cfr_sections
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204 rows where agency = "OSHA" and part_number = 1910 sorted by section_id
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.1.33.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 1910.1 Purpose and scope. | OSHA | (a) Section 6(a) of the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1593) provides that “without regard to chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code, or to the other subsections of this section, the Secretary shall, as soon as practicable during the period beginning with the effective date of this Act and ending 2 years after such date, by rule promulgate as an occupational safety or health standard any national concensus standard, and any established Federal standard, unless he determines that the promulgation of such a standard would not result in improved safety or health for specifically designated employees.” The legislative purpose of this provision is to establish, as rapidly as possible and without regard to the rule-making provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act, standards with which industries are generally familiar, and on whose adoption interested and affected persons have already had an opportunity to express their views. Such standards are either (1) national concensus standards on whose adoption affected persons have reached substantial agreement, or (2) Federal standards already established by Federal statutes or regulations. (b) This part carries out the directive to the Secretary of Labor under section 6(a) of the Act. It contains occupational safety and health standards which have been found to be national consensus standards or established Federal standards. | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.1.33.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 1910.2 Definitions. | OSHA | As used in this part, unless the context clearly requires otherwise: (a) Act means the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1590). (b) Assistant Secretary of Labor means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health; (c) Employer means a person engaged in a business affecting commerce who has employees, but does not include the United States or any State or political subdivision of a State; (d) Employee means an employee of an employer who is employed in a business of his employer which affects commerce; (e) Commerce means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, or communication among the several States, or between a State and any place outside thereof, or within the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States (other than the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands), or between points in the same State but through a point outside thereof; (f) Standard means a standard which requires conditions, or the adoption or use of one or more practices, means, methods, operations, or processes, reasonably necessary or appropriate to provide safe or healthful employment and places of employment; (g) National consensus standard means any standard or modification thereof which (1) has been adopted and promulgated by a nationally recognized standards-producing organization under procedures whereby it can be determined by the Secretary of Labor or by the Assistant Secretary of Labor that persons interested and affected by the scope or provisions of the standard have reached substantial agreement on its adoption, (2) was formulated in a manner which afforded an opportunity for diverse views to be considered, and (3) has been designated as such a standard by the Secretary or the Assistant Secretary, after consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies; and (h) Established Federal standard means any operative standard established by any agency of the United States and in effect on April 28, 1971, or contained in any Act of Congress … | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.1.33.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 1910.3 Petitions for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of a standard. | OSHA | (a) Any interested person may petition in writing the Assistant Secretary of Labor to promulgate, modify, or revoke a standard. The petition should set forth the terms or the substance of the rule desired, the effects thereof if promulgated, and the reasons therefor. (b)(1) The relevant legislative history of the Act indicates congressional recognition of the American National Standards Institute and the National Fire Protection Association as the major sources of national consensus standards. National consensus standards adopted on May 29, 1971, pursuant to section 6(a) of the Act are from those two sources. However, any organization which deems itself a producer of national consensus standards, within the meaning of section 3(9) of the Act, is invited to submit in writing to the Assistant Secretary of Labor at any time prior to February 1, 1973, all relevant information which may enable the Assistant Secretary to determine whether any of its standards satisfy the requirements of the definition of “national consensus standard” in section 3(9) of the Act. (2) Within a reasonable time after the receipt of a submission pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the Assistant Secretary of Labor shall publish or cause to be published in the Federal Register a notice of such submission, and shall afford interested persons a reasonable opportunity to present written data, views, or arguments with regard to the question whether any standards of the organization making the submission are national consensus standards. | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.1.33.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 1910.4 Amendments to this part. | OSHA | (a) The Assistant Secretary of Labor shall have all of the authority of the Secretary of Labor under sections 3(9) and 6(a) of the Act. (b) The Assistant Secretary of Labor may at any time before April 28, 1973, on his own motion or upon the written petition of any person, by rule promulgate as a standard any national consensus standard and any established Federal standard, pursuant to and in accordance with section 6(a) of the Act, and, in addition, may modify or revoke any standard in this part 1910. In the event of conflict among any such standards, the Assistant Secretary of Labor shall take the action necessary to eliminate the conflict, including the revocation or modification of a standard in this part, so as to assure the greatest protection of the safety or health of the affected employees. | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.1.33.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 1910.5 Applicability of standards. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 58 FR 35308, June 30, 1993; 85 FR 8732, Feb. 18, 2020] | (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the standards contained in this Part shall apply with respect to employments performed in a workplace in a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Wake Island, Outer Continental Shelf lands defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, and Johnston Island. (b) None of the standards in this part shall apply to working conditions of employees with respect to which Federal agencies other than the Department of Labor, or State agencies acting under section 274 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2021), exercise statutory authority to prescribe or enforce standards or regulations affecting occupational safety or health. (c)(1) If a particular standard is specifically applicable to a condition, practice, means, method, operation, or process, it shall prevail over any different general standard which might otherwise be applicable to the same condition, practice, means, method, operation, or process. For example, § 1915.23(c)(3) of this title prescribes personal protective equipment for certain ship repairmen working in specified areas. Such a standard shall apply, and shall not be deemed modified nor superseded by any different general standard whose provisions might otherwise be applicable, to the ship repairmen working in the areas specified in § 1915.23(c)(3). (2) On the other hand, any standard shall apply according to its terms to any employment and place of employment in any industry, even though particular standards are also prescribed for the industry, as in subpart B or subpart R of this part, to the extent that none of such particular standards applies. To illustrate, the general standard regarding noise exposure in § 1910.95 applies to employments and places of employment in pulp, paper, and paperboard mills covered by § 1910.261. (d) In the event a standard protects on its face a class of persons larger than … | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.1.33.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 1910.6 Incorporation by reference. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974] | (a)(1) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) must publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. (i) The standards of agencies of the U.S. Government, and organizations which are not agencies of the U.S. Government which are incorporated by reference in this part, have the same force and effect as other standards in this part. Only the mandatory provisions ( i.e., provisions containing the word “shall” or other mandatory language) of standards incorporated by reference are adopted as standards under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. (ii) Any changes in the standards incorporated by reference in this part and an official historic file of such changes are available for inspection in the Docket Office at the national office of OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210; telephone: 202-693-2350 (TTY number: 877-889-5627). (2) All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at OSHA and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). (i) Contact OSHA at any Regional Office of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), or at the OSHA Docket Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue NW, Room N-3508, Washington, DC 20210; telephone: 202-693-2350 (TTY number: 877-889-5627). (ii) For information on the availability of these standards at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations or email fr.inspection@nara.gov . (3) The IBR material may be obtained from the sources in the following paragraphs of this section or from one or more private resellers listed in this paragraph (a)(3). For material that is no longer commercially available, contact OSHA (see paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section). (i) Accuris S… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.1.33.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 1910.7 Definition and requirements for a nationally recognized testing laboratory. | OSHA | [53 FR 12120, Apr. 12, 1988; 53 FR 16838, May 11, 1988, as amended at 54 FR 24333, June 7, 1989; 65 FR 46818, 46819, July 31, 2000; 76 FR 10515, Feb. 25, 2011; 85 FR 8732, Feb. 18, 2020] | (a) Application. This section shall apply only when the term nationally recognized testing laboratory is used in other sections of this part. (b) Laboratory requirements. The term nationally recognized testing laboratory (NRTL) means an organization which is recognized by OSHA in accordance with appendix A of this section and which tests for safety, and lists or labels or accepts, equipment or materials and which meets all of the following criteria: (1) For each specified item of equipment or material to be listed, labeled or accepted, the NRTL has the capability (including proper testing equipment and facilities, trained staff, written testing procedures, and calibration and quality control programs) to perform: (i) Testing and examining of equipment and materials for workplace safety purposes to determine conformance with appropriate test standards; or (ii) Experimental testing and examining of equipment and materials for workplace safety purposes to determine conformance with appropriate test standards or performance in a specified manner. (2) The NRTL shall provide, to the extent needed for the particular equipment or materials listed, labeled, or accepted, the following controls or services: (i) Implements control procedures for identifying the listed and labeled equipment or materials; (ii) Inspects the run of production of such items at factories for product evaluation purposes to assure conformance with the test standards; and (iii) Conducts field inspections to monitor and to assure the proper use of its identifying mark or labels on products; (3) The NRTL is completely independent of employers subject to the tested equipment requirements, and of any manufacturers or vendors of equipment or materials being tested for these purposes; and, (4) The NRTL maintains effective procedures for: (i) Producing creditable findings or reports that are objective and without bias; and (ii) Handling complaints and disputes under a fair and reasonable system. (c) Test standards. An appropriate tes… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.1.33.8 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 1910.8 OMB control numbers under the Paperwork Reduction Act. | OSHA | [61 FR 5508, Feb. 13, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 29668, June 2, 1997; 62 FR 42666, Aug. 8, 1997; 62 FR 43581, Aug. 14, 1997; 62 FR 65203, Dec. 11, 1997; 63 FR 13340, Mar. 19, 1998; 63 FR 17093, Apr. 8, 1998; 71 FR 38086, July 5, 2006; 72 FR 40075, July 23, 2007; 81 FR 48710, July 26, 2016; 82 FR 31253, July 6, 2017; 83 FR 9702, Mar. 7, 2018] | The following sections or paragraphs each contain a collection of information requirement which has been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under the control number listed. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.1.33.9 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | A | Subpart A—General | § 1910.9 Compliance duties owed to each employee. | OSHA | [73 FR 75583, Dec. 12, 2008] | (a) Personal protective equipment. Standards in this part requiring the employer to provide personal protective equipment (PPE), including respirators and other types of PPE, because of hazards to employees impose a separate compliance duty with respect to each employee covered by the requirement. The employer must provide PPE to each employee required to use the PPE, and each failure to provide PPE to an employee may be considered a separate violation. (b) Training. Standards in this part requiring training on hazards and related matters, such as standards requiring that employees receive training or that the employer train employees, provide training to employees, or institute or implement a training program, impose a separate compliance duty with respect to each employee covered by the requirement. The employer must train each affected employee in the manner required by the standard, and each failure to train an employee may be considered a separate violation. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.10.34.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—General Environmental Controls | § 1910.141 Sanitation. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 18446, Apr. 28, 1975; 40 FR 23073, May 28, 1975; 43 FR 49748, Oct. 24, 1978; 63 FR 33466, June 18, 1998; 76 FR 33607, June 8, 2011] | (a) General —(1) Scope. This section applies to permanent places of employment. (2) Definitions applicable to this section. Nonwater carriage toilet facility, means a toilet facility not connected to a sewer. Number of employees means, unless otherwise specified, the maximum number of employees present at any one time on a regular shift. Personal service room, means a room used for activities not directly connected with the production or service function performed by the establishment. Such activities include, but are not limited to, first-aid, medical services, dressing, showering, toilet use, washing, and eating. Potable water means water that meets the standards for drinking purposes of the State or local authority having jurisdiction, or water that meets the quality standards prescribed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR 141). Toilet facility, means a fixture maintained within a toilet room for the purpose of defecation or urination, or both. Toilet room, means a room maintained within or on the premises of any place of employment, containing toilet facilities for use by employees. Toxic material means a material in concentration or amount which exceeds the applicable limit established by a standard, such as §§ 1910.1000 and 1910.1001 or, in the absence of an applicable standard, which is of such toxicity so as to constitute a recognized hazard that is causing or is likely to cause death or serious physical harm. Urinal means a toilet facility maintained within a toilet room for the sole purpose of urination. Water closet means a toilet facility maintained within a toilet room for the purpose of both defecation and urination and which is flushed with water. Wet process means any process or operation in a workroom which normally results in surfaces upon which employees may walk or stand becoming wet. (3) Housekeeping. (i) All places of employment shall be kept clean to the extent that the nature of the work allows. (ii)… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.10.34.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—General Environmental Controls | § 1910.142 Temporary labor camps. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 47 FR 14696, Apr. 6, 1982; 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984; 61 FR 9238, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 33466, June 18, 1998; 70 FR 1141, Jan. 5, 2005; 70 FR 53929, Sept. 13, 2005] | (a) Site. (1) All sites used for camps shall be adequately drained. They shall not be subject to periodic flooding, nor located within 200 feet of swamps, pools, sink holes, or other surface collections of water unless such quiescent water surfaces can be subjected to mosquito control measures. The camp shall be located so the drainage from and through the camp will not endanger any domestic or public water supply. All sites shall be graded, ditched, and rendered free from depressions in which water may become a nuisance. (2) All sites shall be adequate in size to prevent overcrowding of necessary structures. The principal camp area in which food is prepared and served and where sleeping quarters are located shall be at least 500 feet from any area in which livestock is kept. (3) The grounds and open areas surrounding the shelters shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition free from rubbish, debris, waste paper, garbage, or other refuse. (b) Shelter. (1) Every shelter in the camp shall be constructed in a manner which will provide protection against the elements. (2) Each room used for sleeping purposes shall contain at least 50 square feet of floor space for each occupant. At least a 7-foot ceiling shall be provided. (3) Beds, cots, or bunks, and suitable storage facilities such as wall lockers for clothing and personal articles shall be provided in every room used for sleeping purposes. Such beds or similar facilities shall be spaced not closer than 36 inches both laterally and end to end, and shall be elevated at least 12 inches from the floor. If double-deck bunks are used, they shall be spaced not less than 48 inches both laterally and end to end. The minimum clear space between the lower and upper bunk shall be not less than 27 inches. Triple-deck bunks are prohibited. (4) The floors of each shelter shall be constructed of wood, asphalt, or concrete. Wooden floors shall be of smooth and tight construction. The floors shall be kept in good repair. (5) All wooden floors shall be elevated… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.10.34.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—General Environmental Controls | § 1910.143 Nonwater carriage disposal systems. [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.10.34.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—General Environmental Controls | § 1910.144 Safety color code for marking physical hazards. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49748, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5322, Feb. 10, 1984; 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996; 72 FR 71069, Dec. 14, 2007] | (a) Color identification —(1) Red. Red shall be the basic color for the identification of: (i) Fire protection equipment and apparatus. [Reserved] (ii) Danger. Safety cans or other portable containers of flammable liquids having a flash point at or below 80 °F, table containers of flammable liquids (open cup tester), excluding shipping containers, shall be painted red with some additional clearly visible identification either in the form of a yellow band around the can or the name of the contents conspicuously stenciled or painted on the can in yellow. Red lights shall be provided at barricades and at temporary obstructions. Danger signs shall be painted red. (iii) Stop. Emergency stop bars on hazardous machines such as rubber mills, wire blocks, flat work ironers, etc., shall be red. Stop buttons or electrical switches which letters or other markings appear, used for emergency stopping of machinery shall be red. (2) [Reserved] (3) Yellow. Yellow shall be the basic color for designating caution and for marking physical hazards such as: Striking against, stumbling, falling, tripping, and “caught in between.” (b) [Reserved] | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.10.34.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—General Environmental Controls | § 1910.145 Specifications for accident prevention signs and tags. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49749, Oct. 24, 1978; 43 FR 51759, Nov. 7, 1978; 49 FR 5322, Feb. 10, 1984; 51 FR 33260, Sept. 19, 1986; 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996; 76 FR 24698, May 2, 2011; 76 FR 44265, July 25, 2011; 78 FR 35566, June 13, 2013] | (a) Scope. (1) These specifications apply to the design, application, and use of signs or symbols (as included in paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section) intended to indicate and, insofar as possible, to define specific hazards of a nature such that failure to designate them may lead to accidental injury to workers or the public, or both, or to property damage. These specifications are intended to cover all safety signs except those designed for streets, highways, and railroads. These specifications do not apply to plant bulletin boards or to safety posters. (2) All new signs and replacements of old signs shall be in accordance with these specifications. (b) Definitions. As used in this section, the word sign refers to a surface on prepared for the warning of, or safety instructions of, industrial workers or members of the public who may be exposed to hazards. Excluded from this definition, however, are news releases, displays commonly known as safety posters, and bulletins used for employee education. (c) Classification of signs according to use —(1) Danger signs. (i) There shall be no variation in the type of design of signs posted to warn of specific dangers and radiation hazards. (ii) All employees shall be instructed that danger signs indicate immediate danger and that special precautions are necessary. (2) Caution signs. (i) Caution signs shall be used only to warn against potential hazards or to caution against unsafe practices. (ii) All employees shall be instructed that caution signs indicate a possible hazard against which proper precaution should be taken. (3) Safety instruction signs. Safety instruction signs shall be used where there is a need for general instructions and suggestions relative to safety measures. (d) Sign design —(1) Design features. All signs shall be furnished with rounded or blunt corners and shall be free from sharp edges, burrs, splinters, or other sharp projections. The ends or heads of bolts or other fastening devices shall be located in such a way t… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.10.34.