cfr_sections
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47 rows where agency = "EPA" and part_number = 53 sorted by section_id
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| section_id ▼ | title_number | title_name | chapter | subchapter | part_number | part_name | subpart | subpart_name | section_number | section_heading | agency | authority | source_citation | amendment_citations | full_text |
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| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.1 Definitions. | EPA | [71 FR 61271, Oct. 17, 2006] | Terms used but not defined in this part shall have the meaning given them by the Act. Act means the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 1857-1857l), as amended. Additive and multiplicative bias means the linear regression intercept and slope of a linear plot fitted to corresponding candidate and reference method mean measurement data pairs. Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or his or her authorized representative. Agency means the Environmental Protection Agency. Applicant means a person or entity who submits an application for a Federal reference method or Federal equivalent method determination under § 53.4, or a person or entity who assumes the rights and obligations of an applicant under § 53.7. Applicant may include a manufacturer, distributor, supplier, or vendor. Automated method or analyzer means a method for measuring concentrations of an ambient air pollutant in which sample collection (if necessary), analysis, and measurement are performed automatically by an instrument. Candidate method means a method for measuring the concentration of an air pollutant in the ambient air for which an application for a Federal reference method determination or a Federal equivalent method determination is submitted in accordance with § 53.4, or a method tested at the initiative of the Administrator in accordance with § 53.7. Class I equivalent method means an equivalent method for PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 which is based on a sampler that is very similar to the sampler specified for reference methods in appendix L or appendix O (as applicable) of part 50 of this chapter, with only minor deviations or modifications, as determined by EPA. Class II equivalent method means an equivalent method for PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 that utilizes a PM 2.5 sampler or PM 10-2.5 sampler in which integrated PM 2.5 samples or PM 10-2.5 samples are obtained from the atmosphere by filtration and subjected to a subsequent filter conditioning process followed by a gravimetric mass de… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.10 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.10 Appeal from rejection of application. | EPA | Any applicant whose application for a reference or equivalent method determination has been rejected may appeal the Administrator's decision by taking one or more of the following actions: (a) The applicant may submit new or additional information in support of the application. (b) The applicant may request that the Administrator reconsider the data and information already submitted. (c) The applicant may request that any test conducted by the Administrator that was a material factor in the decision to reject the application be repeated. | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.11 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.11 Cancellation of reference or equivalent method designation. | EPA | (a) Preliminary finding. If the Administrator makes a preliminary finding on the basis of any available information that a representative sample of a method designated as a reference or equivalent method and offered for sale as such does not fully satisfy the requirements of this part or that there is any violation of the requirements set forth in § 53.9, the Administrator may initiate proceedings to cancel the designation in accordance with the following procedures. (b) Notification and opportunity to demonstrate or achieve compliance. (1) After making a preliminary finding in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Administrator will send notice of the preliminary finding to the applicant, together with a statement of the facts and reasons on which the preliminary finding is based, and will publish notice of the preliminary finding in the Federal Register. (2) The applicant will be afforded an opportunity to demonstrate or to achieve compliance with the requirements of this part within 60 days after publication of notice in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section or within such further period as the Administrator may allow, by demonstrating to the satisfaction of the Administrator that the method in question satisfies the requirements of this part, by commencing a program to make any adjustments that are necessary to bring the method into compliance, or by taking such action as may be necessary to cure any violation of the requirements of § 53.9. If adjustments are necessary to bring the method into compliance, all such adjustments shall be made within a reasonable time as determined by the Administrator. If the applicant demonstrates or achieves compliance in accordance with this paragraph (b)(2), the Administrator will publish notice of such demonstration or achievement in the Federal Register. (c) Request for hearing. Within 60 days after publication of a notice in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the applicant or any interested person may request a hearing as … | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.12 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.12 Request for hearing on cancellation. | EPA | Within 60 days after publication of a notice in accordance with § 53.11(b)(1), the applicant or any interested person may request a hearing on the Administrator's action. If, after reviewing the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that the request raises a substantial issue of fact, a hearing will be granted in accordance with § 53.13 with respect to such issue. The request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized representative of the applicant or interested person, and shall include a statement specifying: (a) Any objections to the Administrator's action. (b) Data or other information in support of such objections. | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.13 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.13 Hearings. | EPA | (a)(1) After granting a request for a hearing under § 53.12, the Administrator will designate a presiding officer for the hearing. (2) If a time and place for the hearing have not been fixed by the Administrator, the hearing will be held as soon as practicable at a time and place fixed by the presiding officer, except that the hearing shall in no case be held sooner than 30 days after publication of a notice of hearing in the Federal Register. (3) For purposes of the hearing, the parties shall include EPA, the applicant or interested person(s) who requested the hearing, and any person permitted to intervene in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (4) The Deputy General Counsel or the Deputy General Counsel's representative will represent EPA in any hearing under this section. (5) Each party other than EPA may be represented by counsel or by any other duly authorized representative. (b)(1) Upon appointment, the presiding officer will establish a hearing file. The file shall contain copies of the notices issued by the Administrator pursuant to § 53.11(b)(1), together with any accompanying material, the request for a hearing and supporting data submitted therewith, the notice of hearing published in accordance with paragraph (a)(2) of this section, and correspondence and other material data relevant to the hearing. (2) The hearing file shall be available for inspection by the parties or their representatives at the office of the presiding officer, except to the extent that it contains information identified in accordance with § 53.15. (c) The presiding officer may permit any interested person to intervene in the hearing upon such a showing of interest as the presiding officer may require; provided that permission to intervene may be denied in the interest of expediting the hearing where it appears that the interests of the person seeking to intervene will be adequately represented by another party (or by other parties), including EPA. (d)(1) The presiding officer, upon the request of any party or … | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.14 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.14 Modification of a reference or equivalent method. | EPA | [62 FR 38784, July 18, 1997, as amended at 80 FR 65460, Oct. 26, 2015; 89 FR 16382, Mar. 6, 2024] | (a) An applicant who offers a method for sale as a reference or equivalent method shall report to the EPA Administrator prior to implementation any intended modification of the method, including but not limited to modifications of design or construction or of operational and maintenance procedures specified in the operation manual (see § 53.9(g)). The report shall be signed by an authorized representative of the applicant, marked in accordance with § 53.15 (if applicable), and addressed as specified in § 53.4(a). (b) A report submitted under paragraph (a) of this section shall include: (1) A description, in such detail as may be appropriate, of the intended modification. (2) A brief statement of the applicant's belief that the modification will, will not, or may affect the performance characteristics of the method. (3) A brief