cfr_sections
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304 rows where agency = "OSHA" and part_number = 1926 sorted by section_id
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.1.13.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | A | Subpart A—General | § 1926.1 Purpose and scope. | OSHA | (a) This part sets forth the safety and health standards promulgated by the Secretary of Labor under section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act. The standards are published in subpart C of this part and following subparts. (b) Subpart B of this part contains statements of general policy and interpretations of section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act having general applicability. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.1.13.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | A | Subpart A—General | § 1926.2 Variances from safety and health standards. | OSHA | (a) Variances from standards which are, or may be, published in this part may be granted under the same circumstances whereunder variances may be granted under section 6(b)(A) or 6(d) of the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 65). The procedures for the granting of variances and for related relief under this part are those published in part 1905 of this title. (b) Any requests for variances under this section shall also be considered requests for variances under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, and any requests for variances under Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act with respect to construction safety or health standards shall be considered to be also variances under the Construction Safety Act. Any variance from a construction safety or health standard which is contained in this part and which is incorporated by reference in part 1910 of this title shall be deemed a variance from the standard under both the Construction Safety Act and the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.1.13.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | A | Subpart A—General | § 1926.3 Inspections—right of entry. | OSHA | (a) It shall be a condition of each contract which is subject to section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act that the Secretary of Labor or any authorized representative shall have a right of entry to any site of contract performance for the following purposes: (1) To inspect or investigate the matter of compliance with the safety and health standards contained in subpart C of this part and following subparts; and (2) To carry out the duties of the Secretary under section 107(b) of the Act. (b) For the purpose of carrying out his investigative duties under the Act, the Secretary of Labor may, by agreement, use with or without reimbursement the services, personnel, and facilities of any State or Federal agency. Any agreements with States under this section shall be similar to those provided for under the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act under 41 CFR part 50-205. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.1.13.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | A | Subpart A—General | § 1926.4 Rules of practice for administrative adjudications for enforcement of safety and health standards. | OSHA | (a) The rules of practice for administrative adjudications for the enforcement of the safety and health standards contained in subpart C of this part and the following subparts shall be the same as those published in part 6 of this title with respect to safety and health violations of the Service Contract Act of 1965 (69 Stat. 1035), except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) In the case of debarment, the findings required by section 107(d) of the Act shall be made by the hearing examiner or the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, as the case may be. Whenever, as provided in section 107(d)(2), a contractor requests termination of debarment before the end of the 3-year period prescribed in that section, the request shall be filed in writing with the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health who shall publish a notice in the Federal Register that the request has been received and afford interested persons an opportunity to be heard upon the request, and thereafter the provisions of part 6 of this title shall apply with respect to prehearing conferences, hearings and related matters, and decisions and orders. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.1.13.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | A | Subpart A—General | § 1926.5 OMB control numbers under the Paperwork Reduction Act. | OSHA | [61 FR 5509, Feb. 13, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 3814, Jan. 27, 1998; 63 FR 13340, Mar. 19, 1998; 63 FR 17094, Apr. 8, 1998; 64 FR 18810, Apr. 16, 1999; 71 FR 38086, July 5, 2006; 75 FR 68430, Nov. 8, 2010; 81 FR 48710, July 26, 2016; 81 FR 53268, Aug. 12, 2016; 83 FR 9703, Mar. 7, 2018; 84 FR 34785, July 19, 2019] | The following sections or paragraphs each contain a collection of information requirement which has been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under the control number listed. | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.1.13.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | A | Subpart A—General | § 1926.6 Incorporation by reference. | OSHA | [75 FR 48130, Aug. 9, 2010, as amended at 77 FR 37600, June 22, 2012; 78 FR 35566, June 13, 2013; 78 FR 66641, Nov. 6, 2013; 79 FR 20692, Apr. 11, 2014; 81 FR 16092, Mar. 25, 2016; 84 FR 21574, May 14, 2019] | (a) The standards of agencies of the U.S. Government, and organizations which are not agencies of the U.S. Government which are incorporated by reference in this part, have the same force and effect as other standards in this part. Only the mandatory provisions ( i.e., provisions containing the word “shall” or other mandatory language) of standards incorporated by reference are adopted as standards under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. (b) The standards listed in this section are incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, OSHA must publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. (c) Copies of standards listed in this section and issued by private standards organizations are available for purchase from the issuing organizations at the addresses or through the other contact information listed below for these private standards organizations. In addition, the standards are available for inspection at any Regional Office of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), or at the OSHA Docket Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue NW, Room N-3508, Washington, DC 20210; telephone: 202-693-2350 (TTY number: 877-889-5627). These standards are also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of these standards at NARA, telephone: 202-741-6030, or go to www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. (d) The following material is available for purchase from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45240; telephone: 513-742-6163; fax: 513-742-3355; e-mail: mail@acgih.org ; Web site: http://www.acgih.org : (1) Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants for 1970, 1970, IBR approved for § 1926.55(a) and … | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.10.13.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | J | Subpart J—Welding and Cutting | § 1926.350 Gas welding and cutting. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 42328, Oct. 18, 1990; 58 FR 35179, June 30, 1993] | (a) Transporting, moving, and storing compressed gas cylinders. (1) Valve protection caps shall be in place and secured. (2) When cylinders are hoisted, they shall be secured on a cradle, slingboard, or pallet. They shall not be hoisted or transported by means of magnets or choker slings. (3) Cylinders shall be moved by tilting and rolling them on their bottom edges. They shall not be intentionally dropped, struck, or permitted to strike each other violently. (4) When cylinders are transported by powered vehicles, they shall be secured in a vertical position. (5) Valve protection caps shall not be used for lifting cylinders from one vertical position to another. Bars shall not be used under valves or valve protection caps to pry cylinders loose when frozen. Warm, not boiling, water shall be used to thaw cylinders loose. (6) Unless cylinders are firmly secured on a special carrier intended for this purpose, regulators shall be removed and valve protection caps put in place before cylinders are moved. (7) A suitable cylinder truck, chain, or other steadying device shall be used to keep cylinders from being knocked over while in use. (8) When work is finished, when cylinders are empty, or when cylinders are moved at any time, the cylinder valve shall be closed. (9) Compressed gas cylinders shall be secured in an upright position at all times except, if necessary, for short periods of time while cylinders are actually being hoisted or carried. (10) Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from fuel-gas cylinders or combustible materials (especially oil or grease), a minimum distance of 20 feet (6.1 m) or by a noncombustible barrier at least 5 feet (1.5 m) high having a fire-resistance rating of at least one-half hour. (11) Inside of buildings, cylinders shall be stored in a well-protected, well-ventilated, dry location, at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from highly combustible materials such as oil or excelsior. Cylinders should be stored in definitely assigned places away from elevators, stairs, or gangways… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.10.13.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | J | Subpart J—Welding and Cutting | § 1926.351 Arc welding and cutting. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 51 FR 25318, July 11, 1986] | (a) Manual electrode holders. (1) Only manual electrode holders which are specifically designed for arc welding and cutting, and are of a capacity capable of safely handling the maximum rated current required by the electrodes, shall be used. (2) Any current-carrying parts passing through the portion of the holder which the arc welder or cutter grips in his hand, and the outer surfaces of the jaws of the holder, shall be fully insulated against the maximum voltage encountered to ground. (b) Welding cables and connectors. (1) All arc welding and cutting cables shall be of the completely insulated, flexible type, capable of handling the maximum current requirements of the work in progress, taking into account the duty cycle under which the arc welder or cutter is working. (2) Only cable free from repair or splices for a minimum distance of 10 feet from the cable end to which the electrode holder is connected shall be used, except that cables with standard insulated connectors or with splices whose insulating quality is equal to that of the cable are permitted. (3) When it becomes necessary to connect or splice lengths of cable one to another, substantial insulated connectors of a capacity at least equivalent to that of the cable shall be used. If connections are effected by means of cable lugs, they shall be securely fastened together to give good electrical contact, and the exposed metal parts of the lugs shall be completely insulated. (4) Cables in need of repair shall not be used. When a cable, other than the cable lead referred to in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, becomes worn to the extent of exposing bare conductors, the portion thus exposed shall be protected by means of rubber and friction tape or other equivalent insulation. (c) Ground returns and machine grounding. (1) A ground return cable shall have a safe current carrying capacity equal to or exceeding the specified maximum output capacity of the arc welding or cutting unit which it services. When a single ground return cable services mo… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.10.13.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | J | Subpart J—Welding and Cutting | § 1926.352 Fire prevention. | OSHA | (a) When practical, objects to be welded, cut, or heated shall be moved to a designated safe location or, if the objects to be welded, cut, or heated cannot be readily moved, all movable fire hazards in the vicinity shall be taken to a safe place, or otherwise protected. (b) If the object to be welded, cut, or heated cannot be moved and if all the fire hazards cannot be removed, positive means shall be taken to confine the heat, sparks, and slag, and to protect the immovable fire hazards from them. (c) No welding, cutting, or heating shall be done where the application of flammable paints, or the presence of other flammable compounds, or heavy dust concentrations creates a hazard. (d) Suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be immediately available in the work area and shall be maintained in a state of readiness for instant use. (e) When the welding, cutting, or heating operation is such that normal fire prevention precautions are not sufficient, additional personnel shall be assigned to guard against fire while the actual welding, cutting, or heating operation is being performed, and for a sufficient period of time after completion of the work to ensure that no possibility of fire exists. Such personnel shall be instructed as to the specific anticipated fire hazards and how the firefighting equipment provided is to be used. (f) When welding, cutting, or heating is performed on walls, floors, and ceilings, since direct penetration of sparks or heat transfer may introduce a fire hazard to an adjacent area, the same precautions shall be taken on the opposite side as are taken on the side on which the welding is being performed. (g) For the elimination of possible fire in enclosed spaces as a result of gas escaping through leaking or improperly closed torch valves, the gas supply to the torch shall be positively shut off at some point outside the enclosed space whenever the torch is not to be used or whenever the torch is left unattended for a substantial period of time, such as during the lunch period. Ov… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.10.13.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | J | Subpart J—Welding and Cutting | § 1926.353 Ventilation and protection in welding, cutting, and heating. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 42328, Oct. 18, 1990; 58 FR 35179, June 30, 1993] | (a) Mechanical ventilation. For purposes of this section, mechanical ventilation shall meet the following requirements: (1) Mechanical ventilation shall consist of either general mechanical ventilation systems or local exhaust systems. (2) General mechanical ventilation shall be of sufficient capacity and so arranged as to produce the number of air changes necessary to maintain welding fumes and smoke within safe limits, as defined in subpart D of this part. (3) Local exhaust ventilation shall consist of freely movable hoods intended to be placed by the welder or burner as close as practicable to the work. This system shall be of sufficient capacity and so arranged as to remove fumes and smoke at the source and keep the concentration of them in the breathing zone within safe limits as defined in subpart D of this part. (4) Contaminated air exhausted from a working space shall be discharged into the open air or otherwise clear of the source of intake air. (5) All air replacing that withdrawn shall be clean and respirable. (6) Oxygen shall not be used for ventilation purposes, comfort cooling, blowing dust from clothing, or for cleaning the work area. (b) Welding, cutting, and heating in confined spaces. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, and paragraph (c)(2) of this section, either general mechanical or local exhaust ventilation meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section shall be provided whenever welding, cutting, or heating is performed in a confined space. (2) When sufficient ventilation cannot be obtained without blocking the means of access, employees in the confined space shall be protected by air line respirators in accordance with the requirements of subpart E of this part, and an employee on the outside of such a confined space shall be assigned to maintain communication with those working within it and to aid them in an emergency. (3) Lifelines. Where a welder must enter a confined space through a manhole or other small opening, means shall be provid… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.10.13.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | J | Subpart J—Welding and Cutting | § 1926.354 Welding, cutting, and heating in way of preservative coatings. | OSHA | (a) Before welding, cutting, or heating is commenced on any surface covered by a preservative coating whose flammability is not known, a test shall be made by a competent person to determine its flammability. Preservative coatings shall be considered to be highly flammable when scrapings burn with extreme rapidity. (b) Precautions shall be taken to prevent ignition of highly flammable hardened preservative coatings. When coatings are determined to be highly flammable, they shall be stripped from the area to be heated to prevent ignition. (c) Protection against toxic preservative coatings: (1) In enclosed spaces, all surfaces covered with toxic preservatives shall be stripped of all toxic coatings for a distance of at least 4 inches from the area of heat application, or the employees shall be protected by air line respirators, meeting the requirements of subpart E of this part. (2) In the open air, employees shall be protected by a respirator, in accordance with requirements of subpart E of this part. (d) The preservative coatings shall be removed a sufficient distance from the area to be heated to ensure that the temperature of the unstripped metal will not be appreciably raised. Artificial cooling of the metal surrounding the heating area may be used to limit the size of the area required to be cleaned. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.13.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.400 Introduction. | OSHA | This subpart addresses electrical safety requirements that are necessary for the practical safeguarding of employees involved in construction work and is divided into four major divisions and applicable definitions as follows: (a) Installation safety requirements. Installation safety requirements are contained in §§ 1926.402 through 1926.408. Included in this category are electric equipment and installations used to provide electric power and light on jobsites. (b) Safety-related work practices. Safety-related work practices are contained in §§ 1926.416 and 1926.417. In addition to covering the hazards arising from the use of electricity at jobsites, these regulations also cover the hazards arising from the accidental contact, direct or indirect, by employees with all energized lines, above or below ground, passing through or near the jobsite. (c) Safety-related maintenance and environmental considerations. Safety-related maintenance and environmental considerations are contained in §§ 1926.431 and 1926.432. (d) Safety requirements for special equipment. Safety requirements for special equipment are contained in § 1926.441. (e) Definitions. Definitions applicable to this subpart are contained in § 1926.449. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.13.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.401 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.14.10 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | §§ 1926.409-1926.415 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.14.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.402 Applicability. | OSHA | (a) Covered. Sections 1926.402 through 1926.408 contain installation safety requirements for electrical equipment and installations used to provide electric power and light at the jobsite. These sections apply to installations, both temporary and permanent, used on the jobsite; but these sections do not apply to existing permanent installations that were in place before the construction activity commenced. If the electrical installation is made in accordance with the National Electrical Code ANSI/NFPA 70-1984, exclusive of Formal Interpretations and Tentative Interim Amendments, it will be deemed to be in compliance with §§ 1926.403 through 1926.408, except for §§ 1926.404(b)(1) and 1926.405(a)(2)(ii) (E), (F), (G), and (J). (b) Not covered. Sections 1926.402 through 1926.408 do not cover installations used for the generation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy, including related communication, metering, control, and transformation installations. (However, these regulations do cover portable and vehicle-mounted generators used to provide power for equipment used at the jobsite.) See subpart V of this part for the construction of power distribution and transmission lines. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.14.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.403 General requirements. | OSHA | [51 FR 25318, July 11, 1986, as amended at 61 FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996] | (a) Approval. All electrical conductors and equipment shall be approved. (b) Examination, installation, and use of equipment —(1) Examination. The employer shall ensure that electrical equipment is free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. Safety of equipment shall be determined on the basis of the following considerations: (i) Suitability for installation and use in conformity with the provisions of this subpart. Suitability of equipment for an identified purpose may be evidenced by listing, labeling, or certification for that identified purpose. (ii) Mechanical strength and durability, including, for parts designed to enclose and protect other equipment, the adequacy of the protection thus provided. (iii) Electrical insulation. (iv) Heating effects under conditions of use. (v) Arcing effects. (vi) Classification by type, size, voltage, current capacity, specific use. (vii) Other factors which contribute to the practical safeguarding of employees using or likely to come in contact with the equipment. (2) Installation and use. Listed, labeled, or certified equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with instructions included in the listing, labeling, or certification. (c) Interrupting rating. Equipment intended to break current shall have an interrupting rating at system voltage sufficient for the current that must be interrupted. (d) Mounting and cooling of equipment —(1) Mounting. Electric equipment shall be firmly secured to the surface on which it is mounted. Wooden plugs driven into holes in masonry, concrete, plaster, or similar materials shall not be used. (2) Cooling. Electrical equipment which depends upon the natural circulation of air and convection principles for cooling of exposed surfaces shall be installed so that room air flow over such surfaces is not prevented by walls or by adjacent installed equipment. For equipment designed for floor mounting, clearance between top surfaces and adjacent surfaces shall … | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.14.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.404 Wiring design and protection. | OSHA | [51 FR 25318, July 11, 1986, as amended at 54 FR 24334, June 7, 1989; 61 FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996] | (a) Use and identification of grounded and grounding conductors —(1) Identification of conductors. A conductor used as a grounded conductor shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors. A conductor used as an equipment grounding conductor shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors. (2) Polarity of connections. No grounded conductor shall be attached to any terminal or lead so as to reverse designated polarity. (3) Use of grounding terminals and devices. A grounding terminal or grounding-type device on a receptacle, cord connector, or attachment plug shall not be used for purposes other than grounding. (b) Branch circuits —(1) Ground-fault protection —(i) General. The employer shall use either ground fault circuit interrupters as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section or an assured equipment grounding conductor program as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section to protect employees on construction sites. These requirements are in addition to any other requirements for equipment grounding conductors. (ii) Ground-fault circuit interrupters. All 120-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacle outlets on construction sites, which are not a part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure and which are in use by employees, shall have approved ground-fault circuit interrupters for personnel protection. Receptacles on a two-wire, single-phase portable or vehicle-mounted generator rated not more than 5kW, where the circuit conductors of the generator are insulated from the generator frame and all other grounded surfaces, need not be protected with ground-fault circuit interrupters. (iii) Assured equipment grounding conductor program. The employer shall establish and implement an assured equipment grounding conductor program on construction sites covering all cord sets, receptacles which are not a part of the building or structure, and equipment connected by cord and plug which are available for use or used by employees.… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.14.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.405 Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use. | OSHA | [51 FR 25318, July 11, 1986, as amended at 61 FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996; 85 FR 8736, Feb. 18, 2020] | (a) Wiring methods. The provisions of this paragraph do not apply to conductors which form an integral part of equipment such as motors, controllers, motor control centers and like equipment. (1) General requirements —(i) Electrical continuity of metal raceways and enclosures. Metal raceways, cable armor, and other metal enclosures for conductors shall be metallically joined together into a continuous electric conductor and shall be so connected to all boxes, fittings, and cabinets as to provide effective electrical continuity. (ii) Wiring in ducts. No wiring systems of any type shall be installed in ducts used to transport dust, loose stock or flammable vapors. No wiring system of any type shall be installed in any duct used for vapor removal or in any shaft containing only such ducts. (2) Temporary wiring —(i) Scope. The provisions of paragraph (a)(2) of this section apply to temporary electrical power and lighting wiring methods which may be of a class less than would be required for a permanent installation. Except as specifically modified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, all other requirements of this subpart for permanent wiring shall apply to temporary wiring installations. Temporary wiring shall be removed immediately upon completion of construction or the purpose for which the wiring was installed. (ii) General requirements for temporary wiring. (A) Feeders shall originate in a distribution center. The conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or within raceways; or, where not subject to physical damage, they may be run as open conductors on insulators not more than 10 feet (3.05 m) apart. (B) Branch circuits shall originate in a power outlet or panelboard. Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors, or shall be run in raceways. All conductors shall be protected by overcurrent devices at their ampacity. Runs of open conductors shall be located where the conductors will not be subject to physical damage, and the condu… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.14.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.406 Specific purpose equipment and installations. | OSHA | (a) Cranes and hoists. This paragraph applies to the installation of electric equipment and wiring used in connection with cranes, monorail hoists, hoists, and all runways. (1) Disconnecting means —(i) Runway conductor disconnecting means. A readily accessible disconnecting means shall be provided between the runway contact conductors and the power supply. (ii) Disconnecting means for cranes and monorail hoists. A disconnecting means, capable of being locked in the open position, shall be provided in the leads from the runway contact conductors or other power supply on any crane or monorail hoist. (A) If this additional disconnecting means is not readily accessible from the crane or monorail hoist operating station, means shall be provided at the operating station to open the power circuit to all motors of the crane or monorail hoist. (B) The additional disconnect may be omitted if a monorail hoist or hand-propelled crane bridge installation meets all of the following: ( 1 ) The unit is floor controlled; ( 2 ) The unit is within view of the power supply disconnecting means; and ( 3 ) No fixed work platform has been provided for servicing the unit. (2) Control. A limit switch or other device shall be provided to prevent the load block from passing the safe upper limit of travel of any hoisting mechanism. (3) Clearance. The dimension of the working space in the direction of access to live parts which may require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while alive shall be a minimum of 2 feet 6 inches (762 mm). Where controls are enclosed in cabinets, the door(s) shall open at least 90 degrees or be removable, or the installation shall provide equivalent access. (4) Grounding. All exposed metal parts of cranes, monorail hoists, hoists and accessories including pendant controls shall be metallically joined together into a continuous electrical conductor so that the entire crane or hoist will be grounded in accordance with § 1926.404(f). Moving parts, other than removable accessories … | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.14.8 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.407 Hazardous (classified) locations. | OSHA | [51 FR 25318, July 11, 1986, as amended at 61 FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996] | (a) Scope. This section sets forth requirements for electric equipment and wiring in locations which are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or gases, or combustible dusts or fibers which may be present therein and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Each room, section or area shall be considered individually in determining its classification. These hazardous (classified) locations are assigned six designations as follows: Class I, Division 1 Class I, Division 2 Class II, Division 1 Class II, Division 2 Class III, Division l Class III, Division 2 Class I, Division 1 Class I, Division 2 Class II, Division 1 Class II, Division 2 Class III, Division l Class III, Division 2 For definitions of these locations see § 1926.449. All applicable requirements in this subpart apply to all hazardous (classified) locations, unless modified by provisions of this section. (b) Electrical installations. Equipment, wiring methods, and installations of equipment in hazardous (classified) locations shall be approved as intrinsically safe or approved for the hazardous (classified) location or safe for the hazardous (classified) location. Requirements for each of these options are as follows: (1) Intrinsically safe. Equipment and associated wiring approved as intrinsically safe is permitted in any hazardous (classified) location included in its listing or labeling. (2) Approved for the hazardous (classified) location —(i) General. Equipment shall be approved not only for the class of location but also for the ignitible or combustible properties of the specific gas, vapor, dust, or fiber that will be present. NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code, lists or defines hazardous gases, vapors, and dusts by “Groups” characterized by their ignitible or combustible properties. (ii) Marking. Equipment shall not be used unless it is marked to show the class, group, and operating temperature or temperature range, based on oper… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.14.9 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.408 Special systems. | OSHA | [51 FR 25318, July 11, 1986, as amended at 61 FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996] | (a) Systems over 600 volts, nominal. Paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section contain general requirements for all circuits and equipment operated at over 600 volts. (1) Wiring methods for fixed installations —(i) Above ground. Above-ground conductors shall be installed in rigid metal conduit, in intermediate metal conduit, in cable trays, in cablebus, in other suitable raceways, or as open runs of metal-clad cable designed for the use and purpose. However, open runs of non-metallic-sheathed cable or of bare conductors or busbars may be installed in locations which are accessible only to qualified persons. Metallic shielding components, such as tapes, wires, or braids for conductors, shall be grounded. Open runs of insulated wires and cables having a bare lead sheath or a braided outer covering shall be supported in a manner designed to prevent physical damage to the braid or sheath. (ii) Installations emerging from the ground. Conductors emerging from the ground shall be enclosed in raceways. Raceways installed on poles shall be of rigid metal conduit, intermediate metal conduit, PVC schedule 80 or equivalent extending from the ground line up to a point 8 feet (2.44 m) above finished grade. Conductors entering a building shall be protected by an enclosure from the ground line to the point of entrance. Metallic enclosures shall be grounded. (2) Interrupting and isolating devices —(i) Circuit breakers. Circuit breakers located indoors shall consist of metal-enclosed or fire-resistant, cell-mounted units. In locations accessible only to qualified personnel, open mounting of circuit breakers is permitted. A means of indicating the open and closed position of circuit breakers shall be provided. (ii) Fused cutouts. Fused cutouts installed in buildings or transformer vaults shall be of a type identified for the purpose. They shall be readily accessible for fuse replacement. (iii) Equipment isolating means. A means shall be provided to completely isolate equipment for inspection and repairs. I… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.15.11 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.416 General requirements. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 42328, Oct. 18, 1990; 58 FR 35179, June 30, 1993; 61 FR 9251, Mar. 7, 1996; 61 FR 41738, Aug. 12, 1996] | (a) Protection of employees. (1) No employer shall permit an employee to work in such proximity to any part of an electric power circuit that the employee could contact the electric power circuit in the course of work, unless the employee is protected against electric shock by deenergizing the circuit and grounding it or by guarding it effectively by insulation or other means. (2) In work areas where the exact location of underground electric powerlines is unknown, employees using jack-hammers, bars, or other hand tools which may contact a line shall be provided with insulated protective gloves. (3) Before work is begun the employer shall ascertain by inquiry or direct observation, or by instruments, whether any part of an energized electric power circuit, exposed or concealed, is so located that the performance of the work may bring any person, tool, or machine into physical or electrical contact with the electric power circuit. The employer shall post and maintain proper warning signs where such a circuit exists. The employer shall advise employees of the location of such lines, the hazards involved, and the protective measures to be taken. (b) Passageways and open spaces —-(1) Barriers or other means of guarding shall be provided to ensure that workspace for electrical equipment will not be used as a passageway during periods when energized parts of electrical equipment are exposed. (2) Working spaces, walkways, and similar locations shall be kept clear of cords so as not to create a hazard to employees. (c) Load ratings. In existing installations, no changes in circuit protection shall be made to increase the load in excess of the load rating of the circuit wiring. (d) Fuses. When fuses are installed or removed with one or both terminals energized, special tools insulated for the voltage shall be used. (e) Cords and cables. (1) Worn or frayed electric cords or cables shall not be used. (2) Extension cords shall not be fastened with staples, hung from nails, or suspended by wire. | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.15.12 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.417 Lockout and tagging of circuits. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 42328, Oct. 18, 1990; 58 FR 35181, June 30, 1993; 61 FR 9251, Mar. 7, 1996; 61 FR 41739, Aug. 12, 1996]] | (a) Controls. Controls that are to be deactivated during the course of work on energized or deenergized equipment or circuits shall be tagged. (b) Equipment and circuits. Equipment or circuits that are deenergized shall be rendered inoperative and shall have tags attached at all points where such equipment or circuits can be energized. (c) Tags. Tags shall be placed to identify plainly the equipment or circuits being worked on. | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.15.13 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | §§ 1926.418-1926.430 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.16.14 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.431 Maintenance of equipment. | OSHA | The employer shall ensure that all wiring components and utilization equipment in hazardous locations are maintained in a dust-tight, dust-ignition-proof, or explosion-proof condition, as appropriate. There shall be no loose or missing screws, gaskets, threaded connections, seals, or other impairments to a tight condition. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.16.15 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.432 Environmental deterioration of equipment. | OSHA | (a) Deteriorating agents. (1) Unless identified for use in the operating environment, no conductors or equipment shall be located: (i) In damp or wet locations; (ii) Where exposed to gases, fumes, vapors, liquids, or other agents having a deteriorating effect on the conductors or equipment; or (iii) Where exposed to excessive temperatures. (2) Control equipment, utilization equipment, and busways approved for use in dry locations only shall be protected against damage from the weather during building construction. (b) Protection against corrosion. Metal raceways, cable armor, boxes, cable sheathing, cabinets, elbows, couplings, fittings, supports, and support hardware shall be of materials appropriate for the environment in which they are to be installed. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.16.16 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | §§ 1926.433-1926.440 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.17.17 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.441 Batteries and battery charging. | OSHA | (a) General requirements. (1) Batteries of the unsealed type shall be located in enclosures with outside vents or in well ventilated rooms and shall be arranged so as to prevent the escape of fumes, gases, or electrolyte spray into other areas. (2) Ventilation shall be provided to ensure diffusion of the gases from the battery and to prevent the accumulation of an explosive mixture. (3) Racks and trays shall be substantial and shall be treated to make them resistant to the electrolyte. (4) Floors shall be of acid resistant construction unless protected from acid accumulations. (5) Face shields, aprons, and rubber gloves shall be provided for workers handling acids or batteries. (6) Facilities for quick drenching of the eyes and body shall be provided within 25 feet (7.62 m) of battery handling areas. (7) Facilities shall be provided for flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolyte and for fire protection. (b) Charging. (1) Battery charging installations shall be located in areas designated for that purpose. (2) Charging apparatus shall be protected from damage by trucks. (3) When batteries are being charged, the vent caps shall be kept in place to avoid electrolyte spray. Vent caps shall be maintained in functioning condition. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.17.18 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | §§ 1926.442-1926.448 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.11.18.19 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | K | Subpart K—Electrical | § 1926.449 Definitions applicable to this subpart. | OSHA | The definitions given in this section apply to the terms used in subpart K. The definitions given here for “approved” and “qualified person” apply, instead of the definitions given in § 1926.32, to the use of these terms in subpart K. Acceptable. An installation or equipment is acceptable to the Assistant Secretary of Labor, and approved within the meaning of this subpart K: (a) If it is accepted, or certified, or listed, or labeled, or otherwise determined to be safe by a qualified testing laboratory capable of determining the suitability of materials and equipment for installation and use in accordance with this standard; or (b) With respect to an installation or equipment of a kind which no qualified testing laboratory accepts, certifies, lists, labels, or determines to be safe, if it is inspected or tested by another Federal agency, or by a State, municipal, or other local authority responsible for enforcing occupational safety provisions of the National Electrical Code, and found in compliance with those provisions; or (c) With respect to custom-made equipment or related installations which are designed, fabricated for, and intended for use by a particular customer, if it is determined to be safe for its intended use by its manufacturer on the basis of test data which the employer keeps and makes available for inspection to the Assistant Secretary and his authorized representatives. Accepted. An installation is “accepted” if it has been inspected and found to be safe by a qualified testing laboratory. Accessible. (As applied to wiring methods.) Capable of being removed or exposed without damaging the building structure or finish, or not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building. (See “concealed” and “exposed.”) Accessible. (As applied to equipment.) Admitting close approach; not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means. (See “Readily accessible.”) Ampacity. The current in amperes a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without … | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.12.19.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | L | Subpart L—Scaffolds | § 1926.450 Scope, application and definitions applicable to this subpart. | OSHA | [61 FR 46104, Aug. 30, 1996, as amended at 75 FR 48133, Aug. 9, 2010] | (a) Scope and application. This subpart applies to all scaffolds used in workplaces covered by this part. It does not apply to crane or derrick suspended personnel platforms. The criteria for aerial lifts are set out exclusively in § 1926.453. (b) Definitions. Adjustable suspension scaffold means a suspension scaffold equipped with a hoist(s) that can be operated by an employee(s) on the scaffold. Bearer (putlog) means a horizontal transverse scaffold member (which may be supported by ledgers or runners) upon which the scaffold platform rests and which joins scaffold uprights, posts, poles, and similar members. Boatswains' chair means a single-point adjustable suspension scaffold consisting of a seat or sling designed to support one employee in a sitting position. Body belt (safety belt) means a strap with means both for securing it about the waist and for attaching it to a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device. Body harness means a design of straps which may be secured about the employee in a manner to distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders, with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system. Brace means a rigid connection that holds one scaffold member in a fixed position with respect to another member, or to a building or structure. Bricklayers' square scaffold means a supported scaffold composed of framed squares which support a platform. Carpenters' bracket scaffold means a supported scaffold consisting of a platform supported by brackets attached to building or structural walls. Catenary scaffold means a suspension scaffold consisting of a platform supported by two essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural members of a building or other structure. Additional support may be provided by vertical pickups. Chimney hoist means a multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold used to provide access to work inside chimneys. (See “Multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold”.) Cleat m… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.12.19.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | L | Subpart L—Scaffolds | § 1926.451 General requirements. | OSHA | [61 FR 46107, Aug. 30, 1996, as corrected and amended at 61 FR 59831, 59832, Nov. 25, 1996] | This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in § 1926.453. (a) Capacity. (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5) and (g) of this section, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. (2) Direct connections to roofs and floors, and counterweights used to balance adjustable suspension scaffolds, shall be capable of resisting at least 4 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist, or 1.5 (minimum) times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. (3) Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on non-adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope. (4) Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. (5) The stall load of any scaffold hoist shall not exceed 3 times its rated load. (6) Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Non-mandatory appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with paragraph (a) of this section. (b) Scaffold platform construction. (1) Each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports as follows: (i) Each platform unit (e.g., scaffold plank, fabricated plank, fabricated deck, or fabricated platform) shall be installed so that the sp… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.12.19.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | L | Subpart L—Scaffolds | § 1926.452 Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. | OSHA | [61 FR 46104, Aug. 30, 1996, as amended at 85 FR 8736, Feb. 18, 2020] | In addition to the applicable requirements of § 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. Scaffolds not specifically addressed by § 1926.452, such as but not limited to systems scaffolds, must meet the requirements of § 1926.451. (a) Pole scaffolds. (1) When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. (2) Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. (3) Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads equivalent to a uniformly distributed load of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) or more per square foot (929 square cm). (4) Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. (5) Runners and bearers shall be installed on edge. (6) Bearers shall extend a minimum of 3 inches (7.6 cm) over the outside edges of runners. (7) Runners shall extend over a minimum of two poles, and shall be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. (8) Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. (9) Where wooden poles are spliced, the ends shall be squared and the upper section shall rest squarely on the lower section. Wood splice plates shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides, and shall extend at least 2 feet (0.6 m) on either side of the splice, overlap the abutted ends equally, and have at least the same cross-sectional areas as the pole. Splice plates of other materials of equivalent strength may be used. (10) Pole scaffolds over 60 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Non-mandatory appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.12.19.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | L | Subpart L—Scaffolds | § 1926.453 Aerial lifts. | OSHA | [61 FR 46116, Aug. 30, 1996; 61 FR 59832, Nov. 25, 1996, as amended at 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004] | (a) General requirements. (1) Unless otherwise provided in this section, aerial lifts acquired for use on or after January 22, 1973 shall be designed and constructed in conformance with the applicable requirements of the American National Standards for “Vehicle Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms,” ANSI A92.2-1969, including appendix. Aerial lifts acquired before January 22, 1973 which do not meet the requirements of ANSI A92.2-1969, may not be used after January 1, 1976, unless they shall have been modified so as to conform with the applicable design and construction requirements of ANSI A92.2-1969. Aerial lifts include the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial devices used to elevate personnel to job-sites above ground: (i) Extensible boom platforms; (ii) Aerial ladders; (iii) Articulating boom platforms; (iv) Vertical towers; and (v) A combination of any such devices. Aerial equipment may be made of metal, wood, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), or other material; may be powered or manually operated; and are deemed to be aerial lifts whether or not they are capable of rotating about a substantially vertical axis. (2) Aerial lifts may be “field modified” for uses other than those intended by the manufacturer provided the modification has been certified in writing by the manufacturer or by any other equivalent entity, such as a nationally recognized testing laboratory, to be in conformity with all applicable provisions of ANSI A92.2-1969 and this section and to be at least as safe as the equipment was before modification. (b) Specific requirements —(1) Ladder trucks and tower trucks. Aerial ladders shall be secured in the lower traveling position by the locking device on top of the truck cab, and the manually operated device at the base of the ladder before the truck is moved for highway travel. (2) Extensible and articulating boom platforms. (i) Lift controls shall be tested each day prior to use to determine that such controls are in safe working condition. (ii) Only authorized… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.12.19.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | L | Subpart L—Scaffolds | § 1926.454 Training requirements. | OSHA | This section supplements and clarifies the requirements of § 1926.21(b)(2) as these relate to the hazards of work on scaffolds. (a) The employer shall have each employee who performs work while on a scaffold trained by a person qualified in the subject matter to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and to understand the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. The training shall include the following areas, as applicable: (1) The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards and falling object hazards in the work area; (2) The correct procedures for dealing with electrical hazards and for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection systems and falling object protection systems being used; (3) The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold; (4) The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacities of the scaffolds used; and (5) Any other pertinent requirements of this subpart. (b) The employer shall have each employee who is involved in erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, maintaining, or inspecting a scaffold trained by a competent person to recognize any hazards associated with the work in question. The training shall include the following topics, as applicable: (1) The nature of scaffold hazards; (2) The correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining the type of scaffold in question; (3) The design criteria, maximum intended load-carrying capacity and intended use of the scaffold; (4) Any other pertinent requirements of this subpart. (c) When the employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained. Retraining is required in at least the following situations: (1) Where changes at the worksite present a hazard about which an empl… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.13.20.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | M | Subpart M—Fall Protection | § 1926.500 Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart. | OSHA | [59 FR 40730, Aug. 9, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 39255, Aug. 2, 1995; 66 FR 5265, Jan. 18, 2001; 75 FR 48133, Aug. 9, 2010; 79 FR 20696, Apr. 11, 2014] | (a) Scope and application. (1) This subpart sets forth requirements and criteria for fall protection in construction workplaces covered under 29 CFR part 1926. Exception: The provisions of this subpart do not apply when employees are making an inspection, investigation, or assessment of workplace conditions prior to the actual start of construction work or after all construction work has been completed. (2) Section 1926.501 sets forth those workplaces, conditions, operations, and circumstances for which fall protection shall be provided except as follows: (i) Requirements relating to fall protection for employees working on scaffolds are provided in subpart L of this part. (ii) Requirements relating to fall protection for employees working on cranes and derricks are provided in subpart CC of this part. (iii) Fall protection requirements for employees performing steel erection work (except for towers and tanks) are provided in subpart R of this part. (iv) Requirements relating to fall protection for employees working on certain types of equipment used in tunneling operations are provided in subpart S of this part. (v) Requirements relating to fall protection for employees engaged in the erection of tanks and communication and broadcast towers are provided in § 1926.105. (vi) Subpart V of this part provides requirements relating to fall protection for employees working from aerial lifts or on poles, towers, or similar structures while engaged in the construction of electric transmission or distribution lines or equipment. (vii) Requirements relating to fall protection for employees working on stairways and ladders are provided in subpart X of this part. (3) Section 1926.502 sets forth the requirements for the installation, construction, and proper use of fall protection required by part 1926, except as follows: (i) Performance requirements for guardrail systems used on scaffolds and performance requirements for falling object protection used on scaffolds are provided in subpart L of this part. (ii) Per… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.13.20.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | M | Subpart M—Fall Protection | § 1926.501 Duty to have fall protection. | OSHA | (a) General. (1) This section sets forth requirements for employers to provide fall protection systems. All fall protection required by this section shall conform to the criteria set forth in § 1926.502 of this subpart. (2) The employer shall determine if the walking/working surfaces on which its employees are to work have the strength and structural integrity to support employees safely. Employees shall be allowed to work on those surfaces only when the surfaces have the requisite strength and structural integrity. (b)(1) Unprotected sides and edges. Each employee on a walking/working surface (horizontal and vertical surface) with an unprotected side or edge which is 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above a lower level shall be protected from falling by the use of guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems. (2) Leading edges. (i) Each employee who is constructing a leading edge 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels shall be protected from falling by guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems. Exception: When the employer can demonstrate that it is infeasible or creates a greater hazard to use these systems, the employer shall develop and implement a fall protection plan which meets the requirements of paragraph (k) of § 1926.502. There is a presumption that it is feasible and will not create a greater hazard to implement at least one of the above-listed fall protection systems. Accordingly, the employer has the burden of establishing that it is appropriate to implement a fall protection plan which complies with § 1926.502(k) for a particular workplace situation, in lieu of implementing any of those systems. (ii) Each employee on a walking/working surface 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above a lower level where leading edges are under construction, but who is not engaged in the leading edge work, shall be protected from falling by a guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system. If a guardrail system is chosen to provide the fall protectio… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.13.20.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | M | Subpart M—Fall Protection | § 1926.502 Fall protection systems criteria and practices. | OSHA | (a) General. (1) Fall protection systems required by this part shall comply with the applicable provisions of this section. (2) Employers shall provide and install all fall protection systems required by this subpart for an employee, and shall comply with all other pertinent requirements of this subpart before that employee begins the work that necessitates the fall protection. (b) Guardrail systems. Guardrail systems and their use shall comply with the following provisions: (1) Top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, shall be 42 inches (1.1 m) plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm) above the walking/working level. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria of this paragraph. When employees are using stilts, the top edge height of the top rail, or equivalent member, shall be increased an amount equal to the height of the stilts. (2) Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, or equivalent intermediate structural members shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the walking/working surface when there is no wall or parapet wall at least 21 inches (53 cm) high. (i) Midrails, when used, shall be installed at a height midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the walking/working level. (ii) Screens and mesh, when used, shall extend from the top rail to the walking/working level and along the entire opening between top rail supports. (iii) Intermediate members (such as balusters), when used between posts, shall be not more than 19 inches (48 cm) apart. (iv) Other structural members (such as additional midrails and architectural panels) shall be installed such that there are no openings in the guardrail system that are more than 19 inches (.5 m) wide. (3) Guardrail systems shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200 pounds (890 N) applied within 2 inches (5.1 cm) of the top edge, in any outward or downward dir… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.13.20.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | M | Subpart M—Fall Protection | § 1926.503 Training requirements. | OSHA | The following training provisions supplement and clarify the requirements of § 1926.21 regarding the hazards addressed in subpart M of this part. (a) Training program. (1) The employer shall provide a training program for each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. The program shall enable each employee to recognize the hazards of falling and shall train each employee in the procedures to be followed in order to minimize these hazards. (2) The employer shall assure that each employee has been trained, as necessary, by a competent person qualified in the following areas: (i) The nature of fall hazards in the work area; (ii) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall protection systems to be used; (iii) The use and operation of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, safety net systems, warning line systems, safety monitoring systems, controlled access zones, and other protection to be used; (iv) The role of each employee in the safety monitoring system when this system is used; (v) The limitations on the use of mechanical equipment during the performance of roofing work on low-sloped roofs; (vi) The correct procedures for the handling and storage of equipment and materials and the erection of overhead protection; and (vii) The role of employees in fall protection plans; (viii) The standards contained in this subpart. (b) Certification of training. (1) The employer shall verify compliance with paragraph (a) of this section by preparing a written certification record. The written certification record shall contain the name or other identity of the employee trained, the date(s) of the training, and the signature of the person who conducted the training or the signature of the employer. If the employer relies on training conducted by another employer or completed prior to the effective date of this section, the certification record shall indicate the date the employer determined the prior training was adequate rather than the date of actual … | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.14.20.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | N | Subpart N—Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors | § 1926.550 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.14.20.