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—General Environmental Controls | § 1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces. | OSHA | [58 FR 4549, Jan. 14, 1993; 58 FR 34845, 34846, June 29, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 26114, May 19, 1994; 63 FR 66038, 66039, Dec. 1, 1998; 76 FR 80739, Dec. 27, 2011] | (a) Scope and application. This section contains requirements for practices and procedures to protect employees in general industry from the hazards of entry into permit-required confined spaces. This section does not apply to agriculture, to construction, or to shipyard employment (parts 1928, 1926, and 1915 of this chapter, respectively). (b) Definitions. Acceptable entry conditions means the conditions that must exist in a permit space to allow entry and to ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can safely enter into and work within the space. Attendant means an individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors the authorized entrants and who performs all attendant's duties assigned in the employer's permit space program. Authorized entrant means an employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a permit space. Blanking or blinding means the absolute closure of a pipe, line, or duct by the fastening of a solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) that completely covers the bore and that is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line, or duct with no leakage beyond the plate. Confined space means a space that: (1) Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and (2) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry.); and (3) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Double block and bleed means the closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves. Emergency means any occurrence (including any failure of hazard control or monitoring equipment) or event internal or external to the permit space that could endanger entrants. Engulfment means the surrounding and effective capture of … | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.10.34.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | J | Subpart J—General Environmental Controls | § 1910.147 The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout). | OSHA | [54 FR 36687, Sept. 1, 1989, as amended at 54 FR 42498, Oct. 17, 1989; 55 FR 38685, 38686, Sept. 20, 1990; 76 FR 24698, May 2, 2011; 76 FR 44265, July 25, 2011] | (a) Scope, application, and purpose —(1) Scope. (i) This standard covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the unexpected energization or start up of the machines or equipment, or release of stored energy could cause injury to employees. This standard establishes minimum performance requirements for the control of such hazardous energy. (ii) This standard does not cover the following: (A) Construction and agriculture employment; (B) Employment covered by parts 1915, 1917, and 1918 of this title; (C) Installations under the exclusive control of electric utilities for the purpose of power generation, transmission and distribution, including related equipment for communication or metering; (D) Exposure to electrical hazards from work on, near, or with conductors or equipment in electric-utilization installations, which is covered by subpart S of this part; and (E) Oil and gas well drilling and servicing. (2) Application. (i) This standard applies to the control of energy during servicing and/or maintenance of machines and equipment. (ii) Normal production operations are not covered by this standard (See subpart O of this part). Servicing and/or maintenance which takes place during normal production operations is covered by this standard only if;: (A) An employee is required to remove or bypass a guard or other safety device; or (B) An employee is required to place any part of his or her body into an area on a machine or piece of equipment where work is actually performed upon the material being processed (point of operation) or where an associated danger zone exists during a machine operating cycle. Exception to paragraph (a)(2)(ii): Minor tool changes and adjustments, and other minor servicing activities, which take place during normal production operations, are not covered by this standard if they are routine, repetitive, and integral to the use of the equipment for production, provided that the work is performed using alternative measures which provide effective p… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.11.34.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | K | Subpart K—Medical and First Aid | § 1910.151 Medical services and first aid. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 63 FR 33466, June 18, 1998; 70 FR 1141, Jan. 5, 2005; 76 FR 80739, Dec. 27, 2011] | (a) The employer shall ensure the ready availability of medical personnel for advice and consultation on matters of plant health. (b) In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, or hospital in near proximity to the workplace which is used for the treatment of all injured employees, a person or persons shall be adequately trained to render first aid. Adequate first aid supplies shall be readily available. (c) Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use. Appendix A to § 1910.151—First aid kits (Non-Mandatory) First aid supplies are required to be readily available under paragraph § 1910.151(b). An example of the minimal contents of a generic first aid kit is described in American National Standard (ANSI) Z308.1-1998 “Minimum Requirements for Workplace First-aid Kits.” The contents of the kit listed in the ANSI standard should be adequate for small worksites. When larger operations or multiple operations are being conducted at the same location, employers should determine the need for additional first aid kits at the worksite, additional types of first aid equipment and supplies and additional quantities and types of supplies and equipment in the first aid kits. In a similar fashion, employers who have unique or changing first-aid needs in their workplace may need to enhance their first-aid kits. The employer can use the OSHA 300 log, OSHA 301 log, or other reports to identify these unique problems. Consultation from the local fire/rescue department, appropriate medical professional, or local emergency room may be helpful to employers in these circumstances. By assessing the specific needs of their workplace, employers can ensure that reasonably anticipated supplies are available. Employers should assess the specific needs of their worksite periodically and augment the first aid kit appropriately. If it is reasonably anticipated … | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.11.34.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | K | Subpart K—Medical and First Aid | § 1910.152 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.34.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.155 Scope, application and definitions applicable to this subpart. | OSHA | [45 FR 60704, Sept. 12, 1980, as amended at 53 FR 12122, Apr. 12, 1988] | (a) Scope. This subpart contains requirements for fire brigades, and all portable and fixed fire suppression equipment, fire detection systems, and fire or employee alarm systems installed to meet the fire protection requirements of 29 CFR part 1910. (b) Application. This subpart applies to all employments except for maritime, construction, and agriculture. (c) Definitions applicable to this subpart —(1) After-flame means the time a test specimen continues to flame after the flame source has been removed. (2) Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) means a fluorinated surfactant with a foam stabilizer which is diluted with water to act as a temporary barrier to exclude air from mixing with the fuel vapor by developing an aqueous film on the fuel surface of some hydrocarbons which is capable of suppressing the generation of fuel vapors. (3) Approved means acceptable to the Assistant Secretary under the following criteria: (i) If it is accepted, or certified, or listed, or labeled or otherwise determined to be safe by a nationally recognized testing laboratory; or (ii) With respect to an installation or equipment of a kind which no nationally recognized testing laboratory accepts, certifies, lists, labels, or determines to be safe, if it is inspected or tested by another Federal agency and found in compliance with the provisions of the applicable National Fire Protection Association Fire Code; or (iii) With respect to custom-made equipment or related installations which are designed, fabricated for, and intended for use by its manufacturer on the basis of test data which the employer keeps and makes available for inspection to the Assistant Secretary. (iv) For the purposes of paragraph (c)(3) of this section: (A) Equipment is listed if it is of a kind mentioned in a list which is published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory which makes periodic inspections of the production of such equipment and which states that such equipment meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and fou… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.34.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.156 Fire brigades. | OSHA | [45 FR 60706, Sept. 12, 1980; 46 FR 24557, May 1, 1981; 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984; 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 1284, Jan. 8, 1998; 63 FR 33467, June 18, 1998; 73 FR 75584, Dec. 12, 2008] | (a) Scope and application —(1) Scope. This section contains requirements for the organization, training, and personal protective equipment of fire brigades whenever they are established by an employer. (2) Application. The requirements of this section apply to fire brigades, industrial fire departments and private or contractual type fire departments. Personal protective equipment requirements apply only to members of fire brigades performing interior structural fire fighting. The requirements of this section do not apply to airport crash rescue or forest fire fighting operations. (b) Organization —(1) Organizational statement. The employer shall prepare and maintain a statement or written policy which establishes the existence of a fire brigade; the basic organizational structure; the type, amount, and frequency of training to be provided to fire brigade members; the expected number of members in the fire brigade; and the functions that the fire brigade is to perform at the workplace. The organizational statement shall be available for inspection by the Assistant Secretary and by employees or their designated representatives. (2) Personnel. The employer shall assure that employees who are expected to do interior structural fire fighting are physically capable of performing duties which may be assigned to them during emergencies. The employer shall not permit employees with known heart disease, epilepsy, or emphysema, to participate in fire brigade emergency activities unless a physician's certificate of the employees' fitness to participate in such activities is provided. For employees assigned to fire brigades before September 15, 1980, this paragraph is effective on September 15, 1990. For employees assigned to fire brigades on or after September 15, 1980, this paragraph is effective December 15, 1980. (c) Training and education. (1) The employer shall provide training and education for all fire brigade members commensurate with those duties and functions that fire brigade members are expected … | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.34.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers. | OSHA | [45 FR 60708, Sept. 12, 1980; 46 FR 24557, May 1, 1981, as amended at 51 FR 34560, Sept. 29, 1986; 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996; 67 FR 67964, Nov. 7, 2002] | (a) Scope and application. The requirements of this section apply to the placement, use, maintenance, and testing of portable fire extinguishers provided for the use of employees. Paragraph (d) of this section does not apply to extinguishers provided for employee use on the outside of workplace buildings or structures. Where extinguishers are provided but are not intended for employee use and the employer has an emergency action plan and a fire prevention plan that meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.39 respectively, then only the requirements of paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section apply. (b) Exemptions. (1) Where the employer has established and implemented a written fire safety policy which requires the immediate and total evacuation of employees from the workplace upon the sounding of a fire alarm signal and which includes an emergency action plan and a fire prevention plan which meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.39 respectively, and when extinguishers are not available in the workplace, the employer is exempt from all requirements of this section unless a specific standard in part 1910 requires that a portable fire extinguisher be provided. (2) Where the employer has an emergency action plan meeting the requirements of § 1910.38 which designates certain employees to be the only employees authorized to use the available portable fire extinguishers, and which requires all other employees in the fire area to immediately evacuate the affected work area upon the sounding of the fire alarm, the employer is exempt from the distribution requirements in paragraph (d) of this section. (c) General requirements. (1) The employer shall provide portable fire extinguishers and shall mount, locate and identify them so that they are readily accessible to employees without subjecting the employees to possible injury. (2) Only approved portable fire extinguishers shall be used to meet the requirements of this section. (3) The employer shall not provide or make available in… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.34.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.158 Standpipe and hose systems. | OSHA | [45 FR 60710, Sept. 12, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996] | (a) Scope and application —(1) Scope. This section applies to all small hose, Class II, and Class III standpipe systems installed to meet the requirements of a particular OSHA standard. (2) Exception. This section does not apply to Class I standpipe systems. (b) Protection of standpipes. The employer shall assure that standpipes are located or otherwise protected against mechanical damage. Damaged standpipes shall be repaired promptly. (c) Equipment —(1) Reels and cabinets. Where reels or cabinets are provided to contain fire hose, the employer shall assure that they are designed to facilitate prompt use of the hose valves, the hose, and other equipment at the time of a fire or other emergency. The employer shall assure that the reels and cabinets are conspicuously identified and used only for fire equipment. (2) Hose outlets and connections. (i) The employer shall assure that hose outlets and connections are located high enough above the floor to avoid being obstructed and to be accessible to employees. (ii) The employer shall standardize screw threads or provide appropriate adapters throughout the system and assure that the hose connections are compatible with those used on the supporting fire equipment. (3) Hose. (i) The employer shall assure that every 1 1/2 ″ (3.8 cm) or smaller hose outlet used to meet this standard is equipped with hose connected and ready for use. In extremely cold climates where such installation may result in damaged equipment, the hose may be stored in another location provided it is readily available and can be connected when needed. (ii) Standpipe systems installed after January 1, 1981, for use by employees, shall be equipped with lined hose. Unlined hose may remain in use on existing systems. However, after the effective date of this standard, unlined hose which becomes unserviceable shall be replaced with lined hose. (iii) The employer shall provide hose of such length that friction loss resulting from water flowing through the hose will not decrease the pre… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.35.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.159 Automatic sprinkler systems. | OSHA | [45 FR 60710, Sept. 12, 1980; 46 FR 24557, May 1, 1981] | (a) Scope and application. (1) The requirements of this section apply to all automatic sprinkler systems installed to meet a particular OSHA standard. (2) For automatic sprinkler systems used to meet OSHA requirements and installed prior to the effective date of this standard, compliance with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) or the National Board of Fire Underwriters (NBFU) standard in effect at the time of the system's installation will be acceptable as compliance with this section. (b) Exemptions. Automatic sprinkler systems installed in workplaces, but not required by OSHA, are exempt from the requirements of this section. (c) General requirements —(1) Design. (i) All automatic sprinkler designs used to comply with this standard shall provide the necessary discharge patterns, densities, and water flow characteristics for complete coverage in a particular workplace or zoned subdivision of the workplace. (ii) The employer shall assure that only approved equipment and devices are used in the design and installation of automatic sprinkler systems used to comply with this standard. (2) Maintenance. The employer shall properly maintain an automatic sprinkler system installed to comply with this section. The employer shall assure that a main drain flow test is performed on each system annually. The inspector's test valve shall be opened at least every two years to assure that the sprinkler system operates properly. (3) Acceptance tests. The employer shall conduct proper acceptance tests on sprinkler systems installed for employee protection after January 1, 1981, and record the dates of such tests. Proper acceptance tests include the following: (i) Flushing of underground connections; (ii) Hydrostatic tests of piping in system; (iii) Air tests in dry-pipe systems; (iv) Dry-pipe valve operation; and (v) Test of drainage facilities. (4) Water supplies. The employer shall assure that every automatic sprinkler system is provided with at least one automatic water supply capable of p… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.35.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.160 Fixed extinguishing systems, general. | OSHA | [45 FR 60711, Sept. 12, 1980] | (a) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems installed to meet a particular OSHA standard except for automatic sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not installed to meet a particular OSHA standard, but which, by means of their operation, may expose employees to possible injury, death, or adverse health consequences caused by the extinguishing agent. Such systems are only subject to the requirements of paragraphs (b)(4) through (b)(7) and (c) of this section. (3) Systems otherwise covered in paragraph (a)(2) of this section which are installed in areas with no employee exposure are exempted from the requirements of this section. (b) General requirements. (1) Fixed extinguishing system components and agents shall be designed and approved for use on the specific fire hazards they are expected to control or extinguish. (2) If for any reason a fixed extinguishing system becomes inoperable, the employer shall notify employees and take the necessary temporary precautions to assure their safety until the system is restored to operating order. Any defects or impairments shall be properly corrected by trained personnel. (3) The employer shall provide a distinctive alarm or signaling system which complies with § 1910.165 and is capable of being perceived above ambient noise or light levels, on all extinguishing systems in those portions of the workplace covered by the extinguishing system to indicate when the extinguishing system is discharging. Discharge alarms are not required on systems where discharge is immediately recognizable. (4) The employer shall provide effective safeguards to warn employees against entry into discharge areas where the atmosphere remains hazardous to employee safety or health. (5) The employer shall post hazard warning or caution signs at the entrance to, and inside of, areas protected by fixed extinguishing systems which use agents in concentrations known to be hazardous to employee … | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.35.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.161 Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. | OSHA | [45 FR 60712, Sept. 12, 1980] | (a) Scope and application. This section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using dry chemical as the extinguishing agent, installed to meet a particular OSHA standard. These systems shall also comply with § 1910.160. (b) Specific requirements. (1) The employer shall assure that dry chemical agents are compatible with any foams or wetting agents with which they are used. (2) The employer may not mix together dry chemical extinguishing agents of different compositions. The employer shall assure that dry chemical systems are refilled with the chemical stated on the approval nameplate or an equivalent compatible material. (3) When dry chemical discharge may obscure vision, the employer shall provide a pre-discharge employee alarm which complies with § 1910.165 and which will give employees time to safely exit from the discharge area prior to system discharge. (4) The employer shall sample the dry chemical supply of all but stored pressure systems at least annually to assure that the dry chemical supply is free of moisture which may cause the supply to cake or form lumps. (5) The employer shall assure that the rate of application of dry chemicals is such that the designed concentration of the system will be reached within 30 seconds of initial discharge. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.35.8 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.162 Fixed extinguishing systems, gaseous agent. | OSHA | [45 FR 60712, Sept. 12, 1980; 46 FR 24557, May 1, 1981] | (a) Scope and application —(1) Scope. This section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using a gas as the extinguishing agent, installed to meet a particular OSHA standard. These systems shall also comply with § 1910.160. In some cases, the gas may be in a liquid state during storage. (2) Application. The requirements of paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(4) through (b)(6) shall apply only to total flooding systems. (b) Specific requirements. (1) Agents used for initial supply and replenishment shall be of the type approved for the system's application. Carbon dioxide obtained by dry ice conversion to liquid is not acceptable unless it is processed to remove excess water and oil. (2) Except during overhaul, the employer shall assure that the designed concentration of gaseous agents is maintained until the fire has been extinguished or is under control. (3) The employer shall assure that employees are not exposed to toxic levels of gaseous agent or its decomposition products. (4) The employer shall assure that the designed extinguishing concentration is reached within 30 seconds of initial discharge except for Halon systems which must achieve design concentration within 10 seconds. (5) The employer shall provide a distinctive pre-discharge employee alarm capable of being perceived above ambient light or noise levels when agent design concentrations exceed the maximum safe level for employee exposure. A pre-discharge employee alarm for alerting employees before system discharge shall be provided on Halon 1211 and carbon dioxide systems with a design concentration of 4 percent or greater and for Halon 1301 systems with a design concentration of 10 percent or greater. The pre-discharge employee alarm shall provide employees time to safely exit the discharge area prior to system discharge. (6)(i) Where egress from an area cannot be accomplished within one minute, the employer shall not use Halon 1301 in concentrations greater than 7 percent. (ii) Where egress takes greater than 30 seconds but less than o… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.35.9 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.163 Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam. | OSHA | [45 FR 60712, Sept. 12, 1980] | (a) Scope and application. This section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using water or foam solution as the extinguishing agent, installed to meet a particular OSHA standard. These systems shall also comply with § 1910.160. This section does not apply to automatic sprinkler systems which are covered under § 1910.159. (b) Specific requirements. (1) The employer shall assure that foam and water spray systems are designed to be effective in at least controlling fire in the protected area or on protected equipment. (2) The employer shall assure that drainage of water spray systems is directed away from areas where employees are working and that no emergency egress is permitted through the drainage path. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.36.10 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.164 Fire detection systems. | OSHA | [45 FR 60713, Sept. 12, 1980] | (a) Scope and application. This section applies to all automatic fire detection systems installed to meet the requirements of a particular OSHA standard. (b) Installation and restoration. (1) The employer shall assure that all devices and equipment constructed and installed to comply with this standard are approved for the purpose for which they are intended. (2) The employer shall restore all fire detection systems and components to normal operating condition as promptly as possible after each test or alarm. Spare detection devices and components which are normally destroyed in the process of detecting fires shall be available on the premises or from a local supplier in sufficient quantities and locations for prompt restoration of the system. (c) Maintenance and testing. (1) The employer shall maintain all systems in an operable condition except during repairs or maintenance. (2) The employer shall assure that fire detectors and fire detection systems are tested and adjusted as often as needed to maintain proper reliability and operating condition except that factory calibrated detectors need not be adjusted after installation. (3) The employer shall assure that pneumatic and hydraulic operated detection systems installed after January 1, 1981, are equipped with supervised systems. (4) The employer shall assure that the servicing, maintenance and testing of fire detection systems, including cleaning and necessary sensitivity adjustments are performed by a trained person knowledgeable in the operations and functions of the system. (5) The employer shall also assure that fire detectors that need to be cleaned of dirt, dust, or other particulates in order to be fully operational are cleaned at regular periodic intervals. (d) Protection of fire detectors. (1) The employer shall assure that fire detection equipment installed outdoors or in the presence of corrosive atmospheres be protected from corrosion. The employer shall provide a canopy, hood, or other suitable protection for detection equipment r… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.12.36.11 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | L | Subpart L—Fire Protection | § 1910.165 Employee alarm systems. | OSHA | [45 FR 60713, Sept. 12, 1980] | (a) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to all emergency employee alarms installed to meet a particular OSHA standard. This section does not apply to those discharge or supervisory alarms required on various fixed extinguishing systems or to supervisory alarms on fire suppression, alarm or detection systems unless they are intended to be employee alarm systems. (2) The requirements in this section that pertain to maintenance, testing and inspection shall apply to all local fire alarm signaling systems used for alerting employees regardless of the other functions of the system. (3) All pre-discharge employee alarms installed to meet a particular OSHA standard shall meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4), (c), and (d)(1) of this section. (b) General requirements. (1) The employee alarm system shall provide warning for necessary emergency action as called for in the emergency action plan, or for reaction time for safe escape of employees from the workplace or the immediate work area, or both. (2) The employee alarm shall be capable of being perceived above ambient noise or light levels by all employees in the affected portions of the workplace. Tactile devices may be used to alert those employees who would not otherwise be able to recognize the audible or visual alarm. (3) The employee alarm shall be distinctive and recognizable as a signal to evacuate the work area or to perform actions designated under the emergency action plan. (4) The employer shall explain to each employee the preferred means of reporting emergencies, such as manual pull box alarms, public address systems, radio or telephones. The employer shall post emergency telephone numbers near telephones, or employee notice boards, and other conspicuous locations when telephones serve as a means of reporting emergencies. Where a communication system also serves as the employee alarm system, all emergency messages shall have priority over all non-emergency messages. (5) The employer shall establish procedures for soun… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.13.37.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | M | Subpart M—Compressed Gas and Compressed Air Equipment | §§ 1910.166-1910.168 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.13.37.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | M | Subpart M—Compressed Gas and Compressed Air Equipment | § 1910.169 Air receivers. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 49 FR 5322, Feb. 10, 1984; 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996] | (a) General requirements —(1) Application. This section applies to compressed air receivers, and other equipment used in providing and utilizing compressed air for performing operations such as cleaning, drilling, hoisting, and chipping. On the other hand, however, this section does not deal with the special problems created by using compressed air to convey materials nor the problems created when men work in compressed air as in tunnels and caissons. This section is not intended to apply to compressed air machinery and equipment used on transportation vehicles such as steam railroad cars, electric railway cars, and automotive equipment. (2) New and existing equipment. (i) All new air receivers installed after the effective date of these regulations shall be constructed in accordance with the 1968 edition of the A.S.M.E. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, which is incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6. (ii) All safety valves used shall be constructed, installed, and maintained in accordance with the A.S.M.E. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII Edition 1968. (b) Installation and equipment requirements —(1) Installation. Air receivers shall be so installed that all drains, handholes, and manholes therein are easily accessible. Under no circumstances shall an air receiver be buried underground or located in an inaccessible place. (2) Drains and traps. A drain pipe and valve shall be installed at the lowest point of every air receiver to provide for the removal of accumulated oil and water. Adequate automatic traps may be installed in addition to drain valves. The drain valve on the air receiver shall be opened and the receiver completely drained frequently and at such intervals as to prevent the accumulation of excessive amounts of liquid in the receiver. (3) Gages and valves. (i) Every air receiver shall be equipped with an indicating pressure gage (so located as to be readily visible) and with one or more spring-loaded safety valves. The total relieving capacity o… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.14.37.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | N | Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage | § 1910.176 Handling materials—general. | OSHA | [39 FR 23052, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49749, Oct. 24, 1978] | (a) Use of mechanical equipment. Where mechanical handling equipment is used, sufficient safe clearances shall be allowed for aisles, at loading docks, through doorways and wherever turns or passage must be made. Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear and in good repair, with no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard. Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked. (b) Secure storage. Storage of material shall not create a hazard. Bags, containers, bundles, etc., stored in tiers shall be stacked, blocked, interlocked and limited in height so that they are stable and secure against sliding or collapse. (c) Housekeeping. Storage areas shall be kept free from accumulation of materials that constitute hazards from tripping, fire, explosion, or pest harborage. Vegetation control will be exercised when necessary. (d) [Reserved] (e) Clearance limits. Clearance signs to warn of clearance limits shall be provided. (f) Rolling railroad cars. Derail and/or bumper blocks shall be provided on spur railroad tracks where a rolling car could contact other cars being worked, enter a building, work or traffic area. (g) Guarding. Covers and/or guardrails shall be provided to protect personnel from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, etc. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.14.37.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | N | Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage | § 1910.177 Servicing multi-piece and single piece rim wheels. | OSHA | [49 FR 4350, Feb. 3, 1984, as amended at 52 FR 36026, Sept. 25, 1987; 53 FR 34737, Sept. 8, 1988; 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996; 76 FR 24698, May 2, 2011; 76 FR 80739, Dec. 27, 2011] | (a) Scope. (1) This section applies to the servicing of multi-piece and single piece rim wheels used on large vehicles such as trucks, tractors, trailers, buses and off-road machines. It does not apply to the servicing of rim wheels used on automobiles, or on pickup trucks and vans utilizing automobile tires or truck tires designated “LT”. (2) This section does not apply to employers and places of employment regulated under the Longshoring Standards, 29 CFR part 1918; Construction Safety Standards, 29 CFR part 1926; or Agriculture Standards, 29 CFR part 1928. (3) All provisions of this section apply to the servicing of both single piece rim wheels and multi-piece rim wheels unless designated otherwise. (b) Definitions. Barrier means a fence, wall or other structure or object placed between a single piece rim wheel and an employee during tire inflation, to contain the rim wheel components in the event of the sudden release of the contained air of the single piece rim wheel. Charts means the U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration publications entitled “Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Tube-Type Truck and Bus Tires,” “Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Tubeless Truck and Bus Tires,” and “Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart.” These charts may be in manual or poster form. OSHA also will accept any other manual or poster that provides at least the same instructions, safety precautions, and other information contained in these publications, which is applicable to the types of wheels the employer is servicing. Installing a rim wheel means the transfer and attachment of an assembled rim wheel onto a vehicle axle hub. Removing means the opposite of installing. Mounting a tire means the assembly or putting together of the wheel and tire components to form a rim wheel, including inflation. Demounting means the opposite of mounting. Multi-piece rim wheel means the assemblage of a multi-piece wheel with the tire tube and other components. Multi-piece wheel means a vehi… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.14.37.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | N | Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage | § 1910.178 Powered industrial trucks. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 23073, May 28, 1975; 43 FR 49749, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5322, Feb. 10, 1984; 53 FR 12122, Apr. 12, 1988; 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 66270, Dec. 1, 1998; 68 FR 32638, June 2, 2003; 71 FR 16672, Apr. 3, 2006; 81 FR 83005, Nov. 18, 2016] | (a) General requirements. (1) This section contains safety requirements relating to fire protection, design, maintenance, and use of fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and other specialized industrial trucks powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines. This section does not apply to compressed air or nonflammable compressed gas-operated industrial trucks, nor to farm vehicles, nor to vehicles intended primarily for earth moving or over-the-road hauling. (2) All new powered industrial trucks acquired and used by an employer shall meet the design and construction requirements for powered industrial trucks established in the “American National Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks, Part II, ANSI B56.1-1969”, which is incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6, except for vehicles intended primarily for earth moving or over-the-road hauling. (3) Approved trucks shall bear a label or some other identifying mark indicating approval by the testing laboratory. See paragraph (a)(7) of this section and paragraph 405 of “American National Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks, Part II, ANSI B56.1-1969”, which is incorporated by reference in paragraph (a)(2) of this section and which provides that if the powered industrial truck is accepted by a nationally recognized testing laboratory it should be so marked. (4) Modifications and additions which affect capacity and safe operation shall not be performed by the customer or user without manufacturers prior written approval. Capacity, operation, and maintenance instruction plates, tags, or decals shall be changed accordingly. (5) If the truck is equipped with front-end attachments other than factory installed attachments, the user shall request that the truck be marked to identify the attachments and show the approximate weight of the truck and attachment combination at maximum elevation with load laterally centered. (6) The user shall see that all nameplates and markings are in place and are maintained in a legibl… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.14.37.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | N | Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage | § 1910.179 Overhead and gantry cranes. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 27400, June 27, 1975; 49 FR 5322, Feb. 10, 1984; 51 FR 34560, Sept. 29, 1986; 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996; 81 FR 83005, Nov. 18, 2016] | (a) Definitions applicable to this section. (1) A crane is a machine for lifting and lowering a load and moving it horizontally, with the hoisting mechanism an integral part of the machine. Cranes whether fixed or mobile are driven manually or by power. (2) An automatic crane is a crane which when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles. (3) A cab-operated crane is a crane controlled by an operator in a cab located on the bridge or trolley. (4) Cantilever gantry crane means a gantry or semigantry crane in which the bridge girders or trusses extend transversely beyond the crane runway on one or both sides. (5) Floor-operated crane means a crane which is pendant or nonconductive rope controlled by an operator on the floor or an independent platform. (6) Gantry crane means a crane similar to an overhead crane except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway. (7) Hot metal handling crane means an overhead crane used for transporting or pouring molten material. (8) Overhead crane means a crane with a movable bridge carrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead fixed runway structure. (9) Power-operated crane means a crane whose mechanism is driven by electric, air, hydraulic, or internal combustion means. (10) A pulpit-operated crane is a crane operated from a fixed operator station not attached to the crane. (11) A remote-operated crane is a crane controlled by an operator not in a pulpit or in the cab attached to the crane, by any method other than pendant or rope control. (12) A semigantry crane is a gantry crane with one end of the bridge rigidly supported on one or more legs that run on a fixed rail or runway, the other end of the bridge being supported by a truck running on an elevated rail or runway. (13) Storage bridge crane means a gantry type crane of long span usually used for bulk storage of material; the bridge girders or trusses are r… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.14.37.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | N | Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage | § 1910.180 Crawler locomotive and truck cranes. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 51 FR 34561, Sept. 29, 1986; 53 FR 12122, Apr. 12, 1988; 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 61 FR 9239, Mar. 7, 1996] | (a) Definitions applicable to this section. (1) A crawler crane consists of a rotating superstructure with power plant, operating machinery, and boom, mounted on a base, equipped with crawler treads for travel. Its function is to hoist and swing loads at various radii. (2) A locomotive crane consists of a rotating superstructure with power-plant, operating machinery and boom, mounted on a base or car equipped for travel on railroad track. It may be self-propelled or propelled by an outside source. Its function is to hoist and swing loads at various radii. (3) A truck crane consists of a rotating superstructure with powerplant, operating machinery and boom, mounted on an automotive truck equipped with a powerplant for travel. Its function is to hoist and swing loads at various radii. (4) A wheel mounted crane (wagon crane) consists of a rotating superstructure with powerplant, operating machinery and boom, mounted on a base or platform equipped with axles and rubber-tired wheels for travel. The base is usually propelled by the engine in the superstructure, but it may be equipped with a separate engine controlled from the superstructure. Its function is to hoist and swing loads at various radii. (5) An accessory is a secondary part or assembly of parts which contributes to the overall function and usefulness of a machine. (6) Appointed means assigned specific responsibilities by the employer or the employer's representative. (7) ANSI means the American National Standards Institute. (8) An angle indicator (boom) is an accessory which measures the angle of the boom to the horizontal. (9) The axis of rotation is the vertical axis around which the crane superstructure rotates. (10) Axle means the shaft or spindle with which or about which a wheel rotates. On truck- and wheel-mounted cranes it refers to an automotive type of axle assembly including housings, gearing, differential, bearings, and mounting appurtenances. (11) Axle (bogie) means two or more automotive-type axles mounted in … | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.14.37.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | N | Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage | § 1910.181 Derricks. | OSHA | [37 FR 22102, Oct. 18, 1972, as amended at 38 FR 14373, June 1, 1973; 43 FR 49750, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 51 FR 34561, Sept. 29, 1986; 53 FR 12122, Apr. 12, 1988; 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996] | (a) Definitions applicable to this section. (1) A derrick is an apparatus consisting of a mast or equivalent member held at the head by guys or braces, with or without a boom, for use with a hoisting mechanism and operating ropes. (2) A-frame derrick means a derrick in which the boom is hinged from a cross member between the bottom ends of two upright members spread apart at the lower ends and joined at the top; the boom point secured to the junction of the side members, and the side members are braced or guyed from this junction point. (3) A basket derrick is a derrick without a boom, similar to a gin pole, with its base supported by ropes attached to corner posts or other parts of the structure. The base is at a lower elevation than its supports. The location of the base of a basket derrick can be changed by varying the length of the rope supports. The top of the pole is secured with multiple reeved guys to position the top of the pole to the desired location by varying the length of the upper guy lines. The load is raised and lowered by ropes through a sheave or block secured to the top of the pole. (4) Breast derrick means a derrick without boom. The mast consists of two side members spread farther apart at the base than at the top and tied together at top and bottom by rigid members. The mast is prevented from tipping forward by guys connected to its top. The load is raised and lowered by ropes through a sheave or block secured to the top crosspiece. (5) Chicago boom derrick means a boom which is attached to a structure, an outside upright member of the structure serving as the mast, and the boom being stepped in a fixed socket clamped to the upright. The derrick is complete with load, boom, and boom point swing line falls. (6) A gin pole derrick is a derrick without a boom. Its guys are so arranged from its top as to permit leaning the mast in any direction. The load is raised and lowered by ropes reeved through sheaves or blocks at the top of the mast. (7) Guy derrick means a fixed de… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.14.37.