect transportation safety or any distortion liable to reduce packaging strength. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.1 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.700 Purpose, scope and definitions. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended by Amdt. 178-108, 60 FR 40038, Aug. 4, 1995; 66 FR 45386, 45387, Aug. 28, 2001; 73 FR 57008, Oct. 1, 2008; 75 FR 5396, Feb. 2, 2010] | (a) This subpart prescribes requirements applying to IBCs intended for the transportation of hazardous materials. Standards for these packagings are based on the UN Recommendations. (b) Terms used in this subpart are defined in § 171.8 of this subchapter and in paragraph (c) of this section. (c) The following definitions pertain to the IBC standards in this subpart. (1) Body means the receptacle proper (including openings and their closures, but not including service equipment) that has a volumetric capacity of not more than 3 cubic meters (3,000 L, 793 gallons, or 106 cubic feet). (2) Service equipment means filling and discharge, pressure relief, safety, heating and heat-insulating devices and measuring instruments. (3) Structural equipment means the reinforcing, fastening, handling, protective or stabilizing members of the body or stacking load bearing structural members (such as metal cages). (4) Maximum permissible gross mass means the mass of the body, its service equipment, structural equipment and the maximum net mass (see § 171.8 of this subchapter). | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.10 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.710 Standards for flexible IBCs. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended by Amdt. 178-108, 60 FR 40038, Aug. 4, 1995; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 75 FR 5397, Feb. 2, 2010] | (a) The provisions of this section apply to flexible IBCs intended to contain solid hazardous materials. Flexible IBC types are designated: (1) 13H1 woven plastic without coating or liner. (2) 13H2 woven plastic, coated. (3) 13H3 woven plastic with liner. (4) 13H4 woven plastic, coated and with liner. (5) 13H5 plastic film. (6) 13L1 textile without coating or liner. (7) 13L2 textile, coated. (8) 13L3 textile with liner. (9) 13L4 textile, coated and with liner. (10) 13M1 paper, multiwall. (11) 13M2 paper, multiwall, water resistant. (b) Definitions for flexible IBCs: (1) Flexible IBCs consist of a body constructed of film, woven plastic, woven fabric, paper, or combination thereof, together with any appropriate service equipment and handling devices, and if necessary, an inner coating or liner. (2) Woven plastic means a material made from stretched tapes or monofilaments. (3) Handling device means any sling, loop, eye, or frame attached to the body of the IBC or formed from a continuation of the IBC body material. (c) Construction requirements for flexible IBCs are as follows: (1) The strength of the material and the construction of the flexible IBC must be appropriate to its capacity and its intended use. (2) All materials used in the construction of flexible IBCs of types 13M1 and 13M2 must, after complete immersion in water for not less than 24 hours, retain at least 85 percent of the tensile strength as measured originally on the material conditioned to equilibrium at 67 percent relative humidity or less. (3) Seams must be stitched or formed by heat sealing, gluing or any equivalent method. All stitched seam-ends must be secured. (4) In addition to conformance with the requirements of § 173.24 of this subchapter, flexible IBCs must be resistant to aging and degradation caused by ultraviolet radiation. (5) For plastic flexible IBCs, if necessary, protection against ultraviolet radiation must be provided by the addition of pigments or inhibitors such as carbon black. These additives mu… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.2 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.702 IBC codes. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) Intermediate bulk container code designations consist of: two numerals specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section; followed by the capital letter(s) specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section; followed, when specified in an individual section, by a numeral indicating the category of intermediate bulk container. (1) IBC code number designations are as follows: (2) Intermediate bulk container code letter designations are as follows: “A” means steel (all types and surface treatments). “B” means aluminum. “C” means natural wood. “D” means plywood. “F” means reconstituted wood. “G” means fiberboard. “H” means plastic. “L” means textile. “M” means paper, multiwall. “N” means metal (other than steel or aluminum). “A” means steel (all types and surface treatments). “B” means aluminum. “C” means natural wood. “D” means plywood. “F” means reconstituted wood. “G” means fiberboard. “H” means plastic. “L” means textile. “M” means paper, multiwall. “N” means metal (other than steel or aluminum). (b) For composite IBCs, two capital letters are used in sequence following the numeral indicating IBC design type. The first letter indicates the material of the IBC inner receptacle. The second letter indicates the material of the outer IBC. For example, 31HA1 is a composite IBC with a plastic inner receptacle and a steel outer packaging. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.3 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.703 Marking of IBCs. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended by Amdt. 178-119, 62 FR 24743, May 6, 1997; 64 FR 10782, Mar. 5, 1999; 65 FR 50462, Aug. 18, 2000; 65 FR 58632, Sept. 29, 2000; 66 FR 33451, June 21, 2001; 66 FR 45387, Aug. 28, 2001; 74 FR 2269, Jan. 14, 2009; 75 FR 74, Jan. 4, 2010; 75 FR 5396, Feb. 2, 2010; 76 FR 3389, Jan. 19, 2011; 80 FR 1168, Jan. 8, 2015; 83 FR 55810, Nov. 7, 2018; 87 FR 45000, July 26, 2022] | (a) The manufacturer shall: (1) Mark every IBC in a durable and clearly visible manner. The marking may be applied in a single line or in multiple lines provided the correct sequence is followed with the information required by this section in letters, numerals and symbols of at least 12 mm in height. This minimum marking size applies only to IBCs manufactured after October 1, 2001). The following information is required in the sequence presented: (i) Except as provided in § 178.503(e)(1)(ii), the United Nations symbol as illustrated in § 178.503(e)(1)(i). For metal IBCs on which the marking is stamped or embossed, the capital letters “UN” may be applied instead of the symbol. (ii) The code number designating IBC design type according to § 178.702(a). The letter “W” must follow the IBC design type identification code on an IBC when the IBC differs from the requirements in subpart N of this part, or is tested using methods other than those specified in this subpart, and is approved by the Associate Administrator in accordance with the provisions in § 178.801(i). (iii) A capital letter identifying the performance standard under which the design type has been successfully tested, as follows: (A) X—for IBCs meeting Packing Group I, II and III tests; (B) Y—for IBCs meeting Packing Group II and III tests; and (C) Z—for IBCs meeting only Packing Group III tests. (iv) The month (designated numerically) and year (last two digits) of manufacture. (v) The country authorizing the allocation of the mark. The letters ‘USA’ indicate that the IBC is manufactured and marked in the United States in compliance with the provisions of this subchapter. (vi) The name and address or symbol of the manufacturer or the approval agency certifying compliance with subparts N and O of this part. Symbols, if used, must be registered with the Associate Administrator. (vii) The stacking test load in kilograms (kg). For IBCs not designed for stacking, the figure “0” must be shown. (viii) The maximum permissible gross mass in kg. (2) T… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.4 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.704 General IBC standards. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 68 FR 61942, Oct. 30, 2003] | (a) Each IBC must be resistant to, or protected from, deterioration due to exposure to the external environment. IBCs intended for solid hazardous materials must be sift-proof and water-resistant. (b) All service equipment must be so positioned or protected as to minimize potential loss of contents resulting from damage during IBC handling and transportation. (c) Each IBC, including attachments, and service and structural equipment, must be designed to withstand, without loss of hazardous materials, the internal pressure of the contents and the stresses of normal handling and transport. An IBC intended for stacking must be designed for stacking. Any lifting or securing features of an IBC must be of sufficient strength to withstand the normal conditions of handling and transportation without gross distortion or failure and must be positioned so as to cause no undue stress in any part of the IBC. (d) An IBC consisting of a packaging within a framework must be so constructed that: (1) The body is not damaged by the framework; (2) The body is retained within the framework at all times; and (3) The service and structural equipment are fixed in such a way that they cannot be damaged if the connections between body and frame allow relative expansion or motion. (e) Bottom discharge valves must be secured in the closed position and the discharge system suitably protected from damage. Valves having lever closures must be secured against accidental opening. The open or closed position of each valve must be readily apparent. For each IBC containing a liquid, a secondary means of sealing the discharge aperture must also be provided, e.g., by a blank flange or equivalent device. (f) IBC design types must be constructed in such a way as to be bottom-lifted or top-lifted as specified in §§ 178.811 and 178.812. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.5 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.705 Standards for metal IBCs. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended by Amdt. 178-108, 60 FR 40038, Aug. 4, 1995; Amdt. 178-117, 61 FR 50629, Sept. 26, 1996; 66 FR 33452, June 21, 2001; 66 FR 45386, 45387, Aug. 28, 2001; 68 FR 45041, July 31, 2003; 75 FR 5396, Feb. 2, 2010; 78 FR 1097, Jan. 7, 2013; 87 FR 45000, July 26, 2022] | (a) The provisions in this section apply to metal IBCs intended to contain liquids and solids. Metal IBC types are designated: (1) 11A, 11B, 11N for solids that are loaded or discharged by gravity. (2) 21A, 21B, 21N for solids that are loaded or discharged at a gauge pressure greater than 10 kPa (1.45 psig). (3) 31A, 31B, 31N for liquids. (b) Definitions for metal IBCs: (1) Metal IBC means an IBC with a metal body, together with appropriate service and structural equipment. (2) Protected means providing the IBC body with additional external protection against impact and abrasion. For example, a multi-layer (sandwich) or double wall construction or a frame with a metal lattice-work casing. (c) Construction requirements for metal IBCs are as follows: (1) Body. The body must be made of ductile metal materials. Welds must be made so as to maintain design type integrity of the receptacle under conditions normally incident to transportation. (i) The use of dissimilar metals must not result in deterioration that could affect the integrity of the body. (ii) Aluminum IBCs intended to contain flammable liquids must have no movable parts, such as covers and closures, made of unprotected steel liable to rust, which might cause a dangerous reaction from friction or percussive contact with the aluminum. (iii) Metals used in fabricating the body of a metal IBC must meet the following requirements: (A) For steel, the percentage elongation at fracture must not be less than 10,000/Rm with a minimum of 20 percent; where Rm = minimum tensile strength of the steel to be used, in N/mm 2 ; if U.S. Standard units of psi are used for tensile strength then the ratio becomes 10,000 × (145/Rm). (B) For aluminum, the percentage elongation at fracture must not be less than 10,000/(6Rm) with an absolute minimum of eight percent; if U.S. Standard units of psi are used for tensile strength then the ratio becomes 10,000 × 145 / (6Rm). (C) Specimens used to determine the elongation at fracture must be taken transversely to the… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.6 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.706 Standards for rigid plastic IBCs. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, 45387, Aug. 28, 2001; 75 FR 5396, Feb. 2, 2010; 89 FR 25490, Apr. 10, 2024] | (a) The provisions in this section apply to rigid plastic IBCs intended to contain solids or liquids. Rigid plastic IBC types are designated: (1) 11H1 fitted with structural equipment designed to withstand the whole load when IBCs are stacked, for solids which are loaded or discharged by gravity. (2) 11H2 freestanding, for solids which are loaded or discharged by gravity. (3) 21H1 fitted with structural equipment designed to withstand the whole load when IBCs are stacked, for solids which are loaded or discharged under pressure. (4) 21H2 freestanding, for solids which are loaded or discharged under pressure. (5) 31H1 fitted with structural equipment designed to withstand the whole load when IBCs are stacked, for liquids. (6) 31H2 freestanding, for liquids. (b) Rigid plastic IBCs consist of a rigid plastic body, which may have structural equipment, together with appropriate service equipment. (c) Rigid plastic IBCs must be manufactured from plastic material of known specifications and be of a strength relative to its capacity and to the service it is required to perform. In addition to conformance to § 173.24 of this subchapter, plastic materials must be resistant to aging and to degradation caused by ultraviolet radiation. (1) If protection against ultraviolet radiation is necessary, it must be provided by the addition of a pigment or inhibiter such as carbon black. These additives must be compatible with the contents and remain effective throughout the life of the IBC body. Where use is made of carbon black, pigments or inhibitors, other than those used in the manufacture of the tested design type, retesting may be omitted if changes in the carbon black content, the pigment content or the inhibitor content do not adversely affect the physical properties of the material of construction. (2) Additives may be included in the composition of the plastic material to improve the resistance to aging or to serve other purposes, provided they do not adversely affect the physical or chemical properties of the mat… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.7 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.707 Standards for composite IBCs. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended by Amdt. 178-119, 62 FR 24743, May 6, 1997; 66 FR 45387, Aug. 28, 2001; 67 FR 61016, Sept. 27, 2002; 68 FR 75758, Dec. 31, 2003; 69 FR 54046, Sept. 7, 2004; 75 FR 5396, Feb. 2, 2010; 89 FR 25490, Apr. 10, 2024] | (a) The provisions in this section apply to composite IBCs intended to contain solids and liquids. To complete the marking codes listed below, the letter “Z” must be replaced by a capital letter in accordance with § 178.702(a)(2) to indicate the material used for the outer packaging. Composite IBC types are designated: (1) 11HZ1 Composite IBCs with a rigid plastic inner receptacle for solids loaded or discharged by gravity. (2) 11HZ2 Composite IBCs with a flexible plastic inner receptacle for solids loaded or discharged by gravity. (3) 21HZ1 Composite IBCs with a rigid plastic inner receptacle for solids loaded or discharged under pressure. (4) 21HZ2 Composite IBCs with a flexible plastic inner receptacle for solids loaded or discharged under pressure. (5) 31HZ1 Composite IBCs with a rigid plastic inner receptacle for liquids. (6) 31HZ2 Composite IBCs with a flexible plastic inner receptacle for liquids. (b) Definitions for composite IBC types: (1) A composite IBC is an IBC which consists of a rigid outer packaging enclosing a plastic inner receptacle together with any service or other structural equipment. The outer packaging of a composite IBC is designed to bear the entire stacking load. The inner receptacle and outer packaging form an integral packaging and are filled, stored, transported, and emptied as a unit. (2) The term plastic means polymeric materials ( i.e. , plastic or rubber). (3) A “rigid” inner receptacle is an inner receptacle which retains its general shape when empty without closures in place and without benefit of the outer casing. Any inner receptacle that is not “rigid” is considered to be “flexible.” (c) Construction requirements for composite IBCs with plastic inner receptacles are as follows: (1) The outer packaging must consist of rigid material formed so as to protect the inner receptacle from physical damage during handling and transportation, but is not required to perform the secondary containment function. It includes the base pallet where appropriate. The inner recept… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.8 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.708 Standards for fiberboard IBCs. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 68 FR 75758, Dec. 31, 2003; 75 FR 5396, Feb. 2, 2010] | (a) The provisions of this section apply to fiberboard IBCs intended to contain solids that are loaded or discharged by gravity. Fiberboard IBCs are designated: 11G. (b) Definitions for fiberboard IBC types: (1) Fiberboard IBCs consist of a fiberboard body with or without separate top and bottom caps, appropriate service and structural equipment, and if necessary an inner liner (but no inner packaging). (2) Liner means a separate tube or bag, including the closures of its openings, inserted in the body but not forming an integral part of it. (c) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in fiberboard IBCs. (2) Fiberboard IBCs must be constructed of strong, solid or double-faced corrugated fiberboard (single or multiwall) that is appropriate to the capacity of the outer packaging and its intended use. Water resistance of the outer surface must be such that the increase in mass, as determined in a test carried out over a period of 30 minutes by the Cobb method of determining water absorption, is not greater than 155 grams per square meter (0.0316 pounds per square foot)—see ISO 535 (E) (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). Fiberboard must have proper bending qualities. Fiberboard must be cut, creased without cutting through any thickness of fiberboard, and slotted so as to permit assembly without cracking, surface breaks, or undue bending. The fluting of corrugated fiberboard must be firmly glued to the facings. (i) The walls, including top and bottom, must have a minimum puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii) Manufacturers' joints in the bodies of IBCs must be made with an appropriate overlap and be taped, glued, stitched with metal staples or fastened by other means at least equally effective. Where joints are made by gluing or taping, a water-resistant adhesive must be used. Metal staples must pass completely through all pieces to be fastened and … | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.11.1.9 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | N | Subpart N—IBC Performance-Oriented Standards | § 178.709 Standards for wooden IBCs. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38068, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 75 FR 5397, Feb. 2, 2010] | (a) The provisions in this section apply to wooden IBCs intended to contain solids that are loaded or discharged by gravity. Wooden IBC types are designated: (1) 11C Natural wood with inner liner. (2) 11D Plywood with inner liner. (3) 11F Reconstituted wood with inner liner. (b) Definitions for wooden IBCs: (1) Wooden IBCs consist of a rigid or collapsible wooden body together with an inner liner (but no inner packaging) and appropriate service and structural equipment. (2) Liner means a separate tube or bag, including the closures of its openings, inserted in the body but not forming an integral part of it. (c) Construction requirements for wooden IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in wooden IBCs. (2) The strength of the materials used and the method of construction must be appropriate to the capacity and intended use of the IBC. (i) Natural wood used in the construction of an IBC must be well-seasoned, commercially dry, and free from defects that would materially lessen the strength of any part of the IBC. Each IBC part must consist of uncut wood or a piece equivalent in strength and integrity. IBC parts are equivalent to one piece when a suitable method of glued assembly is used ( i.e. , a Lindermann joint, tongue and groove joint, ship lap or rabbet joint, or butt joint with at least two corrugated metal fasteners at each joint, or when other methods at least equally effective are used). Materials other than natural wood may be used for the construction of structural equipment of the outer packaging. (ii) Plywood used in construction of bodies must be at least 3-ply. Plywood must be made of well-seasoned, rotary-cut, sliced or sawn veneer, commercially dry, and free from defects that would materially lessen the strength of the body. All adjacent plies must be glued with water-resistant adhesive. Materials other than plywood may be used for the construction of structural equipment of the outer packaging. (iii) Reconstituted wood used in construction of bodies must be wa… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.1 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.800 Purpose and scope. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended by 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | This subpart prescribes certain testing requirements for IBCs identified in subpart N of this part. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.10 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.815 Stacking test. | PHMSA | [75 FR 5397, Feb. 2, 2010] | (a) General. The stacking test must be conducted for the qualification of all IBC design types intended to be stacked. (b) Special preparation for the stacking test. (1) All IBCs except flexible IBC design types must be loaded to their maximum permissible gross mass. (2) The flexible IBC must be filled to not less than 95 percent of its capacity and to its maximum net mass, with the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. (1) Design Qualification Testing. All IBCs must be placed on their base on level, hard ground and subjected to a uniformly distributed superimposed test load for a period of at least five minutes (see paragraph (c)(5) of this section). (2) Fiberboard, wooden and composite IBCs with outer packagings constructed of other than plastic materials must be subject to the test for 24 hours. (3) Rigid plastic IBC types and composite IBC types with plastic outer packagings (11HH1, 11HH2, 21HH1, 21HH2, 31HH1 and 31HH2) which bear the stacking load must be subjected to the test for 28 days at 40 °C (104 °F). (4) For all IBCs, the load must be applied by one of the following methods: (i) One or more IBCs of the same type loaded to their maximum permissible gross mass and stacked on the test IBC; (ii) The calculated superimposed test load weight loaded on either a flat plate or a reproduction of the base of the IBC, which is stacked on the test IBC. (5) Calculation of superimposed test load. For all IBCs, the load to be placed on the IBC must be 1.8 times the combined maximum permissible gross mass of the number of similar IBCs that may be stacked on top of the IBC during transportation. (d) Periodic Retest. (1) The package must be tested in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section; or (2) The packaging may be tested using a dynamic compression testing machine. The test must be conducted at room temperature on an empty, unsealed packaging. The test sample must be centered on the bottom platen of the testing machine. The top platen must be lowered until it comes in contact … | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.11 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.816 Topple test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) General. The topple test must be conducted for the qualification of all flexible IBC design types. (b) Special preparation for the topple test. The flexible IBC must be filled to not less than 95 percent of its capacity and to its maximum net mass, with the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. A flexible IBC must be toppled onto any part of its top upon a rigid, non-resilient, smooth, flat, and horizontal surface. (d) Topple height. For all flexible IBCs, the topple height is specified as follows: (1) Packing Group I: 1.8 m (5.9 feet). (2) Packing Group II: 1.2 m (3.9 feet). (3) Packing Group III: 0.8 m (2.6 feet). (e) Criteria for passing the test. For all flexible IBCs, there may be no loss of contents. A slight discharge (e.g., from closures or stitch holes) upon impact is not considered to be a failure, provided no further leakage occurs. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.12 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.817 Righting test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) General. The righting test must be conducted for the qualification of all flexible IBCs designed to be lifted from the top or side. (b) Special preparation for the righting test. The flexible IBC must be filled to not less than 95 percent of its capacity and to its maximum net mass, with the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. The flexible IBC, lying on its side, must be lifted at a speed of at least 0.1 m/second (0.33 ft/s) to an upright position, clear of the floor, by one lifting device, or by two lifting devices when four are provided. (d) Criterion for passing the test. For all flexible IBCs, there may be no damage to the IBC or its lifting devices which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation or handling. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.13 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.818 Tear test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) General. The tear test must be conducted for the qualification of all flexible IBC design types. (b) Special preparation for the tear test. The flexible IBC must be filled to not less than 95 percent of its capacity and to its maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. Once the IBC is placed on the ground, a 100-mm (4-inch) knife score, completely penetrating the wall of a wide face, is made at a 45° angle to the principal axis of the IBC, halfway between the bottom surface and the top level of the contents. The IBC must then be subjected to a uniformly distributed superimposed load equivalent to twice the maximum net mass. The load must be applied for at least five minutes. An IBC which is designed to be lifted from the top or the side must, after removal of the superimposed load, be lifted clear of the floor and maintained in that position for a period of five minutes. (d) Criterion for passing the test. The IBC passes the tear test if the cut does not propagate more than 25 percent of its original length. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.14 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.819 Vibration test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended by Amdt. 178-108, 60 FR 40038, Aug. 4, 1995; Amdt. 178-110, 60 FR 49111, Sept. 21, 1995; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 75 FR 5397, Feb. 2, 2010] | (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the qualification of all rigid IBC design types. Flexible IBC design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test method. (1) A sample IBC, selected at random, must be filled and closed as for shipment. IBCs intended for liquids may be tested using water as the filling material for the vibration test. (2) The sample IBC must be placed on a vibrating platform with a vertical or rotary double-amplitude (peak-to-peak displacement) of one inch. The IBC must be constrained horizontally to prevent it from falling off the platform, but must be left free to move vertically and bounce. (3) The test must be performed for one hour at a frequency that causes the package to be raised from the vibrating platform to such a degree that a piece of material of approximately 1.6-mm (0.063-inch) thickness (such as steel strapping or paperboard) can be passed between the bottom of the IBC and the platform. Other methods at least equally effective may be used (see § 178.801(i)). (c) Criteria for passing the test. An IBC passes the vibration test if there is no rupture or leakage. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.2 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.801 General requirements. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended by Amdt. 178-108, 60 FR 40038, Aug. 4, 1995; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 66 FR 33452, June 21, 2001; 68 FR 75758, Dec. 31, 2003; 73 FR 57008, Oct. 1, 2008; 74 FR 2269, Jan. 14, 2009; 75 FR 5397, Feb. 2, 2010; 78 FR 14715, Mar. 7, 2013; 78 FR 65487, Oct. 31, 2013; 80 FR 72929, Nov. 23, 2015; 85 FR 27901, May 11, 2020] | (a) General. The test procedures prescribed in this subpart are intended to ensure that IBCs containing hazardous materials can withstand normal conditions of transportation and are considered minimum requirements. Each packaging must be manufactured and assembled so as to be capable of successfully passing the prescribed tests and of conforming to the requirements of § 173.24 of this subchapter at all times while in transportation. (b) Responsibility. It is the responsibility of the IBC manufacturer to assure that each IBC is capable of passing the prescribed tests. To the extent that an IBC assembly function, including final closure, is performed by the person who offers a hazardous material for transportation, that person is responsible for performing the function in accordance with §§ 173.22 and 178.2 of this subchapter. (c) Definitions. For the purpose of this subpart: (1) IBC design type refers to an IBC that does not differ in structural design, size, material of construction, wall thickness, manner of construction and representative service equipment. (2) Design qualification testing is the performance of the drop, leakproofness, hydrostatic pressure, stacking, bottom-lift or top-lift, tear, topple, righting and vibration tests, as applicable, prescribed in this subpart, for each different IBC design type, at the start of production of that packaging. (3) Periodic design requalification test is the performance of the applicable tests specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section on an IBC design type, in order to requalify the design for continued production at the frequency specified in paragraph (e) of this section. (4) Production inspection is the inspection that must initially be conducted on each newly manufactured IBC. (5) Production testing is the performance of the leakproofness test in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section on each IBC intended to contain solids discharged by pressure or intended to contain liquids. (6) Periodic retest and inspection is performanc… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.3 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.802 Preparation of fiberboard IBCs for testing. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) Fiberboard IBCs and composite IBCs with fiberboard outer packagings must be conditioned for at least 24 hours in an atmosphere maintained: (1) At 50 percent ±2 percent relative humidity, and at a temperature of 23° ±2 °C (73 °F ±4 °F); or (2) At 65 percent ±2 percent relative humidity, and at a temperature of 20° ±2 °C (68 °F ±4 °F), or 27 °C ±2 °C (81 °F ±4 °F). (b) Average values for temperature and humidity must fall within the limits in paragraph (a) of this section. Short-term fluctuations and measurement limitations may cause individual measurements to vary by up to ±5 percent relative humidity without significant impairment of test reproducibility. (c) For purposes of periodic design requalification only, fiberboard IBCs or composite IBCs with fiberboard outer packagings may be at ambient conditions. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.4 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.803 Testing and certification of IBCs. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-108, 60 FR 40039, Aug. 4, 1995, as amended at 64 FR 51919, Sept. 27, 1999; 66 FR 45386, 45390, Aug. 28, 2001] | Tests required for the certification of each IBC design type are specified in the following table. The letter X indicates that one IBC (except where noted) of each design type must be subjected to the tests in the order presented: 1 Flexible IBCs must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. 2 This test must be performed only if IBCs are designed to be handled this way. For metal IBCs, at least one of the bottom lift or top lift tests must be performed. 3 The leakproofness and hydrostatic pressure tests are required only for IBCs intended to contain liquids or intended to contain solids loaded or discharged under pressure. 4 Another IBC of the same design type may be used for the drop test set forth in § 178.810 of this subchapter. 5 Another different flexible IBC of the same design type may be used for each test. 6 The vibration test may be performed in another order for IBCs manufactured and tested under provisions of an exemption before October 1, 1994 and for non-DOT specification portable tanks tested before October 1, 1994, intended for export. 7 This test must be performed only if the IBC is designed to be stacked. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.5 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.810 Drop test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 69 FR 76186, Dec. 20, 2004; 71 FR 78635, Dec. 29, 2006; 74 FR 2269, Jan. 14, 2009; 75 FR 5397, Feb. 2, 2010; 85 FR 27901, May 11, 2020] | (a) General. The drop test must be conducted for the qualification of all IBC design types and performed periodically as specified in § 178.801(e) of this subpart. (b) Special preparation for the drop test. (1) Metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBCs intended to contain solids must be filled to not less than 95 percent of their maximum capacity, or if intended to contain liquids, to not less than 98 percent of their maximum capacity. Pressure relief devices must be removed and their apertures plugged or rendered inoperative. (2) Fiberboard and wooden IBCs must be filled with a solid material to not less than 95 percent of their maximum capacity; the contents must be evenly distributed. (3) Flexible IBCs must be filled to the maximum permissible gross mass; the contents must be evenly distributed. (4) Rigid plastic IBCs and composite IBCs with plastic inner receptacles must be conditioned for testing by reducing the temperature of the packaging and its contents to −18 °C (0 °F) or lower. Test liquids must be kept in the liquid state, if necessary, by the addition of anti-freeze. Water/anti-freeze solutions with a minimum specific gravity of 0.95 for testing at −18 °C (0 °F) or lower are considered acceptable test liquids, and may be considered equivalent to water for test purposes. IBCs conditioned in this way are not required to be conditioned in accordance with § 178.802. (c) Test method. (1) Samples of all IBC design types must be dropped onto a rigid, non-resilient, smooth, flat and horizontal surface. The point of impact must be the most vulnerable part of the base of the IBC being tested. Following the drop, the IBC must be restored to the upright position for observation. (2) IBC design types with a capacity of 0.45 cubic meters (15.9 cubic feet) or less must be subject to an additional drop test. The same IBC or a different IBC of the same design may be used for each drop. (d) Drop height. (1) For all IBCs, drop heights are specified as follows: (i) Packing Group I: 1.8 m (5.9 feet). (ii)… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.6 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.811 Bottom lift test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) General. The bottom lift test must be conducted for the qualification of all IBC design types designed to be lifted from the base. (b) Special preparation for the bottom lift test. The IBC must be loaded to 1.25 times its maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. All IBC design types must be raised and lowered twice by a lift truck with the forks centrally positioned and spaced at three quarters of the dimension of the side of entry (unless the points of entry are fixed). The forks must penetrate to three quarters of the direction of entry. The test must be repeated from each possible direction of entry. (d) Criteria for passing the test. For all IBC design types designed to be lifted from the base, there may be no permanent deformation which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation and no loss of contents. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.7 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.812 Top lift test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 33452, June 21, 2001; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 68 FR 45042, July 31, 2003] | (a) General. The top lift test must be conducted for the qualification of all IBC design types designed to be lifted from the top or, for flexible IBCs, from the side. (b) Special preparation for the top lift test. (1) Metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBC design types must be loaded to twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. (1) A metal or flexible IBC must be lifted in the manner for which it is designed until clear of the floor and maintained in that position for a period of five minutes. (2) Rigid plastic and composite IBC design types must be: (i) Lifted by each pair of diagonally opposite lifting devices, so that the hoisting forces are applied vertically, for a period of five minutes; and (ii) Lifted by each pair of diagonally opposite lifting devices, so that the hoisting forces are applied towards the center at 45° to the vertical, for a period of five minutes. (3) If not tested as indicated in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, a flexible IBC design type must be tested as follows: (i) Fill the flexible IBC to 95% full with a material representative of the product to be shipped. (ii) Suspend the flexible IBC by its lifting devices. (iii) Apply a constant downward force through a specially designed platen. The platen will be a minimum of 60% and a maximum of 80% of the cross sectional surface area of the flexible IBC. (iv) The combination of the mass of the filled flexible IBC and the force applied through the platen must be a minimum of six times the maximum net mass of the flexible IBC. The test must be conducted for a period of five minutes. (v) Other equally effective methods of top lift testing and preparation may be used with approval of the Associate Administrator. (d) Criteria for passing the test. For all IBC design types designed to be lifted from the top, there may be no permanent deformation which rend… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.8 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.813 Leakproofness test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 64 FR 10782, Mar. 5, 1999; 66 FR 45185, 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) General. The leakproofness test must be conducted for the qualification of all IBC design types and on all production units intended to contain solids that are loaded or discharged under pressure or intended to contain liquids. (b) Special preparation for the leakproofness test. Vented closures must either be replaced by similar non-vented closures or the vent must be sealed. For metal IBC design types, the initial test must be carried out before the fitting of any thermal insulation equipment. The inner receptacle of a composite IBC may be tested without the outer packaging provided the test results are not affected. (c) Test method and pressure applied. The leakproofness test must be carried out for a suitable length of time using air at a gauge pressure of not less than 20 kPa (2.9 psig). Leakproofness of IBC design types must be determined by coating the seams and joints with a heavy oil, a soap solution and water, or other methods suitable for the purpose of detecting leaks. Other methods, if at least equally effective, may be used in accordance with appendix B of this part, or if approved by the Associate Administrator, as provided in § 178.801(i)). (d) Criterion for passing the test. For all IBC design types intended to contain solids that are loaded or discharged under pressure or intended to contain liquids, there may be no leakage of air from the IBC. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.12.1.9 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | O | Subpart O—Testing of IBCs | § 178.814 Hydrostatic pressure test. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 45185, 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) General. The hydrostatic pressure test must be conducted for the qualification of all metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBC design types intended to contain solids that are loaded or discharged under pressure or intended to contain liquids. (b) Special preparation for the hydrostatic pressure test. For metal IBCs, the test must be carried out before the fitting of any thermal insulation equipment. For all IBCs, pressure relief devices and vented closures must be removed and their apertures plugged or rendered inoperative. (c) Test method. Hydrostatic gauge pressure must be measured at the top of the IBC. The test must be carried out for a period of at least 10 minutes applying a hydrostatic gauge pressure not less than that indicated in paragraph (d) of this section. The IBCs may not be mechanically restrained during the test. (d) Hydrostatic gauge pressure applied. (1) For metal IBC design types, 31A, 31B, 31N: 65 kPa gauge pressure (9.4 psig). (2) For metal IBC design types 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B, 31N: 200 kPa (29 psig). For metal IBC design types 31A, 31B and 31N, the tests in paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section must be conducted consecutively. (3) For metal IBCs design types 21A, 21B, and 21N, for Packing Group I solids: 250 kPa (36 psig) gauge pressure. (4) For rigid plastic IBC design types 21H1 and 21H2 and composite IBC design types 21HZ1 and 21HZ2: 75 kPa (11 psig). (5) For rigid plastic IBC design types 31H1 and 31H2 and composite IBC design types 31HZ1 and 31HZ2: whichever is the greater of: (i) The pressure determined by any one of the following methods: (A) The gauge pressure (pressure in the IBC above ambient atmospheric pressure) measured in the IBC at 55 °C (131 °F) multiplied by a safety factor of 1.5. This pressure must be determined on the basis of the IBC being filled and closed to no more than 98 percent capacity at 15 °C (60 °F); (B) If absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) is used, 1.5 multiplied by the vapor… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.13.1.1 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | P | Subpart P—Large Packagings Standards | § 178.900 Purpose and scope. | PHMSA | (a) This subpart prescribes requirements for Large Packaging intended for the transportation of hazardous materials. Standards for these packagings are based on the UN Recommendations. (b) Terms used in this subpart are defined in § 171.8 of this subchapter. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.13.1.2 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | P | Subpart P—Large Packagings Standards | § 178.905 Large Packaging identification codes. | PHMSA | Large packaging code designations consist of: two numerals specified in paragraph (a) of this section; followed by the capital letter(s) specified in paragraph (b) of this section. (a) Large packaging code number designations are as follows: 50 for rigid Large Packagings; or 51 for flexible Large Packagings. (b) Large Packagings code letter designations are as follows: (1) “A” means steel (all types and surface treatments). (2) “B” means aluminum. (3) “C” means natural wood. (4) “D” means plywood. (5) “F” means reconstituted wood. (6) “G” means fiberboard. (7) “H” means plastic. (8) “M” means paper, multiwall. (9) “N” means metal (other than steel or aluminum). | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.13.1.3 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | P | Subpart P—Large Packagings Standards | § 178.910 Marking of Large Packagings. | PHMSA | [75 FR 5397, Feb. 2, 2010, as amended at 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010; 78 FR 1097, Jan. 7, 2013; 80 FR 1168, Jan. 8, 2015] | (a) The manufacturer must: (1) Mark every Large Packaging in a durable and clearly visible manner. The marking may be applied in a single line or in multiple lines provided the correct sequence is followed with the information required by this section, in letters, numerals, and symbols of at least 12 mm in height. This minimum marking size requirement applies only to large packages manufactured after January 1, 2014. The following information is required in the sequence presented: (i) Except as provided in § 178.503(e)(1)(ii), the United Nations packaging symbol as illustrated in § 178.503(e)(1)(i). For metal Large Packagings on which the marking is stamped or embossed, the capital letters “UN” may be applied instead of the symbol; (ii) The code number designating the Large Packaging design type according to § 178.905. The letters “T” or “W” may follow the Large Packaging design type identification code on a Large Packaging. Large Salvage Packagings conforming to the requirements of subpart P of this part must be marked with the letter “T”. Large Packagings must be marked with the letter “W” when the Large Packaging differs from the requirements in subpart P of this part, or is tested using methods other than those specified in this subpart, and is approved by the Associate Administrator in accordance with the provisions in § 178.955; (iii) A capital letter identifying the performance standard under which the design type has been successfully tested, as follows: (A) X—for Large Packagings meeting Packing Groups I, II and III tests; (B) Y—for Large Packagings meeting Packing Groups II and III tests; and (C) Z—for Large Packagings meeting Packing Group III test. (iv) The month (designated numerically) and year (last two digits) of manufacture; (v) The country authorizing the allocation of the mark. The letters “USA” indicate that the Large Packaging is manufactured and marked in the United States in compliance with the provisions of this subchapter. (vi) The name and address or symbol of the manufacture… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.13.1.4 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | P | Subpart P—Large Packagings Standards | § 178.915 General Large Packaging standards. | PHMSA | [75 FR 5397, Feb. 2, 2010, as amended at 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010] | (a) Each Large Packaging must be resistant to, or protected from, deterioration due to exposure to the external environment. Large Packagings intended for solid hazardous materials must be sift-proof and water-resistant. (b) All service equipment must be positioned or protected to minimize potential loss of contents resulting from damage during Large Packaging handling and transportation. (c) Each Large Packaging, including attachments and service and structural equipment, must be designed to withstand, without loss of hazardous materials, the internal pressure of the contents and the stresses of normal handling and transport. A Large Packaging intended for stacking must be designed for stacking. Any lifting or securing features of a Large Packaging must be sufficient strength to withstand the normal conditions of handling and transportation without gross distortion or failure and must be positioned so as to cause no undue stress in any part of the Large Packaging. (d) A Large Packaging consisting of packagings within a framework must be so constructed that the packaging is not damaged by the framework and is retained within the framework at all times. (e) Large Packaging design types must be constructed in such a way as to be bottom-lifted or top-lifted as specified in §§ 178.970 and 178.975. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.13.1.5 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | P | Subpart P—Large Packagings Standards | § 178.920 Standards for metal Large Packagings. | PHMSA | (a) The provisions in this section apply to metal Large Packagings intended to contain liquids and solids. Metal Large Packaging types are designated: (1) 50A steel (2) 50B aluminum (3) 50N metal (other than steel or aluminum) (b) Each Large Packaging must be made of suitable ductile metal materials. Welds must be made so as to maintain design type integrity of the receptacle under conditions normally incident to transportation. Low-temperature performance must be taken into account when appropriate. (c) The use of dissimilar metals must not result in deterioration that could affect the integrity of the Large Packaging. (d) Metal Large Packagings may not have a volumetric capacity greater than 3,000 L (793 gallons) and not less than 450 L (119 gallons). | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.13.1.6 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | P | Subpart P—Large Packagings Standards | § 178.925 Standards for rigid plastic Large Packagings. | PHMSA | (a) The provisions in this section apply to rigid plastic Large Packagings intended to contain liquids and solids. Rigid plastic Large Packaging types are designated: (1) 50H rigid plastics. (2) [Reserved] (b) A rigid plastic Large Packaging must be manufactured from plastic material of known specifications and be of a strength relative to its capacity and to the service it is required to perform. In addition to conformance to § 173.24 of this subchapter, plastic materials must be resistant to aging and to degradation caused by ultraviolet radiation. (1) If protection against ultraviolet radiation is necessary, it must be provided by the addition of a pigment or inhibiter such as carbon black to plastic materials. These additives must be compatible with the contents and remain effective throughout the life of the plastic Large Packaging body. Where use is made of carbon black, pigments or inhibitors, other than those used in the manufacture of the tested design type, retesting may be omitted if changes in the carbon black content, the pigment content or the inhibitor content do not adversely affect the physical properties of the material of construction. (2) Additives may be included in the composition of the plastic material to improve the resistance to aging or to serve other purposes, provided they do not adversely affect the physical or chemical properties of the material of construction. (3) No used material other than production residues or regrind from the same manufacturing process may be used in the manufacture of rigid plastic Large Packagings. (c) Rigid plastic Large Packagings: (1) May not have a volumetric capacity greater than 3,000 L (793 gallons); and (2) May not have a volumetric capacity less than 450 L (119 gallons). | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.13.1.7 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | P | Subpart P—Large Packagings Standards | § 178.930 Standards for fiberboard Large Packagings. | PHMSA | [75 FR 5397, Feb. 2, 2010, as amended at 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010] | (a) The provisions in this section apply to fiberboard Large Packagings intended to contain solids. Rigid fiberboard Large Packaging types are designated: (1) 50G fiberboard (2) [Reserved] (b) Construction requirements for fiberboard Large Packagings. (1) Fiberboard Large Packagings must be constructed of strong, solid or double-faced corrugated fiberboard (single or multiwall) that is appropriate to the capacity of the Large Packagings and to their intended use. Water resistance of the outer surface must be such that the increase in mass, as determined in a test carried out over a period of 30 minutes by the Cobb method of determining water absorption, is not greater than 155 grams per square meter (0.0316 pounds per square foot)— see ISO 535 (E) (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). Fiberboard must have proper bending qualities. Fiberboard must be cut, creased without cutting through any thickness of fiberboard, and slotted so as to permit assembly without cracking, surface breaks or undue bending. The fluting or corrugated fiberboard must be firmly glued to the facings. (i) The walls, including top and bottom, must have a minimum puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii) Manufacturers' joints in the outer packaging of Large Packagings must be made with an appropriate overlap and be taped, glued, stitched with metal staples or fastened by other means at least equally effective. Where joints are made by gluing or taping, a water resistant adhesive must be used. Metal staples must pass completely through all pieces to be fastened and be formed or protected so that any inner liner cannot be abraded or punctured by them. (2) Integral and detachable pallets. (i) Any integral pallet base forming part of a Large Packaging or any detachable pallet must be suitable for mechanical handling with the Large Packaging filled to its maximum permissible gross mass. (ii) The pallet or integral base must be designed to a… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.13.1.8 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | P | Subpart P—Large Packagings Standards | § 178.935 Standards for wooden Large Packagings. | PHMSA | (a) The provisions in this section apply to wooden Large Packagings intended to contain solids. Wooden Large Packaging types are designated: (1) 50C natural wood. (2) 50D plywood. (3) 50F reconstituted wood. (b) Construction requirements for wooden Large Packagings are as follows: (1) The strength of the materials used and the method of construction must be appropriate to the capacity and intended use of the Large Packagings. (i) Natural wood used in the construction of Large Packagings must