statement of the probable effect if the applicant believes the modification will or may affect the performance characteristics of the method. (4) Such further information, including test data, as may be necessary to explain and support any statement required by paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section. (c) Within 90 calendar days after receiving a report under paragraph (a) of this section, the Administrator will take one or more of the following actions: (1) Notify the applicant that the designation will continue to apply to the method if the modification is implemented. (2) Send notice to the applicant that a new designation will apply to the method (as modified) if the modification is implemented, submit notice of the determination for publication in the Federal Register, and revise or supplement the list referred to in § 53.8(c) to reflect the determination. (3) Send notice to the applicant that the designation will not apply to the method (as modified) if the modification is implemented and submit notice of the determination for publication in the Federal Register. (4) Send notice to the applicant that additional information must be submitted before a determination can… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.15 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.15 Trade secrets and confidential or privileged information. | EPA | Any information submitted under this part that is claimed to be a trade secret or confidential or privileged information shall be marked or otherwise clearly identified as such in the submittal. Information so identified will be treated in accordance with part 2 of this chapter (concerning public information). | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.16 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.16 Supersession of reference methods. | EPA | (a) This section prescribes procedures and criteria applicable to requests that the Administrator specify a new reference method, or a new measurement principle and calibration procedure on which reference methods shall be based, by revision of the appropriate appendix to part 50 of this chapter. Such action will ordinarily be taken only if the Administrator determines that a candidate method or a variation thereof is substantially superior to the existing reference method(s). (b) In exercising discretion under this section, the Administrator will consider: (1) The benefits, in terms of the requirements and purposes of the Act, that would result from specifying a new reference method or a new measurement principle and calibration procedure. (2) The potential economic consequences of such action for State and local control agencies. (3) Any disruption of State and local air quality monitoring programs that might result from such action. (c) An applicant who wishes the Administrator to consider revising an appendix to part 50 of this chapter on the ground that the applicant's candidate method is substantially superior to the existing reference method(s) shall submit an application for a reference or equivalent method determination in accordance with § 53.4 and shall indicate therein that such consideration is desired. The application shall include, in addition to the information required by § 53.4, data and any other information supporting the applicant's claim that the candidate method is substantially superior to the existing reference method(s). (d) After receiving an application under paragraph (c) of this section, the Administrator will publish notice of its receipt in the Federal Register and, within 120 calendar days after receipt of the application, take one of the following actions: (1) Determine that it is appropriate to propose a revision of the appendix to part 50 of this chapter in question and send notice of the determination to the applicant. (2) Determine that it is inappropriate to propos… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.2 General requirements for a reference method determination. | EPA | [71 FR 61271, Oct. 17, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 35597, June 22, 2010] | The following general requirements for a Federal reference method (FRM) determination are summarized in table A-1 of this subpart. (a) Manual methods —(1) Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and Lead. For measuring SO 2 and lead, appendixes A-2 and G of part 50 of this chapter specify unique manual FRM for measuring those pollutants. Except as provided in § 53.16, other manual methods for lead will not be considered for a reference method determination under this part. (2) PM 10 . A FRM for measuring PM 10 must be a manual method that meets all requirements specified in appendix J of part 50 of this chapter and must include a PM 10 sampler that has been shown in accordance with this part to meet all requirements specified in this subpart A and subpart D of this part. (3) PM 2.5 . A FRM for measuring PM 2.5 must be a manual method that meets all requirements specified in appendix L of part 50 of this chapter and must include a PM 2.5 sampler that has been shown in accordance with this part to meet the applicable requirements specified in this subpart A and subpart E of this part. Further, FRM samplers must be manufactured in an ISO 9001-registered facility, as defined in § 53.1 and as set forth in § 53.51. (4) PM 10-2.5 . A FRM for measuring PM 10-2.5 must be a manual method that meets all requirements specified in appendix O of part 50 of this chapter and must include PM 10C and PM 2.5 samplers that have been shown in accordance with this part to meet the applicable requirements specified in this subpart A and subpart E of this part. Further, PM 10-2.5 FRM samplers must be manufactured in an ISO 9001-registered facility, as defined in § 53.1 and as set forth in § 53.51. (b) Automated methods. An automated FRM for measuring SO 2 , CO, O 3 , or NO 2 must utilize the measurement principle and calibration procedure specified in the appropriate appendix to part 50 of this chapter (appendix A-1 only for SO 2 methods) and must have been shown in accordance with this part to meet the requirements specif… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.3 General requirements for an equivalent method determination. | EPA | [71 FR 61271, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) Manual methods. A manual Federal equivalent method (FEM) must have been shown in accordance with this part to satisfy the applicable requirements specified in this subpart A and subpart C of this part. In addition, a PM sampler associated with a manual method for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , or PM 10-2.5 must have been shown in accordance with this part to satisfy the following additional requirements, as applicable: (1) PM 10 . A PM 10 sampler associated with a manual method for PM 10 must satisfy the requirements of subpart D of this part. (2) PM 2.5 Class I. A PM 2.5 Class I FEM sampler must also satisfy all requirements of subpart E of this part, which shall include appropriate demonstration that each and every deviation or modification from the FRM sampler specifications does not significantly alter the performance of the sampler. (3) PM 2.5 Class II. (i) A PM 2.5 Class II FEM sampler must also satisfy the applicable requirements of subparts E and F of this part or the alternative requirements in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of this section. (ii) In lieu of the applicable requirements specified for Class II PM 2.5 methods in subparts C and F of this part, a Class II PM 2.5 FEM sampler may alternatively meet the applicable requirements in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section and the testing, performance, and comparability requirements specified for Class III equivalent methods for PM 2.5 in subpart C of this part. (4) PM 10-2.5 Class I. A PM 10-2.5 Class I FEM sampler must also satisfy the applicable requirements of subpart E of this part (there are no additional requirements specifically for Class I PM 10-2.5 methods in subpart C of this part). (5) PM 10-2.5 Class II. (i) A PM 10-2.5 Class II FEM sampler must also satisfy the applicable requirements of subpart C of this part and also the applicable requirements and provisions of paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section, or the alternative requirements in paragraph (a)(5)(ii) of this section. (ii) In l… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.4 Applications for reference or equivalent method determinations. | EPA | [71 FR 61271, Oct. 17, 2006, as amended at 89 FR 16382, Mar. 6, 2024] | (a) Applications for FRM or FEM determinations and modification requests of existing designated instruments shall be submitted to: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Director, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Reference and Equivalent Methods Designation Program (MD-D205-03), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12055, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 (commercial delivery address: 4930 Old Page Road, Durham, North Carolina 27703). (b) Each application shall be signed by an authorized representative of the applicant, shall be marked in accordance with § 53.15 (if applicable), and shall contain the following: (1) A clear identification of the candidate method, which will distinguish it from all other methods such that the method may be referred to unambiguously. This identification must consist of a unique series of descriptors such as title, identification number, analyte, measurement principle, manufacturer, brand, model, etc., as necessary to distinguish the method from all