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | N | Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage | § 1910.183 Helicopters. | OSHA | [40 FR 13440, Mar. 26, 1975, as amended at 63 FR 33467, June 18, 1998] | (a) [Reserved] (b) Briefing. Prior to each day's operation a briefing shall be conducted. This briefing shall set forth the plan of operation for the pilot and ground personnel. (c) Slings and tag lines. Loads shall be properly slung. Tag lines shall be of a length that will not permit their being drawn up into the rotors. Pressed sleeve, swedged eyes, or equivalent means shall be used for all freely suspended loads to prevent hand splices from spinning open or cable clamps from loosening. (d) Cargo hooks. All electrically operated cargo hooks shall have the electrical activating device so designed and installed as to prevent inadvertent operation. In addition, these cargo hooks shall be equipped with an emergency mechanical control for releasing the load. The employer shall ensure that the hooks are tested prior to each day's operation by a competent person to determine that the release functions properly, both electrically and mechanically. (e) Personal protective equipment. (1) Personal protective equipment shall be provided and the employer shall ensure its use by employees receiving the load. Personal protective equipment shall consist of complete eye protection and hardhats secured by chinstraps. (2) Loose-fitting clothing likely to flap in rotor downwash, and thus be snagged on the hoist line, may not be worn. (f) Loose gear and objects. The employer shall take all necessary precautions to protect employees from flying objects in the rotor downwash. All loose gear within 100 feet of the place of lifting the load or depositing the load, or within all other areas susceptible to rotor downwash, shall be secured or removed. (g) Housekeeping. Good housekeeping shall be maintained in all helicopter loading and unloading areas. (h) Load safety. The size and weight of loads, and the manner in which loads are connected to the helicopter shall be checked. A lift may not be made if the helicopter operator believes the lift cannot be made safely. (i) Hooking and unhooking loads. When employees… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.14.37.8 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | N | Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage | § 1910.184 Slings. | OSHA | [40 FR 27369, June 27, 1975, as amended at 40 FR 31598, July 28, 1975; 41 FR 13353, Mar. 30, 1976; 58 FR 35309, June 30, 1993; 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996; 76 FR 33607, June 8, 2011; 84 FR 15105, Apr. 15, 2019] | (a) Scope. This section applies to slings used in conjunction with other material handling equipment for the movement of material by hoisting, in employments covered by this part. The types of slings covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope (conventional three strand construction), and synthetic web (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene). (b) Definitions. Angle of loading is the inclination of a leg or branch of a sling measured from the horizontal or vertical plane as shown in Fig. N-184-5; provided that an angle of loading of five degrees or less from the vertical may be considered a vertical angle of loading. Basket hitch is a sling configuration whereby the sling is passed under the load and has both ends, end attachments, eyes or handles on the hook or a single master link. Braided wire rope is a wire rope formed by plaiting component wire ropes. Bridle wire rope sling is a sling composed of multiple wire rope legs with the top ends gathered in a fitting that goes over the lifting hook. Cable laid endless sling-mechanical joint is a wire rope sling made endless by joining the ends of a single length of cable laid rope with one or more metallic fittings. Cable laid grommet-hand tucked is an endless wire rope sling made from one length of rope wrapped six times around a core formed by hand tucking the ends of the rope inside the six wraps. Cable laid rope is a wire rope composed of six wire ropes wrapped around a fiber or wire rope core. Cable laid rope sling-mechanical joint is a wire rope sling made from a cable laid rope with eyes fabricated by pressing or swaging one or more metal sleeves over the rope junction. Choker hitch is a sling configuration with one end of the sling passing under the load and through an end attachment, handle or eye on the other end of the sling. Coating is an elastomer or other suitable material applied to a sling or to a sling component to impart desirable properties. Cross rod is a wire used to… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.15.37.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | O | Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding | § 1910.211 Definitions. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 39 FR 41846, Dec. 3, 1974; 53 FR 8353, Mar. 14, 1988] | (a) As used in §§ 1910.213 and 1910.214 unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the following woodworking machinery terms shall have the meaning prescribed in this paragraph. (1) Point of operations means that point at which cutting, shaping, boring, or forming is accomplished upon the stock. (2) Push stick means a narrow strip of wood or other soft material with a notch cut into one end and which is used to push short pieces of material through saws. (3) Block means a short block of wood, provided with a handle similar to that of a plane and a shoulder at the rear end, which is used for pushing short stock over revolving cutters. (b) As used in § 1910.215 unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the following abrasive wheel machinery terms shall have the meanings prescribed in this paragraph. (1) Type 1 straight wheels means wheels having diameter, thickness, and hole size dimensions, and they should be used only on the periphery. Type 1 wheels shall be mounted between flanges. Limitation: Hole dimension (H) should not be greater than two-thirds of wheel diameter dimension (D) for precision, cylindrical, centerless, or surface grinding applications. Maximum hole size for all other applications should not exceed one-half wheel diameter. Limitation: Hole dimension (H) should not be greater than two-thirds of wheel diameter dimension (D) for precision, cylindrical, centerless, or surface grinding applications. Maximum hole size for all other applications should not exceed one-half wheel diameter. (2) Type 2 cylinder wheels means wheels having diameter, wheel thickness, and rim thickness dimensions. Grinding is performed on the rim face only, dimension W. Cylinder wheels may be plain, plate mounted, inserted nut, or of the projecting stud type. Limitation: Rim height, T dimension, is generally equal to or greater than rim thickness, W dimension. Limitation: Rim height, T dimension, is generally equal to or greater than rim thickness, W dimension. Side grinding wheel having a dia… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.15.37.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | O | Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding | § 1910.212 General requirements for all machines. | OSHA | (a) Machine guarding —(1) Types of guarding. One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks. Examples of guarding methods are—barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, etc. (2) General requirements for machine guards. Guards shall be affixed to the machine where possible and secured elsewhere if for any reason attachment to the machine is not possible. The guard shall be such that it does not offer an accident hazard in itself. (3) Point of operation guarding. (i) Point of operation is the area on a machine where work is actually performed upon the material being processed. (ii) The point of operation of machines whose operation exposes an employee to injury, shall be guarded. The guarding device shall be in conformity with any appropriate standards therefor, or, in the absence of applicable specific standards, shall be so designed and constructed as to prevent the operator from having any part of his body in the danger zone during the operating cycle. (iii) Special handtools for placing and removing material shall be such as to permit easy handling of material without the operator placing a hand in the danger zone. Such tools shall not be in lieu of other guarding required by this section, but can only be used to supplement protection provided. (iv) The following are some of the machines which usually require point of operation guarding: ( a ) Guillotine cutters. ( b ) Shears. ( c ) Alligator shears. ( d ) Power presses. ( e ) Milling machines. ( f ) Power saws. ( g ) Jointers. ( h ) Portable power tools. ( i ) Forming rolls and calenders. (4) Barrels, containers, and drums. Revolving drums, barrels, and containers shall be guarded by an enclosure which is interlocked with the drive mechanism, so that the barrel, drum, or container cannot revolve unless the guard enclosur… | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.15.37.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | O | Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding | § 1910.213 Woodworking machinery requirements. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49750, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984] | (a) Machine construction general. (1) Each machine shall be so constructed as to be free from sensible vibration when the largest size tool is mounted and run idle at full speed. (2) Arbors and mandrels shall be constructed so as to have firm and secure bearing and be free from play. (3) [Reserved] (4) Any automatic cutoff saw that strokes continuously without the operator being able to control each stroke shall not be used. (5) Saw frames or tables shall be constructed with lugs cast on the frame or with an equivalent means to limit the size of the saw blade that can be mounted, so as to avoid overspeed caused by mounting a saw larger than intended. (6) Circular saw fences shall be so constructed that they can be firmly secured to the table or table assembly without changing their alignment with the saw. For saws with tilting tables or tilting arbors the fence shall be so constructed that it will remain in a line parallel with the saw, regardless of the angle of the saw with the table. (7) Circular saw gages shall be so constructed as to slide in grooves or tracks that are accurately machined, to insure exact alignment with the saw for all positions of the guide. (8) Hinged saw tables shall be so constructed that the table can be firmly secured in any position and in true alignment with the saw. (9) All belts, pulleys, gears, shafts, and moving parts shall be guarded in accordance with the specific requirements of § 1910.219. (10) It is recommended that each power-driven woodworking machine be provided with a disconnect switch that can be locked in the off position. (11) The frames and all exposed, noncurrent-carrying metal parts of portable electric woodworking machinery operated at more than 90 volts to ground shall be grounded and other portable motors driving electric tools which are held in the hand while being operated shall be grounded if they operate at more than 90 volts to ground. The ground shall be provided through use of a separate ground wire and polarized plug and receptacle. (12) For… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.15.37.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | O | Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding | § 1910.214 Cooperage machinery. [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.15.37.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | O | Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding | § 1910.215 Abrasive wheel machinery. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49750, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996] | (a) General requirements —(1) Machine guarding. Abrasive wheels shall be used only on machines provided with safety guards as defined in the following paragraphs of this section, except: (i) Wheels used for internal work while within the work being ground; (ii) Mounted wheels, used in portable operations, 2 inches and smaller in diameter; and (iii) Types 16, 17, 18, 18R, and 19 cones, plugs, and threaded hole pot balls where the work offers protection. (2) Guard design. The safety guard shall cover the spindle end, nut, and flange projections. The safety guard shall be mounted so as to maintain proper alignment with the wheel, and the strength of the fastenings shall exceed the strength of the guard, except: (i) Safety guards on all operations where the work provides a suitable measure of protection to the operator, may be so constructed that the spindle end, nut, and outer flange are exposed; and where the nature of the work is such as to entirely cover the side of the wheel, the side covers of the guard may be omitted; and (ii) The spindle end, nut, and outer flange may be exposed on machines designed as portable saws. (3) Flanges. Grinding machines shall be equipped with flanges in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (4) Work rests. On offhand grinding machines, work rests shall be used to support the work. They shall be of rigid construction and designed to be adjustable to compensate for wheel wear. Work rests shall be kept adjusted closely to the wheel with a maximum opening of one-eighth inch to prevent the work from being jammed between the wheel and the rest, which may cause wheel breakage. The work rest shall be securely clamped after each adjustment. The adjustment shall not be made with the wheel in motion. (5) Excluded machinery. Natural sandstone wheels and metal, wooden, cloth, or paper discs, having a layer of abrasive on the surface are not covered by this section. (b) Guarding of abrasive wheel machinery —(1) Cup wheels. Cup wheels (Types 6 and 11) shall be pro… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.15.37.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | O | Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding | § 1910.216 Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996] | (a) General requirements — (1)-(2) [Reserved] (3) Auxiliary equipment. Mechanical and electrical equipment and auxiliaries shall be installed in accordance with this section and subpart S of this part. (4) Mill roll heights. All new mill installations shall be installed so that the top of the operating rolls is not less than 50 inches above the level on which the operator stands, irrespective of the size of the mill. This distance shall apply to the actual working level, whether it be at the general floor level, in a pit, or on a platform. (b) Mill safety controls —(1) Safety trip control. A safety trip control shall be provided in front and in back of each mill. It shall be accessible and shall operate readily on contact. The safety trip control shall be one of the following types or a combination thereof: (i) Pressure-sensitive body bars. Installed at front and back of each mill having a 46-inch roll height or over. These bars shall operate readily by pressure of the mill operator's body. (ii) Safety triprod. Installed in the front and in the back of each mill and located within 2 inches of a vertical plane tangent to the front and rear rolls. The top rods shall be not more than 72 inches above the level on which the operator stands. The triprods shall be accessible and shall operate readily whether the rods are pushed or pulled. (iii) Safety tripwire cable or wire center cord. Installed in the front and in the back of each mill and located within 2 inches of a vertical plane tangent to the front and rear rolls. The cables shall not be more than 72 inches above the level on which the operator stands. The tripwire cable or wire center cord shall operate readily whether cable or cord is pushed or pulled. (2) [Reserved] (3) Auxiliary equipment. All auxiliary equipment such as mill divider, support bars, spray pipes, feed conveyors, strip knives, etc., shall be located in such a manner as to avoid interference with access to and operation of safety devices. (c) Calender safety controls —(… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.15.37.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | O | Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding | § 1910.217 Mechanical power presses. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 39 FR 41846, Dec. 3, 1974; 40 FR 3982, Jan. 27, 1975; 43 FR 49750, Oct. 24, 1978; 45 FR 8594, Feb. 8, 1980; 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984; 51 FR 34561, Sept. 29, 1986; 53 FR 8353, 8358 Mar. 14, 1988; 54 FR 24333, June 7, 1989; 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996; 69 FR 31882, June 8, 2004; 76 FR 80739, Dec. 27, 2011; 77 FR 46949, Aug. 7, 2012; 78 FR 69550, Nov. 20, 2013] | (a) General requirements. (1)-(3) [Reserved] (4) Reconstruction and modification. It shall be the responsibility of any person reconstructing, or modifying a mechanical power press to do so in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. (5) Excluded machines. Press brakes, hydraulic and pneumatic power presses, bulldozers, hot bending and hot metal presses, forging presses and hammers, riveting machines and similar types of fastener applicators are excluded from the requirements of this section. (b) Mechanical power press guarding and construction, general —(1) Hazards to personnel associated with broken or falling machine components. Machine components shall be designed, secured, or covered to minimize hazards caused by breakage, or loosening and falling or release of mechanical energy (i.e. broken springs). (2) Brakes. Friction brakes provided for stopping or holding a slide movement shall be inherently self-engaging by requiring power or force from an external source to cause disengagement. Brake capacity shall be sufficient to stop the motion of the slide quickly and capable of holding the slide and its attachments at any point in its travel. (3) Machines using full revolution positive clutches. (i) Machines using full revolution clutches shall incorporate a single-stroke mechanism. (ii) If the single-stroke mechanism is dependent upon spring action, the spring(s) shall be of the compression type, operating on a rod or guided within a hole or tube, and designed to prevent interleaving of the spring coils in event of breakage. (4) Foot pedals (treadle). (i) The pedal mechanism shall be protected to prevent unintended operation from falling or moving objects or by accidental stepping onto the pedal. (ii) A pad with a nonslip contact area shall be firmly attached to the pedal. (iii) The pedal return spring(s) shall be of the compression type, operating on a rod or guided within a hole or tube, or designed to prevent interleaving of spring coils in event of breakage. (iv) If pedal coun… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.15.37.8 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | O | Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding | § 1910.218 Forging machines. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 51 FR 34561, Sept. 29, 1986; 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996] | (a) General requirements —(1) Use of lead. The safety requirements of this subparagraph apply to lead casts or other use of lead in the forge shop or die shop. (i) Thermostatic control of heating elements shall be provided to maintain proper melting temperature and prevent overheating. (ii) Fixed or permanent lead pot installations shall be exhausted. (iii) Portable units shall be used only in areas where good, general room ventilation is provided. (iv) Personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, aprons, and other items) shall be worn. (v) A covered container shall be provided to store dross skimmings. (vi) Equipment shall be kept clean, particularly from accumulations of yellow lead oxide. (2) Inspection and maintenance. It shall be the responsibility of the employer to maintain all forge shop equipment in a condition which will insure continued safe operation. This responsibility includes: (i) Establishing periodic and regular maintenance safety checks and keeping certification records of these inspections which include the date of inspection, the signature of the person who performed the inspection and the serial number, or other identifier, for the forging machine which was inspected. (ii) Scheduling and recording the inspection of guards and point of operation protection devices at frequent and regular intervals. Recording of inspections shall be in the form of a certification record which includes the date the inspection was performed, the signature of the person who performed the inspection and the serial number, or other identifier, of the equipment inspected. (iii) Training personnel for the proper inspection and maintenance of forging machinery and equipment. (iv) All overhead parts shall be fastened or protected in such a manner that they will not fly off or fall in event of failure. (3) Hammers and presses. (i) All hammers shall be positioned or installed in such a manner that they remain on or are anchored to foundations sufficient to support them according to applicable engine… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.15.37.9 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | O | Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding | § 1910.219 Mechanical power-transmission apparatus. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49750, Oct. 24, 1978; 43 FR 51760; Nov. 7, 1978; 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996; 69 FR 31882, June 8, 2004] | (a) General requirements. (1) This section covers all types and shapes of power-transmission belts, except the following when operating at two hundred and fifty (250) feet per minute or less: (i) Flat belts one (1) inch or less in width, (ii) flat belts two (2) inches or less in width which are free from metal lacings or fasteners, (iii) round belts one-half ( 1/2 ) inch or less in diameter; and (iv) single strand V-belts, the width of which is thirteen thirty-seconds ( 13/32 ) inch or less. (2) Vertical and inclined belts (paragraphs (e) (3) and (4) of this section) if not more than two and one-half (2 1/2 ) inches wide and running at a speed of less than one thousand (1,000) feet per minute, and if free from metal lacings or fastenings may be guarded with a nip-point belt and pulley guard. (3) For the Textile Industry, because of the presence of excessive deposits of lint, which constitute a serious fire hazard, the sides and face sections only of nip-point belt and pulley guards are required, provided the guard shall extend at least six (6) inches beyond the rim of the pulley on the in-running and off-running sides of the belt and at least two (2) inches away from the rim and face of the pulley in all other directions. (4) This section covers the principal features with which power transmission safeguards shall comply. (b) Prime-mover guards —(1) Flywheels. Flywheels located so that any part is seven (7) feet or less above floor or platform shall be guarded in accordance with the requirements of this subparagraph: (i) With an enclosure of sheet, perforated, or expanded metal, or woven wire; (ii) With guard rails placed not less than fifteen (15) inches nor more than twenty (20) inches from rim. When flywheel extends into pit or is within 12 inches of floor, a standard toeboard shall also be provided; (iii) When the upper rim of flywheel protrudes through a working floor, it shall be entirely enclosed or surrounded by a guardrail and toeboard. (iv) For flywheels with smooth rims five (5) feet or… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.16.37.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | P | Subpart P—Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment | § 1910.241 Definitions. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49750, Oct. 24, 1978] | As used in this subpart: (a) Explosive-actuated fastening tool terms —(1) Hammer-operated piston tool — low-velocity type. A tool which, by means of a heavy mass hammer supplemented by a load, moves a piston designed to be captive to drive a stud, pin, or fastener into a work surface, always starting the fastener at rest and in contact with the work surface. It shall be so designed that when used with any load that accurately chambers in it and that is commercially available at the time the tool is submitted for approval, it will not cause such stud, pin, or fastener to have a mean velocity in excess of 300 feet per second when measured 6.5 feet from the muzzle end of the barrel. (2) High-velocity tool. A tool or machine which, when used with a load, propels or discharges a stud, pin, or fastener, at velocities in excess of 300 feet per second when measured 6.5 feet from the muzzle end of the barrel, for the purpose of impinging it upon, affixing it to, or penetrating another object or material. (3) Low-velocity piston tool. A tool that utilizes a piston designed to be captive to drive a stud, pin, or fastener into a work surface. It shall be so designed that when used with any load that accurately chambers in it and that is commercially available at the time the tool is submitted for approval, it will not cause such stud, pin, or fastener to have a mean velocity in excess of 300 feet per second when measured 6.5 feet from the muzzle end of the barrel. (4) Stud, pin, or fastener. A fastening device specifically designed and manufactured for use in explosive-actuated fastening tools. (5) To chamber. To fit properly without the use of excess force, the case being duly supported. (6) Explosive powerload, also known as load. Any substance in any form capable of producing a propellant force. (7) Tool. An explosive-actuated fastening tool, unless otherwise indicated, and all accessories pertaining thereto. (8) Protective shield or guard. A device or guard attached to the muzzle end of the tool,… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.16.37.