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | N | Subpart N—Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors | § 1926.551 Helicopters. | OSHA | (a) Helicopter regulations. Helicopter cranes shall be expected to comply with any applicable regulations of the Federal Aviation Administration. (b) Briefing. Prior to each day's operation a briefing shall be conducted. This briefing shall set forth the plan of operation for the pilot and ground personnel. (c) Slings and tag lines. Load shall be properly slung. Tag lines shall be of a length that will not permit their being drawn up into rotors. Pressed sleeve, swedged eyes, or equivalent means shall be used for all freely suspended loads to prevent hand splices from spinning open or cable clamps from loosening. (d) Cargo hooks. All electrically operated cargo hooks shall have the electrical activating device so designed and installed as to prevent inadvertent operation. In addition, these cargo hooks shall be equipped with an emergency mechanical control for releasing the load. The hooks shall be tested prior to each day's operation to determine that the release functions properly, both electrically and mechanically. (e) Personal protective equipment. (1) Personal protective equipment for employees receiving the load shall consist of complete eye protection and hard hats secured by chinstraps. (2) Loose-fitting clothing likely to flap in the downwash, and thus be snagged on hoist line, shall not be worn. (f) Loose gear and objects. Every practical precaution shall be taken to provide for the protection of the employees from flying objects in the rotor downwash. All loose gear within 100 feet of the place of lifting the load, depositing the load, and all other areas susceptible to rotor downwash shall be secured or removed. (g) Housekeeping. Good housekeeping shall be maintained in all helicopter loading and unloading areas. (h) Operator responsibility. The helicopter operator shall be responsible for size, weight, and manner in which loads are connected to the helicopter. If, for any reason, the helicopter operator believes the lift cannot be made safely, the lift shall not be made. (i)… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.14.20.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | N | Subpart N—Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors | § 1926.552 Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 52 FR 36382, Sept. 28, 1987; 85 FR 8743, Feb. 18, 2020] | (a) General requirements. (1) The employer shall comply with the manufacturer's specifications and limitations applicable to the operation of all hoists and elevators. Where manufacturer's specifications are not available, the limitations assigned to the equipment shall be based on the determinations of a professional engineer competent in the field. (2) Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special hazard warnings or instructions shall be posted on cars and platforms. (3) Wire rope shall be removed from service when any of the following conditions exists: (i) In hoisting ropes, six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay; (ii) Abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening, causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires; (iii) Evidence of any heat damage resulting from a torch or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires; (iv) Reduction from nominal diameter of more than three sixty-fourths inch for diameters up to and including three-fourths inch; one-sixteenth inch for diameters seven-eights to 1 1/8 inches; and three thirty-seconds inch for diameters 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 inches. (4) Hoisting ropes shall be installed in accordance with the wire rope manufacturers' recommendations. (5) The installation of live booms on hoists is prohibited. (6) The use of endless belt-type manlifts on construction shall be prohibited. (b) Material hoists. (1)(i) Operating rules shall be established and posted at the operator's station of the hoist. Such rules shall include signal system and allowable line speed for various loads. Rules and notices shall be posted on the car frame or crosshead in a conspicuous location, including the statement “No Riders Allowed.” (ii) No person shall be allowed to ride on material hoists except for the purposes of inspection and maintenance. (2) All entrances of the hoistways shall be protected by substantial gates or bars which shall guard the full width of … | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.14.20.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | N | Subpart N—Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors | § 1926.553 Base-mounted drum hoists. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979, as amended at 75 FR 48134, Aug. 9, 2010] | (a) General requirements. (1) Exposed moving parts such as gears, projecting screws, setscrews, chain, cables, chain sprockets, and reciprocating or rotating parts, which constitute a hazard, shall be guarded. (2) All controls used during the normal operation cycle shall be located within easy reach of the operator's station. (3) Electric motor operated hoists shall be provided with: (i) A device to disconnect all motors from the line upon power failure and not permit any motor to be restarted until the controller handle is brought to the “off” position; (ii) Where applicable, an overspeed preventive device; (iii) A means whereby remotely operated hoists stop when any control is ineffective. (4) All base-mounted drum hoists in use shall meet the applicable requirements for design, construction, installation, testing, inspection, maintenance, and operations, as prescribed by the manufacturer. (b) Specific requirements. [Reserved] (c) This section does not apply to base-mounted drum hoists used in conjunction with derricks. Base-mounted drum hoists used in conjunction with derricks must conform to § 1926.1436(e). | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.14.20.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | N | Subpart N—Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors | § 1926.554 Overhead hoists. | OSHA | (a) General requirements. (1) The safe working load of the overhead hoist, as determined by the manufacturer, shall be indicated on the hoist, and this safe working load shall not be exceeded. (2) The supporting structure to which the hoist is attached shall have a safe working load equal to that of the hoist. (3) The support shall be arranged so as to provide for free movement of the hoist and shall not restrict the hoist from lining itself up with the load. (4) The hoist shall be installed only in locations that will permit the operator to stand clear of the load at all times. (5) Air hoists shall be connected to an air supply of sufficient capacity and pressure to safely operate the hoist. All air hoses supplying air shall be positively connected to prevent their becoming disconnected during use. (6) All overhead hoists in use shall meet the applicable requirements for construction, design, installation, testing, inspection, maintenance, and operation, as prescribed by the manufacturer. (b) Specific requirements. [Reserved] | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.14.20.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | N | Subpart N—Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors | § 1926.555 Conveyors. | OSHA | (a) General requirements. (1) Means for stopping the motor or engine shall be provided at the operator's station. Conveyor systems shall be equipped with an audible warning signal to be sounded immediately before starting up the conveyor. (2) If the operator's station is at a remote point, similar provisions for stopping the motor or engine shall be provided at the motor or engine location. (3) Emergency stop switches shall be arranged so that the conveyor cannot be started again until the actuating stop switch has been reset to running or “on” position. (4) Screw conveyors shall be guarded to prevent employee contact with turning flights. (5) Where a conveyor passes over work areas, aisles, or thoroughfares, suitable guards shall be provided to protect employees required to work below the conveyors. (6) All crossovers, aisles, and passageways shall be conspicuously marked by suitable signs, as required by subpart G of this part. (7) Conveyors shall be locked out or otherwise rendered inoperable, and tagged out with a “Do Not Operate” tag during repairs and when operation is hazardous to employees performing maintenance work. (8) All conveyors in use shall meet the applicable requirements for design, construction, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation, as prescribed in the ANSI B20.1-1957, Safety Code for Conveyors, Cableways, and Related Equipment. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.15.20.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | O | Subpart O—Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations | § 1926.600 Equipment. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 35183, June 30, 1993; 75 FR 48134, Aug. 9, 2010] | (a) General requirements. (1) All equipment left unattended at night, adjacent to a highway in normal use, or adjacent to construction areas where work is in progress, shall have appropriate lights or reflectors, or barricades equipped with appropriate lights or reflectors, to identify the location of the equipment. (2) A safety tire rack, cage, or equivalent protection shall be provided and used when inflating, mounting, or dismounting tires installed on split rims, or rims equipped with locking rings or similar devices. (3)(i) Heavy machinery, equipment, or parts thereof, which are suspended or held aloft by use of slings, hoists, or jacks shall be substantially blocked or cribbed to prevent falling or shifting before employees are permitted to work under or between them. Bulldozer and scraper blades, end-loader buckets, dump bodies, and similar equipment, shall be either fully lowered or blocked when being repaired or when not in use. All controls shall be in a neutral position, with the motors stopped and brakes set, unless work being performed requires otherwise. (ii) Whenever the equipment is parked, the parking brake shall be set. Equipment parked on inclines shall have the wheels chocked and the parking brake set. (4) The use, care and charging of all batteries shall conform to the requirements of subpart K of this part. (5) All cab glass shall be safety glass, or equivalent, that introduces no visible distortion affecting the safe operation of any machine covered by this subpart. (6) All equipment covered by this subpart shall comply with the following requirements when working or being moved in the vicinity of power lines or energized transmitters, except where electrical distribution and transmission lines have been deenergized and visibly grounded at point of work or where insulating barriers, not a part of or an attachment to the equipment or machinery, have been erected to prevent physical contact with the lines: (i) For lines rated 50 kV or below, minimum clearance between the lines and an… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.15.20.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | O | Subpart O—Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations | § 1926.601 Motor vehicles. | OSHA | (a) Coverage. Motor vehicles as covered by this part are those vehicles that operate within an off-highway jobsite, not open to public traffic. The requirements of this section do not apply to equipment for which rules are prescribed in § 1926.602. (b) General requirements. (1) All vehicles shall have a service brake system, an emergency brake system, and a parking brake system. These systems may use common components, and shall be maintained in operable condition. (2)(i) Whenever visibility conditions warrant additional light, all vehicles, or combinations of vehicles, in use shall be equipped with at least two headlights and two taillights in operable condition. (ii) All vehicles, or combination of vehicles, shall have brake lights in operable condition regardless of light conditions. (3) All vehicles shall be equipped with an adequate audible warning device at the operator's station and in an operable condition. (4) No employer shall use any motor vehicle equipment having an obstructed view to the rear unless: (i) The vehicle has a reverse signal alarm audible above the surrounding noise level or: (ii) The vehicle is backed up only when an observer signals that it is safe to do so. (5) All vehicles with cabs shall be equipped with windshields and powered wipers. Cracked and broken glass shall be replaced. Vehicles operating in areas or under conditions that cause fogging or frosting of the windshields shall be equipped with operable defogging or defrosting devices. (6) All haulage vehicles, whose pay load is loaded by means of cranes, power shovels, loaders, or similar equipment, shall have a cab shield and/or canopy adequate to protect the operator from shifting or falling materials. (7) Tools and material shall be secured to prevent movement when transported in the same compartment with employees. (8) Vehicles used to transport employees shall have seats firmly secured and adequate for the number of employees to be carried. (9) Seat belts and anchorages meeting the requirements of 49 CFR part… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.15.20.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | O | Subpart O—Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations | § 1926.602 Material handling equipment. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 35183, June 30, 1993; 63 FR 66274, Dec. 1, 1998] | (a) Earthmoving equipment; General. (1) These rules apply to the following types of earthmoving equipment: scrapers, loaders, crawler or wheel tractors, bulldozers, off-highway trucks, graders, agricultural and industrial tractors, and similar equipment. The promulgation of specific rules for compactors and rubber-tired “skid-steer” equipment is reserved pending consideration of standards currently being developed. (2) Seat belts. (i) Seat belts shall be provided on all equipment covered by this section and shall meet the requirements of the Society of Automotive Engineers, J386-1969, Seat Belts for Construction Equipment. Seat belts for agricultural and light industrial tractors shall meet the seat belt requirements of Society of Automotive Engineers J333a-1970, Operator Protection for Agricultural and Light Industrial Tractors. (ii) Seat belts need not be provided for equipment which is designed only for standup operation. (iii) Seat belts need not be provided for equipment which does not have roll-over protective structure (ROPS) or adequate canopy protection. (3) Access roadways and grades. (i) No employer shall move or cause to be moved construction equipment or vehicles upon any access roadway or grade unless the access roadway or grade is constructed and maintained to accommodate safely the movement of the equipment and vehicles involved. (ii) Every emergency access ramp and berm used by an employer shall be constructed to restrain and control runaway vehicles. (4) Brakes. All earthmoving equipment mentioned in this § 1926.602(a) shall have a service braking system capable of stopping and holding the equipment fully loaded, as specified in Society of Automotive Engineers SAE-J237, Loader Dozer-1971, J236, Graders-1971, and J319b, Scrapers-1971. Brake systems for self-propelled rubber-tired off-highway equipment manufactured after January 1, 1972 shall meet the applicable minimum performance criteria set forth in the following Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practices: (5) Fender… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.15.20.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | O | Subpart O—Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations | § 1926.603 Pile driving equipment. | OSHA | (a) General requirements. (1) Boilers and piping systems which are a part of, or used with, pile driving equipment shall meet the applicable requirements of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Power Boilers (section I). (2) All pressure vessels which are a part of, or used with, pile driving equipment shall meet the applicable requirements of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels (section VIII). (3) Overhead protection, which will not obscure the vision of the operator and which meets the requirements of subpart N of this part, shall be provided. Protection shall be the equivalent of 2-inch planking or other solid material of equivalent strength. (4) Stop blocks shall be provided for the leads to prevent the hammer from being raised against the head block. (5) A blocking device, capable of safely supporting the weight of the hammer, shall be provided for placement in the leads under the hammer at all times while employees are working under the hammer. (6) Guards shall be provided across the top of the head block to prevent the cable from jumping out of the sheaves. (7) When the leads must be inclined in the driving of batter piles, provisions shall be made to stabilize the leads. (8) Fixed leads shall be provided with ladder, and adequate rings, or similar attachment points, so that the loft worker may engage his safety belt lanyard to the leads. If the leads are provided with loft platforms(s), such platform(s) shall be protected by standard guardrails. (9) Steam hose leading to a steam hammer or jet pipe shall be securely attached to the hammer with an adequate length of at least 1/4 -inch diameter chain or cable to prevent whipping in the event the joint at the hammer is broken. Air hammer hoses shall be provided with the same protection as required for steam lines. (10) Safety chains, or equivalent means, shall be provided for each hose connection to prevent the line from thrashing around in case the coupling becomes disconnected. (11) Steam line controls shall… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.15.20.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | O | Subpart O—Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations | § 1926.604 Site clearing. | OSHA | (a) General requirements. (1) Employees engaged in site clearing shall be protected from hazards of irritant and toxic plants and suitably instructed in the first aid treatment available. (2) All equipment used in site clearing operations shall be equipped with rollover guards meeting the requirements of this subpart. In addition, rider-operated equipment shall be equipped with an overhead and rear canopy guard meeting the following requirements: (i) The overhead covering on this canopy structure shall be of not less than 1/8 -inch steel plate or 1/4 -inch woven wire mesh with openings no greater than 1 inch, or equivalent. (ii) The opening in the rear of the canopy structure shall be covered with not less than 1/4 -inch woven wire mesh with openings no greater than 1 inch. (b) Specific requirements. [Reserved] | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.15.20.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | O | Subpart O—Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations | § 1926.605 Marine operations and equipment. | OSHA | [39 FR 22801, June 24, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 37674, July 22, 1977] | (a) Material handling operations. (1) Operations fitting the definition of “material handling” shall be performed in conformance with applicable requirements of part 1918, “Safety and Health Regulations for Longshoring” of this chapter. The term “longshoring operations” means the loading, unloading, moving, or handling of construction materials, equipment and supplies, etc. into, in, on, or out of any vessel from a fixed structure or shore-to-vessel, vessel-to-shore or fixed structure or vessel-to-vessel. (b) Access to barges. (1) Ramps for access of vehicles to or between barges shall be of adequate strength, provided with side boards, well maintained, and properly secured. (2) Unless employees can step safely to or from the wharf, float, barge, or river towboat, either a ramp, meeting the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, or a safe walkway, shall be provided. (3) Jacob's ladders shall be of the double rung or flat tread type. They shall be well maintained and properly secured. (4) A Jacob's ladder shall either hang without slack from its lashings or be pulled up entirely. (5) When the upper end of the means of access rests on or is flush with the top of the bulwark, substantial steps properly secured and equipped with at least one substantial hand rail approximately 33 inches in height, shall be provided between the top of the bulwark and the deck. (6) Obstructions shall not be laid on or across the gangway. (7) The means of access shall be adequately illuminated for its full length. (8) Unless the structure makes it impossible, the means of access shall be so located that the load will not pass over employees. (c) Working surfaces of barges. (1) Employees shall not be permitted to walk along the sides of covered lighters or barges with coamings more than 5 feet high, unless there is a 3-foot clear walkway, or a grab rail, or a taut handline is provided. (2) Decks and other working surfaces shall be maintained in a safe condition. (3) Employees shall not be permitted to pass for… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.15.20.