other methods or method variations, both within and outside the applicant's organization. (2) A detailed description of the candidate method, including but not limited to the following: The measurement principle, manufacturer, name, model number and other forms of identification, a list of the significant components, schematic diagrams, design drawings, and a detailed description of the apparatus and measurement procedures. Drawings and descriptions pertaining to candidate methods or samplers for PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 must meet all applicable requirements in reference 1 of appendix A of this subpart, using appropriate graphical, nomenclature, and mathematical conventions such as those specified in references 3 and 4 of appendix A of this subpart. (3) A copy of a comprehensive operation or instruction manual providing a complete and detailed description of the operational, maintenance, and calibration procedures prescribed for field use of the candidate method and all instruments utilized as part of that met… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.5 Processing of applications. | EPA | [71 FR 61271, Oct. 17, 2006] | After receiving an application for a FRM or FEM determination, the Administrator will, within 120 calendar days after receipt of the application, take one or more of the following actions: (a) Send notice to the applicant, in accordance with § 53.8, that the candidate method has been determined to be a reference or equivalent method. (b) Send notice to the applicant that the application has been rejected, including a statement of reasons for rejection. (c) Send notice to the applicant that additional information must be submitted before a determination can be made and specify the additional information that is needed (in such cases, the 120-day period shall commence upon receipt of the additional information). (d) Send notice to the applicant that additional test data must be submitted and specify what tests are necessary and how the tests shall be interpreted (in such cases, the 120-day period shall commence upon receipt of the additional test data). (e) Send notice to the applicant that the application has been found to be substantially deficient or incomplete and cannot be processed until additional information is submitted to complete the application and specify the general areas of substantial deficiency. (f) Send notice to the applicant that additional tests will be conducted by the Administrator, specifying the nature of and reasons for the additional tests and the estimated time required (in such cases, the 120-day period shall commence 1 calendar day after the additional tests have been completed). | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.6 Right to witness conduct of tests. | EPA | (a) Submission of an application for a reference or equivalent method determination shall constitute consent for the Administrator or the Administrator's authorized representative, upon presentation of appropriate credentials, to witness or observe any tests required by this part in connection with the application or in connection with any modification or intended modification of the method by the applicant. (b) The applicant shall have the right to witness or observe any test conducted by the Administrator in connection with the application or in connection with any modification or intended modification of the method by the applicant. (c) Any tests by either party that are to be witnessed or observed by the other party shall be conducted at a time and place mutually agreeable to both parties. | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.7 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.7 Testing of methods at the initiative of the Administrator. | EPA | (a) In the absence of an application for a reference or equivalent method determination, the Administrator may conduct the tests required by this part for such a determination, may compile such other information as may be necessary in the judgment of the Administrator to make such a determination, and on the basis of the tests and information may determine that a method satisfies applicable requirements of this part. (b) In the absence of an application requesting the Administrator to consider revising an appendix to part 50 of this chapter in accordance with § 53.16, the Administrator may conduct such tests and compile such information as may be necessary in the Administrator's judgment to make a determination under § 53.16(d) and on the basis of the tests and information make such a determination. (c) If a method tested in accordance with this section is designated as a reference or equivalent method in accordance with § 53.8 or is specified or designated as a reference method in accordance with § 53.16, any person or entity who offers the method for sale as a reference or equivalent method thereafter shall assume the rights and obligations of an applicant for purposes of this part, with the exception of those pertaining to submission and processing of applications. | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.8 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.8 Designation of reference and equivalent methods. | EPA | [71 FR 61276, Oct. 17, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 35597, June 22, 2010; 89 FR 16382, Mar. 6, 2024] | (a) A candidate method determined by the Administrator to satisfy the applicable requirements of this part shall be designated as an FRM or FEM (as applicable) by and upon publication of the designation in the Federal Register. Applicants shall not publicly announce, market, or sell the candidate sampler and analyzer as an approved FRM or FEM (as applicable) until the designation is published in the Federal Register . (b) Upon designation, a notice indicating that the method has been designated as a FRM or FEM shall be sent to the applicant. (c) The Administrator will maintain a current list of methods designated as FRM or FEM in accordance with this part and will send a copy of the list to any person or group upon request. A copy of the list will be available via the Internet and may be available from other sources. | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.1.1.9 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | A | Subpart A—General Provisions | § 53.9 Conditions of designation. | EPA | [71 FR 61276, Oct. 17, 2006, as amended at 78 FR 3281, Jan. 15, 2013; 80 FR 65460, Oct. 26, 2015] | Designation of a candidate method as a FRM or FEM shall be conditioned to the applicant's compliance with the following requirements. Failure to comply with any of the requirements shall constitute a ground for cancellation of the designation in accordance with § 53.11. (a) Any method offered for sale as a FRM or FEM shall be accompanied by a copy of the manual referred to in § 53.4(b)(3) when delivered to any ultimate purchaser, and an electronic copy of the manual suitable for incorporating into user-specific standard operating procedure documents shall be readily available to any users. (b) Any method offered for sale as a FRM or FEM shall generate no unreasonable hazard to operators or to the environment during normal use or when malfunctioning. (c) Any analyzer, PM 10 sampler, PM 2.5 sampler, or PM 10-2.5 sampler offered for sale as part of an FRM or FEM shall function within the limits of the performance specifications referred to in § 53.20(a), § 53.30(a), § 53.35, § 53.50, or § 53.60, as applicable, for at least 1 year after delivery and acceptance when maintained and operated in accordance with the manual referred to in § 53.4(b)(3). (d) Any analyzer, PM 10 sampler, PM 2.5 sampler, or PM 10-2.5 sampler offered for sale as a FRM or FEM shall bear a prominent, permanently affixed label or sticker indicating that the analyzer or sampler has been designated by EPA as a FRM or FEM (as applicable) in accordance with this part and displaying any designated method identification number that may be assigned by EPA. (e) If an analyzer is offered for sale as a FRM or FEM and has one or more selectable ranges, the label or sticker required by paragraph (d) of this section shall be placed in close proximity to the range selector and shall indicate clearly which range or ranges have been designated as parts of the FRM or FEM. (f) An applicant who offers analyzers, PM 10 samplers, PM 2.5 samplers, or PM 10-2.5 samplers for sale as FRM or FEMs shall maintain an accurate and current list of the na… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.2.1.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Automated Methods for SO | § 53.20 General provisions. | EPA | (a) The test procedures given in this subpart shall be used to test the performance of candidate automated methods against the performance requirement specifications given in table B-1 to subpart B of part 53. A test analyzer representative of the candidate automated method must exhibit performance better than, or not outside, the specified limit or limits for each such performance parameter specified (except range) to satisfy the requirements of this subpart. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the measurement range of the candidate method must be the standard range specified in table B-1 to subpart B of part 53 to satisfy the requirements of this subpart. (b) Measurement ranges. For a candidate method having more than one selectable measurement range, one range must be the standard range specified in table B-1 to subpart B of part 53, and a test analyzer representative of the method must pass the tests required by this subpart while operated in that range. (i) Higher ranges. The tests may be repeated for one or more higher (broader) ranges ( i.e., ranges extending to higher concentrations) than the standard range specified in table B-1 to subpart B of part 53, provided that the range does not extend to concentrations more than four times the upper range limit of the standard range specified in table B-1 to subpart B of part 53. For such higher ranges, only the tests for range (calibration), noise at 80% of the upper range limit, and lag, rise and fall time are required to be repeated. For the purpose of testing a higher range, the test procedure of § 53.23(e) may be abridged to include only those components needed to test lag, rise and fall time. (ii) Lower ranges. The tests may be repeated for one or more lower (narrower) ranges ( i.e., ones extending to lower concentrations) than the standard range specified in table B-1 to subpart B of part 53. For methods for some pollutants, table B-1 to subpart B of part 53 specifies special performance limit requirements for lower ranges. If s… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.2.1.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Automated Methods for SO | § 53.21 Test conditions. | EPA | (a) Set-up and start-up of the test analyzer shall be in strict accordance with the operating instructions specified in the manual referred to in § 53.4(b)(3). Allow adequate warm-up or stabilization time as indicated in the operating instructions before beginning the tests. The test procedures assume that the test analyzer has a conventional analog measurement signal output that is connected to a suitable strip chart recorder of the servo, null-balance type. This recorder shall have a chart width of at least 25 centimeters, chart speeds up to 10 cm per hour, a response time of 1 second or less, a deadband of not more than 0.25 percent of full scale, and capability either of reading measurements at least 5 percent below zero or of offsetting the zero by at least 5 percent. If the test analyzer does not have an analog signal output, or if a digital or other type of measurement data output is used for the tests, an alternative measurement data recording device (or devices) may be used for recording the test data, provided that the device is reasonably suited to the nature and purposes of the tests, and an analog representation of the analyzer measurements for each test can be plotted or otherwise generated that is reasonably similar to the analog measurement recordings that would be produced by a conventional chart recorder connected to a conventional analog signal output. (b) Calibration of the test analyzer shall be carried out prior to conducting the tests described in this subpart. The calibration shall be as indicated in the manual referred to in § 53.4(b)(3) and as follows: If the chart recorder or alternative data recorder does not have below zero capability, adjust either the controls of the test analyzer or the chart or data recorder to obtain a + 5% offset zero reading on the recorder chart to facilitate observing negative response or drift. If the candidate method is not capable of negative response, the test analyzer (not the data recorder) shall be operated with a similar offset zero. Construct an… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.2.1.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Automated Methods for SO | § 53.22 Generation of test atmospheres. | EPA | (a) Table B-2 to subpart B of part 53 specifies preferred methods for generating test atmospheres and suggested methods of verifying their concentrations. Only one means of establishing the concentration of a test atmosphere is normally required, provided that that means is adequately accurate and credible. If the method of generation can produce accurate, reproducible concentrations, verification is optional. If the method of generation is not reproducible or reasonably quantifiable, then establishment of the concentration by some credible verification method is required. (b) The test atmosphere delivery system shall be designed and constructed so as not to significantly alter the test atmosphere composition or concentration during the period of the test. The system shall be vented to insure that test atmospheres are presented to the test analyzer at very nearly atmospheric pressure. The delivery system shall be fabricated from borosilicate glass, FEP Teflon, or other material that is inert with regard to the gas or gases to be used. (c) The output of the test atmosphere generation system shall be sufficiently stable to obtain stable response readings from the test analyzer during the required tests. If a permeation device is used for generation of a test atmosphere, the device, as well as the air passing over it, shall be controlled to 0.1 °C. (d) All diluent air shall be zero air free of contaminants likely to react with the test atmospheres or cause a detectable response on the test analyzer. (e) The concentration of each test atmosphere used shall be quantitatively established and/or verified before or during each series of tests. Samples for verifying test concentrations shall be collected from the test atmosphere delivery system as close as feasible to the sample intake port of the test analyzer. (f) The accuracy of all flow measurements used to calculate test atmosphere concentrations shall be documented and referenced to a primary flow rate or volume standard (such as a spirometer, bubble meter, et… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.2.1.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | B | Subpart B—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Automated Methods for SO | § 53.23 Test procedures. | EPA | [76 FR 54326, Aug. 31, 2011, as amended at 80 FR 65460, Oct. 26, 2015] | (a) Range —(1) Technical definition. The nominal minimum and maximum concentrations that a method is capable of measuring. The nominal range is given as the lower and upper range limits in concentration units, for example, 0-0.5 parts per million (ppm). (2) Test procedure. Determine and submit a suitable calibration curve, as specified in § 53.21(b), showing the test analyzer's measurement response over at least 95 percent of the required or indicated measurement range. A single calibration curve for each measurement range for which an FRM or FEM designation is sought will normally suffice. (b) Noise —(1) Technical definition. Spontaneous, short duration deviations in measurements or measurement signal output, about the mean output, that are not caused by input concentration changes. Measurement noise is determined as the standard deviation of a series of measurements of a constant concentration about the mean and is expressed in concentration units. (2) Test procedure. (i) Allow sufficient time for the test analyzer to warm up and stabilize. Determine measurement noise at each of two fixed concentrations, first using zero air and then a pollutant test gas concentration as indicated below. The noise limit specification in table B-1 to subpart B of part 53 shall apply to both of these tests. (ii) For an analyzer with an analog signal output, connect an integrating-type digital meter (DM) suitable for the test analyzer's output and accurate to three significant digits, to determine the analyzer's measurement output signal. Use of a chart recorder in addition to the DM is optional. (iii) Measure zero air with the test analyzer for 60 minutes. During this 60-minute interval, record twenty-five (25) test analyzer concentration measurements or DM readings at 2-minute intervals. (See Figure B-2 in appendix A of this subpart.) (iv) If applicable, convert each DM test reading to concentration units (ppm) or adjust the test readings (if necessary) by reference to the test analyzer's calibration curve as … | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.3.1.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Determining Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods | § 53.30 General provisions. | EPA | (a) Determination of comparability. The test procedures prescribed in this subpart shall be used to determine if a candidate method is comparable to a reference method when both methods measure pollutant concentrations in ambient air. Minor deviations in testing requirements and acceptance requirements set forth in this subpart, in connection with any documented extenuating circumstances, may be determined by the Administrator to be acceptable, at the discretion of the Administrator. (b) Selection of test sites. (1) Each test site shall be in an area which can be shown to have at least moderate concentrations of various pollutants. Each site shall be clearly identified and shall be justified as an appropriate test site with suitable supporting evidence such as a description of the surrounding area, characterization of the sources and pollutants typical in the area, maps, population density data, vehicular traffic data, emission inventories, pollutant measurements from previous years, concurrent pollutant measurements, meteorological data, and other information useful in supporting the suitability of the site for the comparison test or tests. (2) If approval of one or more proposed test sites is desired prior to conducting the tests, a written request for approval of the test site or sites must be submitted to the address given in § 53.4. The request should include information identifying the type of candidate method and one or more specific proposed test sites along with a justification for each proposed specific site as described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. The EPA will evaluate each proposed site and approve the site, disapprove the site, or request more information about the site. Any such pre-test approval of a test site by the EPA shall indicate only that the site meets the applicable test site requirements for the candidate method type; it shall not indicate, suggest, or imply that test data obtained at the site will necessarily meet any of the applicable data acceptance requirements. The Adm… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.3.1.