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | P | Subpart P—Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment | § 1910.242 Hand and portable powered tools and equipment, general. | OSHA | (a) General requirements. Each employer shall be responsible for the safe condition of tools and equipment used by employees, including tools and equipment which may be furnished by employees. (b) Compressed air used for cleaning. Compressed air shall not be used for cleaning purposes except where reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. and then only with effective chip guarding and personal protective equipment. | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.16.37.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | P | Subpart P—Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment | § 1910.243 Guarding of portable powered tools. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49750, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 50 FR 4649, Feb. 1, 1985; 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996; 70 FR 53929, Sept. 13, 2005; 72 FR 71070, Dec. 14, 2007] | (a) Portable powered tool —(1) Portable circular saws. (i) All portable, power-driven circular saws having a blade diameter greater than 2 in. shall be equipped with guards above and below the base plate or shoe. The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to covering position. (ii) Paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section does not apply to circular saws used in the meat industry for meat cutting purposes. (2) Switches and controls. (i) All hand-held powered circular saws having a blade diameter greater than 2 inches, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic chain saws, and percussion tools without positive accessory holding means shall be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control that will shut off the power when the pressure is released. All hand-held gasoline powered chain saws shall be equipped with a constant pressure throttle control that will shut off the power to the saw chain when the pressure is released. (ii) All hand-held powered drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders with wheels greater than 2 inches in diameter, disc sanders with discs greater than 2 inches in diameter, belt sanders, reciprocating saws, saber, scroll, and jig saws with blade shanks greater than a nominal one-fourth inch, and other similarly operating powered tools shall be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control, and may have a lock-on control provided that turnoff can be accomplished by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on. (iii)( a ) All other hand-held powered tools, such as, but not limited to, platen sanders, grinders with wheels 2 inches in diameter or less, disc sanders with discs 2 inches in diamet… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.16.37.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | P | Subpart P—Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment | § 1910.244 Other portable tools and equipment. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984] | (a) Jacks —(1) Loading and marking. (i) The operator shall make sure that the jack used has a rating sufficient to lift and sustain the load. (ii) The rated load shall be legibly and permanently marked in a prominent location on the jack by casting, stamping, or other suitable means. (2) Operation and maintenance. (i) In the absence of a firm foundation, the base of the jack shall be blocked. If there is a possibility of slippage of the cap, a block shall be placed in between the cap and the load. (ii) The operator shall watch the stop indicator, which shall be kept clean, in order to determine the limit of travel. The indicated limit shall not be overrun. (iii) After the load has been raised, it shall be cribbed, blocked, or otherwise secured at once. (iv) Hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures shall be supplied with an adequate antifreeze liquid. (v) All jacks shall be properly lubricated at regular intervals. (vi) Each jack shall be thoroughly inspected at times which depend upon the service conditions. Inspections shall be not less frequent than the following: ( a ) For constant or intermittent use at one locality, once every 6 months, ( b ) For jacks sent out of shop for special work, when sent out and when returned, ( c ) For a jack subjected to abnormal load or shock, immediately before and immediately thereafter. (vii) Repair or replacement parts shall be examined for possible defects. (viii) Jacks which are out of order shall be tagged accordingly, and shall not be used until repairs are made. (b) Abrasive blast cleaning nozzles. The blast cleaning nozzles shall be equipped with an operating valve which must be held open manually. A support shall be provided on which the nozzle may be mounted when it is not in use. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.17.37.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | Q | Subpart Q—Welding, Cutting and Brazing | § 1910.251 Definitions. | OSHA | [55 FR 13696, Apr. 11, 1990, as amended at 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996; 72 FR 71070, Dec. 14, 2007] | As used in this subpart: (a) Welder and welding operator mean any operator of electric or gas welding and cutting equipment. (b) Approved means listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Refer to § 1910.155(c)(3) for definitions of listed and approved, and § 1910.7 for nationally recognized testing laboratory. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.17.37.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | Q | Subpart Q—Welding, Cutting and Brazing | § 1910.252 General requirements. | OSHA | [55 FR 13696, Apr. 11, 1990, as amended at 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 1284, Jan. 8, 1998; 74 FR 46357, Sept. 9, 2009; 77 FR 17777, Mar. 26, 2012] | (a) Fire prevention and protection —(1) Basic precautions. For elaboration of these basic precautions and of the special precautions of paragraph (a)(2) of this section as well as a delineation of the fire protection and prevention responsibilities of welders and cutters, their supervisors (including outside contractors) and those in management on whose property cutting and welding is to be performed, see Standard for Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding Processes, NFPA Standard 51B, 1962, which is incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6. The basic precautions for fire prevention in welding or cutting work are: (i) Fire hazards. If the object to be welded or cut cannot readily be moved, all movable fire hazards in the vicinity shall be taken to a safe place. (ii) Guards. If the object to be welded or cut cannot be moved and if all the fire hazards cannot be removed, then guards shall be used to confine the heat, sparks, and slag, and to protect the immovable fire hazards. (iii) Restrictions. If the requirements stated in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) of this section cannot be followed then welding and cutting shall not be performed. (2) Special precautions. When the nature of the work to be performed falls within the scope of paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section certain additional precautions may be necessary: (i) Combustible material. Wherever there are floor openings or cracks in the flooring that cannot be closed, precautions shall be taken so that no readily combustible materials on the floor below will be exposed to sparks which might drop through the floor. The same precautions shall be observed with regard to cracks or holes in walls, open doorways and open or broken windows. (ii) Fire extinquishers. Suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be maintained in a state of readiness for instant use. Such equipment may consist of pails of water, buckets of sand, hose or portable extinguishers depending upon the nature and quantity of the combustible material expo… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.17.37.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | Q | Subpart Q—Welding, Cutting and Brazing | § 1910.253 Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting. | OSHA | [55 FR 13696, Apr. 11, 1990, as amended at 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 55 FR 46053, Nov. 1, 1990; 61 FR 9241, Mar. 7, 1996; 72 FR 71070, Dec. 14, 2007] | (a) General requirements —(1) Flammable mixture. Mixtures of fuel gases and air or oxygen may be explosive and shall be guarded against. No device or attachment facilitating or permitting mixtures of air or oxygen with flammable gases prior to consumption, except at the burner or in a standard torch, shall be allowed unless approved for the purpose. (2) Maximum pressure. Under no condition shall acetylene be generated, piped (except in approved cylinder manifolds) or utilized at a pressure in excess of 15 psig (103 kPa gauge pressure) or 30 psia (206 kPa absolute). The 30 psia (206 kPa absolute) limit is intended to prevent unsafe use of acetylene in pressurized chambers such as caissons, underground excavations or tunnel construction.) This requirement is not intended to apply to storage of acetylene dissolved in a suitable solvent in cylinders manufactured and maintained according to U.S. Department of Transportation requirements, or to acetylene for chemical use. The use of liquid acetylene shall be prohibited. (3) Apparatus. Only approved apparatus such as torches, regulators or pressure-reducing valves, acetylene generators, and manifolds shall be used. (4) Personnel. Workmen in charge of the oxygen or fuel-gas supply equipment, including generators, and oxygen or fuel-gas distribution piping systems shall be instructed and judged competent by their employers for this important work before being left in charge. Rules and instructions covering the operation and maintenance of oxygen or fuel-gas supply equipment including generators, and oxygen or fuel-gas distribution piping systems shall be readily available. (b) Cylinders and containers —(1) Approval and marking. (i) All portable cylinders used for the storage and shipment of compressed gases shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, 49 CFR parts 171-179. (ii) Compressed gas cylinders shall be legibly marked, for the purpose of identifying the gas content, with either th… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.17.37.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | Q | Subpart Q—Welding, Cutting and Brazing | § 1910.254 Arc welding and cutting. | OSHA | [55 FR 13696, Apr. 11, 1990, as amended at 61 FR 9241, Mar. 7, 1996; 70 FR 53929, Sept. 13, 2005] | (a) General —(1) Equipment selection. Welding equipment shall be chosen for safe application to the work to be done as specified in paragraph (b) of this section. (2) Installation. Welding equipment shall be installed safely as specified by paragraph (c) of this section. (3) Instruction. Workmen designated to operate arc welding equipment shall have been properly instructed and qualified to operate such equipment as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. (b) Application of arc welding equipment —(1) General. Assurance of consideration of safety in design is obtainable by choosing apparatus complying with the Requirements for Electric Arc-Welding Apparatus, NEMA EW-1-1962, National Electrical Manufacturers Association or the Safety Standard for Transformer-Type Arc-Welding Machines, ANSI C33.2—1956, Underwriters' Laboratories, both of which are incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6. (2) Environmental conditions. (i) Standard machines for arc welding service shall be designed and constructed to carry their rated load with rated temperature rises where the temperature of the cooling air does not exceed 40 °C (104 °F) and where the altitude does not exceed 3,300 feet (1,005.8 m), and shall be suitable for operation in atmospheres containing gases, dust, and light rays produced by the welding arc. (ii) Unusual service conditions may exist, and in such circumstances machines shall be especially designed to safely meet the requirements of the service. Chief among these conditions are: (A) Exposure to unusually corrosive fumes. (B) Exposure to steam or excessive humidity. (C) Exposure to excessive oil vapor. (D) Exposure to flammable gases. (E) Exposure to abnormal vibration or shock. (F) Exposure to excessive dust. (G) Exposure to weather. (H) Exposure to unusual seacoast or shipboard conditions. (3) Voltage. The following limits shall not be exceeded: (i) Alternating-current machines (A) Manual arc welding and cutting—80 volts. (B) Automatic (machine or mechanized) arc w… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.17.37.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | Q | Subpart Q—Welding, Cutting and Brazing | § 1910.255 Resistance welding. | OSHA | (a) General —(1) Installation. All equipment shall be installed by a qualified electrician in conformance with subpart S of this part. There shall be a safety-type disconnecting switch or a circuit breaker or circuit interrupter to open each power circuit to the machine, conveniently located at or near the machine, so that the power can be shut off when the machine or its controls are to be serviced. (2) Thermal protection. Ignitron tubes used in resistance welding equipment shall be equipped with a thermal protection switch. (3) Personnel. Workmen designated to operate resistance welding equipment shall have been properly instructed and judged competent to operate such equipment. (4) Guarding. Controls of all automatic or air and hydraulic clamps shall be arranged or guarded to prevent the operator from accidentally activating them. (b) Spot and seam welding machines (nonportable) —(1) Voltage. All external weld initiating control circuits shall operate on low voltage, not over 120 volts, for the safety of the operators. (2) Capacitor welding. Stored energy or capacitor discharge type of resistance welding equipment and control panels involving high voltage (over 550 volts) shall be suitably insulated and protected by complete enclosures, all doors of which shall be provided with suitable interlocks and contacts wired into the control circuit (similar to elevator interlocks). Such interlocks or contacts shall be so designed as to effectively interrupt power and short circuit all capacitors when the door or panel is open. A manually operated switch or suitable positive device shall be installed, in addition to the mechanical interlocks or contacts, as an added safety measure assuring absolute discharge of all capacitors. (3) Interlocks. All doors and access panels of all resistance welding machines and control panels shall be kept locked and interlocked to prevent access, by unauthorized persons, to live portions of the equipment. (4) Guarding. All press welding machine operations, where … | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.18.37.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | R | Subpart R—Special Industries | § 1910.261 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 23073, May 28, 1975; 43 FR 49751, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 61 FR 9241, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 1285, Jan. 8, 1998; 63 FR 33467, June 18, 1998; 72 FR 71070, Dec. 14, 2007; 76 FR 80739, Dec. 27, 2011; 78 FR 35566, June 13, 2013; 81 FR 83005, Nov. 18, 2016] | (a) General requirements —(1) Application. This section applies to establishments where pulp, paper, and paperboard are manufactured and converted. This section does not apply to logging and the transportation of logs to pulp, paper, and paperboard mills. (2) Standards incorporated by reference. Standards covering issues of occupational safety and health which have general application without regard to any specific industry are incorporated by reference in paragraphs (b) through (m) of this section and in subparagraphs (3) and (4) of this paragraph and made applicable under this section. Such standards shall be construed according to the rules set forth in § 1910.5. (3) General incorporation of standards. Establishments subject to this section shall comply with the following standards of the American National Standards Institute, which are incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6: (i) Practice for Industrial Lighting, A11.1—1965 (R-1970). (ii) Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems, A13.1—1956. (iii) Safety Code for Elevators, Dumbwaiters, and Moving Walks, A17.1—1965, including Supplements A17.1a—1967, A17.1b—1968, A17.1c—1969, and A17.1d—1970. (iv) Practice for the Inspection of Elevators (Inspector's Manual), A17.2—1960, including Suppelements A17.2a—1965 and A17.2b—1967. (v) Safety Code for Conveyors, Cableways, and Related Equipment, B20.1—1957. (vi) Power Piping, B31.1.0—1967 and addenda B31.10a—1969. Fuel Gas Piping, B31.2—1968. (vii) Identification of Gas-Mask Canisters, K13.1—1967. (viii) Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosions, Z12.12—1968. (ix) Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock, and Vapor Removal or Conveying, Z33.1—1961. (4) Other standards. The following standards, which are incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6, shall be considered standards under this section: (i) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels, including addenda 1969. (ii) Building Exits Code for Life Safety from Fire, NF… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.18.37.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | R | Subpart R—Special Industries | § 1910.262 Textiles. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 23073, May 28, 1975; 49 FR 5324, Feb. 10, 1984; 61 FR 9241, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 33467, June 18, 1998; 81 FR 83006, Nov. 18, 2016] | (a) Application requirements —(1) Application. The requirements of this subpart for textile safety apply to the design, installation, processes, operation, and maintenance of textile machinery, equipment, and other plant facilities in all plants engaged in the manufacture and processing of textiles, except those processes used exclusively in the manufacture of synthetic fibers. (2) Standards incorporated by reference. Standards covering issues of occupational safety and health which are of general application without regard to any specific industry are incorporated by reference in paragraphs of this section and made applicable to textiles. All such standards shall be construed according to the rules of construction set out in § 1910.5. (b) Definitions applicable to this section —(1) Belt shifter. A belt shifter is a device for mechanically shifting a belt from one pulley to another. (2) Belt shifter lock. A belt shifter lock is a device for positively locking the belt shifter in position while the machine is stopped and the belt is idling on the loose pulleys. (3) Calender. A calender in essence consists of a set of heavy rollers mounted on vertical side frames and arranged to pass cloth between them. Calenders may have two to ten rollers, or bowls, some of which can be heated. (4) Embossing calender. An embossing calender is a calender with two or more rolls, one of which is engraved for producing figured effects of various kinds on a fabric. (5) Cans (drying). Drying cans are hollow cylindrical drums mounted in a frame so they can rotate. They are heated with steam and are used to dry fabrics or yarn as it passes around the perimeter of the can. (6) Carbonizing. Carbonizing means the removing of vegetable matter such as burns, straws, etc., from wool by treatment with acid, followed by heat. The undesired matter is reduced to a carbon-like form which may be removed by dusting or shaking. (7) Card. A card machine consists of cylinders of various sizes—and in certain cases … | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.18.37.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | R | Subpart R—Special Industries | § 1910.263 Bakery equipment. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49765, Oct. 24, 1978; 43 FR 51760, Nov. 7, 1978; 61 FR 9241, Mar. 7, 1996] | (a) General requirements —(1) Application. The requirements of this section shall apply to the design, installation, operation and maintenance of machinery and equipment used within a bakery. (2) [Reserved] (b) [Reserved] (c) General machine guarding. (1) [Reserved] (2) Gears. All gears shall be completely enclosed regardless of location. (3) Sprockets and V-belt drives. Sprockets and V-belt drives located within reach from platforms or pasageways or located within 8 feet 6 inches from the floor shall be completely enclosed. (4) [Reserved] (5) Lubrication. Where machinery must be lubricated while in motion, stationary lubrication fittings inside a machine shall be provided with extension piping to a point of safety so that the employee will not have to reach into any dangerous part of the machine when lubricating. (6)-(7) [Reserved] (8) Hot pipes. Exposed hot water and steam pipes shall be covered with insulating material wherever necessary to protect employee from contact. (d) Flour-handling equipment —(1) General requirements for flour handling. (i) Wherever any of the various pieces of apparatus comprising a flour-handling system are run in electrical unity with one another the following safeguards shall apply: ( a ) [Reserved] ( b ) Wherever a flour-handling system is of such size that the beginning of its operation is far remote from its final delivery end, all electric motors operating each apparatus comprising this system shall be controlled at each of two points, one located at each remote end, either of which will stop all motors. ( c ) [Reserved] ( d ) Control circuits for magnetic controllers shall be so arranged that the opening of any one of several limit switches, which may be on an individual unit, will serve to de-energize all of the motors of that unit. (ii) [Reserved] (2) Bag chutes and bag lifts (bag-arm elevators). (i) Bag chutes (gravity chutes for handling flour bags) shall be so designed so as to keep to a minimum the speed of flour bags. If the chute incli… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.18.37.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | R | Subpart R—Special Industries | § 1910.264 Laundry machinery and operations. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49767, Oct. 24, 1978; 43 FR 51760, Nov. 7, 1978] | (a) [Reserved] (b) General requirements. This section applies to moving parts of equipment used in laundries and to conditions peculiar to this industry, with special reference to the point of operation of laundry machines. This section does not apply to dry-cleaning operations. (c) Point-of-operation guards —(1) Washroom machines. (i) [Reserved] (ii) Washing machine. ( a ) [Reserved] ( b ) Each washing machine shall be provided with means for holding open the doors or covers of inner and outer cylinders or shells while being loaded or unloaded. (2) Starching and drying machines. (i)-(ii) [Reserved] (iii) Drying tumbler. ( a ) [Reserved] ( b ) Each drying tumbler shall be provided with means for holding open the doors or covers of inner and outer cylinders or shells while being loaded or unloaded. (iv) Shaker (clothes tumbler). ( a ) through ( b )( 1 ) [Reserved] ( 2 ) Each shaker or clothes tumbler of the double-cylinder type shall be provided with means for holding open the doors or covers of inner and outer cylinders or shells while being loaded or unloaded. (v) Exception. Provisions of paragraph (c)(2) (iii), (iv)( a )( 1 ), and (iv)( b ) of this section shall not apply to shakeout or conditioning tumblers where the clothes are loaded into the open end of the revolving cylinder and are automatically discharged out of the opposite end. (3) [Reserved] (4) Miscellaneous machines and equipment. (i)-(ii) [Reserved] (iii) Steam pipes. ( a ) All steam pipes that are within 7 feet of the floor or working platform, and with which the worker may come into contact, shall be insulated or covered with a heat-resistive material or shall be otherwise properly guarded. ( b ) Where pressure-reducing valves are used, one or more relief or safety valves shall be provided on the low-pressure side of the reducing valve, in case the piping or equipment on the low-pressure side does not meet the requirements for full initial pressure. The relief or safety valve shall be located adjacent to, or as cl… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.18.37.