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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.1.3.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | A | Subpart A—Applicability | § 133.1 Applicability. | FAA | [Docket 15176, 42 FR 24198, May 12, 1977, as amended by Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40707, Nov. 7, 1986; Docket FAA-2015-0150, Amdt. 133-15, 81 FR 42214, June 28, 2016] | Except for aircraft subject to part 107 of this chapter, this part prescribes— (a) Airworthiness certification rules for rotorcraft used in; and (b) Operating and certification rules governing the conduct of rotorcraft external-load operations in the United States by any person. (c) The certification rules of this part do not apply to— (1) Rotorcraft manufacturers when developing external-load attaching means; (2) Rotorcraft manufacturers demonstrating compliance of equipment utilized under this part or appropriate portions of part 27 or 29 of this chapter; (3) Operations conducted by a person demonstrating compliance for the issuance of a certificate or authorization under this part; (4) Training flights conducted in preparation for the demonstration of compliance with this part; or (5) A Federal, State, or local government conducting operations with public aircraft. (d) For the purpose of this part, a person other than a crewmember or a person who is essential and directly connected with the external-load operation may be carried only in approved Class D rotorcraft-load combinations. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.11 Certificate required. | FAA | [Docket 15176, 42 FR 24198, May 12, 1977, as amended by Amdt. 133-7, 42 FR 32531, June 27, 1977; Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40707, Nov. 7, 1986] | (a) No person subject to this part may conduct rotorcraft external-load operations within the United States without, or in violation of the terms of, a Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate issued by the Administrator under § 133.17. (b) No person holding a Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate may conduct rotorcraft external-load operations subject to this part under a business name that is not on that certificate. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.10 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.25 Amendment of certificate. | FAA | [Docket 18434, 43 FR 52206, Nov. 9, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40707, Nov. 7, 1986; Amdt. 133-11, 54 FR 39294, Sept. 25, 1989; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 133-16, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) The holder of a Rotorcraft External-Load Certificate may apply to the responsible Flight Standards office for the area in which the applicant's home base of operation is located, or to the responsible Flight Standards office for the area in which operations are to be conducted, for an amendment of the applicant's certificate, to add or delete a rotorcraft-load combination authorization, by executing the appropriate portion of the form used in applying for a Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate. If the applicant for the amendment shows compliance with §§ 133.19 and 133.49, the responsible Flight Standards office issues an amended Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate to the applicant with authorization to operate with those classes of rotorcraft-load combinations for which the applicant complies with the applicable provisions of subpart D of this part. (b) The holder of a rotorcraft external-load certificate may apply for an amendment to add or delete a rotorcraft authorization by submitting to the responsible Flight Standards office a new list of rotorcraft, by registration number, with the classes of rotorcraft-load combinations for which authorization is requested. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.11 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.27 Availability, transfer, and surrender of certificate. | FAA | [Docket 1529, 29 FR 603, Jan. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40708, Nov. 7, 1986; Amdt. 133-11, 54 FR 39294, Sept. 25, 1989; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 133-16, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) Each holder of a rotorcraft external-load operator certificate shall keep that certificate and a list of authorized rotorcraft at the home base of operations and shall make it available for inspection by the Administrator upon request. (b) Each person conducting a rotorcraft external-load operation shall carry a facsimile of the Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate in each rotorcraft used in the operation. (c) If the Administrator suspends or revokes a Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate, the holder of that certificate shall return it to the Administrator. If the certificate holder, for any other reason, discontinues operations under his certificate, and does not resume operations within two years, he shall return the certificate to the responsible Flight Standards office. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.13 Duration of certificate. | FAA | [Docket 15176, 42 FR 24198, May 12, 1977, as amended by Amdt. 133-7, 42 FR 32531, June 27, 1977; Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40707, Nov. 7, 1986] | Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, or revoked, a Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate expires at the end of the twenty-fourth month after the month in which it is issued or renewed. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.14 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances. | FAA | [Docket 12035, 38 FR 17493, July 2, 1973, as amended by Amdt. 133-10, 54 FR 34332, Aug. 18, 1989] | If the holder of a certificate issued under this part permits any aircraft owned or leased by that holder to be engaged in any operation that the certificate holder knows to be in violation of § 91.19(a) of this chapter, that operation is a basis for suspending or revoking the certificate. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.15 Application for certificate issuance or renewal. | FAA | [Docket 15176, 42 FR 24198, May 12, 1977, as amended by Amdt. 133-11, 54 FR 39294, Sept. 25, 1989; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 133-16, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] | Application for an original certificate or renewal of a certificate issued under this part is made on a form, and in a manner, prescribed by the Administrator. The form may be obtained from a Flight Standards office. The completed application is sent to the responsible Flight Standards office for the area in which the applicant's home base of operation is located. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.17 Requirements for issuance of a rotorcraft external-load operator certificate. | FAA | If an applicant shows that he complies with §§ 133.19, 133.21, and 133.23, the Administrator issues a Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate to him with an authorization to operate specified rotorcraft with those classes of rotorcraft-load combinations for which he complies with the applicable provisions of subpart D of this part. | ||||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.6 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.19 Rotorcraft. | FAA | [Docket 15176, 42 FR 24198, May 12, 1977] | (a) The applicant must have the exclusive use of at least one rotorcraft that— (1) Was type certificated under, and meets the requirements of, part 27 or 29 of this chapter (but not necessarily with external-load-carrying attaching means installed) or of § 21.25 of this chapter for the special purpose of rotorcraft external-load operations; (2) Complies with the certification provisions in subpart D of this part that apply to the rotorcraft-load combinations for which authorization is requested; and (3) Has a valid standard or restricted category airworthiness certificate. (b) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, a person has exclusive use of a rotorcraft if he has the sole possession, control, and use of it for flight, as owner, or has a written agreement (including arrangements for the performance of required maintenance) giving him that possession, control, and use for at least six consecutive months. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.7 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.21 Personnel. | FAA | [Docket 1529, 29 FR 603, Jan. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40707, Nov. 7, 1986; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 133-16, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) The applicant must hold, or have available the services of at least one person who holds, a current commercial or airline transport pilot certificate, with a rating appropriate for the rotorcraft prescribed in § 133.19, issued by the Administrator. (b) The applicant must designate one pilot, who may be the applicant, as chief pilot for rotorcraft external-load operations. The applicant also may designate qualified pilots as assistant chief pilots to perform the functions of the chief pilot when the chief pilot is not readily available. The chief pilot and assistant chief pilots must be acceptable to the Administrator and each must hold a current Commercial or Airline Transport Pilot Certificate, with a rating appropriate for the rotorcraft prescribed in § 133.19. (c) The holder of a Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate shall report any change in designation of chief pilot or assistant chief pilot immediately to the responsible Flight Standards office. The new chief pilot must be designated and must comply with § 133.23 within 30 days or the operator may not conduct further operations under the Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate unless otherwise authorized by the responsible Flight Standards office. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.8 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.22 Employment of former FAA employees. | FAA | [Docket FAA-2008-1154, 76 FR 52236, Aug. 22, 2011] | (a) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, no certificate holder may knowingly employ or make a contractual arrangement which permits an individual to act as an agent or representative of the certificate holder in any matter before the Federal Aviation Administration if the individual, in the preceding 2 years— (1) Served as, or was directly responsible for the oversight of, a Flight Standards Service aviation safety inspector; and (2) Had direct responsibility to inspect, or oversee the inspection of, the operations of the certificate holder. (b) For the purpose of this section, an individual shall be considered to be acting as an agent or representative of a certificate holder in a matter before the agency if the individual makes any written or oral communication on behalf of the certificate holder to the agency (or any of its officers or employees) in connection with a particular matter, whether or not involving a specific party and without regard to whether the individual has participated in, or had responsibility for, the particular matter while serving as a Flight Standards Service aviation safety inspector. (c) The provisions of this section do not prohibit a certificate holder from knowingly employing or making a contractual arrangement which permits an individual to act as an agent or representative of the certificate holder in any matter before the Federal Aviation Administration if the individual was employed by the certificate holder before October 21, 2011. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.2.3.9 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | B | Subpart B—Certification Rules | § 133.23 Knowledge and skill. | FAA | [Docket 1529, 29 FR 603, Jan. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40707, Nov. 7, 1986] | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, the applicant, or the chief pilot designated in accordance with § 133.21(b), must demonstrate to the Administrator satisfactory knowledge and skill regarding rotorcraft external-load operations as set forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. (b) The test of knowledge (which may be oral or written, at the option of the applicant) covers the following subjects: (1) Steps to be taken before starting operations, including a survey of the flight area. (2) Proper method of loading, rigging, or attaching the external load. (3) Performance capabilities, under approved operating procedures and limitations, of the rotorcraft to be used. (4) Proper instructions of flight crew and ground workers. (5) Appropriate rotorcraft-load combination flight manual. (c) The test of skill requires appropriate maneuvers for each class requested. The appropriate maneuvers for each load class must be demonstrated in the rotorcraft prescribed in § 133.19. (1) Takeoffs and landings. (2) Demonstration of directional control while hovering. (3) Acceleration from a hover. (4) Flight at operational airspeeds. (5) Approaches to landing or working area. (6) Maneuvering the external load into the release position. (7) Demonstration of winch operation, if a winch is installed to hoist the external load. (d) Compliance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section need not be shown if the Administrator finds, on the basis of the applicant's (or his designated chief pilot's) previous experience and safety record in rotorcraft external-load operations, that his knowledge and skill are adequate. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.3.3.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | C | Subpart C—Operating Rules and Related Requirements | § 133.31 Emergency operations. | FAA | [Docket 24550, 51 FR 40708, Nov. 7, 1986, as amended by Amdt. 133-11, 54 FR 39294, Sept. 25, 1989; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 133-16, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) In an emergency involving the safety of persons or property, the certificate holder may deviate from the rules of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency. (b) Each person who, under the authority of this section, deviates from a rule of this part shall notify the Administrator within 10 days after the deviation. Upon the request of the Administrator, that person shall provide the responsible Flight Standards office a complete report of the aircraft operation involved, including a description of the deviation and reasons for it. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.3.3.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | C | Subpart C—Operating Rules and Related Requirements | § 133.33 Operating rules. | FAA | [Docket 24550, 51 FR 40708, Nov. 7, 1986, as amended by Amdt. 133-11, 54 FR 39294, Sept. 25, 1989; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 133-16, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018] | (a) No person may conduct a rotorcraft external-load operation without, or contrary to, the Rotorcraft-Load Combination Flight Manual prescribed in § 133.47. (b) No person may conduct a rotorcraft external-load operation unless— (1) The rotorcraft complies with § 133.19; and (2) The rotorcraft and rotorcraft-load combination is authorized under the Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate. (c) Before a person may operate a rotorcraft with an external-load configuration that differs substantially from any that person has previously carried with that type of rotorcraft (whether or not the rotorcraft-load combination is of the same class), that person must conduct, in a manner that will not endanger persons or property on the surface, such of the following flight-operational checks as the Administrator determines are appropriate to the rotorcraft-load combination: (1) A determination that the weight of the rotorcraft-load combination and the location of its center of gravity are within approved limits, that the external load is securely fastened, and that the external load does not interfere with devices provided for its emergency release. (2) Make an initial liftoff and verify that controllability is satisfactory. (3) While hovering, verify that directional control is adequate. (4) Accelerate into forward flight to verify that no attitude (whether of the rotorcraft or of the external load) is encountered in which the rotorcraft is uncontrollable or which is otherwise hazardous. (5) In forward flight, check for hazardous oscillations of the external load, but if the external load is not visible to the pilot, other crewmembers or ground personnel may make this check and signal the pilot. (6) Increase the forward airspeed and determine an operational airspeed at which no hazardous oscillation or hazardous aerodynamic turbulence is encountered. (d) Notwithstanding the provisions of part 91 of this chapter, the holder of a Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate may conduct (in rotorcraft type cert… | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.3.3.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | C | Subpart C—Operating Rules and Related Requirements | § 133.35 Carriage of persons. | FAA | [Docket 24550, 51 FR 40708, Nov. 7, 1986] | (a) No certificate holder may allow a person to be carried during rotorcraft external-load operations unless that person— (1) Is a flight crewmember; (2) Is a flight crewmember trainee; (3) Performs an essential function in connection with the external-load operation; or (4) Is necessary to accomplish the work activity directly associated with that operation. (b) The pilot in command shall ensure that all persons are briefed before takeoff on all pertinent procedures to be followed (including normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures) and equipment to be used during the external-load operation. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.3.3.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | C | Subpart C—Operating Rules and Related Requirements | § 133.37 Crewmember training, currency, and testing requirements. | FAA | [Docket 24550, 51 FR 40708, Nov. 7, 1986] | (a) No certificate holder may use, nor may any person serve, as a pilot in operations conducted under this part unless that person— (1) Has successfully demonstrated, to the Administrator knowledge and skill with respect to the rotorcraft-load combination in accordance with § 133.23 (in the case of a pilot other than the chief pilot or an assistant chief pilot who has been designated in accordance with § 133.21(b), this demonstration may be made to the chief pilot or assistant chief pilot); and (2) Has in his or her personal possession a letter of competency or an appropriate logbook entry indicating compliance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section. (b) No certificate holder may use, nor may any person serve as, a crewmember or other operations personnel in Class D operations conducted under this part unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, that person has successfully completed either an approved initial or a recurrent training program. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, a person who has performed a rotorcraft external-load operation of the same class and in an aircraft of the same type within the past 12 calendar months need not undergo recurrent training. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.3.3.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | C | Subpart C—Operating Rules and Related Requirements | § 133.39 Inspection authority. | FAA | [Docket 1529, 29 FR 603, Jan. 24, 1964. Redesignated by Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40708, Nov. 7, 1986] | Each person conducting an operation under this part shall allow the Administrator to make any inspections or tests that he considers necessary to determine compliance with the Federal Aviation Regulations and the Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.4.3.1 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | D | Subpart D—Airworthiness Requirements | § 133.41 Flight characteristics requirements. | FAA | [Docket 1529, 29 FR 603, Jan. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 133-5, 41 FR 55475, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40709, Nov. 7, 1986] | (a) The applicant must demonstrate to the Administrator, by performing the operational flight checks prescribed in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, as applicable, that the rotorcraft-load combination has satisfactory flight characteristics, unless these operational flight checks have been demonstrated previously and the rotorcraft-load combination flight characteristics were satisfactory. For the purposes of this demonstration, the external-load weight (including the external-load attaching means) is the maximum weight for which authorization is requested. (b) Class A rotorcraft-load combinations: The operational flight check must consist of at least the following maneuvers: (1) Take off and landing. (2) Demonstration of adequate directional control while hovering. (3) Acceleration from a hover. (4) Horizontal flight at airspeeds up to the maximum airspeed for which authorization is requested. (c) Class B and D rotorcraft-load combinations: The operational flight check must consist of at least the following maneuvers: (1) Pickup of the external load. (2) Demonstration of adequate directional control while hovering. (3) Acceleration from a hover. (4) Horizontal flight at airspeeds up to the maximum airspeed for which authorization is requested. (5) Demonstrating appropriate lifting device operation. (6) Maneuvering of the external load into release position and its release, under probable flight operation conditions, by means of each of the quick-release controls installed on the rotorcraft. (d) Class C rotorcraft-load combinations: For Class C rotorcraft-load combinations used in wire-stringing, cable-laying, or similar operations, the operational flight check must consist of the maneuvers, as applicable, prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.4.3.2 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | D | Subpart D—Airworthiness Requirements | § 133.43 Structures and design. | FAA | [Docket 14324, 41 FR 55475, Dec. 20, 1976, as amended by Amdt. 133-12, 55 FR 8006, Mar. 6, 1990] | (a) External-load attaching means. Each external-load attaching means must have been approved under— (1) Part 8 of the Civil Air Regulations on or before January 17, 1964; (2) Part 133, before February 1, 1977; (3) Part 27 or 29 of this chapter, as applicable, irrespective of the date of approval; or (4) Section 21.25 of this chapter. (b) Quick release devices. Each quick release device must have been approved under— (1) Part 27 or 29 of this chapter, as applicable; (2) Part 133, before February 1, 1977; or (3) Section 21.25 of this chapter, except the device must comply with §§ 27.865(b) and 29.865(b), as applicable, of this chapter. (c) Weight and center of gravity — (1) Weight. The total weight of the rotorcraft-load combination must not exceed the total weight approved for the rotorcraft during its type certification. (2) Center of gravity. The location of the center of gravity must, for all loading conditions, be within the range established for the rotorcraft during its type certification. For Class C rotorcraft-load combinations, the magnitude and direction of the loading force must be established at those values for which the effective location of the center of gravity remains within its established range. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.4.3.3 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | D | Subpart D—Airworthiness Requirements | § 133.45 Operating limitations. | FAA | [Docket 1529, 29 FR 603, Jan. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 133-1, 30 FR 883, Jan. 28, 1965; Amdt. 133-5, 41 FR 55476, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 133-6, 42 FR 24198, May 12, 1977; Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40709, Nov. 7, 1986] | In addition to the operating limitations set forth in the approved Rotorcraft Flight Manual, and to any other limitations the Administrator may prescribe, the operator shall establish at least the following limitations and set them forth in the Rotorcraft-Load Combination Flight Manual for rotorcraft-load combination operations: (a) The rotorcraft-load combination may be operated only within the weight and center of gravity limitations established in accordance with § 133.43(c). (b) The rotorcraft-load combination may not be operated with an external load weight exceeding that used in showing compliance with §§ 133.41 and 133.43. (c) The rotorcraft-load combination may not be operated at airspeeds greater than those established in accordance with § 133.41 (b), (c), and (d). (d) No person may conduct an external-load operation under this part with a rotorcraft type certificated in the restricted category under § 21.25 of this chapter over a densely populated area, in a congested airway, or near a busy airport where passenger transport operations are conducted. (e) The rotorcraft-load combination of Class D may be conducted only in accordance with the following: (1) The rotorcraft to be used must have been type certificated under transport Category A for the operating weight and provide hover capability with one engine inoperative at that operating weight and altitude. (2) The rotorcraft must be equipped to allow direct radio intercommunication among required crewmembers. (3) The personnel lifting device must be FAA approved. (4) The lifting device must have an emergency release requiring two distinct actions. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.4.3.4 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | D | Subpart D—Airworthiness Requirements | § 133.47 Rotorcraft-load combination flight manual. | FAA | [Docket 1529, 29 FR 603, Jan. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40709, Nov. 7, 1986] | The applicant must prepare a Rotorcraft-Load Combination Flight Manual and submit it for approval by the Administrator. The manual must be prepared in accordance with the rotorcraft flight manual provisions of subpart G of part 27 or 29 of this chapter, whichever is applicable. The limiting height-speed envelope data need not be listed as operating limitations. The manual must set forth— (a) Operating limitations, procedures (normal and emergency), performance, and other information established under this subpart; (b) The class of rotorcraft-load combinations for which the airworthiness of the rotorcraft has been demonstrated in accordance with §§ 133.41 and 133.43; and (c) In the information section of the Rotorcraft-Load Combination Flight Manual— (1) Information on any peculiarities discovered when operating particular rotorcraft-load combinations; (2) Precautionary advice regarding static electricity discharges for Class B, Class C, and Class D rotorcraft-load combinations; and (3) Any other information essential for safe operation with external loads. | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.4.3.5 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | D | Subpart D—Airworthiness Requirements | § 133.49 Markings and placards. | FAA | [Docket 1529, Amdt. 133-9A, 81 FR 85138, Nov. 25, 2016] | The following markings and placards must be displayed conspicuously and must be such that they cannot be easily erased, disfigured, or obscured: (a) A placard (displayed in the cockpit or cabin) stating the class of rotorcraft-load combination for which the rotorcraft has been approved and the occupancy limitation prescribed in § 133.35(a). (b) A placard, marking, or instruction (displayed next to the external-load attaching means) stating the maximum external load prescribed as an operating limitation in § 133.45(b). | |||
| 14:14:3.0.1.1.11.4.3.6 | 14 | Aeronautics and Space | I | G | 133 | PART 133—ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS | D | Subpart D—Airworthiness Requirements | § 133.51 Airworthiness certification. | FAA | [Docket 24550, 51 FR 40709, Nov. 7, 1986] | A Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate is a current and valid airworthiness certificate for each rotorcraft type certificated under part 27 or 29 of this chapter (or their predecessor parts) and listed by registration number on a list attached to the certificate, when the rotorcraft is being used in operations conducted under this part. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.1.1.1 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 133.3 Definitions. | FDA | [48 FR 2742, Jan. 21, 1983; 48 FR 11426, Mar. 18, 1983] | (a) Milk means the lacteal secretion, practically free from colostrum, obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows, which may be clarified and may be adjusted by separating part of the fat therefrom; concentrated milk, reconstituted milk, and dry whole milk. Water, in a sufficient quantity to reconstitute concentrated and dry forms, may be added. (b) Nonfat milk means skim milk, concentrated skim milk, reconstituted skim milk, and nonfat dry milk. Water, in a sufficient quantity to reconstitute concentrated and dry forms, may be added. (c) Cream means cream, reconstituted cream, dry cream, and plastic cream. Water, in a sufficient quantity to reconstitute concentrated and dry forms, may be added. (d) Pasteurized when used to describe a dairy ingredient means that every particle of such ingredient shall have been heated in properly operated equipment to one of the temperatures specified in the table of this paragraph and held continuously at or above that temperature for the specified time (or other time/temperature relationship which has been demonstrated to be equivalent thereto in microbial destruction): 1 If the dairy ingredient has a fat content of 10 percent or more, the specified temperature shall be increased by 5 °F. (e) Ultrapasteurized when used to describe a dairy ingredient means that such ingredient shall have been thermally processed at or above 280 °F for at least 2 seconds. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.1.1.2 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 133.5 Methods of analysis. | FDA | [48 FR 2742, Jan. 21, 1983; 48 FR 11426, Mar. 18, 1983, as amended at 54 FR 24893, June 12, 1989; 63 FR 14035, Mar. 24, 1998] | Moisture, milkfat, and phosphatase levels in cheeses will be determined by the following methods of analysis from “Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,” 13th ed., 1980, which is incorporated by reference (copies are available from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North Frederick Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, or available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html ): (a) Moisture content—section 16.233 “Method I (52)—Official Final Action”, under the heading “Moisture”. (b) Milkfat content—section 16.255 “Fat (60)—Official Final Action”. (c) Phenol equivalent value—section 16.275 “Reagents”, section 16.276 “Sampling”, and section 16.277 “Determination”, under the heading “Residual Phosphatase (27) Official Final Action”. (d) Milkfat in solids (fat on a dry basis)—Subtract the percent of moisture found from 100; divide the remainder into the percent milkfat found. The quotient, multiplied by 100, shall be considered to be the percent of milkfat contained in the solids. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.1.1.3 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 133.10 Notice to manufacturers, packers, and distributors of pasteurized blended cheese, pasteurized process cheese, cheese food, cheese spread, and related foods. | FDA | (a) Definitions and standards of identity have recently been promulgated under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for a number of foods made in part from cheese, including pasteurized process cheese; pasteurized process cheese with fruits, vegetables, or meats; pasteurized blended cheese; pasteurized process cheese food; pasteurized process cheese spread, and related foods. These standards prescribe the name for each such food. The act requires that this name appear on the label. Many of these names consist of several words. In the past it has been the practice of some manufacturers to subordinate the words “pasteurized,” “blended,” “process,” “food,” and “spread” to give undue prominence to the word “cheese” and to words naming the variety of cheese involved. (b) When placing the names of these foods on labels so as to comply with the requirements of section 403 (a), (f), and (g) of the act, all the words forming the name specified by a definition and standard of identity should be given equal prominence. This can readily be accomplished by printing the specified name of the food in letters of the same size, color, and style of type, and with the same background. (c) Where the names of optional ingredients are required to appear on the label, the designations of all such ingredients should be given equal prominence. The names of the optional ingredients should appear prominently and conspicuously but should not be displayed with greater prominence than the name of the food. The word “contains” may precede the names of the optional ingredients, and when so used will not be considered as intervening printed matter between name of food and name of optional ingredients required to be placed on the label. (d) Where a manufacturer elects to include a label statement of fat and moisture content, the declaration should be on the basis of the food as marketed. A fat declaration on a moisture-free basis is likely to be misleading, and should not be used in labeling. | ||||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.1 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.102 Asiago fresh and asiago soft cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 48 FR 49013, Oct. 24, 1983; 49 FR 10093, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2891, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Asiago fresh cheese, asiago soft cheese, is the food prepared from milk and other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, or by another procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties as the cheese produced when the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section is used. It contains not more than 45 percent of moisture, and its solids contain not less than 50 percent of milkfat, as determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d). It is cured for not less than 60 days. (b) Milk which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Harmless artificial blue or green coloring in a quantity which neutralizes any natural yellow coloring in the curd may be added. Sufficient rennet, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, or both, with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride) of the weight of the milk, is added to set the milk to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut, stirred, and heated to promote and regulate separation of the whey from the curd. The whey is drained off. When the curd is sufficiently firm it is removed from the kettle or vat, further drained for a short time, packed into hoops, and pressed. The pressed curd is salted in brine and cured in a well-ventilated room. During curing the surface of the cheese is occasionally rubbed with a vegetable oil. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the curing or development of flavor of asiago fresh cheese may be added during the procedure in such quantity that the weight of the solids of such preparation is not more than 0.1 percent of the weight of the milk used. (c)(1) For the purposes of this section, the word “milk” means cow's milk, which m… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.10 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.116 Low sodium cheddar cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2743, Jan. 21, 1983, as amended at 85 FR 72907, Nov. 16, 2020] | Low sodium cheddar cheese is the food prepared from the same ingredients and in the same manner prescribed in § 133.113 for cheddar cheese and complies with all the provisions of § 133.113, including the requirements for label statement of ingredients, except that: (a) It contains not more than 96 milligrams of sodium per pound of finished food. (b) The name of the food is “low sodium cheddar cheese”. The letters in the words “low sodium” shall be of the same size and style of type as the letters in the words “cheddar cheese”, wherever such words appear on the label. (c) If a salt substitute is used, the label shall bear the statement “______ added as a salt substitute”, the blank being filled in with the common name or names of the ingredient or ingredients used as a salt substitute. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.11 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.118 Colby cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10093, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Colby cheese is the food prepared from milk and other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, or by another procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties as the cheese produced when the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section is used. It contains not more than 40 percent of moisture, and its solids contain not less than 50 percent of milkfat, as determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d). If the milk used is not pasteurized, the cheese so made is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for not less than 60 days. (b) Milk, which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Harmless artificial coloring may be added. Sufficient rennet, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, or both, with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride) of the weight of the milk, is added to set the milk to a semisolid mass. The mass is so cut, stirred, and heated with continued stirring, as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. A part of the whey is drained off, and the curd is cooled by adding water, the stirring being continued so as to prevent the pieces of curd from matting. The curd is drained, salted, stirred, further drained, and pressed into forms. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the curing or development of flavor of colby cheese may be added during the procedure, in such quantity that the weight of the solids of such preparation is not more than 0.1 percent of the weight of the milk used. (c) For the purposes of this section: (1) The word “milk” means cow's milk, which may be adjusted by separating part of the fat therefrom or by adding thereto one or more… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.12 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.119 Colby cheese for manufacturing. | FDA | Colby cheese for manufacturing conforms to the definition and standard of identity prescribed for colby cheese by § 133.118, except that the milk is not pasteurized, curing is not required, and the provisions of paragraph (d) of that section do not apply. | ||||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.13 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.121 Low sodium colby cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993; 85 FR 72907, Nov. 16, 2020] | Low sodium colby cheese is the food prepared from the same ingredients and in the same manner prescribed in § 133.118 for colby cheese and complies with all the provisions of § 133.118, including the requirements for label statement of ingredients, except that: (a) Salt is not used. Any safe and suitable ingredient or combination of ingredients that contains no sodium and that is recognized as a salt substitute may be used. (b) Sodium sorbate is not used. (c) It contains not more than 96 milligrams of sodium per pound of finished food. (d) The name of the food is “low sodium colby cheese”. The letters in the words “low sodium” shall be of the same size and style of type as the letters in the words “colby cheese”, wherever such words appear on the label. (e) If a salt substitute as provided for in paragraph (a) of this section is used, the label shall bear the statement “______ added as a salt substitute”, the blank being filled in with the common name or names of the ingredient or ingredients used as a salt substitute. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.14 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.123 Cold-pack and club cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10093, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a)(1) Cold-pack cheese, club cheese, is the food prepared by comminuting, without the aid of heat, one or more cheeses of the same or two or more varieties, except cream cheese, neufchatel cheese, cottage cheese, lowfat cottage cheese, cottage cheese dry curd, hard grating cheese, semisoft part-skim cheese, part-skim spiced cheese and skim milk cheese for manufacturing, into a homogeneous plastic mass. One or more of the optional ingredients designated in paragraph (c) of this section may be used. (2) All cheeses used in a cold-pack cheese are made from pasteurized milk or are held for not less than 60 days at a temperature of not less than 35 °F before being comminuted. (3)(i) The moisture content of a cold-pack cheese made from a single variety of cheese is not more than the maximum moisture content prescribed by the definition and standard of identity, if any there be, for the variety of cheese used. If there is no applicable definition and standard of identity, or if such standard contains no provision as to maximum moisture content, no water is used in the preparation of the cold-pack cheese. (ii) The fat content of the solids of a cold-pack cheese made from a single variety of cheese is not less than the minimum prescribed by the definition and standard of identity, if any there be, for the variety of cheese used, but in no case is less than 47 percent, except that the fat content of the solids of cold-pack swiss cheese is not less than 43 percent, and the fat content of the solids of cold-pack gruyere cheese is not less than 45 percent. (4)(i) The moisture content of a cold-pack cheese made from two or more varieties of cheese is not more than the arithmetical average of the maximum moisture contents prescribed by the definitions and standards of identity, if any there be, for the varieties of cheese used, but in no case is the moisture content more than 42 percent, except that the moisture content of a cold-pack cheese made from two or more of the varieties cheddar cheese, washed curd cheese, colby c… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.15 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.124 Cold-pack cheese food. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10093, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a)(1) Cold-pack cheese food is the food prepared by comminuting and mixing, without the aid of heat, one or more of the optional cheese ingredients prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section with one or more of the optional dairy ingredients prescribed in paragraph (d) of this section, into a homogeneous plastic mass. One or more of the optional ingredients specified in paragraph (e) of this section may be used. (2) All cheeses used in a cold-pack cheese food are made from pasteurized milk, or are held for not less than 60 days at a temperature of not less than 35 °F before being comminuted. (3) The moisture content of a cold-pack cheese food is not more than 44 percent, and the fat content is not less than 23 percent. (4) Moisture and fat are determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d), except that in determining moisture the loss in weight which occurs in drying for 5 hours, under the conditions prescribed in such method, is taken as the weight of moisture. (5) The weight of the cheese ingredient prescribed by paragraph (a)(1) of this section constitutes not less than 51 percent of the weight of the finished cold-pack cheese food. (6) The weight of each variety of cheese in the cold-pack cheese food made with two varieties of cheese is not less than 25 percent of the total weight of both, except that the weight of blue cheese, nuworld cheese, roquefort cheese, gorgonzola cheese, or limburger cheese is not less than 10 percent of the total weight of both. The weight of each variety of cheese in the cold-pack cheese food made with three or more varieties of cheese is not less than 15 percent of the total weight of all, except that the weight of blue cheese, nuworld cheese, roquefort cheese, gorgonzola cheese, or limburger cheese is not less than 5 percent of the total weight of all. These limits do not apply to the quantity of cheddar cheese, washed curd cheese, colby cheese, and granular cheese in mixtures which are designated as “American cheese” as prescribed in paragraph (h)(5) of… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.16 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.125 Cold-pack cheese food with fruits, vegetables, or meats. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10093, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Cold-pack cheese food with fruits, vegetables, or meats or mixtures of these is the food which conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label declaration of ingredients, prescribed for cold pack cheese food by § 133.124, except that: (1) Its milk fat content is not less than 22 percent. (2) It contains one or any mixture of two or more of the following: Any properly prepared fresh, cooked, canned, or dried vegetable; any properly prepared cooked or canned meat. (3) When the added fruits, vegetables, or meats contain fat, the method prescribed for the determination of fat by § 133.5(b) and (d) is not applicable. (b) The name of a cold-pack cheese food with fruits, vegetables or meats is “Cold-pack cheese food with ______”, the blank being filled in with the common or usual name or names of the fruits, vegetables, or meats used, in order of predominance by weight. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.17 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.127 Cook cheese, koch kaese. | FDA | [54 FR 32053, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 55 FR 51409, Dec. 14, 1990; 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Cook cheese, koch kaese, is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The maximum moisture content is 80 percent by weight, as determined by the method described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used may be pasteurized. (2) The phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of cook cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut, stirred, and heated with continued stirring, so as to separate the curd and whey. The whey is drained from the curd and the curd is cured for 2 or 3 days. It is then heated to a temperature of not less than 180 °F until the hot curd will drop from a ladle with a consistency like that of honey. The hot cheese is filled into packages and cooled. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Nonfat milk as defined in § 133.3. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin. (3) Other optional ingredients. (i) Calcium chloride in an amount not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride) of the weight of the dairy ingredients, used as a coagulation aid. (ii) Culture of white mold. (iii) Pasteurized cream. (iv) Caraway seed. (v) Salt. (c) Nomenclature. The name of the food is “cook cheese” or, alternatively, “koch kaese”. (d) Label declaration. Each of the ingredients used in the food shall … | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.18 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.128 Cottage cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Cottage cheese is the soft uncured cheese prepared by mixing cottage cheese dry curd with a creaming mixture as provided in paragraph (b) of this section. The milkfat content is not less than 4 percent by weight of the finished food, within limits of good manufacturing practice. The finished food contains not more than 80 percent of moisture, as determined by the method prescribed in § 133.129(a). (b) The creaming mixture is prepared from safe and suitable ingredients including, but not limited to, milk or substances derived from milk. Any ingredients used that are not derived from milk shall serve a useful function other than building the total solids content of the finished food, and shall be used in a quantity not greater than is reasonably required to accomplish their intended effect. The creaming mixture shall be pasteurized; however, heat labile ingredients, such as bacterial starters, may be added following pasteurization. (c) The name of the food consists of the following two phrases which shall appear together: (1) The words “cottage cheese” which shall appear in type of the same size and style. (2) The statement “not less than __ percent milkfat” or “__ percent milkfat minimum”, the blank being filled in with the whole number that is closest to, but does not exceed, the actual fat content of the product. This statement of fat content shall appear in letters not less than one-half of the height of the letters in the phrase specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, but in no case less than one-eighth of an inch in height. (d) When the optional process described in § 133.129(b)(1) (ii) or (iii) is used to make the cottage cheese dry curd used in cottage cheese, the label shall bear the statement “Directly set” or “Curd set by direct acidification”. Wherever the name of the food appears on the label so conspicuously as to be seen under customary conditions of purchase, the statement specified in this paragraph, showing the optional process used, shall immediately and conspicuously precede or f… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.19 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.129 Dry curd cottage cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 11826, Mar. 19, 1982; 49 FR 10093, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Cottage cheese dry curd is the soft uncured cheese prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section. The finished food contains less than 0.5 percent milkfat. It contains not more than 80 percent of moisture, as determined by the method prescribed in § 133.5(a). (b)(1) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is pasteurized; calcium chloride may be added in a quantity of not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride) of the weight of the mix; thereafter one of the following methods is employed: (i) Harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria, with or without rennet and/or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, are added and it is held until it becomes coagulated. The coagulated mass may be cut; it may be warmed; it may be stirred; it is then drained. The curd may be washed with water and further drained; it may be pressed, chilled, worked, seasoned with salt; or (ii) Food grade phosphoric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, or hydrochloric acid, with or without rennet and/or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, is added in such amount as to reach a pH of between 4.5 and 4.7; coagulation to a firm curd is achieved while heating to a maximum of 120 °F without agitation during a continuous process. The coagulated mass may be cut; it may be warmed; it may be stirred; it is then drained. The curd is washed with water, stirred, and further drained. It may be pressed, chilled, worked, seasoned with salt. (iii) Food grade acids as provided in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section, D-Glucono-delta-lactone with or without rennet, and/or other safe and suitable milk clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, are added in such amounts as to reach a final pH value in the range of 4.5-4.8, and it is held until it becomes coagulated. The coagulated mass may be cut; it may be warmed; it may be stirred; it is then drained. The curd is then… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.2 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.103 Asiago medium cheese. | FDA | [58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | Asiago medium cheese conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients prescribed by § 133.102 for asiago fresh cheese, except that it contains not more than 35 percent moisture, its solids contain not less than 45 percent of milkfat, and it is cured for not less than 6 months. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.20 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.133 Cream cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32053, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Cream cheese is the soft, uncured cheese prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 33 percent by weight of the finished food, and the maximum moisture content is 55 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used are pasteurized. (2) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be homogenized and is subjected to the action of lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to coagulate the dairy ingredients. The coagulated mass may be warmed and stirred and it is drained. The moisture content may be adjusted with one or more of the optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section. The curd may be pressed, chilled, and worked and it may be heated until it becomes fluid. It may then be homogenized or otherwise mixed. One or more of the optional dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) and the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin. (3) Other optional ingredients. (i) Salt. (ii) Cheese whey, concentrated cheese whey, dried cheese whey, or reconstituted cheese whey prepared by addition of water to concentrated cheese whey or dried cheese whey. (iii) Stabilizers, in a total amount not to exceed 0.5 percent of the weight of the finished food, with or without the addition of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in a maximum amount of 0.5 percent of the weight of the stabiliz… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.21 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.134 Cream cheese with other foods. | FDA | [54 FR 32053, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. Cream cheese with other foods is the class of foods prepared by mixing, with or without the aid of heat, cream cheese with one or a mixture of two or more types of foods (except other cheeses) listed in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, in an amount sufficient to differentiate the mixture from cream cheese. One or more of the other optional ingredients in paragraph (b)(2) of this section may be used. The maximum moisture content of the mixture is 60 percent by weight. The minimum milkfat is 33 percent by weight of the cream cheese and in no case less than 27 percent of the finished food. The moisture and fat contents will be determined by the methods described in § 133.5, except that the method for determination of fat content is not applicable when the added food contains fat. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable optional ingredients may be used: (1) Foods. Properly prepared fresh, cooked, canned, or dried fruits or vegetables; cooked or canned meats, relishes, pickles, or other suitable foods. (2) Other optional ingredients. (i) Stabilizers, in a total amount not to exceed 0.8 percent, with or without the addition of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in a maximum amount of 0.5 percent of the weight of the stabilizer(s) used. (ii) Coloring. (c) Nomenclature. The name of the food is “cream cheese with ______” or, alternatively, “cream cheese and ______”, the blank being filled in with the name of the foods used in order of predominance by weight. (d) Label declaration. Each of the ingredients used in the food shall be declared on the label as required by the applicable sections of parts 101 and 130 of this chapter, except that: (1) Enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin may be declared as “enzymes”; and (2) The dairy ingredients may be declared, in descending order of predominance, by the use of the terms “milkfat and nonfat milk” or “nonfat milk and milkfat”, as appropriate. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.22 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.136 Washed curd and soaked curd cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32054, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Washed curd, soaked curd cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 42 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. If the dairy ingredients used are not pasteurized, the cheese is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of washed curd cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed, treated with hydrogen peroxide/catalase, and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is so cut, stirred, and heated with continued stirring, as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. The whey is drained off, and the curd is matted into a cohesive mass. The mass is cut into slabs, which are so piled and handled as to promote the drainage of whey and the development of acidity. The slabs are then cut into pieces, cooled in water, and soaked therein until the whey is partly extracted and water is absorbed. The curd is drained, salted, stirred, and pressed into forms. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin. (3)… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.23 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.137 Washed curd cheese for manufacturing. | FDA | [54 FR 32054, Aug. 4, 1989] | Washed curd cheese for manufacturing conforms to the definition and standard of identity prescribed for washed curd cheese by § 133.136, except that the dairy ingredients are not pasteurized and curing is not required. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.24 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.138 Edam cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2743, Jan. 21, 1983; 48 FR 11426, Mar. 18, 1983, as amended at 55 FR 6795, Feb. 27, 1990; 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Edam cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 40 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 45 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. If the dairy ingredients used are not pasteurized, the cheese is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of edam cheese is not more than 3 micrograms, as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. After coagulation the mass is cut into small cube-shaped pieces with sides approximately three-eighths-inch long. The mass is stirred and heated to about 90 °F. and so handled by further stirring, heating, dilution with water or salt brine, and salting as to promote and regulate the separation of curd and whey. When the desired curd is obtained, it is transferred to forms permitting drainage of whey. During drainage the curd is pressed and turned. After drainage the curd is removed from the forms and is salted and cured. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedures. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin. (3) Other optional ingredients. (i) Coloring. (ii) Ca… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.25 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.140 Gammelost cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32054, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Gammelost cheese is the food prepared from nonfat milk, as defined in § 133.3, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The maximum moisture content is 52 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. (2) The dairy ingredients are subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. The development of acidity is continued until the dairy ingredients coagulate to a semisolid mass. The mass is stirred and heated until a temperature of about 145 °F is reached, and is held at that temperature for at least 30 minutes. The whey is drained off and the curd removed and placed in forms and pressed. The shaped curd is placed in whey and heated for 3 or 4 hours, and may again be pressed. It is then stored under conditions suitable for curing. (b) Nomenclature. The name of the food is “gammelost cheese”. (c) Label declaration. Each of the ingredients used in the food shall be declared on the label as required by the applicable sections of parts 101 and 130 of this chapter. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.26 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.141 Gorgonzola cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32054, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Gorgonzola cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It is characterized by the presence of bluish-green mold, Penicillium roquefortii, throughout the cheese. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 42 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used may be pasteurized. Gorgonzola cheese is at least 90 days old. (2) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into smaller portions and allowed to stand for a time. The mixed curd and whey is placed into forms permitting further drainage. While being placed in forms, spores of the mold Penicillium roquefortii are added. The forms are turned several times during drainage. When sufficiently drained, the shaped curd is removed from the forms and salted with dry salt or brine. Perforations are then made in the shaped curd and it is held at a temperature of approximately 50 °F at 90 to 95 percent relative humidity, until the characteristic mold growth has developed. During storage, the surface of the cheese may be scraped to remove surface growth of undesirable microorganisms. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, or corresponding products of goat origin, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of an… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.27 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.142 Gouda cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2744, Jan. 21, 1983] | Gouda cheese conforms to the definition and standard of identity and complies with the requirements for label declaration of ingredients prescribed for edam cheese by § 133.138, except that the minimum milkfat content is 46 percent by weight of the solids, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5 and the maximum moisture content is 45 percent by weight. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.28 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.144 Granular and stirred curd cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32055, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Granular cheese, stirred curd cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 39 percent by weight as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. If the dairy ingredients used are not pasteurized, the cheese is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of granular cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed, treated with hydrogen peroxide/catalase, and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is so cut, stirred, and heated with continued stirring, as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. A part of the whey is drained off. The curd is then alternately stirred and drained to prevent matting and to remove whey from curd. The curd is then salted, stirred, drained, and pressed into forms. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin. (3) Other optional ingredients. (i) Coloring. (ii) Calcium chloride in an amount not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride) by weight of the dairy ingredients, … | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.29 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.145 Granular cheese for manufacturing. | FDA | [54 FR 32056, Aug. 4, 1989] | Granular cheese for manufacturing conforms to the definition and standard of identity prescribed for granular cheese by § 133.144, except that the dairy ingredients are not pasteurized and curing is not required. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.3 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.104 Asiago old cheese. | FDA | [58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | Asiago old cheese conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients prescribed by § 133.102 for asiago fresh cheese, except that it contains not more than 32 percent moisture, its solids contain not less than 42 percent of milk fat, and it is cured for not less than 1 year. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.30 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.146 Grated cheeses. | FDA | [54 FR 32056, Aug. 4, 1989; 54 FR 35756, Aug. 29, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. Grated cheeses is the class of foods prepared by grinding, grating, shredding, or otherwise comminuting cheese of one variety or a mixture of two or more varieties. The cheese varieties that may be used are those for which there are definitions and standards of identity, except that cream cheese, neufchatel cheese, cottage cheese, creamed cottage cheese, cook cheese, and skim milk cheese for manufacturing may not be used. All cheese ingredients used are either made from pasteurized milk or held at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. Moisture may be removed from the cheese ingredients in the manufacture of the finished food, but no moisture is added. One or more of the optional ingredients specified in paragraph (c) of this section may be used. (b) Composition. (1) Each cheese ingredient used is present at a minimum level of 2 percent of the weight of the finished food. (2) When one variety of cheese is used, the minimum milkfat content of the food is not more than 1 percent lower than the minimum prescribed by the standard of identity for that cheese. (3) When two or more varieties of cheese are used, the minimum milkfat content is not more than 1 percent below the arithmetical average of the minimum fat content percentages prescribed by the standards of identity for the varieties of cheese used, and in no case is the milkfat content less than 31 percent. (4) Milkfat and moisture contents are determined by the methods described in § 133.5. (c) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Antimycotics. (2) Anticaking agents. (3) Spices. (4) Flavorings other than those which, singly or in combination with other ingredients, simulate the flavor of cheese of any age or variety. (d) Nomenclature. (1) The name of the food is “grated cheese” or “grated cheeses”, as appropriate. The name of the food shall be accompanied by a declaration of the specific variety of cheese(s) used in the food and by a declaration indicating the p… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.31 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.147 Grated American cheese food. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10094, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a)(1) Grated American cheese food is the food prepared by mixing, with or without the aid of heat, one or more of the optional cheese ingredients prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section with one or more of the optional ingredients prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, into a uniformly blended, partially dehydrated, powdered, or granular mixture. (2) Grated American cheese food contains not less than 23 percent of milkfat, as determined by the method prescribed in § 133.5(b). (b) The optional cheese ingredients referred to in paragraph (a) of this section are cheddar cheese, washed curd cheese, colby cheese, and granular cheese. (c) The other optional ingredients referred to in paragraph (a) of this section are: (1) Nonfat dry milk. (2) Dried whey. (3) An emulsifying agent consisting of one or any mixture of two or more of the emulsifying ingredients named in § 133.173(e)(1), in such quantity that the weight of the solids thereof is not more than 3 percent of the weight of the grated American cheese food. (4) An acidifying agent consisting of one or more of the acid-reacting ingredients named in § 133.173(e)(2). (5) Salt. (6) Artificial coloring. (d) The name of the food is “Grated American cheese food”. The full name of the food shall appear on the principal display panel of the label in type of uniform size, style, and color. Wherever any word or statement emphasizing the name of any ingredient appears on the label (other than in an ingredient statement as specified in paragraph (e) of this section) so conspicuously as to be easily seen under customary conditions of purchase, the full name of the food shall immediately and conspicuously precede or follow such word or statement in type of at least the same size as the type used in such word or statement. (e) Each of the ingredients used in the food shall be declared on the label as required by the applicable sections of parts 101 and 130 of this chapter, except that cheddar cheese, washed curd cheese, colby cheese, granular cheese, or any m… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.32 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.148 Hard grating cheeses. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 48 FR 49013, Oct. 24, 1983; 49 FR 10094, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) The cheeses for which definitions and standards of identity are prescribed by this section are hard grating cheeses for which specifically applicable definitions and standards of identity are not prescribed by other sections of this part. They are made from milk and the other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section. They contain not more than 34 percent of moisture, and their solids contain not less than 32 percent of milkfat, as determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d). Hard grating cheeses are cured for not less than 6 months. (b) Milk, which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria or other harmless flavor-producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Sufficient rennet, rennet paste, extract of rennet paste, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, singly or in any combination (with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent, calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride, of the weight of the milk) is added to set the milk to a semisolid mass. Harmless artificial coloring may be added. The mass is cut into small particles, stirred, and heated. The curd is separated from the whey, drained, shaped into forms, pressed, salted, and cured. The rind may be colored or rubbed with vegetable oil or both. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the curing or development of flavor of hard grating cheese may be added during the procedure, in such quantity that the weight of the solids of such preparation is not more than 0.1 percent of the weight of the milk used. (c) For the purposes of this section, the word “milk” means cow's milk or goat's milk or sheep's milk or mixtures of two or all of these. Such milk may be adjusted by separating part of the fat therefrom or (in the case of cow's milk) by adding one or… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.33 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.149 Gruyere cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2744, Jan. 21, 1983; 48 FR 11426, Mar. 18, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Gruyere cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It contains small holes or eyes. It has a mild flavor, due in part to the growth of surface-curing agents. The minimum milkfat content is 45 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 39 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used may be pasteurized. The cheese is at least 90 days old. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of gruyere cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of lactic acid-producing and propionic acid-producing bacterial cultures. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into particles similar in size to wheat kernels. For about 30 minutes the particles are alternately stirred and allowed to settle. The temperature is raised to about 126 °F. Stirring is continued until the curd becomes firm. The curd is transferred to hoops or forms, and pressed until the desired shape and firmness are obtained. The cheese is surface-salted while held at a temperature of 48° to 54 °F for a few days. It is soaked for 1 day in a saturated salt solution. It is then held for 3 weeks in a salting cellar and wiped every 2 days with brine cloth to insure growth of biological curing agents on the rind. It is then removed to a heating room and held at progressively higher temperatures, finally reaching 65 °F with a relative humidity of 85 to 90 percent, for several weeks, during which time small holes, or so-called eyes, form. The cheese is then stored at a lower temperature for f… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.34 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.150 Hard cheeses. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 48 FR 49013, Oct. 24, 1983; 49 FR 10094, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) The cheeses for which definitions and standards of identity are prescribed by this section are hard cheeses for which specifically applicable definitions and standards of identity are not prescribed by other sections of this part. They are made from milk and the other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section. They contain not more than 39 percent of moisture, and their solids contain not less than 50 percent of milkfat, as determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d). If the milk used is not pasteurized, the cheese so made is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for not less than 60 days. (b) Milk, which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria, with or without other harmless flavor-producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Harmless artificial coloring may be added. Sufficient rennet, rennet paste, extract of rennet paste, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, singly or in any combination (with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent, calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride, of the weight of the milk) is added to set the milk to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into small particles, stirred, and heated. The curd is separated from the whey, drained, and shaped into forms, and may be pressed. The curd is salted at some stage of the manufacturing process. The shaped curd may be cured. The rind may be coated with paraffin or rubbed with vegetable oil. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the curing or development of flavor of hard cheese may be added during the procedure, in such quantity that the weight of the solids of such preparation is not more than 0.1 percent of the weight of the milk used. Harmless flavor-producing microorganisms may be added, and curing may be conducted unde… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.35 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.152 Limburger cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2744, Jan. 21, 1983; 48 FR 11426, Mar. 18, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Limburger cheese is the food prepared by one of the procedures set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 50 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. If the dairy ingredients used are not pasteurized, the cheese is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of limburger cheese is not more than 4 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One of the following procedures may be followed for producing limburger cheese: (i) One or more of the dairy ingredients, unpasteurized, specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is warmed to about 92 °F and subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into cubes with sides approximately one-half inch long. After a few minutes the mass is stirred and heated, gradually raising the temperature to 96° to 98 °F. The curd is then allowed to settle, most of the whey is drained off, and the remaining curd and whey dipped into molds. During drainage the curd may be pressed. It is turned at regular intervals. After drainage the curd is cut into pieces of desired size and dry-salted at intervals for 24 to 48 hours. The cheese is then cured with frequent applications of a weak brine solution to the surface, until the proper growth of surface-curing organisms is obtained. It is then wrapped and held in storage for development of as much additional flavor as is desired. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (ii) One or more … | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.36 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.153 Monterey cheese and monterey jack cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32056, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Monterey cheese, monterey jack cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids, and the maximum moisture content is 44 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used are pasteurized. (2) The phenol equivalent of 0.25 gram of monterey cheese is not more than 3 micrograms, as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is so cut, stirred, and heated with continued stirring, as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. Part of the whey is drained off, and water or salt brine may be added. The curd is drained and placed in a muslin or sheeting cloth, formed into a ball, and pressed; or the curd is placed in a cheese hoop and pressed. Later, the cloth bandage is removed, and the cheese may be covered with a suitable coating. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin. (3) Other optional ingredients. (i) Calcium chloride in an amount not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride) by weight of the dairy ingredients, used as a coagulation aid. (ii) Enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin, used in curing or f… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.37 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.154 High-moisture jack cheese. | FDA | [58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | High-moisture jack cheese conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirement for label statement of ingredients prescribed for monterey cheese by § 133.153, except that its moisture content is more than 44 percent but less than 50 percent. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.38 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.155 Mozzarella cheese and scamorza cheese. | FDA | [53 FR 3743, Feb. 9, 1988, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Mozzarella cheese, scamorza cheese is the food prepared from dairy ingredients and other ingredients specified in this section by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It may be molded into various shapes. The minimum milkfat content is 45 percent by weight of the solids, and the moisture content is more than 52 percent but not more than 60 percent by weight as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients are pasteurized. (2) The phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of mozzarella cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is warmed to approximately 88 °F (31.1 °C) and subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut, and it may be stirred to facilitate separation of whey from the curd. The whey is drained, and the curd may be washed with cold water and the water drained off. The curd may be collected in bundles for further drainage and for ripening. The curd may be iced, it may be held under refrigeration, and it may be permitted to warm to room temperature and ripen further. The curd may be cut. It is immersed in hot water or heated with steam and is kneaded and stretched until smooth and free of lumps. It is then cut and molded. The molded curd is firmed by immersion in cold water and drained. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Cow's milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, or the corresponding products of water buffal… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.39 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.156 Low-moisture mozzarella and scamorza cheese. | FDA | [53 FR 3743, Feb. 9, 1988, as amended at 58 FR 2893, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Low-moisture mozzarella cheese, low-moisture scamorza cheese is the food prepared from dairy ingredients and other ingredients specified in this section by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It may be molded into various shapes. The minimum milkfat content is 45 percent by weight of the solids and the moisture content is more than 45 percent but not more than 52 percent by weight as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients are pasteurized. (2) The phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of low-moisture mozzarella cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this action is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut, stirred, and allowed to stand. It may be reheated and again stirred. The whey is drained and the curd may be cut and piled to promote further separation of whey. It may be washed with cold water and the water drained off. The curd may be collected in bundles for further drainage and for ripening. The curd may be iced, it may be held under refrigeration, and it may be permitted to warm to room temperature and ripen further. The curd may be cut. It is immersed in hot water or heated with steam and is kneaded and stretched until smooth and free of lumps. It is then cut and molded. In molding, the curd is kept sufficiently warm to cause proper sealing of the surface. The molded curd is firmed by immersion in cold water and drained. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suit… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.4 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.106 Blue cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2742, Jan. 21, 1983, as amended at 54 FR 32052, Aug. 4, 1989; 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Blue cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(2), of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It is characterized by the presence of bluish-green mold, Penicillium roquefortii, throughout the cheese. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 46 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used may be pasteurized. Blue cheese is at least 60 days old. (2) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be homogenized, bleached, warmed, and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into smaller portions and allowed to stand for a time. The mixed curd and whey is placed in forms permitting further drainage. While the curd is being placed in forms, spores of the mold Penicillium roquefortii are added. The forms are turned several times during drainage. When sufficiently drained, the shaped curd is removed from the forms and salted with dry salt or brine. Perforations are then made in the shaped curd, and it is held at a temperature of approximately 50 °F. at 90 to 95 percent relative humidity, until the characteristic mold growth has developed. During storage the surface of the cheese may be scraped to remove surface growth of undesirable microorganisms. Antimycotics may be applied to the surface of the whole cheese. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzym… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.40 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.157 Part-skim mozzarella and scamorza cheese. | FDA | Part-skim mozzarella cheese, part-skim scamorza cheese conforms to the definition and standard of identity as prescribed for mozzarella cheese by § 133.155, except that its milk fat content, calculated on the solids basis, is less than 45 percent but not less than 30 percent. | ||||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.41 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.158 Low-moisture part-skim mozzarella and scamorza cheese. | FDA | [58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | Low-moisture part-skim mozzarella cheese and low-moisture part-skim scamorza cheese conform to the definition and standard of identity and comply with the requirements for label declaration of ingredients prescribed for low-moisture mozzarella cheese and low-moisture scamorza cheese by § 133.156, except that their milkfat content, calculated on the solids basis, is less than 45 percent but not less than 30 percent. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.42 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.160 Muenster and munster cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32057, Aug. 4, 1989; 54 FR 35756, Aug. 29, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Muenster cheese, munster cheese, is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 46 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used are pasteurized. (2) The phenol equivalent of 0.25 gram of muenster cheese is not more than 3 micrograms, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of a harmless lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. After coagulation the mass is divided into small portions, stirred, and heated, with or without dilution with water or salt brine, so as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. The curd is transferred to forms permitting drainage of the whey. During drainage the curd may be pressed and turned. After drainage the curd is removed from the forms and is salted. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin. (3) Other optional ingredients. (i) Coloring. (ii) Calcium chloride in an amount not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride) of the weight of the dairy ingredients, used as a coagulation aid. (iii) Enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin used in curing or flavor development… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.43 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.161 Muenster and munster cheese for manufacturing. | FDA | [54 FR 32057, Aug. 4, 1989] | Muenster cheese for manufacturing conforms to the definition and standard of identity for muenster cheese prescribed by § 133.160, except that the dairy ingredients are not pasteurized. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.44 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.162 Neufchatel cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32057, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Neufchatel cheese is the soft uncured cheese prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The milkfat content is not less than 20 percent but less than 33 percent by weight of the finished food and the maximum moisture content is 65 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used are pasteurized. (2) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is subjected to the action of a harmless lactic acid-producing bacterial culture, with or without one or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. The mixture is held until the dairy ingredients coagulate. The coagulated mass may be warmed and stirred and it is drained. The moisture content may be adjusted with one of the optional ingredients in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section. The curd may be pressed, chilled, worked, and heated until it becomes fluid. It may then be homogenized or otherwise mixed. One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section or the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of animal, plant, or microbial origin. (3) Other optional ingredients. (i) Salt. (ii) Cheese whey, concentrated cheese whey, dried cheese whey, or reconstituted cheese whey prepared by addition of water to concentrated cheese whey or dried cheese whey. (iii) Stabilizers, in a total amount not to exceed 0.5 percent of the weight of the finished food, with or without the addition of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in a maximum amount of 0.5 percent of the weight of the stabilizer(… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.45 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.164 Nuworld cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32058, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Nuworld cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It is characterized by the presence of creamy-white mold, a white mutant of Penicillium roquefortii, throughout the cheese. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 46 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used may be pasteurized. Nuworld cheese is at least 60 days old. (2) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into smaller portions and allowed to stand for a time. The mixed curd and whey is placed into forms permitting further drainage. While being placed in forms, spores of a white mutant of the mold Penicillium roquefortii are added. The forms are turned several times during drainage. When sufficiently drained, the shaped curd is removed from the forms and salted with dry salt or brine. Perforations are then made in the shaped curd and it is held at a temperature of approximately 50 °F at 90 to 95 percent relative humidity, until the characteristic mold growth has developed. During storage, the surface of the cheese may be scraped to remove surface growth of undesirable microorganisms. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of animal, plant,… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.46 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.165 Parmesan and reggiano cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 48 FR 49014, Oct. 24, 1983; 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Parmesan cheese, reggiano cheese, is the food prepared from milk and other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, or by another procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties as the cheese produced when the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section is used. It is characterized by a granular texture and a hard and brittle rind. It grates readily. It contains not more than 32 percent of moisture, and its solids contain not less than 32 percent of milkfat, as determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d). It is cured for not less than 10 months. (b) Milk, which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Sufficient rennet, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, or both, with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride) of the weight of the milk, is added to set the milk to a semisolid mass. Harmless artificial coloring may be added. The mass is cut into pieces no larger than wheat kernels, heated, and stirred until the temperature reaches between 115 °F and 125 °F. The curd is allowed to settle and is then removed from the kettle or vat, drained for a short time, placed in hoops, and pressed. The pressed curd is removed and salted in brine, or dry-salted. The cheese is cured in a cool, ventilated room. The rind of the cheese may be coated or colored. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the curing or development of flavor of parmesan cheese may be added during the procedure, in such quantity that the weight of the solids of such preparation is not more than 0.1 percent of the weight of the milk used. (c)(1) For the purposes of this section, the word “milk” means cow's milk, which… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.47 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.167 Pasteurized blended cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | Pasteurized blended cheese conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for pasteurized process cheese by § 133.169, except that: (a) In mixtures of two or more cheeses, cream cheese or neufchatel cheese may be used. (b) None of the ingredients prescribed or permitted for pasteurized process cheese by § 133.169 (c) and (d)(1) is used. (c) In case of mixtures of two or more cheeses containing cream cheese or neufchatel cheese, the moisture content is not more than the arithmetical average of the maximum moisture contents prescribed by the definitions and standards of identity for the varieties of cheeses blended, for which such limits have been prescribed. (d) The word “process” is replaced by the word “blended” in the name prescribed by § 133.169(e). | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.48 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.168 Pasteurized blended cheese with fruits, vegetables, or meats. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1977; 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Pasteurized blended cheese with fruits, vegetables, or meats, or mixtures of these is the food which conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for pasteurized blended cheese by § 133.167, except that: (1) Its moisture content may be 1 percent more, and the milk fat content of its solids may be 1 percent less, than the limits prescribed by § 133.167 for moisture and milk fat in the corresponding pasteurized blended cheese. (2) It contains one or any mixture of two or more of the following: Any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried fruit; any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried vegetable; any properly prepared cooked or canned meat. (3) When the added fruits, vegetables, or meats contain fat, the method prescribed for the determination of fat by § 133.5(b) is not applicable. (b) The name of a pasteurized blended cheese with fruits, vegetables, or meats is the name prescribed by § 133.167 for the applicable pasteurized blended cheese, followed by the term “with ______”, the blank being filled in with the common or usual name or names of the fruits, vegetables, or meats used, in order of predominance by weight. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.49 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.169 Pasteurized process cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a)(1) Pasteurized process cheese is the food prepared by comminuting and mixing, with the aid of heat, one or more cheeses of the same or two or more varieties, except cream cheese, neufchatel cheese, cottage cheese, lowfat cottage cheese, cottage cheese dry curd, cook cheese, hard grating cheese, semisoft part-skim cheese, part-skim spiced cheese, and skim milk cheese for manufacturing with an emulsifying agent prescribed by paragraph (c) of this section into a homogeneous plastic mass. One or more of the optional ingredients designated in paragraph (d) of this section may be used. (2) During its preparation, pasteurized process cheese is heated for not less than 30 seconds at a temperature of not less than 150 °F. When tested for phosphatase by the method prescribed in § 133.5(c), the phenol equivalent of 0.25 gram of pasteurized process cheese is not more than 3 micrograms. (3)(i) The moisture content of a pasteurized process cheese made from a single variety of cheese is not more than 1 percent greater than the maximum moisture content prescribed by the definition and standard of identity, if any there be, for the variety of cheese used; but in no case is more than 43 percent, except that the moisture content of pasteurized process washed curd cheese or pasteurized process colby cheese is not more than 40 percent; the moisture content of pasteurized process swiss cheese or pasteurized process gruyere cheese is not more than 44 percent; and the moisture content of pasteurized process limburger cheese is not more than 51 percent. (ii) The fat content of the solids of a pasteurized process cheese made from a single variety of cheese is not less than the minimum prescribed by the definition and standard of identity, if any there be, for the variety of cheese used, but in no case is less than 47 percent; except that the fat content of the solids of pasteurized process swiss cheese is not less than 43 percent, and the fat content of the solids of pasteurized process gruyere cheese is not less than 45 percent. … | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.5 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.108 Brick cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32052, Aug. 4, 1989; 54 FR 35756, Aug. 29, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993; 58 FR 17105, Apr. 1, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Brick cheese is the food prepared from dairy ingredients and other ingredients specified in this section by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 44 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. If the dairy ingredients used are not pasteurized, the cheese is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of brick cheese is not more than 5 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is brought to a temperature of about 88 °F and subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into cubes with sides approximately 3/8 inch long, and stirred and heated so that the temperature rises slowly to about 96 °F. The stirring is continued until the curd is sufficiently firm. Part of the whey is then removed, and the mixture diluted with water or salt brine to control the acidity. The curd is transferred to forms, and drained. During drainage it is pressed and turned. After drainage the curd is salted, and the biological curing agents characteristic of brick cheese are applied to the surface. The cheese is then cured to develop the characteristics of brick cheese. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone o… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.50 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.170 Pasteurized process cheese with fruits, vegetables, or meats. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Unless a definition and standard of identity specifically applicable is established by another section of this part, a pasteurized process cheese with fruits, vegetables, or meats, or mixtures of these is a food which conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for pasteurized process cheese by § 133.169, except that: (1) Its moisture content may be 1 percent more, and the milk fat content of its solids may be 1 percent less than the limits prescribed by § 133.169 for moisture and fat in the corresponding pasteurized process cheese. (2) It contains one or any mixture of two or more of the following: Any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried fruit; any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried vegetable; any properly prepared cooked or canned meat. (3) When the added fruits, vegetables, or meats contain fat, the method prescribed for the determination of fat by § 133.5(b) is not applicable. (b) The name of a pasteurized process cheese with fruits, vegetables, or meats is the name prescribed by § 133.169 for the applicable pasteurized process cheese, followed by the term “with ______”, the blank being filled in with the common or usual name or names of the fruits, vegetables, or meats used, in order of predominance by weight. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.51 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.171 Pasteurized process pimento cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | Pasteurized process pimento cheese is the food which conforms to the definition and standard of identity for pasteurized process cheese with fruits, vegetables, or meats, and is subject to the requirement for label statement of ingredients, except that: (a) Its moisture content is not more than 41 percent, and the fat content of its solids is not less than 49 percent. (b) The cheese ingredient is cheddar cheese, washed curd cheese, colby cheese, granular cheese or any mixture of two or more of these in any proportion. (c) For the purposes of this section, cheddar cheese for manufacturing, washed curd cheese for manufacturing, colby cheese for manufacturing, and granular cheese for manufacturing shall be considered as cheddar cheese, washed curd cheese, colby cheese, and granular cheese, respectively. (d) The only fruit, vegetable, or meat ingredient is pimentos in such quantity that the weight of the solids thereof is not less than 0.2 percent of the weight of the finished pasteurized process pimento cheese. (e) The optional ingredients designated in § 133.169(b) and (d)(6) are not used. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.52 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.173 Pasteurized process cheese food. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a)(1) A pasteurized process cheese food is the food prepared by comminuting and mixing, with the aid of heat, one or more of the optional cheese ingredients prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, with one or more of the optional dairy ingredients prescribed in paragraph (d) of this section, into a homogeneous plastic mass. One or more of the optional ingredients specified in paragraph (e) of this section may be used. (2) During its preparation, a pasteurized process cheese food is heated for not less than 30 seconds, at a temperature of not less than 150 °F. When tested for phosphatase by the method prescribed in § 133.5(c), the phenol equivalent of 0.25 gram of pasteurized process cheese food is not more than 3 micrograms. (3) The moisture content of a pasteurized process cheese food is not more than 44 percent, and the fat content is not less than 23 percent. (4) Moisture and fat are determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5(a) and (b), except that in determining moisture the loss in weight which occurs in drying for 5 hours, under the conditions prescribed in such method, is taken as the weight of the moisture. (5) The weight of the cheese ingredient prescribed by paragraph (a)(1) of this section constitutes not less than 51 percent of the weight of the finished pasteurized process cheese food. (6) The weight of each variety of cheese in a pasteurized process cheese food made with two varieties of cheese is not less than 25 percent of the total weight of both, except that the weight of blue cheese, nuworld cheese, roquefort cheese, gorgonzola cheese, or limburger cheese is not less than 10 percent of the total weight of both. The weight of each variety of cheese in a pasteurized process cheese food made with three or more varieties of cheese is not less than 15 percent of the total weight of all, except that the weight of blue cheese, nuworld cheese, roquefort cheese, gorgonzola cheese, or limburger cheese is not less than 5 percent of the total weight of all. These limits do not apply to the… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.53 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.174 Pasteurized process cheese food with fruits, vegetables, or meats. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Pasteurized process cheese food with fruits, vegetables, or meats, or mixtures of these is the food which conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for pasteurized process cheese food by § 133.173, except that: (1) Its milk fat content is not less than 22 percent. (2) It contains one or any mixture of two or more of the following: Any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried fruit; any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried vegetable; any properly prepared cooked or canned meat. (3) When the added fruits, vegetables, or meats contain fat, the method prescribed for the determination of fat by § 133.5(b) is not applicable. (b) The name of a pasteurized process cheese food with fruits, vegetables, or meats is “Pasteurized process cheese food with ______”, the blank being filled in with the common or usual name or names of the fruits, vegetables, or meats used, in order of predominance by weight. (c) If the only vegetable ingredient is pimento, and no meat or fruit ingredient is used, the weight of the solids of such pimentos is not less than 0.2 percent of the weight of the finished food. The name of this food is “Pimento pasteurized process cheese food” or “Pasteurized process pimento cheese food”. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.54 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.175 Pasteurized cheese spread. | FDA | [58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | Pasteurized cheese spread is the food which conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for pasteurized process cheese spread by § 133.179, except that no emulsifying agent as prescribed by § 133.179(e) is used. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.55 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.176 Pasteurized cheese spread with fruits, vegetables, or meats. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Pasteurized cheese spread with fruits, vegetables, or meats, or mixtures of these is a food which conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for pasteurized cheese spread by § 133.175, except that: (1) It contains one or any mixture of two or more of the following: Any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried fruit; any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried vegetable; any properly prepared cooked or canned meat. (2) When the added fruits, vegetables, or meats contain fat, the method prescribed for the determination of fat by § 133.5(b) is not applicable. (b) The name of a pasteurized cheese spread with fruits, vegetables, or meats is “Pasteurized cheese spread with ______”, the blank being filled in with the name or names of the fruits, vegetables, or meats used, in order of predominance by weight. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.56 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.178 Pasteurized neufchatel cheese spread with other foods. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2894, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a)(1) Pasteurized neufchatel cheese spread with other foods is the class of foods each of which is prepared by mixing, with the aid of heat, neufchatel cheese with one or a mixture of two or more properly prepared foods (except other cheeses), such as fresh, cooked, canned, or dried fruits or vegetables; cooked or canned meats; relishes, pickles or other foods suitable for blending with neufchatel cheese. It may contain one or any mixture of two or more of the optional ingredients named in paragraph (b) of this section. The amount of the added food or foods must be sufficient to so differentiate the blend that it does not simulate neufchatel cheese. It is spreadable at 70 °F. (2) During its preparation the mixture is heated for not less than 30 seconds at a temperature of not less than 150 °F. When tested for phosphatase by the method prescribed in § 133.5(c), the phenol equivalent of 0.25 gram of such food is not more than 3 micrograms. (3)(i) No water other than that contained in the ingredients used is added to this food, but the moisture content in no case is more than 65 percent. (ii) The milk fat is not less than 20 percent by weight of the finished food. (b) The optional ingredients referred to in paragraph (a) of this section are: (1)(i) One or any mixture of two or more of the following: Gum karaya, gum tragacanth, carob bean gum, gelatin, algin (sodium alginate), propylene glycol alginate, guar gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (cellulose gum), carrageenan, oat gum, or xanthan gum. The total quantity of any such substances, including that contained in the neufchatel cheese, is not more than 0.8 percent by weight of the finished food. (ii) When one or more of the optional ingredients in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section are used, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate complying with the requirements of § 172.810 of this chapter may be used in a quantity not in excess of 0.5 percent by weight of such ingredients. (2) Artificial coloring, unless such addition conceals damage or inferiority or makes the f… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.57 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.179 Pasteurized process cheese spread. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 54 FR 6121, Feb. 8, 1989; 54 FR 22741, May 26, 1989; 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a)(1) Pasteurized process cheese spread is the food prepared by comminuting and mixing, with the aid of heat, one or more of the optional cheese ingredients prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, with or without one or more of the optional dairy ingredients prescribed in paragraph (d) of this section, with one or more of the emulsifying agents prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section, and with or without one or more of the optional ingredients prescribed by paragraph (f) of this section, into a homogeneous plastic mass, which is spreadable at 70 °F. (2) During its preparation, a pasteurized process cheese spread is heated for not less than 30 seconds at a temperature of not less than 150 °F. When tested for phosphatase by the method prescribed in § 133.5(c), the phenol equivalent of 0.25 gram of pasteurized process cheese spread is not more than 3 micrograms. (3) The moisture content of a pasteurized process cheese spread is more than 44 percent but not more than 60 percent, and the milk fat content is not less than 20 percent. (4) Moisture and fat are determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5(a) and (b), except that in determining moisture the loss in weight which occurs in drying for 5 hours, under the conditions prescribed in such method, is taken as the weight of the moisture. (5) The weight of the cheese ingredient referred to in paragraph (a)(1) of this section constitutes not less than 51 percent of the weight of the pasteurized process cheese spread. (6) The weight of each variety of cheese in a pasteurized process cheese spread made with two varieties of cheese is not less than 25 percent of the total weight of both, except that the weight of blue cheese, nuworld cheese, roquefort cheese, gorgonzola cheese, or limburger cheese is not less than 10 percent of the total weight of both. The weight of each variety of cheese in a pasteurized process cheese spread made with three or more varieties of cheese is not less than 15 percent of the total weight of all, except that the weight of bl… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.58 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.180 Pasteurized process cheese spread with fruits, vegetables, or meats. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Pasteurized process cheese spread with fruits, vegetables, or meats, or mixtures of these is a food which conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for pasteurized process cheese spread by § 133.179, except that: (1) It contains one or any mixture of two or more of the following: Any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried fruit; any properly prepared cooked, canned, or dried vegetable; any properly prepared cooked or canned meat. (2) When the added fruits, vegetables, or meats contain fat, the method prescribed for the determination of fat by § 133.5(b) is not applicable. (b) The name of a pasteurized process cheese spread with fruits, vegetables, or meats is “Pasteurized process cheese spread with ______”, the blank being filled in with the name or names of the fruits, vegetables, or meats used, in order of predominance by weight. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.59 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.181 Provolone cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2745, Jan. 21, 1983, as amended at 48 FR 49014, Oct. 24, 1983; 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Provolone, a pasta filata or stretched curd-type cheese, is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, or by any other method which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It has a stringy texture. The minimum milkfat content is 45 percent by weight of the solids, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5 and the maximum moisture content is 45 percent by weight. If the dairy ingredients used are not pasteurized, the cheese is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of provolone cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be bleached, warmed, and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut, stirred, and heated so as to promote and regulate the separation of whey from the curd. The whey is drained off, and the curd is matted and cut, immersed in hot water, and kneaded and stretched until it is smooth and free from lumps. Antimycotics may be added to the curd during the kneading and stretching process. Then it is cut and molded. During the molding the curd is kept sufficiently warm to cause proper sealing of the surface. The molded curd is then firmed by immersion in cold water, salted in brine, and dried. It is given some additional curing. Provolone cheese may be smoked, and one or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in co… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.6 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.109 Brick cheese for manufacturing. | FDA | [54 FR 32053, Aug. 4, 1989] | Brick cheese for manufacturing conforms to the definition and standard of identity for brick cheese prescribed by § 133.108, except that the dairy ingredients are not pasteurized and curing is not required. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.60 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.182 Soft ripened cheeses. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) The cheeses for which definitions and standards of identity are prescribed by this section are soft ripened cheeses for which specifically applicable definitions and standards of identity are not prescribed by other sections of this part. They are made from milk and other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section. Their solids contain not less than 50 percent of milkfat, as determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5(a), (b), and (d). If the milk used is not pasteurized, the cheese so made is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for not less than 60 days. (b) Milk, which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria or other harmless flavor-producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Sufficient rennet, rennet paste, extract of rennet paste, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, singly or in any combination (with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent, calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride, of the weight of the milk) is added to set the milk to a semisolid mass. Harmless artificial coloring may be added. After coagulation the mass is so treated as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. Such treatment may include one or more of the following: Cutting, stirring, heating, dilution with water or brine. The whey, or part of it, is drained off, and the curd is collected and shaped. It may be placed in forms, and may be pressed. Harmless flavor-producing microorganisms may be added. It is cured under conditions suitable for development of biological curing agents on the surface of the cheese, and the curing is conducted so that the cheese cures from the surface toward the center. Salt may be added during the procedure. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the curing or development of flavor o… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.61 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.183 Romano cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 48 FR 49014, Oct. 24, 1983; 49 FR 10095, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Romano cheese is the food prepared from cow's milk or sheep's milk or goat's milk or mixtures of two or all of these and other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, or by another procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties as the cheese produced when the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section is used. It grates readily, and has a granular texture and a hard and brittle rind. It contains not more than 34 percent of moisture, and its solids contain not less than 38 percent of milkfat, as determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5(a), (b), and (d). It is cured for not less than 5 months. (b) Milk, which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria present in such milk or added thereto. Harmless artificial blue or green coloring in a quantity which neutralizes any natural yellow coloring in the curd may be added. Rennet, rennet paste, extract of rennet paste, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, singly or in any combination (with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent, calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride, of the weight of the milk) is added to set the milk to be a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into particles no larger than corn kernels, stirred, and heated to a temperature of about 120 °F. The curd is allowed to settle to the bottom of the kettle or vat, and is then removed and drained for a short time, packed in forms or hoops, and pressed. The pressed curd is salted by immersing in brine for about 24 hours and is then removed from the brine and the surface allowed to dry. It is then alternately rubbed with salt and washed at intervals. It may be perforated with needles. It is finally drycured. During curing it is turned and scraped. The surface may be rubbed with vegetable oil. A harmless preparati… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.62 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.184 Roquefort cheese, sheep's milk blue-mold, and blue-mold cheese from sheep's milk. | FDA | [54 FR 32058, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Roquefort cheese, sheep's milk blue-mold cheese, blue-mold cheese from sheep's milk, is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It is characterized by the presence of bluish-green mold, Penicillium roquefortii, throughout the cheese. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 45 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used may be pasteurized. Roquefort cheese is at least 60 days old. (2) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into smaller portions and allowed to stand for a time. The mixed curd and whey is placed into forms permitting further drainage. While being placed in forms, spores of the mold Penicillium roquefortii are added. The forms are turned several times during drainage. When sufficiently drained, the shaped curd is removed from the forms and salted with dry salt or brine. Perforations are then made in the shaped curd and it is held at a temperature of approximately 50 °F at 90 to 95 percent relative humidity, until the characteristic mold growth has developed. During storage, the surface of the cheese may be scraped to remove surface growth of undesirable microorganisms. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Operational ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Forms of milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, of sheep origin, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.63 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.185 Samsoe cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2745, Jan. 21, 1983; 48 FR 11426, Mar. 18, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Samsoe cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It has a small amount of eye formation of approximately uniform size of about five-sixteenths inch (8 millimeters). The minimum milkfat content is 45 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 41 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used may be pasteurized. Samsoe cheese is cured at not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of samsoe cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. After coagulation the mass is cut into small cube-shaped pieces with sides approximately three-eighths inch (1 centimeter). The mass is stirred and heated to about 102 °F, and so handled by further stirring, heating, dilution with water, and salting as to promote and regulate the separation of curd and whey. When the desired curd is obtained, it is transferred to forms permitting drainage of whey. During drainage, the curd is pressed. After drainage, the curd is removed from the forms and is further salted by immersing in a concentrated salt solution for about 3 days. The curd is then cured at a temperature of from 60° to 70 °F for 3 to 5 weeks to obtain the desired eye formation. Further curing is conducted at a lower temperature. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The foll… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.64 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.186 Sap sago cheese. | FDA | [54 FR 32058, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Sap sago cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The cheese is pale green in color and has the shape of a truncated cone. The maximum moisture content is 38 percent by weight, as determined by the method described in § 133.5. Sap sago cheese is not less than 5 months old. (2) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is allowed to become sour, and is heated to boiling temperature, with stirring. Sufficient sour whey is added to precipitate the casein. The curd is removed, spread out in boxes, and pressed, and while under pressure is allowed to drain and ferment. It is ripened for not less than 5 weeks. The ripened curd is dried and ground; salt and dried clover of the species Melilotus coerulea are added. The mixture is shaped into truncated cones and ripened. The optional ingredient in paragraph (b)(2) of this section may be added during this procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Nonfat milk, as defined in § 133.3. (2) Other optional ingredients. Buttermilk. (c) Nonmenclature. The name of the food is “sap sago cheese”. (d) Label declaration. Each of the ingredients used in the food shall be declared on the label as required by the applicable sections of parts 101 and 130 of this chapter. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.65 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.187 Semisoft cheeses. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10096, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) The cheeses for which definitions and standards of identity are prescribed by this section are semisoft cheeses for which specifically applicable definitions and standards of identity are not prescribed by other sections of this part. They are made from milk and other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section. They contain more than 39 percent, but not more than 50 percent, of moisture, and their solids contain not less than 50 percent of milkfat, as determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d). If the milk used is not pasteurized, the cheese so made is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for not less than 60 days. (b) Milk, which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria or other harmless flavor-producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Sufficient rennet, rennet paste, extract of rennet paste, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, singly or in any combination (with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent, calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride, of the weight of the milk) is added to set the milk to a semisolid mass. Harmless artificial coloring may be added. After coagulation the mass is so treated as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. Such treatment may include one or more of the following: cutting, stirring, heating, dilution with water or brine. The whey, or part of it, is drained off, and the curd is collected and shaped. It may be placed in forms, and may be pressed. Harmless flavor-producing microorganisms may be added. It may be cured in a manner to promote the growth of biological curing agents. Salt may be added during the procedure. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the curing or development of flavor of semisoft cheese may be added, in such qua… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.66 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.188 Semisoft part-skim cheeses. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 19, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10096, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) The cheeses for which definitions and standards of identity are prescribed by this section are semisoft part-skim cheeses for which specifically applicable definitions and standards of identity are not prescribed by other sections of this part. They are made from partly skimmed milk and other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section. They contain not more than 50 percent of moisture, and their solids contain not less than 45 percent, but less than 50 percent, of milkfat, as determined by the methods set forth in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d). If the milk used is not pasteurized, the cheese so made is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F, for not less than 60 days. (b) Milk, which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria or other harmless flavor-producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Sufficient rennet, rennet paste, extract of rennet paste, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation singly or in any combination (with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent, calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride, of the weight of the milk) is added to set the milk to a semisolid mass. Harmless artificial coloring may be added. After coagulation the mass is so treated as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. Such treatment may include one or more of the following: Cutting, stirring, heating, dilution with water or brine. The whey, or part of it, is drained off, and the curd is collected and shaped. It may be placed in forms, and it may be pressed. Harmless flavor-producing microorganisms may be added. It may be cured in a manner to promote the growth of biological curing agents. Salt may be added during the procedure. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the curing or development of flavor of semisoft part-… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.67 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.189 Skim milk cheese for manufacturing. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 10096, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Skim milk cheese for manufacturing is the food prepared from skim milk and other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, or by another procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties as the cheese produced when the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section is used. It contains not more than 50 percent of moisture, as determined by the method prescribed in § 133.5 (a). It is coated with blue-colored paraffin or other tightly adhering coating, colored blue. (b) Skim milk or the optional dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (c) of this section, which may be pasteurized, and which may be warmed, are subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Harmless artificial coloring may be added. Sufficient rennet, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, or both, with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride) of the weight of the skim milk, is added to set the skim milk to a semisolid mass. The mass is so cut, stirred, and heated with continued stirring, as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. The whey is drained off, and the curd is matted into a cohesive mass. Proteins from the whey may be incorporated. The mass is cut into slabs which are so piled and handled as to promote the drainage of whey and the development of acidity. The slabs are then cut into pieces, which may be rinsed by pouring or sprinkling water over them, with free and continuous drainage; but the duration of such rinsing is so limited that only the whey on the surface of such pieces is removed. The curd is salted, stirred, further drained, and pressed into forms. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the curing or development of flavor of skim milk cheese for manufacturing may be added du… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.68 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.190 Spiced cheeses. | FDA | [54 FR 32059, Aug. 4, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Spiced cheeses are cheeses for which specifically applicable definitions and standards of identity are not prescribed by other sections of this part. The food is prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids, as determined by the method described in § 133.5. The food contains spices, in a minimum amount of 0.015 ounce per pound of cheese, and may contain spice oils. If the dairy ingredients are not pasteurized, the cheese is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. (2) The phenol equivalent of 0.25 gram of spiced cheese is not more than 3 micrograms, as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed and is subjected to the action of a harmless lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is divided into smaller portions and so handled by stirring, heating, and diluting with water or salt brine as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. The whey is drained off. The curd is removed and may be further drained. The curd is then shaped into forms, and may be pressed. At some time during the procedure, spices are added so as to be evenly distributed throughout the finished cheese. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, or corresponding products of goat or sheep origin, used alone or in combination. (2) Clotting enzymes. Rennet and/or other clotting enzymes of an… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.69 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.191 Part-skim spiced cheeses. | FDA | [58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | Part-skim spiced cheeses conform to the definition and standard of identity, and are subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients prescribed for spiced cheeses by § 133.190, except that their solids contain less than 50 percent, but not less than 20 percent, of milkfat. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.7 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.111 Caciocavallo siciliano cheese. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 39102, Aug. 2, 1977; 48 FR 49013, Oct. 24, 1983; 49 FR 10093, Mar. 19, 1984; 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Caciocavallo siciliano cheese is the food prepared from cow's milk or sheep's milk or goat's milk or mixtures of two or all of these and other ingredients specified in this section, by the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, or by another procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties as the cheese produced when the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section is used. It has a stringy texture, and is made in oblong shapes. It contains not more than 40 percent of moisture, and its solids contain not less than 42 percent milkfat as determined by the methods prescribed in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d). It is cured for not less than 90 days at a temperature of not less than 35 °F. (b) Milk, which may be pasteurized or clarified or both, and which may be warmed, is subjected to the action of harmless lactic-acid-producing bacteria, present in such milk or added thereto. Harmless artificial blue or green coloring in a quantity which neutralizes any natural yellow coloring in the curd may be added. Sufficient rennet, rennet paste, extract of rennet paste, or other safe and suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation, singly or in any combination (with or without purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent, calculated as anhydrous calcium chloride, of the weight of the milk) is added to set the milk to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut, stirred, and heated so as to promote and regulate the separation of whey from curd. The whey is drained off, and the curd is removed to another vat containing hot whey, in which it is soaked for several hours. This whey is withdrawn, the curd is allowed to mat, and is cut into blocks. These are washed in hot whey until the desired elasticity is obtained. The curd is removed from the vat, drained, pressed into oblong forms, dried, and salted in brine, and cured. It may be paraffined. A harmless preparation of enzymes of animal or plant origin capable of aiding in the cu… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.70 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.193 Spiced, flavored standardized cheeses. | FDA | [42 FR 14366, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Except as otherwise provided for herein and in applicable sections in this part, a spiced or flavored standardized cheese conforms to the applicable definitions, standard of identity and requirements for label statement of ingredients prescribed for that specific natural cheese variety promulgated pursuant to section 401 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. In addition a spiced and/or flavored standardized cheese shall contain one or more safe and suitable spices and/or flavorings, in such proportions as are reasonably required to accomplish their intended effect: Provided, That, no combination of ingredients shall be used to simulate the flavor of cheese of any age or variety. (b) The name of a spiced or flavored standardized cheese shall include in addition to the varietal name of the natural cheese, a declaration of any flavor and/or spice that characterizes the food, in the manner prescribed in § 101.22 of this chapter. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.71 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.195 Swiss and emmentaler cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2746, Jan. 21, 1983; 48 FR 11426, Mar. 18, 1983, as amended at 55 FR 6795, Feb. 27, 1990; 58 FR 2895, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Swiss cheese, emmentaler cheese, is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. It has holes or eyes developed throughout the cheese. The minimum milkfat content is 43 percent by weight of the solids and the maximum moisture content is 41 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. The dairy ingredients used may be pasteurized. Swiss cheese is at least 60 days old. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of swiss cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be bleached, warmed, or treated with hydrogen peroxide/catalase, and is subjected to the action of lactic acid-producing and propionic acid-producing bacterial cultures. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is cut into particles similar in size to wheat kernels. For about 30 minutes the particles are alternately stirred and allowed to settle. The temperature is raised to about 126 °F. Stirring is continued until the curd becomes firm. The acidity of the whey at this point, calculated as lactic acid, does not exceed 0.13 percent. The curd is transferred to hoops or forms and pressed until the desired shape and firmness are obtained. The cheese is then salted by immersing it in a saturated salt solution for about 3 days. It is then held at a temperature of about 50° to 60 °F. for a period of 5 to 10 days, after which it is held at a temperature of about 75 °F. until it is approximately 30 days old, or until the so-called eyes form. Salt, or a solution of salt in water, is added to the surface of the cheese at some time during the curing process. The cheese is then stored at a low… | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.72 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.196 Swiss cheese for manufacturing. | FDA | [55 FR 6795, Feb. 27, 1990] | Swiss cheese for manufacturing conforms to the definition and standard of identity prescribed for swiss cheese by § 133.195, except that the holes, or eyes, have not developed throughout the entire cheese. | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.8 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.113 Cheddar cheese. | FDA | [48 FR 2743, Jan. 21, 1983; 48 FR 11426, Mar. 18, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 2892, Jan. 6, 1993] | (a) Description. (1) Cheddar cheese is the food prepared by the procedure set forth in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties. The minimum milkfat content is 50 percent by weight of the solids, and the maximum moisture content is 39 percent by weight, as determined by the methods described in § 133.5. If the dairy ingredients used are not pasteurized, the cheese is cured at a temperature of not less than 35 °F for at least 60 days. (2) If pasteurized dairy ingredients are used, the phenol equivalent value of 0.25 gram of cheddar cheese is not more than 3 micrograms as determined by the method described in § 133.5. (3) One or more of the dairy ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be warmed, treated with hydrogen peroxide/catalase, and is subjected to the action of a lactic acid-producing bacterial culture. One or more of the clotting enzymes specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is added to set the dairy ingredients to a semisolid mass. The mass is so cut, stirred, and heated with continued stirring, as to promote and regulate the separation of whey and curd. The whey is drained off, and the curd is matted into a cohesive mass. The mass is cut into slabs, which are so piled and handled as to promote the drainage of whey and the development of acidity. The slabs are then cut into pieces, which may be rinsed by sprinkling or pouring water over them, with free and continuous drainage; but the duration of such rinsing is so limited that only the whey on the surface of such pieces is removed. The curd is salted, stirred, further drained, and pressed into forms. One or more of the other optional ingredients specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may be added during the procedure. (b) Optional ingredients. The following safe and suitable ingredients may be used: (1) Dairy ingredients. Milk, nonfat milk, or cream, as defined in § 133.3, used alone or in combination. (2) … | |||
| 21:21:2.0.1.1.25.2.1.9 | 21 | Food and Drugs | I | B | 133 | PART 133—CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS | B | Subpart B—Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products | § 133.114 Cheddar cheese for manufacturing. | FDA | [48 FR 2743, Jan. 21, 1983] | Cheddar cheese for manufacturing conforms to the definition and standard of identity prescribed for cheddar cheese by § 133.113, except that the milk is not pasteurized, curing is not required, and the provisions of paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of that section do not apply. | |||
| 40:40:24.0.1.1.23.0.16.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | D | 133 | PART 133—SECONDARY TREATMENT REGULATION | § 133.100 Purpose. | EPA | This part provides information on the level of effluent quality attainable through the application of secondary or equivalent treatment. | ||||||
| 40:40:24.0.1.1.23.0.16.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | D | 133 | PART 133—SECONDARY TREATMENT REGULATION | § 133.101 Definitions. | EPA | [49 FR 37006, Sept. 20, 1984; 49 FR 40405, Oct. 16, 1984, as amended at 50 FR 23387, June 3, 1985] | Terms used in this part are defined as follows: (a) 7-day average. The arithmetic mean of pollutant parameter values for samples collected in a period of 7 consecutive days. (b) 30-day average. The arithmetic mean of pollutant parameter values of samples collected in a period of 30 consecutive days. (c) Act. The Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq., as amended). (d) BOD. The five day measure of the pollutant parameter biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). (e) CBOD 5 . The five day measure of the pollutant parameter carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD 5 ). (f) Effluent concentrations consistently achievable through proper operation and maintenance. (1) For a given pollutant parameter, the 95th percentile value for the 30-day average effluent quality achieved by a treatment works in a period of at least two years, excluding values attributable to upsets, bypasses, operational errors, or other unusual conditions, and (2) a 7-day average value equal to 1.5 times the value derived under paragraph (f)(1) of this section. (g) Facilities eligible for treatment equivalent to secondary treatment. Treatment works shall be eligible for consideration for effluent limitations described for treatment equivalent to secondary treatment (§ 133.105), if: (1) The BOD 5 and SS effluent concentrations consistently achievable through proper operation and maintenance (§ 133.101(f)) of the treatment works exceed the minimum level of the effluent quality set forth in §§ 133.102(a) and 133.102(b), (2) A trickling filter or waste stabilization pond is used as the principal process, and (3) The treatment works provide significant biological treatment of municipal wastewater. (h) mg/l. Milligrams per liter. (i) NPDES. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. (j) Percent removal. A percentage expression of the removal efficiency across a treatment plant for a given pollutant parameter, as determined from the 30-day average values of the raw wastewater influent pollutant concentrations to the fa… |
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