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Determining Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods | § 53.31 [Reserved] | EPA | |||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.3.1.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Determining Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods | § 53.32 Test procedures for methods for SO | EPA | [62 FR 38784, July 18, 1997, as amended at 75 FR 35601, June 22, 2010; 80 FR 65466, Oct. 26, 2015] | (a) Comparability. Comparability is shown for SO 2 , CO, O 3 , and NO 2 methods when the differences between: (1) Measurements made by a candidate manual method or by a test analyzer representative of a candidate automated method, and; (2) Measurements made simultaneously by a reference method are less than or equal to the values for maximum discrepancy specified in table C-1 of this subpart. (b) Test measurements. All test measurements are to be made at the same test site. If necessary, the concentration of pollutant in the sampled ambient air may be augmented with artificially generated pollutant to facilitate measurements in the specified ranges, as described under paragraph (f)(4) of this section. (c) Requirements for measurements or samples. All test measurements made or test samples collected by means of a sample manifold as specified in paragraph (f)(4) of this section shall be at a room temperature between 20° and 30 °C, and at a line voltage between 105 and 125 volts. All methods shall be calibrated as specified in § 53.30(f) prior to initiation of the tests. (d) Set-up and start-up. (1) Set-up and start-up of the test analyzer, test sampler(s), and reference method shall be in strict accordance with the applicable operation manual(s). If the test analyzer does not have an integral strip chart or digital data recorder, connect the analyzer output to a suitable strip chart or digital data recorder. This recorder shall have a chart width of at least 25 centimeters, a response time of 1 second or less, a deadband of not more than 0.25 percent of full scale, and capability of either reading measurements at least 5 percent below zero or offsetting the zero by at least 5 percent. Digital data shall be recorded at appropriate time intervals such that trend plots similar to a strip chart recording may be constructed with a similar or suitable level of detail. (2) Other data acquisition components may be used along with the chart recorder during the conduct of these tests. Use of the chart recorder… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.3.1.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Determining Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods | § 53.33 Test Procedure for Methods for Lead (Pb). | EPA | [73 FR 67057, Nov. 12, 2008] | (a) General. The reference method for Pb in TSP includes two parts, the reference method for high-volume sampling of TSP as specified in 40 CFR 50, appendix B and the analysis method for Pb in TSP as specified in 40 CFR 50, appendix G. Correspondingly, the reference method for Pb in PM 10 includes the reference method for low-volume sampling of PM 10 in 40 CFR 50, appendix O and the analysis method of Pb in PM 10 as specified in 40 CFR 50, appendix Q. This section explains the procedures for demonstrating the equivalence of either a candidate method for Pb in TSP to the high-volume reference methods, or a candidate method for Pb in PM 10 to the low-volume reference methods. (1) Pb in TSP—A candidate method for Pb in TSP specifies reporting of Pb concentrations in terms of standard temperature and pressure. Comparisons of candidate methods to the reference method in 40 CFR 50, appendix G must be made in a consistent manner with regard to temperature and pressure. (2) Pb in PM 10 —A candidate method for Pb in PM 10 must specify reporting of Pb concentrations in terms of local conditions of temperature and pressure, which will be compared to similarly reported concentrations from the reference method in 40 CFR 50 appendix Q. (b) Comparability. Comparability is shown for Pb methods when the differences between: (1) Measurements made by a candidate method, and (2) Measurements made by the reference method on simultaneously collected Pb samples (or the same sample, if applicable), are less than or equal to the values specified in table C-3 of this subpart. (c) Test measurements. Test measurements may be made at any number of test sites. Augmentation of pollutant concentrations is not permitted, hence an appropriate test site or sites must be selected to provide Pb concentrations in the specified range. (d) Collocated samplers. The ambient air intake points of all the candidate and reference method collocated samplers shall be positioned at the same height above the ground level, and between 2 … | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.3.1.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Determining Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods | § 53.34 Test procedure for methods for PM | EPA | (a) Comparability. Comparability is shown for PM 10 methods and for Class I methods for PM 2.5 when the relationship between: (1) Measurements made by a candidate method, and (2) Measurements made by a corresponding reference method on simultaneously collected samples (or the same sample, if applicable) at each of one or more test sites (as required) is such that the linear regression parameters (slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient) describing the relationship meet the requirements specified in table C-4 of this subpart. (b) Methods for PM 10 . Test measurements must be made, or derived from particulate samples collected, at not less than two test sites, each of which must be located in a geographical area characterized by ambient particulate matter that is significantly different in nature and composition from that at the other test site(s). Augmentation of pollutant concentrations is not permitted, hence appropriate test sites must be selected to provide the minimum number of test PM 10 concentrations in the ranges specified in table C-4 of this subpart. The tests at the two sites may be conducted in different calendar seasons, if appropriate, to provide PM 10 concentrations in the specified ranges. (c) PM 10 methods employing the same sampling procedure as the reference method but a different analytical method. Candidate methods for PM 10 which employ a sampler and sample collection procedure that are identical to the sampler and sample collection procedure specified in the reference method, but use a different analytical procedure, may be tested by analyzing common samples. The common samples shall be collected according to the sample collection procedure specified by the reference method and shall be analyzed in accordance with the analytical procedures of both the candidate method and the reference method. (d) Methods for PM 2.5 . Augmentation of pollutant concentrations is not permitted, hence appropriate test sites must be selected to provide the minimum number of test mea… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.3.1.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | C | Subpart C—Procedures for Determining Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods | § 53.35 Test procedure for Class II and Class III methods for PM | EPA | [71 FR 61278, Oct. 17, 2006, as amended at 72 FR 32202, June 12, 2007; 89 FR 16386, Mar. 6, 2024] | (a) Overview. Class II and Class III candidate equivalent methods shall be tested for comparability of PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 measurements to corresponding collocated PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 reference method measurements at each of multiple field sites, as required. Comparability is shown for the candidate method when simultaneous collocated measurements made by candidate and reference methods meet the comparability requirements specified in this section § 53.35 and in table C-4 of this subpart at each of the required test sites. (b) Test sites and seasons. A summary of the test site and seasonal testing requirements is presented in table C-5 of this subpart. (1) Test sites. Comparability testing is required at each of the applicable U.S. test sites required by this paragraph (b). Each test site must also meet the general test site requirements specified in § 53.30(b). (i) PM 2.5 Class II and Class III candidate methods. Test sites should be chosen to provide representative chemical and meteorological characteristics with respect to nitrates, sulfates, organic compounds, and various levels of temperature, humidity, wind, and elevation. For Class III methods, one test site shall be selected in each of the following four general locations (A, B, C, and D). For Class II methods, two test sites, one western site (A or B) and one midwestern or eastern site (C or D), shall be selected from these locations. (A) Test site A shall be in the Los Angeles basin or California Central Valley area in a location that is characterized by relatively high PM 2.5 , nitrates, and semi-volatile organic pollutants. (B) Test site B shall be in a western city such as Denver, Salt Lake City, or Albuquerque in an area characterized by cold weather, higher elevation, winds, and dust. (C) Test site C shall be in a midwestern city characterized by substantial temperature variation, high nitrates, and wintertime conditions. (D) Test site D shall be in a northeastern or mid-Atlantic city that is seasonally characterized by hi… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.4.1.