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | R | Subpart R—Special Industries | § 1910.265 Sawmills. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 23073, May 28, 1975; 43 FR 49751, Oct. 24, 1978; 43 FR 51760, Nov. 7, 1978; 53 FR 12123, Apr. 12, 1988; 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 61 FR 9241, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 33467, June 18, 1998; 70 FR 53929, Sept. 13, 2005; 76 FR 80739, Dec. 27, 2011; 81 FR 83006, Nov. 18, 2016] | (a) General requirements—Application. This section includes safety requirements for sawmill operations including, but not limited to, log and lumber handling, sawing, trimming, and planing; waste disposal; operation of dry kilns; finishing; shipping; storage; yard and yard equipment; and for power tools and affiliated equipment used in connection with such operations, but excluding the manufacture of plywood, cooperage, and veneer. (b) Definitions applicable to this section —(1) A-frame. The term A-frame means a structure made of two independent columns fastened together at the top and separated at the bottom for stability. (2) Annealing. The term annealing means heating then cooling to soften and render less brittle. (3) Binder. The term binder means a chain, cable, rope, or other approved material used for binding loads. (4) Boom. The term boom means logs or timbers fastened together end to end and used to contain floating logs. The term includes enclosed logs. (5) Brow log. The term brow log means a log placed parallel to a roadway at a landing or dump to protect vehicles while loading or unloading. (6) Bunk. The term bunk means a cross support for a load. (7) Cant. The term cant means a log slabbed on one or more sides. (8) Carriage (log carriage). The term carriage means a framework mounted on wheels which runs on tracks or in grooves in a direction parallel to the face of the saw, and which contains apparatus to hold a log securely and advance it towards the saw. (9) Carrier. The term carrier means an industrial truck so designed and constructed that it straddles the load to be transported with mechanisms to pick up the load and support it during transportation. (10) Chipper. The term chipper means a machine which cuts material into chips. (11) Chock (bunk block) (cheese block). The terms chock, bunk block, and cheese block mean a wedge that prevents logs or loads from moving. (12) Cold deck. The term cold deck means a pile of logs stored for … | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.18.37.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | R | Subpart R—Special Industries | § 1910.266 Logging operations. | OSHA | [59 FR 51741, Oct. 12, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 7449, Feb. 8, 1995; 60 FR 40458, Aug. 9, 1996; 60 FR 47035, Sept. 8, 1995; 61 FR 9241, 9242, Mar. 7, 1996; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004; 71 FR 16673, Apr. 3, 2006; 79 FR 37190, July 1, 2014] | (a) Table of contents. This paragraph contains the list of paragraphs and appendices contained in this section. a. Table of contents b. Scope and application c. Definitions d. General requirements 1. Personal protective equipment 2. First-aid kits 3. Seat belts 4. Fire extinguishers 5. Environmental conditions 6. Work areas 7. Signaling and signal equipment 8. Overhead electric lines 9. Flammable and combustible liquids 10. Explosives and blasting agents e. Hand and portable powered tools 1. General requirements 2. Chain saws f. Machines 1. General requirements 2. Machine operation 3. Protective structures 4. Overhead guards 5. Machine access 6. Exhaust systems 7. Brakes 8. Guarding g. Vehicles h. Tree harvesting 1. General requirements 2. Manual felling 3. Bucking and limbing 4. Chipping 5. Yarding 6. Loading and unloading 7. Transport 8. Storage i. Training j. Appendices Appendix A—Minimum First-aid Supplies Appendix B—Minimum First-aid Training Appendix C—Corresponding ISO Agreements a. Table of contents b. Scope and application c. Definitions d. General requirements 1. Personal protective equipment 2. First-aid kits 3. Seat belts 4. Fire extinguishers 5. Environmental conditions 6. Work areas 7. Signaling and signal equipment 8. Overhead electric lines 9. Flammable and combustible liquids 10. Explosives and blasting agents e. Hand and portable powered tools 1. General requirements 2. Chain saws f. Machines 1. General requirements 2. Machine operation 3. Protective structures 4. Overhead guards 5. Machine access 6. Exhaust systems 7. Brakes 8. Guarding g. Vehicles h. Tree harvesting 1. General requirements 2. Manual felling 3. Bucking and limbing 4. Chipping 5. Yarding 6. Loading and unloading 7. Transport 8. Storage i. Training j. Appendices Appendix A—Minimum First-aid Supplies Appendix B—Minimum First-aid Training Appendix C—Corresponding ISO A… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.18.37.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | R | Subpart R—Special Industries | § 1910.268 Telecommunications. | OSHA | [40 FR 13441, Mar. 26, 1975, as amended at 43 FR 49751, Oct. 24, 1978; 47 FR 14706, Apr. 6, 1982; 52 FR 36387, Sept. 28, 1987; 54 FR 24334, June 7, 1989; 61 FR 9242, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 33467, June 18, 1998; 67 FR 67965, Nov. 7, 2002; 69 FR 31882, June 8, 2004; 70 FR 1141, Jan. 5, 2005; 81 FR 83006, Nov. 18, 2016] | (a) Application. (1) This section sets forth safety and health standards that apply to the work conditions, practices, means, methods, operations, installations and processes performed at telecommunications centers and at telecommunications field installations, which are located outdoors or in building spaces used for such field installations. Center work includes the installation, operation, maintenance, rearrangement, and removal of communications equipment and other associated equipment in telecommunications switching centers. Field work includes the installation, operation, maintenance, rearrangement, and removal of conductors and other equipment used for signal or communication service, and of their supporting or containing structures, overhead or underground, on public or private rights of way, including buildings or other structures. (2) These standards do not apply: (i) To construction work, as defined in § 1910.12, nor (ii) to installations under the exclusive control of electric utilities used for the purpose of communications or metering, or for generation, control, transformation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy, which are located in buildings used exclusively by the electric utilities for such purposes, or located outdoors on property owned or leased by the electric utilities or on public highways, streets, roads, etc., or outdoors by established rights on private property. (3) Operations or conditions not specifically covered by this section are subject to all the applicable standards contained in this part 1910. See § 1910.5(c). Operations which involve construction work, as defined in § 1910.12 are subject to all the applicable standards contained in part 1926 of this chapter. (b) General —(1) Buildings containing telecommunications centers —(i) Illumination. Lighting in telecommunication centers shall be provided in an adequate amount such that continuing work operations, routine observations, and the passage of employees can be carried out in a safe and healthful m… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.18.37.8 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | R | Subpart R—Special Industries | § 1910.269 Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. | OSHA | [79 FR 20633, Apr. 11, 2014, as amended at 79 FR 56960, Sept. 24, 2014; 80 FR 60036, Oct. 5, 2015; 81 FR 83006, Nov. 18, 2016; 84 FR 68797, Dec. 17, 2019; 85 FR 8732, Feb. 18, 2020] | (a) General —(1) Application. (i) This section covers the operation and maintenance of electric power generation, control, transformation, transmission, and distribution lines and equipment. These provisions apply to: (A) Power generation, transmission, and distribution installations, including related equipment for the purpose of communication or metering that are accessible only to qualified employees; The types of installations covered by this paragraph include the generation, transmission, and distribution installations of electric utilities, as well as equivalent installations of industrial establishments. Subpart S of this part covers supplementary electric generating equipment that is used to supply a workplace for emergency, standby, or similar purposes only. (See paragraph (a)(1)(i)(B) of this section.) (B) Other installations at an electric power generating station, as follows: ( 1 ) Fuel and ash handling and processing installations, such as coal conveyors, ( 2 ) Water and steam installations, such as penstocks, pipelines, and tanks, providing a source of energy for electric generators, and ( 3 ) Chlorine and hydrogen systems; (C) Test sites where employees perform electrical testing involving temporary measurements associated with electric power generation, transmission, and distribution in laboratories, in the field, in substations, and on lines, as opposed to metering, relaying, and routine line work; (D) Work on, or directly associated with, the installations covered in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A) through (a)(1)(i)(C) of this section; and (E) Line-clearance tree trimming performed for the purpose of clearing space around electric power generation, transmission, or distribution lines or equipment and on behalf of an organization that operates, or that controls the operating procedures for, those lines or equipment, as follows: ( 1 ) Entire § 1910.269, except paragraph (r)(1) of this section, applies to line-clearance tree trimming covered by the introductory text to paragraph (a)(1)(i)(E) o… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.18.37.9 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | R | Subpart R—Special Industries | § 1910.272 Grain handling facilities. | OSHA | [52 FR 49625, Dec. 31, 1987, as amended at 53 FR 17696, May 18, 1988; 54 FR 24334, June 7, 1989; 55 FR 25094, June 20, 1990; 61 FR 9242, Mar. 7, 1996; 61 FR 9584, Mar. 8, 1996; 67 FR 67965, Nov. 7, 2002; 76 FR 80740, Dec. 27, 2011] | (a) Scope. This section contains requirements for the control of grain dust fires and explosions, and certain other safety hazards associated with grain handling facilities. It applies in addition to all other relevant provisions of part 1910 (or part 1917 at marine terminals). For grain-handling facilities in the marine-terminal industry only, 29 CFR 1910.272 is to be enforced consistent with the interpretations in OSHA Compliance Directive 02-00-066, which is available on OSHA's Web page at www.osha.gov. (b) Application. (1) Paragraphs (a) through (n) of this section apply to grain elevators, feed mills, flour mills, rice mills, dust pelletizing plants, dry corn mills, soybean flaking operations, and the dry grinding operations of soycake. (2) Paragraphs (o), (p), and (q) of this section apply only to grain elevators. (c) Definitions. Choked leg means a condition of material buildup in the bucket elevator that results in the stoppage of material flow and bucket movement. A bucket elevator is not considered choked that has the up-leg partially or fully loaded and has the boot and discharge cleared allowing bucket movement. Flat storage structure means a grain storage building or structure that will not empty completely by gravity, has an unrestricted ground level opening for entry, and must be entered to reclaim the residual grain using powered equipment or manual means. Fugitive grain dust means combustible dust particles, emitted from the stock handling system, of such size as will pass through a U.S. Standard 40 mesh sieve (425 microns or less). Grain elevator means a facility engaged in the receipt, handling, storage, and shipment of bulk raw agricultural commodities such as corn, wheat, oats, barley, sunflower seeds, and soybeans. Hot work means work involving electric or gas welding, cutting, brazing, or similar flame producing operations. Inside bucket elevator means a bucket elevator that has the boot and more than 20 percent of the total leg height (above grade or ground level) ins… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.37.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.301 Introduction. | OSHA | [46 FR 4056, Jan. 16, 1981; 46 FR 40185, Aug. 7, 1981] | This subpart addresses electrical safety requirements that are necessary for the practical safeguarding of employees in their workplaces and is divided into four major divisions as follows: (a) Design safety standards for electrical systems. These regulations are contained in §§ 1910.302 through 1910.330. Sections 1910.302 through 1910.308 contain design safety standards for electric utilization systems. Included in this category are all electric equipment and installations used to provide electric power and light for employee workplaces. Sections 1910.309 through 1910.330 are reserved for possible future design safety standards for other electrical systems. (b) Safety-related work practices. These regulations will be contained in §§ 1910.331 through 1910.360. (c) Safety-related maintenance requirements. These regulations will be contained in §§ 1910.361 through 1910.380. (d) Safety requirements for special equipment. These regulations will be contained in §§ 1910.381 through 1910.398. (e) Definitions. Definitions applicable to each division are contained in § 1910.399. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.38.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.302 Electric utilization systems. | OSHA | Sections 1910.302 through 1910.308 contain design safety standards for electric utilization systems. (a) Scope —(1) Covered. The provisions of §§ 1910.302 through 1910.308 cover electrical installations and utilization equipment installed or used within or on buildings, structures, and other premises, including: (i) Yards; (ii) Carnivals; (iii) Parking and other lots; (iv) Mobile homes; (v) Recreational vehicles; (vi) Industrial substations; (vii) Conductors that connect the installations to a supply of electricity; and (viii) Other outside conductors on the premises. (2) Not covered. The provisions of §§ 1910.302 through 1910.308 do not cover: (i) Installations in ships, watercraft, railway rolling stock, aircraft, or automotive vehicles other than mobile homes and recreational vehicles; (ii) Installations underground in mines; (iii) Installations of railways for generation, transformation, transmission, or distribution of power used exclusively for operation of rolling stock or installations used exclusively for signaling and communication purposes; (iv) Installations of communication equipment under the exclusive control of communication utilities, located outdoors or in building spaces used exclusively for such installations; or (v) Installations under the exclusive control of electric utilities for the purpose of communication or metering; or for the generation, control, transformation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy located in buildings used exclusively by utilities for such purposes or located outdoors on property owned or leased by the utility or on public highways, streets, roads, etc., or outdoors by established rights on private property. (b) Extent of application —(1) Requirements applicable to all installations. The following requirements apply to all electrical installations and utilization equipment, regardless of when they were designed or installed: § 1910.303(b)—Examination, installation, and use of equipment § 1910.303(c)(3)—Electrical connections—Sp… | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.38.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.303 General. | OSHA | [46 FR 4056, Jan. 16, 1981, as amended at 73 FR 64205, Oct. 29, 2008] | (a) Approval. The conductors and equipment required or permitted by this subpart shall be acceptable only if approved, as defined in § 1910.399. (b) Examination, installation, and use of equipment —(1) Examination. Electric equipment shall be free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. Safety of equipment shall be determined using the following considerations: (i) Suitability for installation and use in conformity with the provisions of this subpart; Suitability of equipment for an identified purpose may be evidenced by listing or labeling for that identified purpose. (ii) Mechanical strength and durability, including, for parts designed to enclose and protect other equipment, the adequacy of the protection thus provided; (iii) Wire-bending and connection space; (iv) Electrical insulation; (v) Heating effects under all conditions of use; (vi) Arcing effects; (vii) Classification by type, size, voltage, current capacity, and specific use; and (viii) Other factors that contribute to the practical safeguarding of persons using or likely to come in contact with the equipment. (2) Installation and use. Listed or labeled equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with any instructions included in the listing or labeling. (3) Insulation integrity. Completed wiring installations shall be free from short circuits and from grounds other than those required or permitted by this subpart. (4) Interrupting rating. Equipment intended to interrupt current at fault levels shall have an interrupting rating sufficient for the nominal circuit voltage and the current that is available at the line terminals of the equipment. Equipment intended to interrupt current at other than fault levels shall have an interrupting rating at nominal circuit voltage sufficient for the current that must be interrupted. (5) Circuit impedance and other characteristics. The overcurrent protective devices, the total impedance, the component short-circuit current rat… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.38.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.304 Wiring design and protection. | OSHA | [46 FR 4056, Jan. 16, 1981, as amended at 73 FR 64205, Oct. 29, 2008] | (a) Use and identification of grounded and grounding conductors —(1) Identification of conductors. (i) A conductor used as a grounded conductor shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors. (ii) A conductor used as an equipment grounding conductor shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors. (2) Polarity of connections. No grounded conductor may be attached to any terminal or lead so as to reverse designated polarity. (3) Use of grounding terminals and devices. A grounding terminal or grounding-type device on a receptacle, cord connector, or attachment plug may not be used for purposes other than grounding. (b) Branch circuits —(1) Identification of multiwire branch circuits. Where more than one nominal voltage system exists in a building containing multiwire branch circuits, each ungrounded conductor of a multiwire branch circuit, where accessible, shall be identified by phase and system. The means of identification shall be permanently posted at each branch-circuit panelboard. (2) Receptacles and cord connectors. (i) Receptacles installed on 15- and 20-ampere branch circuits shall be of the grounding type except as permitted for replacement receptacles in paragraph (b)(2)(iv) of this section. Grounding-type receptacles shall be installed only on circuits of the voltage class and current for which they are rated, except as provided in Table S-4 and Table S-5. (ii) Receptacles and cord connectors having grounding contacts shall have those contacts effectively grounded except for receptacles mounted on portable and vehicle-mounted generators in accordance with paragraph (g)(3) of this section and replacement receptacles installed in accordance with paragraph (b)(2)(iv) of this section. (iii) The grounding contacts of receptacles and cord connectors shall be grounded by connection to the equipment grounding conductor of the circuit supplying the receptacle or cord connector. The branch circuit wiring method shall include or provide an equipment groun… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.38.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.305 Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use. | OSHA | (a) Wiring methods. The provisions of this section do not apply to conductors that are an integral part of factory-assembled equipment. (1) General requirements. (i) Metal raceways, cable trays, cable armor, cable sheath, enclosures, frames, fittings, and other metal noncurrent-carrying parts that are to serve as grounding conductors, with or without the use of supplementary equipment grounding conductors, shall be effectively bonded where necessary to ensure electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any fault current likely to be imposed on them. Any nonconductive paint, enamel, or similar coating shall be removed at threads, contact points, and contact surfaces or be connected by means of fittings designed so as to make such removal unnecessary. (ii) Where necessary for the reduction of electrical noise (electromagnetic interference) of the grounding circuit, an equipment enclosure supplied by a branch circuit may be isolated from a raceway containing circuits supplying only that equipment by one or more listed nonmetallic raceway fittings located at the point of attachment of the raceway to the equipment enclosure. The metal raceway shall be supplemented by an internal insulated equipment grounding conductor installed to ground the equipment enclosure. (iii) No wiring systems of any type may be installed in ducts used to transport dust, loose stock, or flammable vapors. No wiring system of any type may be installed in any duct used for vapor removal or for ventilation of commercial-type cooking equipment, or in any shaft containing only such ducts. (2) Temporary wiring. Except as specifically modified in this paragraph, all other requirements of this subpart for permanent wiring shall also apply to temporary wiring installations. (i) Temporary electrical power and lighting installations of 600 volts, nominal, or less may be used only as follows: (A) During and for remodeling, maintenance, or repair of buildings, structures, or equipment, and similar activities; (B) For a period not … | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.38.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.306 Specific purpose equipment and installations. | OSHA | (a) Electric signs and outline lighting —(1) Disconnecting means. (i) Each sign and outline lighting system, or feeder circuit or branch circuit supplying a sign or outline lighting system, shall be controlled by an externally operable switch or circuit breaker that will open all ungrounded conductors. However, a disconnecting means is not required for an exit directional sign located within a building or for cord-connected signs with an attachment plug. (ii) Signs and outline lighting systems located within fountains shall have the disconnect located at least 1.52 m (5.0 ft) from the inside walls of the fountain. (2) Location. (i) The disconnecting means shall be within sight of the sign or outline lighting system that it controls. Where the disconnecting means is out of the line of sight from any section that may be energized, the disconnecting means shall be capable of being locked in the open position. (ii) Signs or outline lighting systems operated by electronic or electromechanical controllers located external to the sign or outline lighting system may have a disconnecting means located within sight of the controller or in the same enclosure with the controller. The disconnecting means shall disconnect the sign or outline lighting system and the controller from all ungrounded supply conductors. It shall be designed so no pole can be operated independently and shall be capable of being locked in the open position. (iii) Doors or covers giving access to uninsulated parts of indoor signs or outline lighting exceeding 600 volts and accessible to other than qualified persons shall either be provided with interlock switches to disconnect the primary circuit or shall be so fastened that the use of other than ordinary tools will be necessary to open them. (b) Cranes and hoists. This paragraph applies to the installation of electric equipment and wiring used in connection with cranes, monorail hoists, hoists, and all runways. (1) Disconnecting means for runway conductors. A disconnecting means shall b… | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.38.