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | O | Subpart O—Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations | § 1926.606 Definitions applicable to this subpart. | OSHA | (a) Apron —The area along the waterfront edge of the pier or wharf. (b) Bulwark —The side of a ship above the upper deck. (c) Coaming —The raised frame, as around a hatchway in the deck, to keep out water. (d) Jacob's ladder —A marine ladder of rope or chain with wooden or metal rungs. (e) Rail, for the purpose of § 1926.605, means a light structure serving as a guard at the outer edge of a ship's deck. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.16.20.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | P | Subpart P—Excavations | § 1926.650 Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart. | OSHA | (a) Scope and application. This subpart applies to all open excavations made in the earth's surface. Excavations are defined to include trenches. (b) Definitions applicable to this subpart. Accepted engineering practices means those requirements which are compatible with standards of practice required by a registered professional engineer. Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring means a pre-engineered shoring system comprised of aluminum hydraulic cylinders (crossbraces) used in conjunction with vertical rails (uprights) or horizontal rails (walers). Such system is designed, specifically to support the sidewalls of an excavation and prevent cave-ins. Bell-bottom pier hole means a type of shaft or footing excavation, the bottom of which is made larger than the cross section above to form a belled shape. Benching (Benching system) means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels. Cave-in means the separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or otherwise injure and immobilize a person. Competent person means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Cross braces mean the horizontal members of a shoring system installed perpendicular to the sides of the excavation, the ends of which bear against either uprights or wales. Excavation means any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal. Faces or sides means the vertical or inclined earth surfaces formed as a result of excava… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.16.20.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | P | Subpart P—Excavations | § 1926.651 Specific excavation requirements. | OSHA | [54 FR 45959, Oct. 31, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 40730, Aug. 9, 1994] | (a) Surface encumbrances. All surface encumbrances that are located so as to create a hazard to employees shall be removed or supported, as necessary, to safeguard employees. (b) Underground installations. (1) The estimated location of utility installations, such as sewer, telephone, fuel, electric, water lines, or any other underground installations that reasonably may be expected to be encountered during excavation work, shall be determined prior to opening an excavation. (2) Utility companies or owners shall be contacted within established or customary local response times, advised of the proposed work, and asked to establish the location of the utility underground installations prior to the start of actual excavation. When utility companies or owners cannot respond to a request to locate underground utility installations within 24 hours (unless a longer period is required by state or local law), or cannot establish the exact location of these installations, the employer may proceed, provided the employer does so with caution, and provided detection equipment or other acceptable means to locate utility installations are used. (3) When excavation operations approach the estimated location of underground installations, the exact location of the installations shall be determined by safe and acceptable means. (4) While the excavation is open, underground installations shall be protected, supported or removed as necessary to safeguard employees. (c) Access and egress —(1) Structural ramps. (i) Structural ramps that are used solely by employees as a means of access or egress from excavations shall be designed by a competent person. Structural ramps used for access or egress of equipment shall be designed by a competent person qualified in structural design, and shall be constructed in accordance with the design. (ii) Ramps and runways constructed of two or more structural members shall have the structural members connected together to prevent displacement. (iii) Structural members used for ramps and ru… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.16.20.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | P | Subpart P—Excavations | § 1926.652 Requirements for protective systems. | OSHA | (a) Protection of employees in excavations. (1) Each employee in an excavation shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system designed in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section except when: (i) Excavations are made entirely in stable rock; or (ii) Excavations are less than 5 feet (1.52m) in depth and examination of the ground by a competent person provides no indication of a potential cave-in. (2) Protective systems shall have the capacity to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to be applied or transmitted to the system. (b) Design of sloping and benching systems. The slopes and configurations of sloping and benching systems shall be selected and constructed by the employer or his designee and shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (b)(1); or, in the alternative, paragraph (b)(2); or, in the alternative, paragraph (b)(3), or, in the alternative, paragraph (b)(4), as follows: (1) Option (1)—Allowable configurations and slopes. (i) Excavations shall be sloped at an angle not steeper than one and one-half horizontal to one vertical (34 degrees measured from the horizontal), unless the employer uses one of the other options listed below. (ii) Slopes specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, shall be excavated to form configurations that are in accordance with the slopes shown for Type C soil in appendix B to this subpart. (2) Option (2)—Determination of slopes and configurations using Appendices A and B. Maximum allowable slopes, and allowable configurations for sloping and benching systems, shall be determined in accordance with the conditions and requirements set forth in appendices A and B to this subpart. (3) Option (3)—Designs using other tabulated data. (i) Designs of sloping or benching systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. (ii) The tabulated data shall be in written form and shall include all of the following: (A) Identific… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.17.20.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | Q | Subpart Q—Concrete and Masonry Construction | § 1926.700 Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart. | OSHA | [53 FR 22643, June 16, 1988, as amended at 55 FR 42328, Oct. 18, 1990] | (a) Scope and application. This subpart sets forth requirements to protect all construction employees from the hazards associated with concrete and masonry construction operations performed in workplaces covered under 29 CFR part 1926. In addition to the requirements in subpart Q, other relevant provisions in parts 1910 and 1926 apply to concrete and masonry construction operations. (b) Definitions applicable to this subpart. In addition to the definitions set forth in § 1926.32, the following definitions apply to this subpart. (1) Bull float means a tool used to spread out and smooth concrete. (2) Formwork means the total system of support for freshly placed or partially cured concrete, including the mold or sheeting (form) that is in contact with the concrete as well as all supporting members including shores, reshores, hardware, braces, and related hardware. (3) Lift slab means a method of concrete construction in which floor, and roof slabs are cast on or at ground level and, using jacks, lifted into position. (4) Limited access zone means an area alongside a masonry wall, which is under construction, and which is clearly demarcated to limit access by employees. (5) Precast concrete means concrete members (such as walls, panels, slabs, columns, and beams) which have been formed, cast, and cured prior to final placement in a structure. (6) Reshoring means the construction operation in which shoring equipment (also called reshores or reshoring equipment) is placed, as the original forms and shores are removed, in order to support partially cured concrete and construction loads. (7) Shore means a supporting member that resists a compressive force imposed by a load. (8) Vertical slip forms means forms which are jacked vertically during the placement of concrete. (9) Jacking operation means the task of lifting a slab (or group of slabs) vertically from one location to another (e.g., from the casting location to a temporary (parked) location, or from a temporary location to another t… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.17.20.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | Q | Subpart Q—Concrete and Masonry Construction | § 1926.701 General requirements. | OSHA | [53 FR 22643, June 16, 1988, as amended at 59 FR 40730, Aug. 9, 1994] | (a) Construction loads. No construction loads shall be placed on a concrete structure or portion of a concrete structure unless the employer determines, based on information received from a person who is qualified in structural design, that the structure or portion of the structure is capable of supporting the loads. (b) Reinforcing steel. All protruding reinforcing steel, onto and into which employees could fall, shall be guarded to eliminate the hazard of impalement. (c) Post-tensioning operations. (1) No employee (except those essential to the post-tensioning operations) shall be permitted to be behind the jack during tensioning operations. (2) Signs and barriers shall be erected to limit employee access to the post-tensioning area during tensioning operations. (d) Riding concrete buckets. No employee shall be permitted to ride concrete buckets. (e) Working under loads. (1) No employee shall be permitted to work under concrete buckets while buckets are being elevated or lowered into position. (2) To the extent practical, elevated concrete buckets shall be routed so that no employee, or the fewest number of employees, are exposed to the hazards associated with falling concrete buckets. (f) Personal protective equipment. No employee shall be permitted to apply a cement, sand, and water mixture through a pneumatic hose unless the employee is wearing protective head and face equipment. | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.17.20.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | Q | Subpart Q—Concrete and Masonry Construction | § 1926.702 Requirements for equipment and tools. | OSHA | (a) Bulk cement storage. (1) Bulk storage bins, containers, and silos shall be equipped with the following: (i) Conical or tapered bottoms; and (ii) Mechanical or pneumatic means of starting the flow of material. (2) No employee shall be permitted to enter storage facilities unless the ejection system has been shut down, locked out, and tagged to indicate that the ejection system is not to be operated. (b) Concrete mixers. Concrete mixers with one cubic yard (.8 m 3 ) or larger loading skips shall be equipped with the following: (1) A mechanical device to clear the skip of materials; and (2) Guardrails installed on each side of the skip. (c) Power concrete trowels. Powered and rotating type concrete troweling machines that are manually guided shall be equipped with a control switch that will automatically shut off the power whenever the hands of the operator are removed from the equipment handles. (d) Concrete buggies. Concrete buggy handles shall not extend beyond the wheels on either side of the buggy. (e) Concrete pumping systems. (1) Concrete pumping systems using discharge pipes shall be provided with pipe supports designed for 100 percent overload. (2) Compressed air hoses used on concrete pumping system shall be provided with positive fail-safe joint connectors to prevent separation of sections when pressurized. (f) Concrete buckets. (1) Concrete buckets equipped with hydraulic or pneumatic gates shall have positive safety latches or similar safety devices installed to prevent premature or accidental dumping. (2) Concrete buckets shall be designed to prevent concrete from hanging up on top and the sides. (g) Tremies. Sections of tremies and similar concrete conveyances shall be secured with wire rope (or equivalent materials) in addition to the regular couplings or connections. (h) Bull floats. Bull float handles, used where they might contact energized electrical conductors, shall be constructed of nonconductive material or insulated with a nonconductive sheath whose electri… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.17.20.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | Q | Subpart Q—Concrete and Masonry Construction | § 1926.703 Requirements for cast-in-place concrete. | OSHA | [53 FR 22643, June 16, 1988, as amended at 61 FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996] | (a) General requirements for formwork. (1) Formwork shall be designed, fabricated, erected, supported, braced and maintained so that it will be capable of supporting without failure all vertical and lateral loads that may reasonably be anticipated to be applied to the formwork. Formwork which is designed, fabricated, erected, supported, braced and maintained in conformance with the appendix to this section will be deemed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. (2) Drawings or plans, including all revisions, for the jack layout, formwork (including shoring equipment), working decks, and scaffolds, shall be available at the jobsite. (b) Shoring and reshoring. (1) All shoring equipment (including equipment used in reshoring operations) shall be inspected prior to erection to determine that the equipment meets the requirements specified in the formwork drawings. (2) Shoring equipment found to be damaged such that its strength is reduced to less than that required by § 1926.703(a)(1) shall not be used for shoring. (3) Erected shoring equipment shall be inspected immediately prior to, during, and immediately after concrete placement. (4) Shoring equipment that is found to be damaged or weakened after erection, such that its strength is reduced to less than that required by § 1926.703(a)(1), shall be immediately reinforced. (5) The sills for shoring shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load. (6) All base plates, shore heads, extension devices, and adjustment screws shall be in firm contact, and secured when necessary, with the foundation and the form. (7) Eccentric loads on shore heads and similar members shall be prohibited unless these members have been designed for such loading. (8) Whenever single post shores are used one on top of another (tiered), the employer shall comply with the following specific requirements in addition to the general requirements for formwork: (i) The design of the shoring shall be prepared by a qualified designer and the erected shoring shall… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.17.20.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | Q | Subpart Q—Concrete and Masonry Construction | § 1926.704 Requirements for precast concrete. | OSHA | [53 FR 22643, June 16, 1988, as amended at 54 FR 41088, Oct. 5, 1989] | (a) Precast concrete wall units, structural framing, and tilt-up wall panels shall be adequately supported to prevent overturning and to prevent collapse until permanent connections are completed. (b) Lifting inserts which are embedded or otherwise attached to tilt-up precast concrete members shall be capable of supporting at least two times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to them. (c) Lifting inserts which are embedded or otherwise attached to precast concrete members, other than the tilt-up members, shall be capable of supporting at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to them. (d) Lifting hardware shall be capable of supporting at least five times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to the lifting hardware. (e) No employee shall be permitted under precast concrete members being lifted or tilted into position except those employees required for the erection of those members. | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.17.20.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | Q | Subpart Q—Concrete and Masonry Construction | § 1926.705 Requirements for lift-slab construction operations. | OSHA | [55 FR 42328, Oct. 18, 1990] | (a) Lift-slab operations shall be designed and planned by a registered professional engineer who has experience in lift-slab construction. Such plans and designs shall be implemented by the employer and shall include detailed instructions and sketches indicating the prescribed method of erection. These plans and designs shall also include provisions for ensuring lateral stability of the building/structure during construction. (b) Jacks/lifting units shall be marked to indicate their rated capacity as established by the manufacturer. (c) Jacks/lifting units shall not be loaded beyond their rated capacity as established by the manufacturer. (d) Jacking equipment shall be capable of supporting at least two and one-half times the load being lifted during jacking operations and the equipment shall not be overloaded. For the purpose of this provision, jacking equipment includes any load bearing component which is used to carry out the lifting operation(s). Such equipment includes, but is not limited, to the following: threaded rods, lifting attachments, lifting nuts, hook-up collars, T-caps, shearheads, columns, and footings. (e) Jacks/lifting units shall be designed and installed so that they will neither lift nor continue to lift when they are loaded in excess of their rated capacity. (f) Jacks/lifting units shall have a safety device installed which will cause the jacks/lifting units to support the load in any position in the event any jack/lifting unit malfunctions or loses its lifting ability. (g) Jacking operations shall be synchronized in such a manner to ensure even and uniform lifting of the slab. During lifting, all points at which the slab is supported shall be kept within 1/2 inch of that needed to maintain the slab in a level position. (h) If leveling is automatically controlled, a device shall be installed that will stop the operation when the 1/2 inch tolerance set forth in paragraph (g) of this section is exceeded or where there is a malfunction in the jacking (lifting) system. (i) If level… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.17.20.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | Q | Subpart Q—Concrete and Masonry Construction | § 1926.706 Requirements for masonry construction. | OSHA | (a) A limited access zone shall be established whenever a masonry wall is being constructed. The limited access zone shall conform to the following. (1) The limited access zone shall be established prior to the start of construction of the wall. (2) The limited access zone shall be equal to the height of the wall to be constructed plus four feet, and shall run the entire length of the wall. (3) The limited access zone shall be established on the side of the wall which will be unscaffolded. (4) The limited access zone shall be restricted to entry by employees actively engaged in constructing the wall. No other employees shall be permitted to enter the zone. (5) The limited access zone shall remain in place until the wall is adequately supported to prevent overturning and to prevent collapse unless the height of wall is over eight feet, in which case, the limited access zone shall remain in place until the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section have been met. (b) All masonry walls over eight feet in height shall be adequately braced to prevent overturning and to prevent collapse unless the wall is adequately supported so that it will not overturn or collapse. The bracing shall remain in place until permanent supporting elements of the structure are in place. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.750 Scope. | OSHA | (a) This subpart sets forth requirements to protect employees from the hazards associated with steel erection activities involved in the construction, alteration, and/or repair of single and multi-story buildings, bridges, and other structures where steel erection occurs. The requirements of this subpart apply to employers engaged in steel erection unless otherwise specified. This subpart does not cover electrical transmission towers, communication and broadcast towers, or tanks. Examples of structures where steel erection may occur include but are not limited to the following: Single and multi-story buildings; systems-engineered metal buildings; lift slab/tilt-up structures; energy exploration structures; energy production, transfer and storage structures and facilities; auditoriums; malls; amphitheaters; stadiums; power plants; mills; chemical process structures; bridges; trestles; overpasses; underpasses; viaducts; aqueducts; aerospace facilities and structures; radar and communication structures; light towers; signage; billboards; scoreboards; conveyor systems; conveyor supports and related framing; stairways; stair towers; fire escapes; draft curtains; fire containment structures; monorails; aerialways; catwalks; curtain walls; window walls; store fronts; elevator fronts; entrances; skylights; metal roofs; industrial structures; hi-bay structures; rail, marine and other transportation structures; sound barriers; water process and water containment structures; air and cable supported structures; space frames; geodesic domes; canopies; racks and rack support structures and frames; platforms; walkways; balconies; atriums; penthouses; car dumpers; stackers/reclaimers; cranes and craneways; bins; hoppers; ovens; furnaces; stacks; amusement park structures and rides; and artistic and monumental structures. (b)(1) Steel erection activities include hoisting, laying out, placing, connecting, welding, burning, guying, bracing, bolting, plumbing and rigging structural steel, steel joists and metal buildings; installi… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.10 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.759 Falling object protection. | OSHA | (a) Securing loose items aloft. All materials, equipment, and tools, which are not in use while aloft, shall be secured against accidental displacement. (b) Protection from falling objects other than materials being hoisted. The controlling contractor shall bar other construction processes below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.11 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.760 Fall protection. | OSHA | (a) General requirements. (1) Except as provided by paragraph (a)(3) of this section, each employee engaged in a steel erection activity who is on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 15 feet (4.6 m) above a lower level shall be protected from fall hazards by guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems or fall restraint systems. (2) Perimeter safety cables. On multi-story structures, perimeter safety cables shall be installed at the final interior and exterior perimeters of the floors as soon as the metal decking has been installed. (3) Connectors and employees working in controlled decking zones shall be protected from fall hazards as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, respectively. (b) Connectors. Each connector shall: (1) Be protected in accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section from fall hazards of more than two stories or 30 feet (9.1 m) above a lower level, whichever is less; (2) Have completed connector training in accordance with § 1926.761; and (3) Be provided, at heights over 15 and up to 30 feet above a lower level, with a personal fall arrest system, positioning device system or fall restraint system and wear the equipment necessary to be able to be tied off; or be provided with other means of protection from fall hazards in accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section. (c) Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ). A controlled decking zone may be established in that area of the structure over 15 and up to 30 feet above a lower level where metal decking is initially being installed and forms the leading edge of a work area. In each CDZ, the following shall apply: (1) Each employee working at the leading edge in a CDZ shall be protected from fall hazards of more than two stories or 30 feet (9.1 m), whichever is less. (2) Access to a CDZ shall be limited to only those employees engaged in leading edge work. (3) The boundaries of a CDZ shall be designated and clearly marked. The CDZ shal… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.12 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.761 Training. | OSHA | [66 FR 5265, Jan. 18, 2001, as amended at 73 FR 75589, Dec. 12, 2008; 85 FR 8745, Feb. 18, 2020] | The following provisions supplement the requirements of § 1926.21 regarding the hazards addressed in this subpart. (a) Training personnel. Training required by this section shall be provided by a qualified person(s). (b) Fall hazard training. The employer shall train each employee exposed to a fall hazard in accordance with the requirements of this section. The employer shall institute a training program and ensure employee participation in the program. The program shall include training and instruction in the following areas: (1) The recognition and identification of fall hazards in the work area; (2) The use and operation of guardrail systems (including perimeter safety cable systems), personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems, fall restraint systems, safety net systems, and other protection to be used; (3) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall protection systems to be used; (4) The procedures to be followed to prevent falls to lower levels and through or into holes and openings in walking/working surfaces and walls; and (5) The fall protection requirements of this subpart. (c) Special training programs. In addition to the training required in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the employer shall provide special training to employees engaged in the following activities. (1) Multiple lift rigging procedure. The employer shall ensure that each employee who performs multiple lift rigging has been provided training in the following areas: (i) The nature of the hazards associated with multiple lifts; and (ii) The proper procedures and equipment to perform multiple lifts required by § 1926.753(e). (2) Connector procedures. The employer shall ensure that each connector has been provided training in the following areas: (i) The nature of the hazards associated with connecting; and (ii) The establishment, access, proper connecting techniques and work practices required by § 1926.756(c) and § 1926.760(b). (3) Controlled Decki… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.751 Definitions. | OSHA | Anchored bridging means that the steel joist bridging is connected to a bridging terminus point. Bolted diagonal bridging means diagonal bridging that is bolted to a steel joist or joists. Bridging clip means a device that is attached to the steel joist to allow the bolting of the bridging to the steel joist. Bridging terminus point means a wall, a beam, tandem joists (with all bridging installed and a horizontal truss in the plane of the top chord) or other element at an end or intermediate point(s) of a line of bridging that provides an anchor point for the steel joist bridging. Choker means a wire rope or synthetic fiber rigging assembly that is used to attach a load to a hoisting device. Cold forming means the process of using press brakes, rolls, or other methods to shape steel into desired cross sections at room temperature. Column means a load-carrying vertical member that is part of the primary skeletal framing system. Columns do not include posts. Competent person (also defined in § 1926.32) means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Connector means an employee who, working with hoisting equipment, is placing and connecting structural members and/or components. Constructibility means the ability to erect structural steel members in accordance with subpart R without having to alter the over-all structural design. Construction load (for joist erection) means any load other than the weight of the employee(s), the joists and the bridging bundle. Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ) means an area in which certain work (for example, initial installation and placement of metal decking) may take place without the use of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, fall restraint systems, or safety net systems and where access to the zone is controlled. Controlled load lowering means… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.752 Site layout, site-specific erection plan and construction sequence. | OSHA | (a) Approval to begin steel erection. Before authorizing the commencement of steel erection, the controlling contractor shall ensure that the steel erector is provided with the following written notifications: (1) The concrete in the footings, piers and walls and the mortar in the masonry piers and walls has attained, on the basis of an appropriate ASTM standard test method of field-cured samples, either 75 percent of the intended minimum compressive design strength or sufficient strength to support the loads imposed during steel erection. (2) Any repairs, replacements and modifications to the anchor bolts were conducted in accordance with § 1926.755(b). (b) Commencement of steel erection. A steel erection contractor shall not erect steel unless it has received written notification that the concrete in the footings, piers and walls or the mortar in the masonry piers and walls has attained, on the basis of an appropriate ASTM standard test method of field-cured samples, either 75 percent of the intended minimum compressive design strength or sufficient strength to support the loads imposed during steel erection. (c) Site layout. The controlling contractor shall ensure that the following is provided and maintained: (1) Adequate access roads into and through the site for the safe delivery and movement of derricks, cranes, trucks, other necessary equipment, and the material to be erected and means and methods for pedestrian and vehicular control. Exception: this requirement does not apply to roads outside of the construction site. (2) A firm, properly graded, drained area, readily accessible to the work with adequate space for the safe storage of materials and the safe operation of the erector's equipment. (d) Pre-planning of overhead hoisting operations. All hoisting operations in steel erection shall be pre-planned to ensure that the requirements of § 1926.753(d) are met. (e) Site-specific erection plan. Where employers elect, due to conditions specific to the site, to develop alternate means and … | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.753 Hoisting and rigging. | OSHA | [66 FR 5265, Jan. 18, 2001, as amended at 75 FR 48134, Aug. 9, 2010] | (a) All the provisions of subpart CC apply to hoisting and rigging with the exception of § 1926.1431(a). (b) In addition, paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section apply regarding the hazards associated with hoisting and rigging. (c) General. (1) Pre-shift visual inspection of cranes. (i) Cranes being used in steel erection activities shall be visually inspected prior to each shift by a competent person; the inspection shall include observation for deficiencies during operation. At a minimum this inspection shall include the following: (A) All control mechanisms for maladjustments; (B) Control and drive mechanism for excessive wear of components and contamination by lubricants, water or other foreign matter; (C) Safety devices, including but not limited to boom angle indicators, boom stops, boom kick out devices, anti-two block devices, and load moment indicators where required; (D) Air, hydraulic, and other pressurized lines for deterioration or leakage, particularly those which flex in normal operation; (E) Hooks and latches for deformation, chemical damage, cracks, or wear; (F) Wire rope reeving for compliance with hoisting equipment manufacturer's specifications; (G) Electrical apparatus for malfunctioning, signs of excessive deterioration, dirt, or moisture accumulation; (H) Hydraulic system for proper fluid level; (I) Tires for proper inflation and condition; (J) Ground conditions around the hoisting equipment for proper support, including ground settling under and around outriggers, ground water accumulation, or similar conditions; (K) The hoisting equipment for level position; and (L) The hoisting equipment for level position after each move and setup. (ii) If any deficiency is identified, an immediate determination shall be made by the competent person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a hazard. (iii) If the deficiency is determined to constitute a hazard, the hoisting equipment shall be removed from service until the deficiency has been corrected. (iv) The operator shall be r… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.754 Structural steel assembly. | OSHA | [66 FR 5265, Jan. 18, 2001, as amended at 71 FR 2885, Jan. 18, 2006; 71 FR 16674, Apr. 3, 2006; 75 FR 27429, May 17, 2010; 85 FR 8745, Feb. 18, 2020] | (a) Structural stability shall be maintained at all times during the erection process. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) regulations incorporate by reference a number of standards, policies, and standard specifications published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and other organizations. ( See 23 CFR 625.4). Many of these incorporated provisions may be relevant to maintaining structural stability during the erection process. For instance, as of May 17, 2010, in many cases FHWA requires a Registered Engineer to prepare and seal working drawings for falsework used in highway bridge construction. ( See AASHTO Specifications for Highway Bridges, Div. II, § 3.2.1, 15th edition, 1992, which FHWA incorporates by reference in 23 CFR 625.4). FHWA also encourages compliance with AASHTO Specifications that the FHWA regulations do not currently incorporate by reference. ( See http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/lrfd/index.htm. ) (b) The following additional requirements shall apply for multi-story structures: (1) The permanent floors shall be installed as the erection of structural members progresses, and there shall be not more than eight stories between the erection floor and the upper-most permanent floor, except where the structural integrity is maintained as a result of the design. (2) At no time shall there be more than four floors or 48 feet (14.6 m), whichever is less, of unfinished bolting or welding above the foundation or uppermost permanently secured floor, except where the structural integrity is maintained as a result of the design. (3) A fully planked or decked floor or nets shall be maintained within two stories or 30 feet (9.1 m), whichever is less, directly under any erection work being performed. (c) Walking/working surfaces—shear connectors and other similar devices —(1) Tripping hazards. Shear connectors (such as headed steel studs, steel bars or steel lugs), reinforcing bars, deformed anchors or threaded studs shall not be attached to the top f… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.755 Column anchorage. | OSHA | (a) General requirements for erection stability. (1) All columns shall be anchored by a minimum of 4 anchor rods (anchor bolts). (2) Each column anchor rod (anchor bolt) assembly, including the column-to-base plate weld and the column foundation, shall be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300 pounds (136.2 kg) located 18 inches (.46m) from the extreme outer face of the column in each direction at the top of the column shaft. (3) Columns shall be set on level finished floors, pre-grouted leveling plates, leveling nuts, or shim packs which are adequate to transfer the construction loads. (4) All columns shall be evaluated by a competent person to determine whether guying or bracing is needed; if guying or bracing is needed, it shall be installed. (b) Repair, replacement or field modification of anchor rods (anchor bolts). (1) Anchor rods (anchor bolts) shall not be repaired, replaced or field-modified without the approval of the project structural engineer of record. (2) Prior to the erection of a column, the controlling contractor shall provide written notification to the steel erector if there has been any repair, replacement or modification of the anchor rods (anchor bolts) of that column. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.756 Beams and columns. | OSHA | (a) General. (1) During the final placing of solid web structural members, the load shall not be released from the hoisting line until the members are secured with at least two bolts per connection, of the same size and strength as shown in the erection drawings, drawn up wrench-tight or the equivalent as specified by the project structural engineer of record, except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section. (2) A competent person shall determine if more than two bolts are necessary to ensure the stability of cantilevered members; if additional bolts are needed, they shall be installed. (b) Diagonal bracing. Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing shall be secured by at least one bolt per connection drawn up wrench-tight or the equivalent as specified by the project structural engineer of record. (c)(1) Double connections at columns and/or at beam webs over a column. When two structural members on opposite sides of a column web, or a beam web over a column, are connected sharing common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut shall remain connected to the first member unless a shop-attached or field-attached seat or equivalent connection device is supplied with the member to secure the first member and prevent the column from being displaced (See appendix H to this subpart for examples of equivalent connection devices). (2) If a seat or equivalent device is used, the seat (or device) shall be designed to support the load during the double connection process. It shall be adequately bolted or welded to both a supporting member and the first member before the nuts on the shared bolts are removed to make the double connection. (d) Column splices. Each column splice shall be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300 pounds (136.2 kg) located 18 inches (.46 m) from the extreme outer face of the column in each direction at the top of the column shaft. (e) Perimeter columns. Perimeter columns shall not be erected unless: (1) The perimeter columns e… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.8 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.757 Open web steel joists. | OSHA | [66 FR 5265, Jan. 18, 2001, as amended at 85 FR 8745, Feb. 18, 2020] | (a) General. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, where steel joists are used and columns are not framed in at least two directions with solid web structural steel members, a steel joist shall be field-bolted at the column to provide lateral stability to the column during erection. For the installation of this joist: (i) A vertical stabilizer plate shall be provided on each column for steel joists. The plate shall be a minimum of 6 inch by 6 inch (152 mm by 152 mm) and shall extend at least 3 inches (76 mm) below the bottom chord of the joist with a 13/16 inch (21 mm) hole to provide an attachment point for guying or plumbing cables. (ii) The bottom chords of steel joists at columns shall be stabilized to prevent rotation during erection. (iii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until the seat at each end of the steel joist is field-bolted, and each end of the bottom chord is restrained by the column stabilizer plate. (2) Where constructibility does not allow a steel joist to be installed at the column: (i) an alternate means of stabilizing joists shall be installed on both sides near the column and shall: (A) provide stability equivalent to paragraph (a)(1) of this section; (B) be designed by a qualified person; (C) be shop installed; and (D) be included in the erection drawings. (ii) hoisting cables shall not be released until the seat at each end of the steel joist is field-bolted and the joist is stabilized. (3) Where steel joists at or near columns span 60 feet (18.3 m) or less, the joist shall be designed with sufficient strength to allow one employee to release the hoisting cable without the need for erection bridging. (4) Where steel joists at or near columns span more than 60 feet (18.3 m), the joists shall be set in tandem with all bridging installed unless an alternative method of erection, which provides equivalent stability to the steel joist, is designed by a qualified person and is included in the site-specific erection plan. (5) A steel joist or steel jo… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.18.20.9 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | R | Subpart R—Steel Erection | § 1926.758 Systems-engineered metal buildings. | OSHA | (a) All of the requirements of this subpart apply to the erection of systems-engineered metal buildings except §§ 1926.755 (column anchorage) and 1926.757 (open web steel joists). (b) Each structural column shall be anchored by a minimum of four anchor rods (anchor bolts). (c) Rigid frames shall have 50 percent of their bolts or the number of bolts specified by the manufacturer (whichever is greater) installed and tightened on both sides of the web adjacent to each flange before the hoisting equipment is released. (d) Construction loads shall not be placed on any structural steel framework unless such framework is safely bolted, welded or otherwise adequately secured. (e) In girt and eave strut-to-frame connections, when girts or eave struts share common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut shall remain connected to the first member unless a manufacturer-supplied, field-attached seat or similar connection device is present to secure the first member so that the girt or eave strut is always secured against displacement. (f) Both ends of all steel joists or cold-formed joists shall be fully bolted and/or welded to the support structure before: (1) Releasing the hoisting cables; (2) Allowing an employee on the joists; or (3) Allowing any construction loads on the joists. (g) Purlins and girts shall not be used as an anchorage point for a fall arrest system unless written approval is obtained from a qualified person. (h) Purlins may only be used as a walking/working surface when installing safety systems, after all permanent bridging has been installed and fall protection is provided. (i) Construction loads may be placed only within a zone that is within 8 feet (2.5 m) of the center-line of the primary support member. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.19.20.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | S | Subpart S—Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams and Compressed Air | § 1926.800 Underground construction. | OSHA | [54 FR 23850, June 2, 1989; 58 FR 35311, June 30, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996; 63 FR 1297, Jan. 8, 1998; 71 FR 16674, Apr. 3, 2006; 75 FR 48135, Aug. 9, 2010; 77 FR 49728, Aug. 17, 2012; 78 FR 23841, Apr. 24, 2013; 84 FR 21577, May 14, 2019] | (a) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to the construction of underground tunnels, shafts, chambers, and passageways. This section also applies to cut-and-cover excavations which are both physically connected to ongoing underground construction operations within the scope of this section, and covered in such a manner as to create conditions characteristic of underground construction. (2) This section does not apply to the following: (i) Excavation and trenching operations covered by subpart P of this part, such as foundation operations for above-ground structures that are not physically connected to underground construction operations, and surface excavation; nor (ii) Underground electrical transmission and distribution lines, as addressed in subpart V of this part. (b) Access and egress. (1) The employer shall provide and maintain safe means of access and egress to all work stations. (2) The employer shall provide access and egress in such a manner that employees are protected from being struck by excavators, haulage machines, trains and other mobile equipment. (3) The employer shall control access to all openings to prevent unauthorized entry underground. Unused chutes, manways, or other openings shall be tightly covered, bulkheaded, or fenced off, and shall be posted with warning signs indicating “Keep Out” or similar language. Completed or unused sections of the underground facility shall be barricaded. (c) Check-in/check-out. The employer shall maintain a check-in/check-out procedure that will ensure that above-ground personnel can determine an accurate count of the number of persons underground in the event of an emergency. However, this procedure is not required when the construction of underground facilities designed for human occupancy has been sufficiently completed so that the permanent environmental controls are effective, and when the remaining construction activity will not cause any environmental hazard or structural failure within the facilities. (d) Safety instruction.… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.19.20.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | S | Subpart S—Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams and Compressed Air | § 1926.801 Caissons. | OSHA | (a) Wherever, in caisson work in which compressed air is used, and the working chamber is less than 11 feet in length, and when such caissons are at any time suspended or hung while work is in progress so that the bottom of the excavation is more than 9 feet below the deck of the working chamber, a shield shall be erected therein for the protection of the employees. (b) Shafts shall be subjected to a hydrostatic or air-pressure test, at which pressure they shall be tight. The shaft shall be stamped on the outside shell about 12 inches from each flange to show the pressure to which they have been subjected. (c) Whenever a shaft is used, it shall be provided, where space permits, with a safe, proper, and suitable staircase for its entire length, including landing platforms, not more than 20 feet apart. Where this is impracticable, suitable ladders shall be installed with landing platforms located about 20 feet apart to break the climb. (d) All caissons having a diameter or side greater than 10 feet shall be provided with a man lock and shaft for the exclusive use of employees. (e) In addition to the gauge in the locks, an accurate gauge shall be maintained on the outer and inner side of each bulkhead. These gauges shall be accessible at all times and kept in accurate working order. (f) In caisson operations where employees are exposed to compressed air working environments, the requirements contained in § 1926.803 shall be complied with. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.19.20.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | S | Subpart S—Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams and Compressed Air | § 1926.802 Cofferdams. | OSHA | (a) If overtopping of the cofferdam by high waters is possible, means shall be provided for controlled flooding of the work area. (b) Warning signals for evacuation of employees in case of emergency shall be developed and posted. (c) Cofferdam walkways, bridges, or ramps with at least two means of rapid exit shall be provided with guardrails as specified in subpart M of this part. (d) Cofferdams located close to navigable shipping channels shall be protected from vessels in transit, where possible. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.19.20.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | S | Subpart S—Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams and Compressed Air | § 1926.803 Compressed air. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 47 FR 14696, 14706, Apr. 6, 1982; 51 FR 25318, July 11, 1986; 61 FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996] | (a) General provisions. (1) There shall be present, at all times, at least one competent person designated by and representing the employer, who shall be familiar with this subpart in all respects, and responsible for full compliance with these and other applicable subparts. (2) Every employee shall be instructed in the rules and regulations which concern his safety or the safety of others. (b) Medical attendance, examination, and regulations. (1) There shall be retained one or more licensed physicians familiar with and experienced in the physical requirements and the medical aspects of compressed air work and the treatment of decompression illness. He shall be available at all times while work is in progress in order to provide medical supervision of employees employed in compressed air work. He shall himself be physically qualified and be willing to enter a pressurized environment. (2) No employee shall be permitted to enter a compressed air environment until he has been examined by the physician and reported by him to be physically qualified to engage in such work. (3) In the event an employee is absent from work for 10 days, or is absent due to sickness or injury, he shall not resume work until he is reexamined by the physician, and his physical condition reported, as provided in this paragraph, to be such as to permit him to work in compressed air. (4) After an employee has been employed continuously in compressed air for a period designated by the physician, but not to exceed 1 year, he shall be reexamined by the physician to determine if he is still physically qualified to engage in compressed air work. (5) Such physician shall at all times keep a complete and full record of examinations made by him. The physician shall also keep an accurate record of any decompression illness or other illness or injury incapacitating any employee for work, and of all loss of life that occurs in the operation of a tunnel, caisson, or other compartment in which compressed air is used. (6) Records shall be availab… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.19.20.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | S | Subpart S—Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams and Compressed Air | § 1926.804 Definitions applicable to this subpart. | OSHA | (a) Bulkhead —An airtight structure separating the working chamber from free air or from another chamber under a lesser pressure than the working pressure. (b) Caisson —A wood, steel, concrete or reinforced concrete, air- and water-tight chamber in which it is possible for men to work under air pressure greater than atmospheric pressure to excavate material below water level. (c) Decanting —A method used for decompressing under emergency circumstances. In this procedure, the employees are brought to atmospheric pressure with a very high gas tension in the tissues and then immediately recompressed in a second and separate chamber or lock. (d) Emergency locks —A lock designed to hold and permit the quick passage of an entire shift of employees. (e) High air —Air pressure used to supply power to pneumatic tools and devices. (f) Low air —Air supplied to pressurize working chambers and locks. (g) Man lock —A chamber through which men pass from one air pressure environment into another. (h) Materials lock —A chamber through which materials and equipment pass from one air pressure environment into another. (i) Medical lock —A special chamber in which employees are treated for decompression illness. It may also be used in preemployment physical examinations to determine the adaptability of the prospective employee to changes in pressure. (j) Normal condition —One during which exposure to compressed air is limited to a single continuous working period followed by a single decompression in any given 24-hour period; the total time of exposure to compressed air during the single continuous working period is not interrupted by exposure to normal atmospheric pressure, and a second exposure to compressed air does not occur until at least 12 consecutive hours of exposure to normal atmospheric pressure has elapsed since the employee has been under pressure. (k) Pressure —A force acting on a unit area. Usually shown as pounds per square inch. (p.s.i.) (l) Absolute pressure (p.s.i.a.)—The sum of the atmosphe… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.2.13.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | B | Subpart B—General Interpretations | § 1926.10 Scope of subpart. | OSHA | (a) This subpart contains the general rules of the Secretary of Labor interpreting and applying the construction safety and health provisions of section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (83 Stat. 96). Section 107 requires as a condition of each contract which is entered into under legislation subject to Reorganization Plan Number 14 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1267), and which is for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating, that no contractor or subcontractor contracting for any part of the contract work shall require any laborer or mechanic employed in the performance of the contract to work in surroundings or under working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to his health or safety, as determined under construction safety and health standards promulgated by the Secretary by regulation. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.2.13.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | B | Subpart B—General Interpretations | § 1926.11 Coverage under section 103 of the act distinguished. | OSHA | (a) Coverage under section 103. It is important to note that the coverage of section 107 differs from that for the overtime requirements of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act. The application of the overtime requirements is governed by section 103, which subject to specific exemptions, includes: (1) Federal contracts requiring or involving the employment of laborers or mechanics (thus including, but not limited to, contracts for construction), and (2) contracts assisted in whole or in part by Federal loans, grants, or guarantees under any statute “providing wage standards for such work.” The statutes “providing wage standards for such work” include statutes for construction which require the payment of minimum wages in accordance with prevailing wage findings by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with the Davis-Bacon Act. A provision to section 103 excludes from the overtime requirements work where the Federal assistance is only in the form of a loan guarantee or insurance. (b) Coverage under section 107. To be covered by section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act, a contract must be one which (1) is entered into under a statute that is subject to Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1267); and (2) is for “construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating.” | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.2.13.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | B | Subpart B—General Interpretations | § 1926.12 Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950. | OSHA | (a) General provisions. Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950 relates to the prescribing by the Secretary of Labor of “appropriate standards, regulations, and procedures” with respect to the enforcement of labor standards under Federal and federally assisted contracts which are subject to various statutes subject to the Plan. The rules of the Secretary of Labor implementing the Plan are published in part 5 of this title. Briefly, the statutes subject to the Plan include the Davis-Bacon Act, including its extension to Federal-aid highway legislation subject to 23 U.S.C. 113, and other statutes subject to the Plan by its original terms, statutes by which the Plan is expressly applied, such as the Contract Work Hours Standards Act by virtue of section 104(d) thereof. (b) The Plan. (1) The statutes subject to Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950 are cited and briefly described in the remaining paragraphs of this section. These descriptions are general in nature and not intended to convey the full scope of the work to be performed under each statute. The individual statutes should be resorted to for a more detailed scope of the work. (2) Federal-Aid Highway Acts. The provisions codified in 23 U.S.C. 113 apply to the initial construction, reconstruction, or improvement work performed by contractors or subcontractors on highway projects on the Federal-aid systems, the primary and secondary, as well as their extensions in urban areas, and the Interstate System, authorized under the highway laws providing for the expenditure of Federal funds upon the Federal-aid system. As cited in 41 Op. A.G. 488, 496, the Attorney General ruled that the Federal-Aid Highway Acts are subject to Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950. (3) National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1713, 1715a, 1715e, 1715k, 1715l(d)(3) and (4), 1715v, 1715w, 1715x, 1743, 1747, 1748, 1748h-2, 1750g, 1715l(h)(1), 1715z(j)(1), 1715z-1, 1715y(d), Subchapter 1x-A and 1x-B, 1715z-7). This act covers construction which is financed with assistance by the Federal Government… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.2.13.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | B | Subpart B—General Interpretations | § 1926.13 Interpretation of statutory terms. | OSHA | (a) The terms construction, alteration, and repair used in section 107 of the Act are also used in section 1 of the Davis-Bacon Act (40 U.S.C. 276a), providing minimum wage protection on Federal construction contracts, and section 1 of the Miller Act (40 U.S.C. 270a), providing performance and payment bond protection on Federal construction contracts. Similarly, the terms contractor and subcontractor are used in those statutes, as well as in Copeland (Anti-Kickback) Act (40 U.S.C. 276c) and the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act itself, which apply concurrently with the Miller Act and the Davis-Bacon Act on Federal construction contracts and also apply to most federally assisted construction contracts. The use of the same or identical terms in these statutes which apply concurrently with section 107 of the Act have considerable precedential value in ascertaining the coverage of section 107. (b) It should be noted that section 1 of the Davis-Bacon Act limits minimum wage protection to laborers and mechanics “employed directly” upon the “site of the work.” There is no comparable limitation in section 107 of the Act. Section 107 expressly requires as a self-executing condition of each covered contract that no contractor or subcontractor shall require “any laborer or mechanic employed in the performance of the contract to work in surroundings or under working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to his health or safety” as these health and safety standards are applied in the rules of the Secretary of Labor. (c) The term subcontractor under section 107 is considered to mean a person who agrees to perform any part of the labor or material requirements of a contract for construction, alteration or repair. Cf. MacEvoy Co. v. United States, 322 U.S. 102, 108-9 (1944). A person who undertakes to perform a portion of a contract involving the furnishing of supplies or materials will be considered a “subcontractor” under this part and section 107 if the work in question involves the p… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.2.13.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | B | Subpart B—General Interpretations | § 1926.14 Federal contract for “mixed” types of performance. | OSHA | (a) It is the intent of the Congress to provide safety and health protection of Federal, federally financed, or federally assisted construction. See, for example, H. Report No. 91-241, 91st Cong., first session, p. 1 (1969). Thus, it is clear that when a Federal contract calls for mixed types of performance, such as both manufacturing and construction, section 107 would apply to the construction. By its express terms, section 107 applies to a contract which is “for construction, alteration, and/or repair.” Such a contract is not required to be exclusively for such services. The application of the section is not limited to contracts which permit an overall characterization as “construction contracts.” The text of section 107 is not so limited. (b) When the mixed types of performances include both construction and manufacturing, see also § 1926.15(b) concerning the relationship between the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act and section 107. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.2.13.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | B | Subpart B—General Interpretations | § 1926.15 Relationship to the Service Contract Act; Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act. | OSHA | (a) A contract for “construction” is one for nonpersonal service. See, e.g., 41 CFR 1-1.208. Section 2(e) of the Service Contract Act of 1965 requires as a condition of every Federal contract (and bid specification therefor) exceeding $2,500, the “principal purpose” of which is to furnish services to the United States through the use of “service employees,” that certain safety and health standards be met. See 29 CFR part 1925, which contains the Department rules concerning these standards. Section 7 of the Service Contract Act provides that the Act shall not apply to “any contract of the United States or District of Columbia for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating of public buildings or public works.” It is clear from the legislative history of section 107 that no gaps in coverage between the two statutes are intended. (b) The Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act requires that contracts entered into by any Federal agency for the manufacture or furnishing of materials, supplies, articles, and equipment in any amount exceeding $10,000 must contain, among other provisions, a requirement that “no part of such contract will be performed nor will any of the materials, supplies, articles or equipment to be manufactured or furnished under said contract be manufactured or fabricated in any plants, factories, buildings, or surroundings or under working conditions which are unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees engaged in the performance of said contract.” The rules of the Secretary concerning these standards are published in 41 CFR part 50-204, and express the Secretary of Labor's interpretation and application of section 1(e) of the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act to certain particular working conditions. None of the described working conditions are intended to deal with construction activities, although such activities may conceivably be a part of a contract which is subject to the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act. Nevertheless, such activities … | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.2.13.