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | D | Subpart D—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Methods for PM | § 53.40 General provisions. | EPA | (a) The test procedures prescribed in this subpart shall be used to test the performance of candidate methods for PM 10 against the performance specifications given in table D-1. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a test sampler or samplers representative of the sampler described in the candidate method must exhibit performance better than, or equal to, the specified value for each performance parameter, to satisfy the requirements of this subpart. (b) For a candidate method using a PM 10 sampler previously approved as part of a designated PM 10 method, only the test for precision need be conducted and passed to satisfy the requirements of this subpart. For a candidate method using a PM 10 sampler inlet previously approved as part of a designated PM 10 method, the tests for precision and flow rate stability must be conducted and passed to satisfy the requirements of this subpart; the tests for sampling effectiveness and 50 percent cutpoint need not be conducted if suitable rationale is provided to demonstrate that test results submitted for the previously approved method are applicable to the candidate method. (c) The liquid particle sampling effectiveness and 50 percent cutpoint of a test sampler shall be determined in a wind tunnel using 10 particle sizes and three wind speeds as specified in table D-2. A minimum of 3 replicate measurements of sampling effectiveness shall be required for each of the 30 test conditions for a minimum of 90 test measurements. (d) For the liquid particle sampling effectiveness parameter, a smooth curve plot shall be constructed of sampling effectiveness (percent) versus aerodynamic particle diameter (µm) for each of the three wind speeds. These plots shall be used to calculate the expected mass concentration for the test sampler, using the procedure in § 53.43(a). The candidate method passes the liquid particle sampling effectiveness test if the expected mass concentration calculated for the test sampler at each wind speed differs by no more than ±10 … | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.4.1.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | D | Subpart D—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Methods for PM | § 53.41 Test conditions. | EPA | (a) Set-up and start-up of all test samplers shall be in strict accordance with the operating instructions specified in the manual referred to in § 53.4(b)(3). (b) If the internal surface or surfaces of the candidate method's sampler inlet on which the particles removed by the inlet are collected is a dry surface (i.e., not normally coated with oil or grease), those surfaces shall be cleaned prior to conducting wind tunnel tests with solid particles. (c) Once the test sampler or samplers have been set up and the performance tests started, manual adjustment shall be permitted only between test points for the sampling effectiveness and 50 percent cutpoint tests or between test days for the precision and flow rate stability tests. The manual adjustments and any periodic maintenance shall be limited to only those procedures prescribed in the manual referred to in § 53.4(b)(3). The submitted records shall show clearly when any manual adjustment or periodic maintenance was made and shall describe the operations performed. (d) If a test sampler malfunctions during any of the sampling effectiveness and 50 percent cutpoint tests, that test run shall be repeated. If a test sampler malfunctions during any of the precision and flow rate stability tests, that day's test shall be repeated. A detailed explanation of all malfunctions and the remedial actions taken shall be submitted to EPA with the application. | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.4.1.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | D | Subpart D—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Methods for PM | § 53.42 Generation of test atmospheres for wind tunnel tests. | EPA | (a) A vibrating orifice aerosol generator shall be used to produce monodispersed liquid particles of oleic acid tagged with uranine dye and monodispersed solid particles of ammonium fluoroscein with equivalent aerodynamic diameters as specified in table D-2. The geometric standard deviation for each particle size and type generated shall not exceed 1.1 (for primary particles) and the proportion of multiplets (doublets and triplets) in a test particle atmosphere shall not exceed 10 percent. The particle delivery system shall consist of a blower system and a wind tunnel having a test section of sufficiently large cross-sectional area such that the test sampler, or portion thereof, as installed in the test section for testing, blocks no more than 15 percent of that area. To be acceptable, the blower system must be capable of achieving uniform wind speeds at the speeds specified in table D-2. Table D-2—Particle Sizes and Wind Speeds for Sampling Effectiveness Tests a Mass median aerodynamic diameter. l = liquid particle. s = solid particle. Number of liquid particle test points (minimum of 3 replicates for each combination of particle size and wind speed): 90. Number of solid particle test points (minimum of 3 replicates for each combination of particle size and wind speed): 6. Total number of test points: 96. (b) The size of the test particles delivered to the test section of the wind tunnel shall be established using the operating parameters of the vibrating orifice aerosol generator and shall be verified during the tests by microscopic examination of samples of the particles collected on glass slides or other suitable substrates. When sizing liquid particles on glass slides, the slides should be pretreated with an oleophobic surfactant and an appropriate flattening factor shall be used in the calculation of aerodynamic diameter. The particle size, as established by the operating parameters of the vibrating orifice aerosol generator, shall be within the tolerance specified in table D-2. The precision of t… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.4.1.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | D | Subpart D—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Methods for PM | § 53.43 Test procedures. | EPA | [52 FR 24729, July 1, 1987, as amended at 89 FR 16387, Mar. 6, 2024] | (a) Sampling effectiveness —(1) Technical definition. The ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the mass concentration of particles of a given size reaching the sampler filter or filters to the mass concentration of particles of the same size approaching the sampler. (2) Test procedure. (i) Establish a wind speed specified in table D-2 and measure the wind speed and turbulence intensity (longitudinal component and macroscale) at a minimum of 12 test points in a cross-sectional area of the test section of the wind tunnel. The mean wind speed in the test section must be within ±10 percent of the value specified in table D-2 and the variation at any test point in the test section may not exceed 10 percent of the mean. (ii) Generate particles of a size and type specified in table D-2 using a vibrating orifice aerosol generator. Check for the presence of satellites and adjust the generator as necessary. Calculate the aerodynamic particle size using the operating parameters of the vibrating orifice aerosol generator and record. The calculated aerodynamic diameter must be within the tolerance specified in table D-2. (iii) Collect a sample of the particles on a glass slide or other suitable substrate at the particle injection point. If a glass slide is used, it should be pretreated with an appropriate oleophobic surfactant when collecting liquid particles. Use a microscopic technique to size a minimum of 25 primary particles in three viewing fields (do not include multiplets). Determine the geometric mean aerodynamic diameter and geometric standard deviation using the bulk density of the particle type (and an appropriate flattening factor for liquid particles if collected on a glass slide). The measured geometric mean aerodynamic diameter must be within 0.5 µm or 10 percent of the aerodynamic diameter calculated from the operating parameters of the vibrating orifice aerosol generator. The geometric standard deviation must not exceed 1.1. (iv) Determine the population of multiplets (doublets and triplets) in the c… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.50 General provisions. | EPA | [71 FR 61289, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) A candidate method for PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 described in an application for a FRM or FEM determination submitted under § 53.4 shall be determined by the EPA to be a FRM or a Class I, II, or III FEM on the basis of the definitions for such methods given in § 53.1. This subpart sets forth the specific tests that must be carried out and the test results, evidence, documentation, and other materials that must be provided to EPA to demonstrate that a PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 sampler associated with a candidate reference method or Class I or Class II equivalent method meets all design and performance specifications