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.307 Hazardous (classified) locations. | OSHA | (a) Scope —(1) Applicability. This section covers the requirements for electric equipment and wiring in locations that are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or gases, or combustible dusts or fibers that may be present therein and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Hazardous (classified) locations may be found in occupancies such as, but not limited to, the following: aircraft hangars, gasoline dispensing and service stations, bulk storage plants for gasoline or other volatile flammable liquids, paint-finishing process plants, health care facilities, agricultural or other facilities where excessive combustible dusts may be present, marinas, boat yards, and petroleum and chemical processing plants. Each room, section or area shall be considered individually in determining its classification. (2) Classifications. (i) These hazardous (classified) locations are assigned the following designations: (A) Class I, Division 1 (B) Class I, Division 2 (C) Class I, Zone 0 (D) Class I, Zone 1 (E) Class I, Zone 2 (F) Class II, Division 1 (G) Class II, Division 2 (H) Class III, Division 1 (I) Class III, Division 2 (ii) For definitions of these locations, see § 1910.399. (3) Other sections of this subpart. All applicable requirements in this subpart apply to hazardous (classified) locations unless modified by provisions of this section. (4) Division and zone classification. In Class I locations, an installation must be classified as using the division classification system meeting paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f) of this section or using the zone classification system meeting paragraph (g) of this section. In Class II and Class III locations, an installation must be classified using the division classification system meeting paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f) of this section. (b) Documentation. All areas designated as hazardous (classified) locations under the Class and Zone system and areas designated under the Class … | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.38.8 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.308 Special systems. | OSHA | (a) Systems over 600 volts, nominal. This paragraph covers the general requirements for all circuits and equipment operated at over 600 volts. (1) Aboveground wiring methods. (i) Aboveground conductors shall be installed in rigid metal conduit, in intermediate metal conduit, in electrical metallic tubing, in rigid nonmetallic conduit, in cable trays, as busways, as cablebus, in other identified raceways, or as open runs of metal-clad cable suitable for the use and purpose. In locations accessible to qualified persons only, open runs of Type MV cables, bare conductors, and bare busbars are also permitted. Busbars shall be either copper or aluminum. Open runs of insulated wires and cables having a bare lead sheath or a braided outer covering shall be supported in a manner designed to prevent physical damage to the braid or sheath. (ii) Conductors emerging from the ground shall be enclosed in approved raceways. (2) Braid-covered insulated conductors—open installations. The braid on open runs of braid-covered insulated conductors shall be flame retardant or shall have a flame-retardant saturant applied after installation. This treated braid covering shall be stripped back a safe distance at conductor terminals, according to the operating voltage. (3) Insulation shielding. (i) Metallic and semiconductor insulation shielding components of shielded cables shall be removed for a distance dependent on the circuit voltage and insulation. Stress reduction means shall be provided at all terminations of factory-applied shielding. (ii) Metallic shielding components such as tapes, wires, or braids, or combinations thereof, and their associated conducting and semiconducting components shall be grounded. (4) Moisture or mechanical protection for metal-sheathed cables. Where cable conductors emerge from a metal sheath and where protection against moisture or physical damage is necessary, the insulation of the conductors shall be protected by a cable sheath terminating device. (5) Interrupting and isolating device… | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.38.9 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | §§ 1910.309-1910.330 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.39.10 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.331 Scope. | OSHA | [55 FR 32016, Aug. 6, 1990, as amended at 59 FR 4476, Jan. 31, 1994; 79 FR 20692, Apr. 11, 2014; 80 FR 60039, Oct. 5, 2015] | (a) Covered work by both qualified and unqualified persons. The provisions of §§ 1910.331 through 1910.335 cover electrical safety-related work practices for both qualified persons (those who have training in avoiding the electrical hazards of working on or near exposed energized parts) and unqualified persons (those with little or no such training) working on, near, or with the following installations: (1) Premises wiring. Installations of electric conductors and equipment within or on buildings or other structures, and on other premises such as yards, carnival, parking, and other lots, and industrial substations; (2) Wiring for connection to supply. Installations of conductors that connect to the supply of electricity; and (3) Other wiring. Installations of other outside conductors on the premises. (4) Optical fiber cable. Installations of optical fiber cable where such installations are made along with electric conductors. See § 1910.399 for the definition of “qualified person.” See § 1910.332 for training requirements that apply to qualified and unqualified persons. (b) Other covered work. The provisions of §§ 1910.331 through 1910.335 also cover: (1) Work performed by unqualified persons on, near, or with the installations listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section; and (2) Work performed by qualified persons near the installations listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section when that work is not on or directly associated with those installations. (c) Excluded work by qualified persons. The provisions of §§ 1910.331 through 1910.335 do not apply to work performed by qualified persons on or directly associated with the following installations: (1) Generation, transmission, and distribution installations. Installations for the generation, control, transformation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy (including communication and metering) located in buildings used for such purposes or located outdoors. Work on or directly associated with instal… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.39.11 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.332 Training. | OSHA | [55 FR 32016, Aug. 6, 1990] | (a) Scope. The training requirements contained in this section apply to employees who face a risk of electric shock that is not reduced to a safe level by the electrical installation requirements of §§ 1910.303 through 1910.308. Employees in occupations listed in Table S-4 face such a risk and are required to be trained. Other employees who also may reasonably be expected to face a comparable risk of injury due to electric shock or other electrical hazards must also be trained. (b) Content of training —(1) Practices addressed in this standard. Employees shall be trained in and familiar with the safety-related work practices required by §§ 1910.331 through 1910.335 that pertain to their respective job assignments. (2) Additional requirements for unqualified persons. Employees who are covered by paragraph (a) of this section but who are not qualified persons shall also be trained in and familiar with any electrically related safety practices not specifically addressed by §§ 1910.331 through 1910.335 but which are necessary for their safety. (3) Additional requirements for qualified persons. Qualified persons (i.e., those permitted to work on or near exposed energized parts) shall, at a minimum, be trained in and familiar with the following: (i) The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed live parts from other parts of electric equipment, (ii) The skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts, and (iii) The clearance distances specified in § 1910.333(c) and the corresponding voltages to which the qualified person will be exposed. For the purposes of §§ 1910.331 through 1910.335, a person must have the training required by paragraph (b)(3) of this section in order to be considered a qualified person. Qualified persons whose work on energized equipment involves either direct contact or contact by means of tools or materials must also have the training needed to meet § 1910.333(c)(2). (c) Type of training. The training required by this section… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.39.12 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.333 Selection and use of work practices. | OSHA | [55 FR 32016, Aug. 6, 1990; 55 FR 46053, Nov. 1, 1990, as amended at 59 FR 4476, Jan. 31, 1994] | (a) General. Safety-related work practices shall be employed to prevent electric shock or other injuries resulting from either direct or indirect electrical contacts, when work is performed near or on equipment or circuits which are or may be energized. The specific safety-related work practices shall be consistent with the nature and extent of the associated electrical hazards. (1) Deenergized parts. Live parts to which an employee may be exposed shall be deenergized before the employee works on or near them, unless the employer can demonstrate that deenergizing introduces additional or increased hazards or is infeasible due to equipment design or operational limitations. Live parts that operate at less than 50 volts to ground need not be deenergized if there will be no increased exposure to electrical burns or to explosion due to electric arcs. Examples of increased or additional hazards include interruption of life support equipment, deactivation of emergency alarm systems, shutdown of hazardous location ventilation equipment, or removal of illumination for an area. Examples of work that may be performed on or near energized circuit parts because of infeasibility due to equipment design or operational limitations include testing of electric circuits that can only be performed with the circuit energized and work on circuits that form an integral part of a continuous industrial process in a chemical plant that would otherwise need to be completely shut down in order to permit work on one circuit or piece of equipment. Work on or near deenergized parts is covered by paragraph (b) of this section. (2) Energized parts. If the exposed live parts are not deenergized (i.e., for reasons of increased or additional hazards or infeasibility), other safety-related work practices shall be used to protect employees who may be exposed to the electrical hazards involved. Such work practices shall protect employees against contact with energized circuit parts directly with any part of their body or indirectly through… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.39.13 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.334 Use of equipment. | OSHA | [55 FR 32019, Aug. 6, 1990] | (a) Portable electric equipment. This paragraph applies to the use of cord- and plug-connected equipment, including flexible cord sets (extension cords). (1) Handling. Portable equipment shall be handled in a manner which will not cause damage. Flexible electric cords connected to equipment may not be used for raising or lowering the equipment. Flexible cords may not be fastened with staples or otherwise hung in such a fashion as could damage the outer jacket or insulation. (2) Visual inspection. (i) Portable cord- and plug-connected equipment and flexible cord sets (extension cords) shall be visually inspected before use on any shift for external defects (such as loose parts, deformed and missing pins, or damage to outer jacket or insulation) and for evidence of possible internal damage (such as pinched or crushed outer jacket). Cord- and plug-connected equipment and flexible cord sets (extension cords) which remain connected once they are put in place and are not exposed to damage need not be visually inspected until they are relocated. (ii) If there is a defect or evidence of damage that might expose an employee to injury, the defective or damaged item shall be removed from service, and no employee may use it until repairs and tests necessary to render the equipment safe have been made. (iii) When an attachment plug is to be connected to a receptacle (including any on a cord set), the relationship of the plug and receptacle contacts shall first be checked to ensure that they are of proper mating configurations. (3) Grounding-type equipment. (i) A flexible cord used with grounding-type equipment shall contain an equipment grounding conductor. (ii) Attachment plugs and receptacles may not be connected or altered in a manner which would prevent proper continuity of the equipment grounding conductor at the point where plugs are attached to receptacles. Additionally, these devices may not be altered to allow the grounding pole of a plug to be inserted into slots intended for connection to the current-… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.39.14 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.335 Safeguards for personnel protection. | OSHA | [55 FR 32020, Aug. 6, 1990] | (a) Use of protective equipment —(1) Personal protective equipment. (i) Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards shall be provided with, and shall use, electrical protective equipment that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed. Personal protective equipment requirements are contained in subpart I of this part. (ii) Protective equipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition and shall be periodically inspected or tested, as required by § 1910.137. (iii) If the insulating capability of protective equipment may be subject to damage during use, the insulating material shall be protected. (For example, an outer covering of leather is sometimes used for the protection of rubber insulating material.) (iv) Employees shall wear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of head injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with exposed energized parts. (v) Employees shall wear protective equipment for the eyes or face wherever there is danger of injury to the eyes or face from electric arcs or flashes or from flying objects resulting from electrical explosion. (2) General protective equipment and tools. (i) When working near exposed energized conductors or circuit parts, each employee shall use insulated tools or handling equipment if the tools or handling equipment might make contact with such conductors or parts. If the insulating capability of insulated tools or handling equipment is subject to damage, the insulating material shall be protected. (A) Fuse handling equipment, insulated for the circuit voltage, shall be used to remove or install fuses when the fuse terminals are energized. (B) Ropes and handlines used near exposed energized parts shall be nonconductive. (ii) Protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials shall be used to protect each employee from shock, burns, or other electrically related injuries while that employee is working near exposed energized p… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.39.15 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | §§ 1910.336-1910.360 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.40.16 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | §§ 1910.361-1910.380 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.41.17 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | §§ 1910.381-1910.398 [Reserved] | OSHA | ||||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.19.42.18 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | S | Subpart S—Electrical | § 1910.399 Definitions applicable to this subpart. | OSHA | [72 FR 7215, Feb. 14, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 20692, Apr. 11, 2014] | Acceptable. An installation or equipment is acceptable to the Assistant Secretary of Labor, and approved within the meaning of this subpart S: (1) If it is accepted, or certified, or listed, or labeled, or otherwise determined to be safe by a nationally recognized testing laboratory recognized pursuant to § 1910.7; or (2) With respect to an installation or equipment of a kind that no nationally recognized testing laboratory accepts, certifies, lists, labels, or determines to be safe, if it is inspected or tested by another Federal agency, or by a State, municipal, or other local authority responsible for enforcing occupational safety provisions of the National Electrical Code, and found in compliance with the provisions of the National Electrical Code as applied in this subpart; or (3) With respect to custom-made equipment or related installations that are designed, fabricated for, and intended for use by a particular customer, if it is determined to be safe for its intended use by its manufacturer on the basis of test data which the employer keeps and makes available for inspection to the Assistant Secretary and his authorized representatives. Accepted. An installation is “accepted” if it has been inspected and found by a nationally recognized testing laboratory to conform to specified plans or to procedures of applicable codes. Accessible. (As applied to wiring methods.) Capable of being removed or exposed without damaging the building structure or finish, or not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building. (See “concealed” and “exposed.”) Accessible. (As applied to equipment.) Admitting close approach; not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means. (See “Readily accessible.”) Ampacity. The current, in amperes, that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating. Appliances. Utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized sizes or types, that is installed or conne… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.2.33.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards | § 1910.11 Scope and purpose. | OSHA | (a) The provisions of this subpart B adopt and extend the applicability of, established Federal standards in effect on April 28, 1971, with respect to every employer, employee, and employment covered by the Act. (b) It bears emphasis that only standards (i.e., substantive rules) relating to safety or health are adopted by any incorporations by reference of standards prescribed elsewhere in this chapter or this title. Other materials contained in the referenced parties are not adopted. Illustrations of the types of materials which are not adopted are these. The incorporations by reference of parts 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918 in §§ 1910.13, 1910.14, 1910.15, and 1910.16 are not intended to include the discussion in those parts of the coverage of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act or the penalty provisions of the Act. Similarly, the incorporation by reference of part 1926 in § 1910.12 is not intended to include references to interpretative rules having relevance to the application of the Construction Safety Act, but having no relevance to the application to the Occupational Safety and Health Act. | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.2.33.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards | § 1910.12 Construction work. | OSHA | (a) Standards. The standards prescribed in part 1926 of this chapter are adopted as occupational safety and health standards under section 6 of the Act and shall apply, according to the provisions thereof, to every employment and place of employment of every employee engaged in construction work. Each employer shall protect the employment and places of employment of each of his employees engaged in construction work by complying with the appropriate standards prescribed in this paragraph. (b) Definition. For purposes of this section, Construction work means work for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating. See discussion of these terms in § 1926.13 of this title. (c) Construction Safety Act distinguished. This section adopts as occupational safety and health standards under section 6 of the Act the standards which are prescribed in part 1926 of this chapter. Thus, the standards (substantive rules) published in subpart C and the following subparts of part 1926 of this chapter are applied. This section does not incorporate subparts A and B of part 1926 of this chapter. Subparts A and B have pertinence only to the application of section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (the Construction Safety Act). For example, the interpretation of the term “subcontractor” in paragraph (c) of § 1926.13 of this chapter is significant in discerning the coverage of the Construction Safety Act and duties thereunder. However, the term “subcontractor” has no significance in the application of the Act, which was enacted under the Commerce Clause and which establishes duties for “employers” which are not dependent for their application upon any contractual relationship with the Federal Government or upon any form of Federal financial assistance. (d) For the purposes of this part, to the extent that it may not already be included in paragraph (b) of this section, “construction work” includes the erection of new electric transmission and distribution lines and equipment, a… | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.2.33.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards | § 1910.15 Shipyard employment. | OSHA | [58 FR 35308, June 30, 1993] | (a) Adoption and extension of established safety and health standards for shipyard employment. The standards prescribed by part 1915 (formerly parts 1501-1503) of this title and in effect on April 28, 1971 (as revised), are adopted as occupational safety or health standards under section 6(a) of the Act and shall apply, according to the provisions thereof, to every employment and place of employment of every employee engaged in ship repair, shipbreaking, and shipbuilding, or a related employment. Each employer shall protect the employment and places of employment of each of his employees engaged in ship repair, shipbreaking, and shipbuilding, or a related employment, by complying with the appropriate standards prescribed by this paragraph. (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section: (1) Ship repair means any repair of a vessel, including, but not restricted to, alterations, conversions, installations, cleaning, painting, and maintenance work; (2) Shipbreaking means any breaking down of a vessel's structure for the purpose of scrapping the vessel, including the removal of gear, equipment, or any component of a vessel; (3) Shipbuilding means the construction of a vessel, including the installation of machinery and equipment; (4) Related employment means any employment performed as an incident to, or in conjunction with, ship repair, shipbreaking, and shipbuilding work, including, but not restricted to, inspection, testing, and employment as a watchman; and (5) Vessel includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water, including special purpose floating structures not primarily designed for, or used as a means of, transportation on water. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.2.33.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards | § 1910.16 Longshoring and marine terminals. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 48 FR 30908, July 5, 1983; 52 FR 36026, Sept. 25, 1987; 62 FR 40195, July 25, 1997; 63 FR 66270, Dec. 1, 1998] | (a) Safety and health standards for longshoring. (1) Part 1918 of this chapter shall apply exclusively, according to the provisions thereof, to all employment of every employee engaged in longshoring operations or related employment aboard any vessel. All cargo transfer accomplished with the use of shore-based material handling devices shall be governed by part 1917 of this chapter. (2) Part 1910 does not apply to longshoring operations except for the following provisions: (i) Access to employee exposure and medical records. Subpart Z, § 1910.1020; (ii) Commercial diving operations. Subpart T; (iii) Electrical. Subpart S when shore-based electrical installations provide power for use aboard vessels; (iv) Hazard communication. Subpart Z, § 1910.1200; (v) Ionizing radiation. Subpart Z, § 1910.1096; (vi) Noise. Subpart G, § 1910.95; (vii) Nonionizing radiation. Subpart G, § 1910.97; Exposures to nonionizing radiation emissions from commercial vessel transmitters are considered hazardous under the following conditions: (1) where the radar is transmitting, the scanner is stationary, and the exposure distance is 18.7 feet (6 m.) or less; or (2) where the radar is transmitting, the scanner is rotating, and the exposure distance is 5.2 feet (1.8 m.) or less. (viii) Respiratory protection. Subpart I, § 1910.134; (ix) Toxic and hazardous substances. Subpart Z applies to marine cargo handling activities except for the following: (A) When a substance or cargo is contained within a sealed, intact means of packaging or containment complying with Department of Transportation or International Maritime Organization requirements; 1 1 The International Maritime Organization publishes the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code to aid compliance with the international legal requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1960. (B) Bloodborne pathogens, § 1910.1030; (C) Carbon monoxide, § 1910.1000 (See § 1918.94 (a)); and (D) Hydrogen sulfide, § 1910.1000 (See § 1… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.2.33.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards | § 1910.17 Effective dates. | OSHA | [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 61 FR 9235, Mar. 7, 1996] | (a)-(b) [Reserved] (c) Except whenever any employment or place of employment is, or becomes, subject to any safety and health standard prescribed in part 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, or 1926 of this title on a date before August 27, 1971, by virtue of the Construction Safety Act or the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, that occupational safety and health standard as incorporated by reference in this subpart shall also become effective under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 on that date. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.2.33.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards | § 1910.18 Changes in established Federal standards. | OSHA | Whenever an occupational safety and health standard adopted and incorporated by reference in this subpart B is changed pursuant to section 6(b) of the Act and the statute under which the standard was originally promulgated, and in accordance with part 1911 of this chapter, the standard shall be deemed changed for purposes of that statute and this subpart B, and shall apply under this subpart B. For the purposes of this section, a change in a standard includes any amendment, addition, or repeal, in whole or in part, of any standard. | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.2.33.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | B | Subpart B—Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards | § 1910.19 Special provisions for air contaminants. | OSHA | [43 FR 28473, June 30, 1978, as amended at 43 FR 45809, Oct. 3, 1978; 43 FR 53007, Nov. 14, 1978; 44 FR 5447, Jan. 26, 1979; 46 FR 32022, June 19, 1981; 49 FR 25796, June 22, 1984; 50 FR 51173, Dec. 13, 1985; 52 FR 46291, Dec. 4, 1987; 57 FR 35666, Aug. 10, 1992; 57 FR 42388, Sept. 14, 1992; 59 FR 41057, Aug. 10, 1994; 61 FR 56831, Nov. 4, 1996; 62 FR 1600, Jan. 10, 1997] | (a) Asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite dust. Section 1910.1001 shall apply to the exposure of every employee to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite dust in every employment and place of employment covered by § 1910.16, in lieu of any different standard on exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite dust which would otherwise be applicable by virtue of any of those sections. (b) Vinyl chloride. Section 1910.1017 shall apply to the exposure of every employee to vinyl chloride in every employment and place of employment covered by § 1910.12, § 1910.13, § 1910.14, § 1910.15, or § 1910.16, in lieu of any different standard on exposure to vinyl chloride which would otherwise be applicable by virtue of any of those sections. (c) Acrylonitrile. Section 1910.1045 shall apply to the exposure of every employee to acrylonitrile in every employment and place of employment covered by § 1910.12, § 1910.13, § 1910.14, § 1910.15, or § 1910.16, in lieu of any different standard on exposure to acrylonitrile which would otherwise be applicable by virtue of any of those sections. (d) [Reserved] (e) Inorganic arsenic. Section 1910.1018 shall apply to the exposure of every employee to inorganic arsenic in every employment covered by § 1910.12, § 1910.13, § 1910.14, § 1910.15, or § 1910.16, in lieu of any different standard on exposure to inorganic arsenic which would otherwise be applicable by virtue of any of those sections. (f) [Reserved] (g) Lead. Section 1910.1025 shall apply to the exposure of every employee to lead in every employment and place of employment covered by §§ 1910.13, 1910.14, 1910.15, and 1910.16, in lieu of any different standard on exposure to lead which would otherwise be applicable by virtue of those sections. (h) Ethylene oxide. Section 1910.1047 shall apply to the exposure of every employee to ethylene oxide in every employment and place of employment covered by § 1910.12, § 1910.13, § 1910.14, § 1910.15, or § 1910.16, in lieu of any differen… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.20.43.1 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | T | Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations | § 1910.401 Scope and application. | OSHA | [42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 53365, Nov. 26, 1982; 58 FR 35310, June 30, 1993; 69 FR 7363, Feb. 17, 2004] | (a) Scope. (1) This subpart (standard) applies to every place of employment within the waters of the United States, or within any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Wake Island, Johnston Island, the Canal Zone, or within the Outer Continental Shelf lands as defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (67 Stat. 462, 43 U.S.C. 1331), where diving and related support operations are performed. (2) This standard applies to diving and related support operations conducted in connection with all types of work and employments, including general industry, construction, ship repairing, shipbuilding, shipbreaking and longshoring. However, this standard does not apply to any diving operation: (i) Performed solely for instructional purposes, using open-circuit, compressed-air SCUBA and conducted within the no-decompression limits; (ii) Performed solely for search, rescue, or related public safety purposes by or under the control of a governmental agency; or (iii) Governed by 45 CFR part 46 (Protection of Human Subjects, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) or equivalent rules or regulations established by another federal agency, which regulate research, development, or related purposes involving human subjects. (iv) Defined as scientific diving and which is under the direction and control of a diving program containing at least the following elements: (A) Diving safety manual which includes at a minimum: Procedures covering all diving operations specific to the program; procedures for emergency care, including recompression and evacuation; and criteria for diver training and certification. (B) Diving control (safety) board, with the majority of its members being active divers, which shall at a minimum have the authority to: Approve and monitor diving projects; review and revise the diving safety manual; assure compliance with the manual; certify the depths to which a diver has been trained… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.20.43.2 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | T | Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations | § 1910.402 Definitions. | OSHA | [42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 53365, Nov. 26, 1982; 69 FR 7363, Feb. 17, 2004] | As used in this standard, the listed terms are defined as follows: Acfm: Actual cubic feet per minute. ASME Code or equivalent: ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, or an equivalent code which the employer can demonstrate to be equally effective. ATA: Atmosphere absolute. Bell: An enclosed compartment, pressurized (closed bell) or unpressurized (open bell), which allows the diver to be transported to and from the underwater work area and which may be used as a temporary refuge during diving operations. Bottom time: The total elasped time measured in minutes from the time when the diver leaves the surface in descent to the time that the diver begins ascent. Bursting pressure: The pressure at which a pressure containment device would fail structurally. Cylinder: A pressure vessel for the storage of gases. Decompression chamber: A pressure vessel for human occupancy such as a surface decompression chamber, closed bell, or deep diving system used to decompress divers and to treat decompression sickness. Decompression sickness: A condition with a variety of symptoms which may result from gas or bubbles in the tissues of divers after pressure reduction. Decompression table: A profile or set of profiles of depth-time relationships for ascent rates and breathing mixtures to be followed after a specific depth-time exposure or exposures. Dive-guiding operations means leading groups of sports divers, who use an open-circuit, semi-closed-circuit, or closed-circuit self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, to local undersea diving locations for recreational purposes. Dive location: A surface or vessel from which a diving operation is conducted. Dive-location reserve breathing gas: A supply system of air or mixed-gas (as appropriate) at the dive location which is independent of the primary supply system and sufficient to support divers during the planned decompression. Dive team: Divers and support employees involved in a diving operatio… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.20.44.3 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | T | Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations | § 1910.410 Qualifications of dive team. | OSHA | (a) General. (1) Each dive team member shall have the experience or training necessary to perform assigned tasks in a safe and healthful manner. (2) Each dive team member shall have experience or training in the following: (i) The use of tools, equipment and systems relevant to assigned tasks; (ii) Techniques of the assigned diving mode: and (iii) Diving operations and emergency procedures. (3) All dive team members shall be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid (American Red Cross standard course or equivalent). (4) Dive team members who are exposed to or control the exposure of others to hyperbaric conditions shall be trained in diving-related physics and physiology. (b) Assignments. (1) Each dive team member shall be assigned tasks in accordance with the employee's experience or training, except that limited additional tasks may be assigned to an employee undergoing training provided that these tasks are performed under the direct supervision of an experienced dive team member. (2) The employer shall not require a dive team member to be exposed to hyperbaric conditions against the employee's will, except when necessary to complete decompression or treatment procedures. (3) The employer shall not permit a dive team member to dive or be otherwise exposed to hyperbaric conditions for the duration of any temporary physical impairment or condition which is known to the employer and is likely to affect adversely the safety or health of a dive team member. (c) Designated person-in-charge. (1) The employer or an employee designated by the employer shall be at the dive location in charge of all aspects of the diving operation affecting the safety and health of dive team members. (2) The designated person-in-charge shall have experience and training in the conduct of the assigned diving operation. | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.20.45.4 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | T | Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations | § 1910.420 Safe practices manual. | OSHA | [42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984] | (a) General. The employer shall develop and maintain a safe practices manual which shall be made available at the dive location to each dive team member. (b) Contents. (1) The safe practices manual shall contain a copy of this standard and the employer's policies for implementing the requirements of this standard. (2) For each diving mode engaged in, the safe practices manual shall include: (i) Safety procedures and checklists for diving operations; (ii) Assignments and responsibilities of the dive team members; (iii) Equipment procedures and checklists; and (iv) Emergency procedures for fire, equipment failure, adverse environmental conditions, and medical illness and injury. | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.20.45.5 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | T | Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations | § 1910.421 Pre-dive procedures. | OSHA | [42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 14706, Apr. 6, 1982; 54 FR 24334, June 7, 1989] | (a) General. The employer shall comply with the following requirements prior to each diving operation, unless otherwise specified. (b) Emergency aid. A list shall be kept at the dive location of the telephone or call numbers of the following: (1) An operational decompression chamber (if not at the dive location); (2) Accessible hospitals; (3) Available physicians; (4) Available means of transportation; and (5) The nearest U.S. Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Center. (c) First aid supplies. (1) A first aid kit appropriate for the diving operation and approved by a physician shall be available at the dive location. (2) When used in a decompression chamber or bell, the first aid kit shall be suitable for use under hyperbaric conditions. (3) In addition to any other first aid supplies, an American Red Cross standard first aid handbook or equivalent, and a bag-type manual resuscitator with transparent mask and tubing shall be available at the dive location. (d) Planning and assessment. Planning of a diving operation shall include an assessment of the safety and health aspects of the following: (1) Diving mode; (2) Surface and underwater conditions and hazards; (3) Breathing gas supply (including reserves); (4) Thermal protection; (5) Diving equipment and systems; (6) Dive team assignments and physical fitness of dive team members (including any impairment known to the employer); (7) Repetitive dive designation or residual inert gas status of dive team members; (8) Decompression and treatment procedures (including altitude corrections); and (9) Emergency procedures. (e) Hazardous activities. To minimize hazards to the dive team, diving operations shall be coordinated with other activities in the vicinity which are likely to interfere with the diving operation. (f) Employee briefing. (1) Dive team members shall be briefed on: (i) The tasks to be undertaken; (ii) Safety procedures for the diving mode; (iii) Any unusual hazards or environmental conditions likely to affect the safety of … | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.20.45.6 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | T | Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations | § 1910.422 Procedures during dive. | OSHA | (a) General. The employer shall comply with the following requirements which are applicable to each diving operation unless otherwise specified. (b) Water entry and exit. (1) A means capable of supporting the diver shall be provided for entering and exiting the water. (2) The means provided for exiting the water shall extend below the water surface. (3) A means shall be provided to assist an injured diver from the water or into a bell. (c) Communications. (1) An operational two-way voice communication system shall be used between: (i) Each surface-supplied air or mixed-gas diver and a dive team member at the dive location or bell (when provided or required); and (ii) The bell and the dive location. (2) An operational, two-way communication system shall be available at the dive location to obtain emergency assistance. (d) Decompression tables. Decompression, repetitive, and no-decompression tables (as appropriate) shall be at the dive location. (e) Dive profiles. A depth-time profile, including when appropriate any breathing gas changes, shall be maintained for each diver during the dive including decompression. (f) Hand-held power tools and equipment. (1) Hand-held electrical tools and equipment shall be de-energized before being placed into or retrieved from the water. (2) Hand-held power tools shall not be supplied with power from the dive location until requested by the diver. (g) Welding and burning. (1) A current supply switch to interrupt the current flow to the welding or burning electrode shall be: (i) Tended by a dive team member in voice communication with the diver performing the welding or burning; and (ii) Kept in the open position except when the diver is welding or burning. (2) The welding machine frame shall be grounded. (3) Welding and burning cables, electrode holders, and connections shall be capable of carrying the maximum current required by the work, and shall be properly insulated. (4) Insulated gloves shall be provided to divers performing welding and burning… | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.20.45.7 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | T | Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations | § 1910.423 Post-dive procedures. | OSHA | [42 FR 37668, July 22, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984] | (a) General. The employer shall comply with the following requirements which are applicable after each diving operation, unless otherwise specified. (b) Precautions. (1) After the completion of any dive, the employer shall: (i) Check the physical condition of the diver; (ii) Instruct the diver to report any physical problems or adverse physiological effects including symptoms of decompression sickness; (iii) Advise the diver of the location of a decompression chamber which is ready for use; and (iv) Alert the diver to the potential hazards of flying after diving. (2) For any dive outside the no-decompression limits, deeper than 100 fsw or using mixed gas as a breathing mixture, the employer shall instruct the diver to remain awake and in the vicinity of the decompression chamber which is at the dive location for at least one hour after the dive (including decompression or treatment as appropriate). (c) Recompression capability. (1) A decompression chamber capable of recompressing the diver at the surface to a minimum of 165 fsw (6 ATA) shall be available at the dive location for: (i) Surface-supplied air diving to depths deeper than 100 fsw and shallower than 220 fsw; (ii) Mixed gas diving shallower than 300 fsw; or (iii) Diving outside the no-decompression limits shallower than 300 fsw. (2) A decompression chamber capable of recompressing the diver at the surface to the maximum depth of the dive shall be available at the dive location for dives deeper than 300 fsw. (3) The decompression chamber shall be: (i) Dual-lock; (ii) Multiplace; and (iii) Located within 5 minutes of the dive location. (4) The decompression chamber shall be equipped with: (i) A pressure gauge for each pressurized compartment designed for human occupancy; (ii) A built-in-breathing-system with a minimum of one mask per occupant; (iii) A two-way voice communication system between occupants and a dive team member at the dive location; (iv) A viewport; and (v) Illumination capability to light the interior. (5) Treatm… | ||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.20.46.10 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | T | Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations | § 1910.426 Mixed-gas diving. | OSHA | (a) General. Employers engaged in mixed-gas diving shall comply with the following requirements, unless otherwise specified. (b) Limits. Mixed-gas diving shall be conducted only when: (1) A decompression chamber is ready for use at the dive location; and (i) A bell is used at depths greater than 220 fsw or when the dive involves inwater decompression time of greater than 120 minutes, except when heavy gear is worn or when diving in physically confining spaces; or (ii) A closed bell is used at depths greater than 300 fsw, except when diving is conducted in physically confining spaces. (c) Procedures. (1) A separate dive team member shall tend each diver in the water. (2) A standby diver shall be available while a diver is in the water. (3) A diver shall be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces. (4) Each diving operation shall have a primary breathing gas supply sufficient to support divers for the duration of the planned dive including decompression. (5) Each diving operation shall have a dive-location reserve breathing gas supply. (6) When heavy gear is worn: (i) An extra breathing gas hose capable of supplying breathing gas to the diver in the water shall be available to the standby diver; and (ii) An inwater stage shall be provided to divers in the water. (7) An inwater stage shall be provided for divers without access to a bell for dives deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits. (8) When a closed bell is used, one dive team member in the bell shall be available and tend the diver in the water. (9) Except when heavy gear is worn or where physical space does not permit, a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each diver: (i) Diving deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits; or (ii) Prevented by the configuration of the dive area from directly ascending to the surface. | |||||
| 29:29:5.1.1.1.8.20.46.11 | 29 | Labor | XVII | 1910 | PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS | T | Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations | § 1910.427 Liveboating. | OSHA | (a) General. Employers engaged in diving operations involving liveboating shall comply with the following requirements. (b) Limits. Diving operations involving liveboating shall not be conducted: (1) With an inwater decompression time of greater than 120 minutes; (2) Using surface-supplied air at depths deeper than 190 fsw, except that dives with bottom times of 30 minutes or less may be conducted to depths of 220 fsw; (3) Using mixed gas at depths greater than 220 fsw; (4) In rough seas which significantly inpede diver mobility or work function; or (5) In other than daylight hours. (c) Procedures. (1) The propeller of the vessel shall be stopped before the diver enters or exits the water. (2) A device shall be used which minimizes the possibility of entanglement of the diver's hose in the propeller of the vessel. (3) Two-way voice communication between the designated person-in-charge and the person controlling the vessel shall be available while the diver is in the water. (4) A standby diver shall be available while a diver is in the water. (5) A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be carried by each diver engaged in liveboating operations. |
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title_number INTEGER,
title_name TEXT,
chapter TEXT,
subchapter TEXT,
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