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | B | Subpart B—General Interpretations | § 1926.16 Rules of construction. | OSHA | (a) The prime contractor and any subcontractors may make their own arrangements with respect to obligations which might be more appropriately treated on a jobsite basis rather than individually. Thus, for example, the prime contractor and his subcontractors may wish to make an express agreement that the prime contractor or one of the subcontractors will provide all required first-aid or toilet facilities, thus relieving the subcontractors from the actual, but not any legal, responsibility (or, as the case may be, relieving the other subcontractors from this responsibility). In no case shall the prime contractor be relieved of overall responsibility for compliance with the requirements of this part for all work to be performed under the contract. (b) By contracting for full performance of a contract subject to section 107 of the Act, the prime contractor assumes all obligations prescribed as employer obligations under the standards contained in this part, whether or not he subcontracts any part of the work. (c) To the extent that a subcontractor of any tier agrees to perform any part of the contract, he also assumes responsibility for complying with the standards in this part with respect to that part. Thus, the prime contractor assumes the entire responsibility under the contract and the subcontractor assumes responsibility with respect to his portion of the work. With respect to subcontracted work, the prime contractor and any subcontractor or subcontractors shall be deemed to have joint responsibility. (d) Where joint responsibility exists, both the prime contractor and his subcontractor or subcontractors, regardless of tier, shall be considered subject to the enforcement provisions of the Act. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.850 Preparatory operations. | OSHA | (a) Prior to permitting employees to start demolition operations, an engineering survey shall be made, by a competent person, of the structure to determine the condition of the framing, floors, and walls, and possibility of unplanned collapse of any portion of the structure. Any adjacent structure where employees may be exposed shall also be similarly checked. The employer shall have in writing evidence that such a survey has been performed. (b) When employees are required to work within a structure to be demolished which has been damaged by fire, flood, explosion, or other cause, the walls or floor shall be shored or braced. (c) All electric, gas, water, steam, sewer, and other service lines shall be shut off, capped, or otherwise controlled, outside the building line before demolition work is started. In each case, any utility company which is involved shall be notified in advance. (d) If it is necessary to maintain any power, water or other utilities during demolition, such lines shall be temporarily relocated, as necessary, and protected. (e) It shall also be determined if any type of hazardous chemicals, gases, explosives, flammable materials, or similarly dangerous substances have been used in any pipes, tanks, or other equipment on the property. When the presence of any such substances is apparent or suspected, testing and purging shall be performed and the hazard eliminated before demolition is started. (f) Where a hazard exists from fragmentation of glass, such hazards shall be removed. (g) Where a hazard exists to employees falling through wall openings, the opening shall be protected to a height of approximately 42 inches. (h) When debris is dropped through holes in the floor without the use of chutes, the area onto which the material is dropped shall be completely enclosed with barricades not less than 42 inches high and not less than 6 feet back from the projected edge of the opening above. Signs, warning of the hazard of falling materials, shall be posted at each level. Removal shall not be p… | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.10 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.859 Mechanical demolition. | OSHA | (a) No workers shall be permitted in any area, which can be adversely affected by demolition operations, when balling or clamming is being performed. Only those workers necessary for the performance of the operations shall be permitted in this area at any other time. (b) The weight of the demolition ball shall not exceed 50 percent of the crane's rated load, based on the length of the boom and the maximum angle of operation at which the demolition ball will be used, or it shall not exceed 25 percent of the nominal breaking strength of the line by which it is suspended, whichever results in a lesser value. (c) The crane boom and loadline shall be as short as possible. (d) The ball shall be attached to the loadline with a swivel-type connection to prevent twisting of the loadline, and shall be attached by positive means in such manner that the weight cannot become accidentally disconnected. (e) When pulling over walls or portions thereof, all steel members affected shall have been previously cut free. (f) All roof cornices or other such ornamental stonework shall be removed prior to pulling walls over. (g) During demolition, continuing inspections by a competent person shall be made as the work progresses to detect hazards resulting from weakened or deteriorated floors, or walls, or loosened material. No employee shall be permitted to work where such hazards exist until they are corrected by shoring, bracing, or other effective means. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.11 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.860 Selective demolition by explosives. | OSHA | Selective demolition by explosives shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable sections of subpart U of this part. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.851 Stairs, passageways, and ladders. | OSHA | (a) Only those stairways, passageways, and ladders, designated as means of access to the structure of a building, shall be used. Other access ways shall be entirely closed at all times. (b) All stairs, passageways, ladders and incidental equipment thereto, which are covered by this section, shall be periodically inspected and maintained in a clean safe condition. (c) In a multistory building, when a stairwell is being used, it shall be properly illuminated by either natural or artificial means, and completely and substantially covered over at a point not less than two floors below the floor on which work is being performed, and access to the floor where the work is in progress shall be through a properly lighted, protected, and separate passageway. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.852 Chutes. | OSHA | (a) No material shall be dropped to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the structure unless the area is effectively protected. (b) All materials chutes, or sections thereof, at an angle of more than 45° from the horizontal, shall be entirely enclosed, except for openings equipped with closures at or about floor level for the insertion of materials. The openings shall not exceed 48 inches in height measured along the wall of the chute. At all stories below the top floor, such openings shall be kept closed when not in use. (c) A substantial gate shall be installed in each chute at or near the discharge end. A competent employee shall be assigned to control the operation of the gate, and the backing and loading of trucks. (d) When operations are not in progress, the area surrounding the discharge end of a chute shall be securely closed off. (e) Any chute opening, into which workmen dump debris, shall be protected by a substantial guardrail approximately 42 inches above the floor or other surface on which the men stand to dump the material. Any space between the chute and the edge of openings in the floors through which it passes shall be solidly covered over. (f) Where the material is dumped from mechanical equipment or wheelbarrows, a securely attached toeboard or bumper, not less than 4 inches thick and 6 inches high, shall be provided at each chute opening. (g) Chutes shall be designed and constructed of such strength as to eliminate failure due to impact of materials or debris loaded therein. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.853 Removal of materials through floor openings. | OSHA | Any openings cut in a floor for the disposal of materials shall be no larger in size than 25 percent of the aggregate of the total floor area, unless the lateral supports of the removed flooring remain in place. Floors weakened or otherwise made unsafe by demolition operations shall be shored to carry safely the intended imposed load from demolition operations. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.854 Removal of walls, masonry sections, and chimneys. | OSHA | (a) Masonry walls, or other sections of masonry, shall not be permitted to fall upon the floors of the building in such masses as to exceed the safe carrying capacities of the floors. (b) No wall section, which is more than one story in height, shall be permitted to stand alone without lateral bracing, unless such wall was originally designed and constructed to stand without such lateral support, and is in a condition safe enough to be self-supporting. All walls shall be left in a stable condition at the end of each shift. (c) Employees shall not be permitted to work on the top of a wall when weather conditions constitute a hazard. (d) Structural or load-supporting members on any floor shall not be cut or removed until all stories above such a floor have been demolished and removed. This provision shall not prohibit the cutting of floor beams for the disposal of materials or for the installation of equipment, provided that the requirements of §§ 1926.853 and 1926.855 are met. (e) Floor openings within 10 feet of any wall being demolished shall be planked solid, except when employees are kept out of the area below. (f) In buildings of “skeleton-steel” construction, the steel framing may be left in place during the demolition of masonry. Where this is done, all steel beams, girders, and similar structural supports shall be cleared of all loose material as the masonry demolition progresses downward. (g) Walkways or ladders shall be provided to enable employees to safely reach or leave any scaffold or wall. (h) Walls, which serve as retaining walls to support earth or adjoining structures, shall not be demolished until such earth has been properly braced or adjoining structures have been properly underpinned. (i) Walls, which are to serve as retaining walls against which debris will be piled, shall not be so used unless capable of safely supporting the imposed load. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.855 Manual removal of floors. | OSHA | (a) Openings cut in a floor shall extend the full span of the arch between supports. (b) Before demolishing any floor arch, debris and other material shall be removed from such arch and other adjacent floor area. Planks not less than 2 inches by 10 inches in cross section, full size undressed, shall be provided for, and shall be used by employees to stand on while breaking down floor arches between beams. Such planks shall be so located as to provide a safe support for the workmen should the arch between the beams collapse. The open space between planks shall not exceed 16 inches. (c) Safe walkways, not less than 18 inches wide, formed of planks not less than 2 inches thick if wood, or of equivalent strength if metal, shall be provided and used by workmen when necessary to enable them to reach any point without walking upon exposed beams. (d) Stringers of ample strength shall be installed to support the flooring planks, and the ends of such stringers shall be supported by floor beams or girders, and not by floor arches alone. (e) Planks shall be laid together over solid bearings with the ends overlapping at least 1 foot. (f) When floor arches are being removed, employees shall not be allowed in the area directly underneath, and such an area shall be barricaded to prevent access to it. (g) Demolition of floor arches shall not be started until they, and the surrounding floor area for a distance of 20 feet, have been cleared of debris and any other unnecessary materials. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.856 Removal of walls, floors, and material with equipment. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979 , 75 FR 48135, Aug. 9, 2010; 77 FR 49730, Aug. 17, 2012; 78 FR 23843, Apr. 23, 2013] | (a) Mechanical equipment shall not be used on floors or working surfaces unless such floors or surfaces are of sufficient strength to support the imposed load. (b) Floor openings shall have curbs or stop-logs to prevent equipment from running over the edge. (c) Cranes, derricks, and other mechanical equipment. Employers must meet the requirements specified in subparts N, O, and CC of this part. | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.8 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.857 Storage. | OSHA | (a) The storage of waste material and debris on any floor shall not exceed the allowable floor loads. (b) In buildings having wooden floor construction, the flooring boards may be removed from not more than one floor above grade to provide storage space for debris, provided falling material is not permitted to endanger the stability of the structure. (c) When wood floor beams serve to brace interior walls or free-standing exterior walls, such beams shall be left in place until other equivalent support can be installed to replace them. (d) Floor arches, to an elevation of not more than 25 feet above grade, may be removed to provide storage area for debris: Provided, That such removal does not endanger the stability of the structure. (e) Storage space into which material is dumped shall be blocked off, except for openings necessary for the removal of material. Such openings shall be kept closed at all times when material is not being removed. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.20.20.9 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | T | Subpart T—Demolition | § 1926.858 Removal of steel construction. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979 , 75 FR 48135, Aug. 9, 2010; 77 FR 49730, Aug. 17, 2012; 78 FR 23843, Apr. 23, 2013] | (a) When floor arches have been removed, planking in accordance with § 1926.855(b) shall be provided for the workers engaged in razing the steel framing. (b) Cranes, derricks, and other hoisting equipment. Employers must meet the requirements specified in subparts N and CC of this part. (c) Steel construction shall be dismantled column length by column length, and tier by tier (columns may be in two-story lengths). (d) Any structural member being dismembered shall not be overstressed. | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.21.20.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | U | Subpart U—Blasting and the Use of Explosives | § 1926.900 General provisions. | OSHA | [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 35183, June 30, 1993] | (a) The employer shall permit only authorized and qualified persons to handle and use explosives. (b) Smoking, firearms, matches, open flame lamps, and other fires, flame or heat producing devices and sparks shall be prohibited in or near explosive magazines or while explosives are being handled, transported or used. (c) No person shall be allowed to handle or use explosives while under the influence of intoxicating liquors, narcotics, or other dangerous drugs. (d) All explosives shall be accounted for at all times. Explosives not being used shall be kept in a locked magazine, unavailable to persons not authorized to handle them. The employer shall maintain an inventory and use record of all explosives. Appropriate authorities shall be notified of any loss, theft, or unauthorized entry into a magazine. (e) No explosives or blasting agents shall be abandoned. (f) No fire shall be fought where the fire is in imminent danger of contact with explosives. All employees shall be removed to a safe area and the fire area guarded against intruders. (g) Original containers, or Class II magazines, shall be used for taking detonators and other explosives from storage magazines to the blasting area. (h) When blasting is done in congested areas or in proximity to a structure, railway, or highway, or any other installation that may be damaged, the blaster shall take special precautions in the loading, delaying, initiation, and confinement of each blast with mats or other methods so as to control the throw of fragments, and thus prevent bodily injury to employees. (i) Employees authorized to prepare explosive charges or conduct blasting operations shall use every reasonable precaution including, but not limited to, visual and audible warning signals, flags, or barricades, to ensure employee safety. (j) Insofar as possible, blasting operations above ground shall be conducted between sunup and sundown. (k) Due precautions shall be taken to prevent accidental discharge of electric blasting caps from current induced by rada… | ||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.21.20.10 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | U | Subpart U—Blasting and the Use of Explosives | § 1926.909 Firing the blast. | OSHA | (a) A code of blasting signals equivalent to Table U-1, shall be posted on one or more conspicuous places at the operation, and all employees shall be required to familiarize themselves with the code and conform to it. Danger signs shall be placed at suitable locations. (b) Before a blast is fired, a loud warning signal shall be given by the blaster in charge, who has made certain that all surplus explosives are in a safe place and all employees, vehicles, and equipment are at a safe distance, or under sufficient cover. (c) Flagmen shall be safely stationed on highways which pass through the danger zone so as to stop traffic during blasting operations. (d) It shall be the duty of the blaster to fix the time of blasting. (e) Before firing an underground blast, warning shall be given, and all possible entries into the blasting area, and any entrances to any working place where a drift, raise, or other opening is about to hole through, shall be carefully guarded. The blaster shall make sure that all employees are out of the blast area before firing a blast. Table U-1 Warning Signal —A 1-minute series of long blasts 5 minutes prior to blast signal. Blast Signal —A series of short blasts 1 minute prior to the shot. All Clear Signal —A prolonged blast following the inspection of blast area. Warning Signal —A 1-minute series of long blasts 5 minutes prior to blast signal. Blast Signal —A series of short blasts 1 minute prior to the shot. All Clear Signal —A prolonged blast following the inspection of blast area. | |||||
| 29:29:8.1.1.1.1.21.20.11 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1926 | PART 1926—SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION | U | Subpart U—Blasting and the Use of Explosives | § 1926.910 Inspection after blasting. | OSHA | (a) Immediately after the blast has been fired, the firing line shall be disconnected from the blasting machine, or where power switches are used, they shall be locked open or in the off position. (b) Sufficient time shall be allowed, not less than 15 minutes in tunnels, for the smoke and fumes to leave the blasted area before returning to the shot. An inspection of the area and the surrounding rubble shall be made by the blaster to determine if all charges have been exploded before employees are allowed to return to the operation, and in tunnels, after the muck pile has been wetted down. |
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chapter TEXT,
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