set forth in appendix L or O, respectively, of part 50 of this chapter as well as additional requirements specified in this subpart E. Some or all of these tests may also be applicable to a candidate Class III equivalent method or analyzer, as may be determined under § 53.3(b)(3). (b) PM 2.5 methods —(1) Reference method. A sampler associated with a candidate reference method for PM 2.5 shall be subject to the provisions, specifications, and test procedures prescribed in §§ 53.51 through 53.58. (2) Class I method. A sampler associated with a candidate Class I equivalent method for PM 2.5 shall be subject to the provisions, specifications, and test procedures prescribed in all sections of this subpart. (3) Class II method. A sampler associated with a candidate Class II equivalent method for PM 2.5 shall be subject to the provisions, specifications, and test procedures prescribed in all applicable sections of this subpart, as specified in subpart F of this part or as specified in § 53.3(a)(3). (c) PM 10-2.5 methods —(1) Reference method. A sampler associated with a reference method for PM 10-2.5 , as specified in appendix O to part 50 of this chapter, shall be subject to the requirements in this paragraph (c)(1). (i) The PM 2.5 sampler of the PM 10-2.5 sampler pair shall be verified to be either currently designated under this part 53 as a FRM for PM 2.5 , or shown to meet … | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.10 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.59 Aerosol transport test for Class I equivalent method samplers. | EPA | [62 FR 38799, July 18, 1997, as amended at 71 FR 61293, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) Overview. This test is intended to verify adequate aerosol transport through any modified or air flow splitting components that may be used in a Class I candidate equivalent method sampler such as may be necessary to achieve sequential sampling capability. This test is applicable to all Class I candidate samplers in which the aerosol flow path (the flow path through which sample air passes upstream of sample collection filter) differs significantly from that specified for reference method samplers as specified in 40 CFR part 50, appendix L or appendix O, as applicable. The test requirements and performance specifications for this test are summarized in table E-1 of this subpart. (b) Technical definitions. (1) Aerosol transport is the percentage of a laboratory challenge aerosol which penetrates to the active sample filter of the candidate equivalent method sampler. (2) The active sample filter is the exclusive filter through which sample air is flowing during performance of this test. (3) A no-flow filter is a sample filter through which no sample air is intended to flow during performance of this test. (4) A channel is any of two or more flow paths that the aerosol may take, only one of which may be active at a time. (5) An added component is any physical part of the sampler which is different in some way from that specified for a reference method sampler in 40 CFR part 50, appendix L or appendix O, as applicable, such as a device or means to allow or cause the aerosol to be routed to one of several channels. (c) Required facilities and test equipment. (1) Aerosol generation system, as specified in § 53.62(c)(2). (2) Aerosol delivery system, as specified in § 53.64(c)(2). (3) Particle size verification equipment, as specified in § 53.62(c)(3). (4) Fluorometer, as specified in § 53.62(c)(7). (5) Candidate test sampler, with the inlet and impactor or impactors removed, and with all internal surfaces of added components electroless nickel coated as specified in § 53.64(d)(2). (6) Filters that a… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.51 Demonstration of compliance with design specifications and manufacturing and test requirements. | EPA | [71 FR 61290, Oct. 17, 2006, as amended at 89 FR 16387, Mar. 6, 2024] | (a) Overview. (1) Paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section specify certain documentation that must be submitted and tests that are required to demonstrate that samplers associated with a designated FRM or FEM for PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 are properly manufactured to meet all applicable design and performance specifications and have been properly tested according to all applicable test requirements for such designation. Documentation is required to show that instruments and components of a PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 sampler are manufactured in an ISO 9001-registered facility under a quality system that meets ISO-9001 requirements for manufacturing quality control and testing. (2) In addition, specific tests are required by paragraph (d) of this section to verify that critical features of FRM samplers—the particle size separator and the surface finish of surfaces specified to be anodized—meet the specifications of 40 CFR part 50, appendix L or appendix O, as applicable. A checklist is required to provide certification by an ISO-certified auditor that all performance and other required tests have been properly and appropriately conducted, based on a reasonable and appropriate sample of the actual operations or their documented records. Following designation of the method, another checklist is required initially to provide an ISO-certified auditor's certification that the sampler manufacturing process is being implemented under an adequate and appropriate quality system. (3) For the purposes of this section, the definitions of ISO 9001-registered facility and ISO-certified auditor are found in § 53.1. An exception to the reliance by EPA on ISO-certified auditors is the requirement for the submission of the operation or instruction manual associated with the candidate method to EPA as part of the application. This manual is required under § 53.4(b)(3). The EPA has determined that acceptable technical judgment for review of this manual may not be assured by ISO-certified auditors, and approval of this manual will the… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.52 Leak check test. | EPA | [62 FR 38799, July 18, 1997, as amended at 71 FR 61291, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) Overview. In section 7.4.6 of 40 CFR part 50, appendix L, the sampler is required to include the facility, including components, instruments, operator controls, a written procedure, and other capabilities as necessary, to allow the operator to carry out a leak test of the sampler at a field monitoring site without additional equipment. This test procedure is intended to test the adequacy and effectiveness of the sampler's leak check facility. Because of the variety of potential sampler configurations and leak check procedures possible, some adaptation of this procedure may be necessary to accommodate the specific sampler under test. The test conditions and performance specifications associated with this test are summarized in table E-1 of this subpart. The candidate test sampler must meet all test parameters and test specifications to successfully pass this test. (b) Technical definitions. (1) External leakage includes the total flow rate of external ambient air which enters the sampler other than through the sampler inlet and which passes through any one or more of the impactor, filter, or flow rate measurement components. (2) Internal leakage is the total sample air flow rate that passes through the filter holder assembly without passing through the sample filter. (c) Required test equipment. (1) Flow rate measurement device, range 70 mL/min to 130 mL/min, 2 percent certified accuracy, NIST-traceable. (2) Flow rate measurement adaptor (40 CFR part 50, appendix L, figure L-30) or equivalent adaptor to facilitate measurement of sampler flow rate at the top of the downtube. (3) Impermeable membrane or disk, 47 mm nominal diameter. (4) Means, such as a micro-valve, of providing a simulated leak flow rate through the sampler of approximately 80 mL/min under the conditions specified for the leak check in the sampler's leak check procedure. (5) Teflon sample filter, as specified in section 6 of 40 CFR part 50, appendix L. (d) Calibration of test measurement instruments. Submit documentation showing… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.53 Test for flow rate accuracy, regulation, measurement accuracy, and cut-off. | EPA | [62 FR 38799, July 18, 1997, as amended at 71 FR 61291, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) Overview. This test procedure is designed to evaluate a candidate sampler's flow rate accuracy with respect to the design flow rate, flow rate regulation, flow rate measurement accuracy, coefficient of variability measurement accuracy, and the flow rate cut-off function. The tests for the first four parameters shall be conducted over a 6-hour time period during which reference flow measurements are made at intervals not to exceed 5 minutes. The flow rate cut-off test, conducted separately, is intended to verify that the sampler carries out the required automatic sample flow rate cut-off function properly in the event of a low-flow condition. The test conditions and performance specifications associated with this test are summarized in table E-1 of this subpart. The candidate test sampler must meet all test parameters and test specifications to successfully pass this test. (b) Technical definitions. (1) Sample flow rate means the quantitative volumetric flow rate of the air stream caused by the sampler to enter the sampler inlet and pass through the sample filter, measured in actual volume units at the temperature and pressure of the