be well-seasoned, commercially dry and free from defects that would materially lessen the strength of any part of the Large Packagings. Each Large Packaging part must consist of uncut wood or a piece equivalent in strength and integrity. Large Packagings parts are equivalent to one piece when a suitable method of glued assembly is used ( i.e., a Lindermann joint, tongue and groove joint, ship, lap or babbet joint; or butt joint with at least two corrugated metal fasteners at each joint, or when other methods at least equally effective are used). (ii) Plywood used in construction must be at least 3-ply. Plywood must be made of well-seasoned rotary cut, sliced or sawn veneer, commercially dry and free from defects that would materially lessen the strength of the Large Packagings. All adjacent piles must be glued with water resistant adhesive. Materials other than plywood may be used for the construction of the Large Packaging. (iii) Reconstituted wood used in the construction of Large Packagings must be water resistant reconstituted wood such as hardboard, particle board or other suitable type. (iv) Wooden Large Packagings must be firmly nailed or secured to corner posts or ends or be assembled by similar devices. (2) Integral and detachable pallets. (i) Any integral pallet base forming part of a Large Packaging, or any detachable pallet must be suitable for mechanical handling of a Large Packaging filled to its maximum permissible gross mass. (ii) The pallet or integral base must be designed to avoid protrusion t… | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.13.1.9 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | P | Subpart P—Large Packagings Standards | § 178.940 Standards for flexible Large Packagings. | PHMSA | (a) The provisions in this section apply to flexible Large Packagings intended to contain liquids and solids. Flexible Large Packagings types are designated: (1) 51H flexible plastics. (2) 51M flexible paper. (b) Construction requirements for flexible Large Packagings are as follows: (1) The strength of the material and the construction of the flexible Large Packagings must be appropriate to its capacity and its intended use. (2) All materials used in the construction of flexible Large Packagings of types 51M must, after complete immersion in water for not less than 24 hours, retain at least 85 percent of the tensile strength as measured originally on the material conditioned to equilibrium at 67 percent relative humidity or less. (3) Seams must be stitched or formed by heat sealing, gluing or any equivalent method. All stitched seam-ends must be secured. (4) In addition to conformance with the requirements of § 173.24 of this subchapter, flexible Large Packaging must be resistant to aging and degradation caused by ultraviolet radiation. (5) For plastic flexible Large Packagings, if necessary, protection against ultraviolet radiation must be provided by the addition of pigments or inhibitors such as carbon black. These additives must be compatible with the contents and remain effective throughout the life of the Large Packaging. Where use is made of carbon black, pigments or inhibitors other than those used in the manufacture of the tested design type, retesting may be omitted if the carbon black content, the pigment content or the inhibitor content do not adversely affect the physical properties of the material of construction. (6) Additives may be included in the composition of the material of the Large Packaging to improve the resistance to aging, provided they do not adversely affect the physical or chemical properties of the material. (7) When flexible material Large Packagings are filled, the ratio of height to width must be no more than 2:1. (c) Flexible Large Packagings: (1) May not have a vol… | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.14.1.1 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | Q | Subpart Q—Testing of Large Packagings | § 178.950 Purpose and scope. | PHMSA | This subpart prescribes certain testing requirements for Large Packagings identified in subpart P of this part. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.14.1.2 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | Q | Subpart Q—Testing of Large Packagings | § 178.955 General requirements. | PHMSA | [75 FR 5400, Feb. 2, 2010, as amended at 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010; 76 FR 3389, Jan. 19, 2011; 78 FR 14715, Mar. 7, 2013; 78 FR 65487, Oct. 31, 2013; 81 FR 35545, June 2, 2016] | (a) General. The test procedures prescribed in this subpart are intended to ensure that Large Packagings containing hazardous materials can withstand normal conditions of transportation. These test procedures are considered minimum requirements. Each packaging must be manufactured and assembled so as to be capable of successfully passing the prescribed tests and to conform to the requirements of § 173.24 of this subchapter while in transportation. (b) Responsibility. The Large Packaging manufacturer is responsible for ensuring each Large Packaging is capable of passing the prescribed tests. To the extent a Large Packaging's assembly function, including final closure, is performed by the person who offers a hazardous material for transportation, that person is responsible for performing the function in accordance with §§ 173.22 and 178.2 of this subchapter. (c) Definitions. For the purpose of this subpart: (1) Large packaging design type refers to a Large Packaging which does not differ in structural design, size, material of construction and packing. (2) Design qualification testing is the performance of the drop, stacking, and bottom-lift or top-lift tests, as applicable, prescribed in this subpart, for each different Large Packaging design type, at the start of production of that packaging. (3) Periodic design requalification test is the performance of the applicable tests specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section on a Large Packaging design type, to requalify the design for continued production at the frequency specified in paragraph (e) of this section. (4) Production inspection is the inspection, which must initially be conducted on each newly manufactured Large Packaging. (5) Different Large Packaging design type is one which differs from a previously qualified Large Packaging design type in structural design, size, material of construction, wall thickness, or manner of construction, but does not include: (i) A packaging which differs in surface treatment; (ii) A rigid plastic L… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.14.1.3 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | Q | Subpart Q—Testing of Large Packagings | § 178.960 Preparation of Large Packagings for testing. | PHMSA | (a) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, each Large Packaging and package must be closed in preparation for testing and tests must be carried out in the same manner as if prepared for transportation, including inner packagings. All closures must be installed using proper techniques and torques. (b) For the drop and stacking test, inner receptacles must be filled to not less than 95 percent of maximum capacity ( see § 171.8 of this subchapter) in the case of solids and not less than 98 percent of maximum in the case of liquids. Bags must be filled to the maximum mass at which they may be used. For Large Packagings where the inner packagings are designed to carry liquids and solids, separate testing is required for both liquid and solid contents. The material to be transported in the packagings may be replaced by a non-hazardous material, except for chemical compatibility testing or where this would invalidate the results of the tests. (c) If the material to be transported is replaced for test purposes by a non-hazardous material, the material used must be of the same or higher specific gravity as the material to be carried, and its other physical properties (grain, size, viscosity) which might influence the results of the required tests must correspond as closely as possible to those of the hazardous material to be transported. It is permissible to use additives, such as bags of lead shot, to achieve the requisite total package mass, so long as they do not affect the test results. (d) Paper or fiberboard Large Packagings must be conditioned for at least 24 hours immediately prior to testing in an atmosphere maintained— (1) At 50 percent ±2 percent relative humidity, and at a temperature of 23 °C ±2 °C (73 °F ±4 °F). Average values should fall within these limits. Short-term fluctuations and measurement limitations may cause individual measurements to vary by up to ±5 percent relative humidity without significant impairment of test reproducibility; (2) At 65 percent ±2 percent relative humidity, a… | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.14.1.4 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | Q | Subpart Q—Testing of Large Packagings | § 178.965 Drop test. | PHMSA | [75 FR 5400, Feb. 2, 2010, as amended at 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010] | (a) General. The drop test must be conducted for the qualification of all Large Packaging design types and performed periodically as specified in § 178.955(e) of this subpart. (b) Special preparation for the drop test. Large Packagings must be filled in accordance with § 178.960. (c) Conditioning. Rigid plastic Large Packagings and Large Packagings with plastic inner receptacles must be conditioned for testing by reducing the temperature of the packaging and its contents to −18 °C (0 °F) or lower. Test liquids must be kept in the liquid state, if necessary, by the addition of anti-freeze. Water/anti-freeze solutions with a minimum specific gravity of 0.95 for testing at −18 °C (0 °F) or lower are considered acceptable test liquids, and may be considered equivalent to water for test purposes. Large Packagings conditioned in this way are not required to be conditioned in accordance with § 178.960(d). (d) Test method. (1) Samples of all Large Packaging design types must be dropped onto a rigid, non-resilient, smooth, flat and horizontal surface. The point of impact must be the most vulnerable part of the base of the Large Packaging being tested. Following the drop, the Large Packaging must be restored to the upright position for observation. (2) Large Packaging design types with a capacity of 0.45 cubic meters (15.9 cubic feet) or less must be subject to an additional drop test. (e) Drop height. (1) For all Large Packagings, drop heights are specified as follows: (i) Packing group I: 1.8 m (5.9 feet) (ii) Packing group II: 1.2 m (3.9 feet) (iii) Packing group III: 0.8 m (2.6 feet) (2) Drop tests are to be performed with the solid or liquid to be transported or with a non-hazardous material having essentially the same physical characteristics. (3) The specific gravity and viscosity of a substituted non-hazardous material used in the drop test for liquids must be similar to the hazardous material intended for transportation. Water also may be used for the liquid drop test under the following condit… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.14.1.5 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | Q | Subpart Q—Testing of Large Packagings | § 178.970 Bottom lift test. | PHMSA | (a) General. The bottom lift test must be conducted for the qualification of all Large Packagings design types designed to be lifted from the base. (b) Special preparation for the bottom lift test. The Large Packaging must be loaded to 1.25 times its maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. All Large Packaging design types must be raised and lowered twice by a lift truck with the forks centrally positioned and spaced at three quarters of the dimension of the side of entry (unless the points of entry are fixed). The forks must penetrate to three quarters of the direction of entry. (d) Criteria for passing the test. For all Large Packagings design types designed to be lifted from the base, there may be no permanent deformation which renders the Large Packaging unsafe for transport and there must be no loss of contents. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.14.1.6 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | Q | Subpart Q—Testing of Large Packagings | § 178.975 Top lift test. | PHMSA | (a) General. The top lift test must be conducted for the qualification of all of Large Packagings design types to be lifted from the top or, for flexible Large Packagings, from the side. (b) Special preparation for the top lift test. (1) Metal and rigid plastic Large Packagings design types must be loaded to twice its maximum permissible gross mass. (2) Flexible Large Packaging design types must be filled to six times the maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. (1) A Large Packaging must be lifted in the manner for which it is designed until clear of the floor and maintained in that position for a period of five minutes. (2) Rigid plastic Large Packaging design types must be: (i) Lifted by each pair of diagonally opposite lifting devices, so that the hoisting forces are applied vertically for a period of five minutes; and (ii) Lifted by each pair of diagonally opposite lifting devices so that the hoisting forces are applied towards the center at 45° to the vertical, for a period of five minutes. (3) If not tested as indicated in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, a flexible Large Packaging design type must be tested as follows: (i) Fill the flexible Large Packaging to 95% full with a material representative of the product to be shipped. (ii) Suspend the flexible Large Packaging by its lifting devices. (iii) Apply a constant downward force through a specially designed platen. The platen will be a minimum of 60 percent and a maximum of 80 percent of the cross sectional surface area of the flexible Large Packaging. (iv) The combination of the mass of the filled flexible Large Packaging and the force applied through the platen must be a minimum of six times the maximum net mass of the flexible Large Packaging. The test must be conducted for a period of five minutes. (v) Other equally effective methods of top lift testing and preparation may be used with approval of the Associate Administrator. (d) Criterion for passing the test. For all Large Packagings … | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.14.1.7 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | Q | Subpart Q—Testing of Large Packagings | § 178.980 Stacking test. | PHMSA | [75 FR 5400, Feb. 2, 2010, as amended at 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010; 78 FR 1097, Jan. 7, 2013] | (a) General. The stacking test must be conducted for the qualification of all Large Packagings design types intended to be stacked. (b) Special preparation for the stacking test. (1) All Large Packagings except flexible Large Packaging design types must be loaded to their maximum permissible gross mass. (2) Flexible Large Packagings must be filled to not less than 95 percent of their capacity and to their maximum net mass, with the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. (1) All Large Packagings must be placed on their base on level, hard ground and subjected to a uniformly distributed superimposed test load for a period of at least five minutes (see paragraph (c)(5) of this section). (2) Fiberboard and wooden Large Packagings must be subjected to the test for 24 hours. (3) Rigid plastic Large Packagings which bear the stacking load must be subjected to the test for 28 days at 40 °C (104 °F). (4) For all Large Packagings, the load must be applied by one of the following methods: (i) One or more Large Packagings of the same type loaded to their maximum permissible gross mass and stacked on the test Large Packaging; (ii) The calculated superimposed test load weight loaded on either a flat plate or a reproduction of the base of the Large Packaging, which is stacked on the test Large Packaging; or (5) Calculation of superimposed test load. For all Large Packagings, the load to be placed on the Large Packaging must be 1.8 times the combined maximum permissible gross mass of the number of similar Large Packaging that may be stacked on top of the Large Packaging during transportation. (d) Periodic Retest. (1) The package must be tested in accordance with § 178.980(c) of this subpart; or (2) The packaging may be tested using a dynamic compression testing machine. The test must be conducted at room temperature on an empty, unsealed packaging. The test sample must be centered on the bottom platen of the testing machine. The top platen must be lowered until it comes in contact with the test samp… | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.14.1.8 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | Q | Subpart Q—Testing of Large Packagings | § 178.985 Vibration test. | PHMSA | [75 FR 5400, Feb. 2, 2010, as amended at 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010] | (a) General. All rigid Large Packaging and flexible Large Packaging design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test method. (1) A sample Large Packaging, selected at random, must be filled and closed as for shipment. Large Packagings intended for liquids may be tested using water as the filling material for the vibration test. (2) The sample Large Packaging must be placed on a vibrating platform that has a vertical or rotary double-amplitude (peak-to-peak displacement) of one inch. The Large Packaging must be constrained horizontally to prevent it from falling off the platform, but must be left free to move vertically and bounce. (3) The sample Large Packaging must be placed on a vibrating platform that has a vertical double-amplitude (peak-to-peak displacement) of one inch. The Large Packaging must be constrained horizontally to prevent it from falling off the platform, but must be left free to move vertically and bounce. (4) The test must be performed for one hour at a frequency that causes the package to be raised from the vibrating platform to such a degree that a piece of material of approximately 1.6-mm (0.063-inch) in thickness (such as steel strapping or paperboard) can be passed between the bottom of the Large Packaging and the platform. Other methods at least equally effective may be used ( see § 178.801(i)). (c) Criterion for passing the test. A Large Packaging passes the vibration test if there is no rupture or leakage. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.15.1.1 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | R | Subpart R—Flexible Bulk Container Standards | § 178.1000 Purpose and scope. | PHMSA | (a) This subpart prescribes requirements for Flexible Bulk Containers (FBCs) intended for the transportation of hazardous materials. FBC standards in this subpart are based on the UN Model Regulations. (b) Terms used in this subpart are defined in § 171.8 of this subchapter. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.15.1.2 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | R | Subpart R—Flexible Bulk Container Standards | § 178.1005 Flexible Bulk Container identification code. | PHMSA | The Flexible Bulk Container code designation is BK3. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.15.1.3 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | R | Subpart R—Flexible Bulk Container Standards | § 178.1010 Marking of Flexible Bulk Containers. | PHMSA | (a) The manufacturer must: (1) Mark every Flexible Bulk Container in a durable and clearly visible manner. The marking may be applied in a single line or in multiple lines provided the correct sequence is followed with the information required by this section. The following information is required in the sequence presented: (i) Except as provided in § 178.503(e)(1)(ii), the United Nations packaging symbol as illustrated in § 178.503(e)(1)(i). (ii) The code number designating the Flexible Bulk Container design type according to § 178.1005. The letter “W” must follow the Flexible Bulk Container design type identification code on a Flexible Bulk Container when the Flexible Bulk Container differs from the requirements in subpart R of this part, or is tested using methods other than those specified in this subpart, and is approved by the Associate Administrator in accordance with § 178.1035; (iii) The capital letter Z identifying that the Flexible Bulk Container meets Packing Group III performance standard under which the design type has been successfully tested. (iv) The month (designated numerically) and year (last two digits) of manufacture; (v) The country authorizing the allocation of the mark. The letters “USA” indicate that the Flexible Bulk Container is manufactured and marked in the United States in compliance with the provisions of this subchapter. (vi) The name and address or symbol of the manufacturer or the approval agency certifying compliance with subpart R and subpart S of this part. Symbols, if used, must be registered with the Associate Administrator. (vii) The stacking test load in kilograms (kg). For Flexible Bulk Containers not designed for stacking the figure “0” must be shown. (viii) The maximum permissible gross mass in kg. (2) The following is an example of symbols and required markings for a Flexible Bulk container suitable for stacking; stacking load: 1,000 kg; maximum gross mass: 2,500 kg. (b) [Reserved] | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.15.1.4 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | R | Subpart R—Flexible Bulk Container Standards | § 178.1015 General Flexible Bulk Container standards. | PHMSA | [78 FR 1097, Jan. 7, 2013, as amended at 82 FR 15896, Mar. 30, 2017] | (a) Each Flexible Bulk Containers must be sift-proof and completely closed during transport to prevent the release of contents and waterproof. (b) Parts of the Flexible Bulk Container that are in direct contact with hazardous materials: (1) Must not be affected or significantly weakened by those hazardous materials. (2) Must not cause a dangerous effect with the dangerous goods (e.g., catalyzing a reaction or reacting with the hazardous materials). (3) Must not allow permeation of the hazardous materials that could constitute a danger under conditions normally incident to transportation. (c) Filling and discharge devices must be so constructed as to be protected against damage during transport and handling. The filling and discharge devices must be capable of being secured against unintended opening. (d) Slings of the Flexible Bulk Container, if fitted with such, must withstand pressure and dynamic forces which can be expected under conditions normally incident to transportation. (e) Handling devices must be strong enough to withstand repeated use. (f) A venting device must be fitted to Flexible Bulk Containers intended to transport hazardous materials that may develop dangerous accumulation of gases within the Flexible Bulk Container. Any venting device must be designed so that external foreign substances or the ingress of water are prevented from entering the Flexible Bulk Container through the venting device under conditions normally incident to transportation. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.15.1.5 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | R | Subpart R—Flexible Bulk Container Standards | § 178.1020 Period of use for transportation of hazardous materials in Flexible Bulk Containers. | PHMSA | The use of Flexible Bulk Containers for the transport of hazardous materials is permitted for a period of time not to exceed two years from the date of manufacture of the Flexible Bulk Container. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.16.1.1 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | S | Subpart S—Testing of Flexible Bulk Containers | § 178.1030 Purpose and scope. | PHMSA | This subpart prescribes certain testing requirements for Flexible Bulk Containers identified in subpart R of this part. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.16.1.2 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | S | Subpart S—Testing of Flexible Bulk Containers | § 178.1035 General requirements. | PHMSA | (a) General. The test procedures prescribed in this subpart are intended to ensure that Flexible Bulk Containers containing hazardous materials can withstand normal conditions of transportation. These test procedures are considered minimum requirements. Each packaging must be manufactured and assembled so as to be capable of successfully passing the prescribed tests and to conform to the requirements of § 173.24 of this subchapter while in transportation. (b) Responsibility. The Flexible Bulk Container manufacturer is responsible for ensuring each Flexible Bulk Containers is capable of passing the prescribed tests. To the extent a Flexible Bulk Container's assembly function, including final closure, is performed by the person who offers a hazardous material for transportation, that person is responsible for performing the function in accordance with §§ 173.22 and 178.2 of this subchapter. (c) Definitions. For the purpose of this subpart: (1) Flexible Bulk Container design type refers to a Flexible Bulk Container that does not differ in structural design, size, material of construction and packing. (2) Design qualification testing is the performance of the drop, topple, righting, tear, stacking, and top-lift tests prescribed in this subpart, for each different Flexible Bulk Container design type, at the start of production of that packaging. (3) Periodic design requalification test is the performance of the applicable tests specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section on a Flexible Bulk Container design type, to requalify the design for continued production at the frequency specified in paragraph (e) of this section. (4) Production inspection is the inspection that must initially be conducted on each newly manufactured Flexible Bulk Container. (5) Different Flexible Bulk Container design type is one that differs from a previously qualified Flexible Bulk Container design type in structural design, size, material of construction, wall thickness, or manner of construction, but does not include… | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.16.1.3 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | S | Subpart S—Testing of Flexible Bulk Containers | § 178.1040 Preparation of Flexible Bulk Containers for testing. | PHMSA | (a) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, each Flexible Bulk Container must be closed in preparation for testing and tests must be carried out in the same manner as if prepared for transportation. All closures must be installed using proper techniques and torques. (b) If the material to be transported is replaced for test purposes by a non-hazardous material, the physical properties (grain, size, viscosity) of the replacement material used that might influence the results of the required tests must correspond as closely as possible to those of the hazardous material to be transported. It is permissible to use additives, such as bags of lead shot, to achieve the requisite total package mass, so long as they do not affect the test results. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.16.1.4 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | S | Subpart S—Testing of Flexible Bulk Containers | § 178.1045 Drop test. | PHMSA | (a) General. The drop test must be conducted for the qualification of all Flexible Bulk Container design types and performed periodically as specified in § 178.1035(e) of this subpart. (b) Special preparation for the drop test. Flexible Bulk Containers must be filled to their maximum permissible gross mass. (c) Test method. (1) A sample of all Flexible Bulk Container design types must be dropped onto a rigid, non-resilient, smooth, flat and horizontal surface. This test surface must be large enough to be immovable during testing and sufficiently large enough to ensure that the test Flexible Bulk Container falls entirely upon the surface. The test surface must be kept free from local defects capable of influencing the test results. (2) Following the drop, the Flexible Bulk Container must be restored to the upright position for observation. (d) Drop height. (1) For all Flexible Bulk Containers, drop heights are specified as follows: Packing group III: 0.8 m (2.6 feet) (2) Drop tests are to be performed with the solid to be transported or with a non-hazardous material having essentially the same physical characteristics. (e) Criteria for passing the test. For all Flexible Bulk Container design types there may be no loss of the filling substance. However a slight discharge (e.g., from closures or stitch holes) upon impact is not considered a failure of the Flexible Bulk Container provided that no further leakage occurs after the container has been restored to the upright position. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.16.1.5 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | S | Subpart S—Testing of Flexible Bulk Containers | § 178.1050 Top lift test. | PHMSA | (a) General. The top lift test must be conducted for the qualification of all of Flexible Bulk Containers design types to be lifted from the top. (b) Special preparation for the top lift test. Flexible Bulk Container design types must be filled to six times the maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. (1) A Flexible Bulk Container must be lifted in the manner for which it is designed until clear of the floor and maintained in that position for a period of five minutes. (2) If not tested as indicated in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, a Flexible Bulk Container design type must be tested as follows: (i) Fill the Flexible Bulk Container to 95% full with a material representative of the product to be shipped. (ii) Suspend the Flexible Bulk Container by its lifting devices. (iii) Apply a constant downward force through a specially designed platen. The platen will be a minimum of 60 percent and a maximum of 80 percent of the cross sectional surface area of the Flexible Bulk Container. (iv) The combination of the mass of the filled Flexible Bulk Container and the force applied through the platen must be a minimum of six times the maximum net mass of the Flexible Bulk Container. The test must be conducted for a period of five minutes. (v) Other equally effective methods of top lift testing and preparation may be used with approval of the Associate Administrator. (d) Criteria for passing the test. For all Flexible Bulk Containers design types designed to be lifted from the top, there may be no damage to the Flexible Bulk Container or its lifting devices that renders the Flexible Bulk Container unsafe for transport, and no loss of contents. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.16.1.6 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | S | Subpart S—Testing of Flexible Bulk Containers | § 178.1055 Stacking test. | PHMSA | (a) General. The stacking test must be conducted for the qualification of all Flexible Bulk Containers design types. (b) Special preparation for the stacking test. All Flexible Bulk Containers design types must be loaded to their maximum permissible gross mass. (c) Test method. (1) All Flexible Bulk Containers must be placed on their base on level, hard ground and subjected to a uniformly distributed superimposed test load that is four times the design type maximum gross weight for a period of at least twenty-four hours. (2) For all Flexible Bulk Containers, the load must be applied by one of the following methods: (i) Four Flexible Bulk Containers of the same type loaded to their maximum permissible gross mass and stacked on the test Flexible Bulk Container; (ii) The calculated superimposed test load weight loaded on either a flat plate or a reproduction of the base of the Flexible Bulk Container, which is stacked on the test Flexible Bulk Container. (d) Criteria for passing the test. There may be no deterioration that renders the Flexible Bulk Container unsafe for transportation and no loss of contents during the test or after removal of the test load. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.16.1.7 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | S | Subpart S—Testing of Flexible Bulk Containers | § 178.1060 Topple test. | PHMSA | (a) General. The topple test must be conducted for the qualification of all Flexible Bulk Containers design types. (b) Special preparation for the topple test. Flexible Bulk Container design types must be filled to their maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. Samples of all Flexible Bulk Container design types must be toppled onto any part of its top by lifting the side furthest from the drop edge upon a rigid, non-resilient, smooth, flat and horizontal surface. This test surface must be large enough to be immovable during testing and sufficiently large enough to ensure that the test Flexible Bulk Container falls entirely upon the surface. The test surface must be kept free from local defects capable of influencing the test results. (d) Topple height. (1) For all Flexible Bulk Containers, topple heights are specified as follows: Packing group III: 0.8 m (2.6 feet). (e) Criterion for passing the test. For all Flexible Bulk Container design types there may be no loss of the filling substance. However a slight discharge (e.g., from closures or stitch holes) upon impact is not considered a failure of the Flexible Bulk Container. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.16.1.8 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | S | Subpart S—Testing of Flexible Bulk Containers | § 178.1065 Righting test. | PHMSA | (a) General. The righting test must be conducted for the qualification of all Flexible Bulk Containers design types designed to be lifted from the top or side. (b) Special preparation for the righting test. Flexible Bulk Container design types must be filled to not less than 95% of their capacity and to their maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. A sample Flexible Bulk Container design type must be tested; the Flexible Bulk Container should start lying on its side and then must be lifted at a speed of at least 0.1m/s (0.328 ft/s) to an upright position clear of the floor, by no more than half of the lifting devices. (d) Criterion for passing the test. For all Flexible Bulk Container design types there must be no damage that renders the Flexible Bulk Container unsafe for transport or handling. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.16.1.9 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | S | Subpart S—Testing of Flexible Bulk Containers | § 178.1070 Tear test. | PHMSA | (a) General. The tear test must be conducted for the qualification of all of Flexible Bulk Containers design types. (b) Special preparation for the tear test. Flexible Bulk Container design types must be filled its maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. (1) A Flexible Bulk Container design type must be placed on the ground and a 300 mm (11.9 in) cut shall be made. This 300 mm (11.9 in) cut must: (i) Completely penetrate all layers of the Flexible Bulk Container on a wall with a wide face. (ii) Be made at a 45° angle to the principal axis of the Flexible Bulk Container, halfway between the bottom surface and the top level of the contents. (2) The Flexible Bulk Container after being cut according to the provisions of § 178.1070(c)(1), must be subjected to a uniformly distributed superimposed load equivalent to twice the maximum gross mass of the package. This load must be applied for at least fifteen minutes. Flexible Bulk Containers that are designed to be lifted from the top or the side must, after removal of the superimposed load, be lifted clear of the floor and maintained in that position for a period of fifteen minutes. (d) Criterion for passing the test. For all Flexible Bulk Container design types, the cut must not spread more than an additional 25% of its original length. | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.1 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33 Specification 2P; inner nonrefillable metal receptacles. | PHMSA | |||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.10 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33-9 Marking. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-40, 41 FR 38181, Sept. 9, 1976, as amended by Amdt. 178-97, 56 FR 66287, Dec. 20, 1991; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) By means of printing, lithographing, embossing, or stamping, each container must be marked to show: (1) DOT-2P. (2) Name or symbol of person making the mark specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Symbol, if used, must be registered with the Associate Administrator. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.11 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a Specification 2Q; inner nonrefillable metal receptacles. | PHMSA | |||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.12 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a-1 Compliance. | PHMSA | [Order 71, 31 FR 9074, July 1, 1966. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967] | (a) Required in all details. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.13 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a-2 Type and size. | PHMSA | [Order 71, 31 FR 9074, July 1, 1966. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967, and amended by Amdt. 178-43, 42 FR 42208, Aug. 22, 1977; Amdt. 178-101, 58 FR 50237, Sept. 24, 1993; 66 FR 45387, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) Single-trip inside containers. Must be seamless, or with seams welded, soldered, brazed, double seamed, or swedged. (b) The maximum capacity of containers in this class shall not exceed 1 L (61.0 cubic inches). The maximum inside diameter shall not exceed 3 inches. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.14 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a-3 Inspection. | PHMSA | [Order 71, 31 FR 9074, July 1, 1966. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967] | (a) By competent inspector. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.15 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a-4 Duties of inspector. | PHMSA | [Order 71, 31 FR 9074, July 1, 1966. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967] | (a) To inspect material and completed containers and witness tests, and to reject defective materials or containers. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.16 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a-5 Material. | PHMSA | [Order 71, 31 FR 9074, July 1, 1966. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967] | (a) Uniform quality steel plate such as black plate, electrotin plate, hot dipped tinplate, ternplate or other commercially accepted can making plate; or nonferrous metal of uniform drawing quality. (b) Material with seams, cracks, laminations or other injurious defects not authorized. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.17 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a-6 Manufacture. | PHMSA | [Order 71, 31 FR 9074, July 1, 1966. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967] | (a) By appliances and methods that will assure uniformity of completed containers; dirt and scale to be removed as necessary; no defect acceptable that is likely to weaken the finished container appreciably; reasonably smooth and uniform surface finish required. (b) Seams when used must be as follows: (1) Circumferential seams. By welding, swedging, brazing, soldering, or double seaming. (2) Side seams. By welding, brazing or soldering. (c) Ends. The ends shall be of pressure design. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.18 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a-7 Wall thickness. | PHMSA | [Order 71, 31 FR 9074, July 1, 1966. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967] | (a) The minimum wall thickness for any container shall be 0.008 inch. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.19 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a-8 Tests. | PHMSA | [Order 71, 31 FR 9074, July 1, 1966. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967, as amended by 66 FR 45387, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) One out of each lot of 25,000 containers or less, successively produced per day, shall be pressure tested to destruction and must not burst below 270 psig gauge pressure. The container tested shall be complete with end assembled. (b) Each such 25,000 containers or less, successively produced per day, shall constitute a lot and if the test container shall fail, the lot shall be rejected or ten additional containers may be selected at random and subjected to the test under which failure occurred. These containers shall be complete with ends assembled. Should any of the ten containers thus tested fail, the entire lot must be rejected. All containers constituting a lot shall be of like material, size, design, construction, finish and quality. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.2 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33-1 Compliance. | PHMSA | (a) Required in all details. (b) [Reserved] | ||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.20 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33a-9 Marking. | PHMSA | [Amdt. 178-40, 41 FR 38181, Sept. 9, 1976, as amended by Amdt. 178-97, 56 FR 66287, Dec. 20, 1991; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) By means of printing, lithographing, embossing, or stamping, each container must be marked to show: (1) DOT-2Q. (2) Name or symbol of person making the mark specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Symbol, if used, must be registered with the Associate Administrator. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.21 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b Specification 2S; inner nonrefillable plastic receptacles. | PHMSA | |||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.22 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b-1 Compliance. | PHMSA | [74 FR 2268, Jan. 14, 2009] | (a) Required in all details. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.23 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b-2 Type and size. | PHMSA | [74 FR 2268, Jan. 14, 2009] | (a) Single-trip inside containers. (b) The maximum capacity of containers in this class shall not exceed one liter (61.0 cubic inches). The maximum inside diameter shall not exceed 3 inches. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.24 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b-3 Inspection. | PHMSA | [74 FR 2268, Jan. 14, 2009] | (a) By competent inspector. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.25 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b-4 Duties of inspector. | PHMSA | [74 FR 2268, Jan. 14, 2009] | (a) To inspect material and completed containers and witness tests, and to reject defective materials or containers. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.26 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b-5 Material. | PHMSA | [74 FR 2268, Jan. 14, 2009] | (a) The receptacles must be constructed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene napthalate (PEN), polyamide (Nylon) or a blend of PET, PEN, ethyl vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and/or Nylon. (b) Material with seams, cracks, laminations or other injurious defects are forbidden. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.27 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b-6 Manufacture. | PHMSA | [74 FR 2268, Jan. 14, 2009] | (a) Each container must be manufactured by thermoplastic processes that will assure uniformity of the completed container. No used material other than production residues or regrind from the same manufacturing process may be used. The packaging must be adequately resistant to aging and to degradation caused either by the substance contained or by ultraviolet radiation. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.28 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b-7 Design qualification test. | PHMSA | [75 FR 73, Jan. 4, 2010] | (a) Drop testing. (1) To ensure that creep does not affect the ability of the container to retain the contents, each new design must be drop tested as follows: Three groups of twenty-five filled containers must be dropped from 1.8 m (5.9 ft) on to a rigid, non-resilient, flat and horizontal surface. One group must be conditioned at 38 °C (100 °F) for 26 weeks, the second group for 100 hours at 50 °C (122 °F) and the third group for 18 hours at 55 °C (131 °F), prior to performing the drop test. The closure, or sealing component of the container, must not be protected during the test. The orientation of the test container at drop must be statistically random, but direct impact on the valve or valve closure must be avoided. (2) Criteria for passing the drop test: The containers must not break or leak. (b) Design qualification testing must be completed if the design is manufactured with a new mold or if there is any change in the properties of the material of construction. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.29 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b-8 Production tests. | PHMSA | [74 FR 2268, Jan. 14, 2009, as amended at 75 FR 74, Jan. 4, 2010] | (a) Burst Testing. (1) One out of each lot of 5,000 containers or less, successively produced per day must be pressure tested to destruction and must not burst below 240 psig. The container tested must be complete as intended for transportation. (2) Each such 5,000 containers or less, successively produced per day, shall constitute a lot and if the test container shall fail, the lot shall be rejected or ten additional containers may be selected at random and subjected to the test under which failure occurred. These containers shall be complete as intended for transportation. Should any of the ten containers thus tested fail, the entire lot must be rejected. All containers constituting a lot shall be of like material, size, design construction, finish, and quality. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.3 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33-2 Type and size. | PHMSA | [29 FR 18813, Dec. 29, 1964, as amended by Order 71, 31 FR 9074, July 1, 1966. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967, and amended by Amdt. 178-101, 58 FR 50237, Sept. 24, 1993; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001] | (a) Single-trip inside containers. Must be seamless, or with seams, welded, soldered, brazed, double seamed, or swedged. (b) The maximum capacity of containers in this class shall not exceed one liter (61.0 cubic inches). The maximum inside diameter shall not exceed 3 inches. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.30 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33b-9 Marking. | PHMSA | [74 FR 2268, Jan. 14, 2009] | (a) Each container must be clearly and permanently marked to show: (1) DOT-2S. (2) Name or symbol of person making the mark specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Symbol, if used, must be registered with the Associate Administrator. (b) [Reserved] | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.31 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33c Specification 2P; inner nonrefillable metal receptacle variation. | PHMSA | |||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.32 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33c-1 Compliance. | PHMSA | [81 FR 3685, Jan. 21, 2016] | Required in all details. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.33 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33c-2 Variation. | PHMSA | [81 FR 3685, Jan. 21, 2016] | Notwithstanding the variation provided in this section, each container must otherwise conform to a DOT 2P container in accordance with § 178.33. The following conditions also apply under Variation 1— (a) Manufacture. Side seams: not permitted. Ends: The ends shall be designed to withstand pressure and be equipped with a pressure relief system (e.g., rim-venting release or a dome expansion device) designed to function prior to bursting of the container. (b) Tests. (1) One out of each lot of 25,000 containers or less, successively produced per day complete with ends assembled (and without a pressure relief system assembled) shall be pressure tested to destruction at gauge pressure and must not burst below 240 psig. For containers with a pressure relief system as described in paragraph (a) of this section and assembled, failure at a location other than the pressure relief system will reject the lot. For containers with an end expansion device, the lot must be rejected if the container bursts prior to buckling of the device. (2) Each such 25,000 containers or less, successively produced per day, shall constitute a lot and if the test container(s) shall fail, the lot shall be rejected. Otherwise, ten (10) additional containers of each container design produced may be selected at random and subjected to the test. These containers shall be complete with ends assembled. Should any of the containers thus tested fail, the entire lot must be rejected. All containers constituting a lot shall be of like material, size, design construction, finish, and quality. (c) Marking. By means of printing, lithographing, embossing, or stamping, each container must be marked: (1) DOT-2P1. (2) With the name or symbol of the person making the mark. A symbol, if used, must be registered with the Associate Administrator. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.34 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33d Specification 2Q; inner nonrefillable metal receptacle variations. | PHMSA | |||||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.35 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33d-1 Compliance. | PHMSA | [81 FR 3685, Jan. 21, 2016] | Required in all details. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.36 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33d-2 Variation 1. | PHMSA | [81 FR 3685, Jan. 21, 2016] | Notwithstanding the variation provided in this paragraph, each container must otherwise conform to a DOT 2Q container in accordance with § 178.33a. The following conditions also apply under Variation 1— (a) Type and size. The maximum capacity of containers in this class may not exceed 0.40 L (24.4 cubic inches). The maximum inside diameter shall not exceed 2.1 inches. (b) Manufacture. Ends: The top of the container must be designed with a pressure relief system consisting of radial scores on the top seam(s). The bottom of the container must be designed to buckle at a pressure greater than the pressure at which the top buckles and vents. (c) Wall thickness. The minimum wall thickness for any container shall be 0.0085 inches. (d) Tests. (1) Two containers (one without a pressure relief system and one with) out of each lot of 25,000 or less, successively produced per day shall be pressure tested to destruction at gauge pressure. The container without a pressure relief system must not burst below 320 psig. The container assembled with a pressure relief system as described in paragraph (b) of this section must be tested to destruction. The bottom of the container must buckle at a pressure greater than the pressure at which the top buckles and vents. (2) Each such 25,000 containers or less, successively produced per day, shall constitute a lot and if the test container(s) shall fail, the lot shall be rejected. Otherwise, ten (10) additional pairs of containers may be selected at random and subjected to the test under which failure occurred. Should any of the containers thus tested fail, the entire lot must be rejected. All containers constituting a lot shall be of like material, size, design construction, finish, and quality. (e) Marking. By means of printing, lithographing, embossing, or stamping, each container must be marked: (1) DOT-2Q1. (2) With the name or symbol of the person making the mark. A symbol, if used, must be registered with the Associate Administrator. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.37 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33d-3 Variation 2. | PHMSA | [81 FR 3685, Jan. 21, 2016] | Notwithstanding the variation provided in this paragraph, each container must otherwise conform to a DOT 2Q container in accordance with § 178.33a. The following conditions also apply under Variation 2— (a) Manufacture. Ends: The ends shall be designed to withstand pressure and the container equipped with a pressure relief system (e.g., rim-venting release or a dome expansion device) designed to buckle prior to the burst of the container. (b) Tests. (1) One out of each lot of 25,000 containers or less, successively produced per day shall be pressure tested to destruction at gauge pressure and must not burst below 270 psig. For containers with a pressure relief system as described in paragraph (a) of this section and assembled, failure at a location other than the pressure relief system will reject the lot. (2) Each such 25,000 containers or less, successively produced per day, shall constitute a lot and if the test container(s) shall fail, the lot shall be rejected. Otherwise, ten (10) additional containers of each container design produced may be selected at random and subjected to the test. These containers shall be complete with ends assembled. Should any of the containers thus tested fail, the entire lot must be rejected. All containers constituting a lot shall be of like material, size, design construction, finish, and quality. (c) Marking. By means of printing, lithographing, embossing, or stamping, each container must be marked: (1) DOT-2Q2. (2) With the name or symbol of the person making the mark. A symbol, if used, must be registered with the Associate Administrator. | |||
| 49:49:3.1.1.1.1.2.1.4 | 49 | Transportation | I | C | 178 | PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS | B | Subpart B—Specifications for Inside Containers, and Linings | § 178.33-3 Inspection. | PHMSA | (a) By competent inspector. (b) [Reserved] |
Advanced export
JSON shape: default, array, newline-delimited, object
CREATE TABLE cfr_sections (
section_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
title_number INTEGER,
title_name TEXT,
chapter TEXT,
subchapter TEXT,
part_number TEXT,
part_name TEXT,
subpart TEXT,
subpart_name TEXT,
section_number TEXT,
section_heading TEXT,
agency TEXT,
authority TEXT,
source_citation TEXT,
amendment_citations TEXT,
full_text TEXT
);
CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_title ON cfr_sections(title_number);
CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_part ON cfr_sections(part_number);
CREATE INDEX idx_cfr_agency ON cfr_sections(agency);