air as it enters the inlet. (2) The flow rate cut-off function requires the sampler to automatically stop sample flow and terminate the current sample collection if the sample flow rate deviates by more than the variation limits specified in table E-1 of this subpart (±10 percent from the nominal sample flow rate) for more than 60 seconds during a sample collection period. The sampler is also required to properly notify the operator with a flag warning indication of the out-of-specification flow rate condition and if the flow rate cut-off results in an elapsed sample collection time of less than 23 hours. (c) Required test equipment. (1) Flow rate meter, suitable for measuring and recording the actual volumetric sample flow rate at the sampler downtube, with a minimum range of 10 to 25 L/min, 2 percent certified, NIST-traceable accuracy. Optional capability for continuous… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.54 Test for proper sampler operation following power interruptions. | EPA | [62 FR 38799, July 18, 1997; 63 FR 7714, Feb. 17, 1998, as amended at 71 FR 61291, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) Overview. (1) This test procedure is designed to test certain performance parameters of the candidate sampler during a test period in which power interruptions of various duration occur. The performance parameters tested are: (i) Proper flow rate performance of the sampler. (ii) Accuracy of the sampler's average flow rate, CV, and sample volume measurements. (iii) Accuracy of the sampler's reported elapsed sampling time. (iv) Accuracy of the reported time and duration of power interruptions. (2) This test shall be conducted during operation of the test sampler over a continuous 6-hour test period during which the sampler's flow rate shall be measured and recorded at intervals not to exceed 5 minutes. The performance parameters tested under this procedure, the corresponding minimum performance specifications, and the applicable test conditions are summarized in table E-1 of this subpart. Each performance parameter tested, as described or determined in the test procedure, must meet or exceed the associated performance specification to successfully pass this test. (b) Required test equipment. (1) Flow rate meter, suitable for measuring and recording the actual volumetric sample flow rate at the sampler downtube, with a minimum range of 10 to 25 L/min, 2 percent certified, NIST-traceable accuracy. Optional capability for continuous (analog) recording capability or digital recording at intervals not to exceed 5 minutes is recommended. While a flow meter which provides a direct indication of volumetric flow rate is preferred for this test, an alternative certified flow measurement device may be used as long as appropriate volumetric flow rate corrections are made based on measurements of actual ambient temperature and pressure conditions. (2) Ambient air temperature sensor (if needed for volumetric corrections to flow rate measurements), with a resolution of 0.1 °C, certified accurate to within 0.5 °C, and continuous (analog) recording capability or digital recording at intervals not to exceed 5 minutes.… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.55 Test for effect of variations in power line voltage and ambient temperature. | EPA | [62 FR 38799, July 18, 1997, as amended at 71 FR 61291, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) Overview. (1) This test procedure is a combined procedure to test various performance parameters under variations in power line voltage and ambient temperature. Tests shall be conducted in a temperature-controlled environment over four 6-hour time periods during which reference temperature and flow rate measurements shall be made at intervals not to exceed 5 minutes. Specific parameters to be evaluated at line voltages of 105 and 125 volts and temperatures of −20 °C and + 40 °C are as follows: (i) Sample flow rate. (ii) Flow rate regulation. (iii) Flow rate measurement accuracy. (iv) Coefficient of variability measurement accuracy. (v) Ambient air temperature measurement accuracy. (vi) Proper operation of the sampler when exposed to power line voltage and ambient temperature extremes. (2) The performance parameters tested under this procedure, the corresponding minimum performance specifications, and the applicable test conditions are summarized in table E-1 of this subpart. Each performance parameter tested, as described or determined in the test procedure, must meet or exceed the associated performance specification given. The candidate sampler must meet all specifications for the associated PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 method (as applicable) to pass this test procedure. (b) Technical definition. Sample flow rate means the quantitative volumetric flow rate of the air stream caused by the sampler to enter the sampler inlet and pass through the sample filter, measured in actual volume units at the temperature and pressure of the air as it enters the inlet. (c) Required test equipment. (1) Environmental chamber or other temperature-controlled environment or environments, capable of obtaining and maintaining temperatures at −20 °C and = 40 °C as required for the test with an accuracy of ±2 °C. The test environment(s) must be capable of maintaining these temperatures within the specified limits continuously with the additional heat load of the operating test sampler in the environment. Henceforth, wher… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.7 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.56 Test for effect of variations in ambient pressure. | EPA | [62 FR 38799, July 18, 1997; 63 FR 7714, Feb. 17, 1998, as amended at 71 FR 61292, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) Overview. (1) This test procedure is designed to test various sampler performance parameters under variations in ambient (barometric) pressure. Tests shall be conducted in a pressure-controlled environment over two 6-hour time periods during which reference pressure and flow rate measurements shall be made at intervals not to exceed 5 minutes. Specific parameters to be evaluated at operating pressures of 600 and 800 mm Hg are as follows: (i) Sample flow rate. (ii) Flow rate regulation. (iii) Flow rate measurement accuracy. (iv) Coefficient of variability measurement accuracy. (v) Ambient pressure measurement accuracy. (vi) Proper operation of the sampler when exposed to ambient pressure extremes. (2) The performance parameters tested under this procedure, the corresponding minimum performance specifications, and the applicable test conditions are summarized in table E-1 of this subpart. Each performance parameter tested, as described or determined in the test procedure, must meet or exceed the associated performance specification given. The candidate sampler must meet all specifications for the associated PM 2.5 or PM 10-2.5 method (as applicable) to pass this test procedure. (b) Technical definition. Sample flow rate means the quantitative volumetric flow rate of the air stream caused by the sampler to enter the sampler inlet and pass through the sample filter, measured in actual volume units at the temperature and pressure of the air as it enters the inlet. (c) Required test equipment. (1) Hypobaric chamber or other pressure-controlled environment or environments, capable of obtaining and maintaining pressures at 600 mm Hg and 800 mm Hg required for the test with an accuracy of 5 mm Hg. Henceforth, where the test procedures specify a test or environmental chamber, an alternative pressure-controlled environmental area or areas may be substituted, provided the test pressure requirements are met. Means for simulating ambient pressure using a closed-loop sample air system may also be approved… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.8 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.57 Test for filter temperature control during sampling and post-sampling periods. | EPA | [62 FR 38799, July 18, 1997; 63 FR 7714, Feb. 17, 1998, as amended at 71 FR 61292, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) Overview. This test is intended to measure the candidate sampler's ability to prevent excessive overheating of the PM sample collection filter (or filters) under conditions of elevated solar insolation. The test evaluates radiative effects on filter temperature during a 4-hour period of active sampling as well as during a subsequent 4-hour non-sampling time period prior to filter retrieval. Tests shall be conducted in an environmental chamber which provides the proper radiant wavelengths and energies to adequately simulate the sun's radiant effects under clear conditions at sea level. For additional guidance on conducting solar radiative tests under controlled conditions, consult military standard specification 810-E (reference 6 in appendix A of this subpart). The performance parameters tested under this procedure, the corresponding minimum performance specifications, and the applicable test conditions are summarized in table E-1 of this subpart. Each performance parameter tested, as described or determined in the test procedure, must meet or exceed the associated performance specification to successfully pass this test. (b) Technical definition. Filter temperature control during sampling is the ability of a sampler to maintain the temperature of the particulate matter sample filter within the specified deviation (5 °C) from ambient temperature during any active sampling period. Post-sampling temperature control is the ability of a sampler to maintain the temperature of the particulate matter sample filter within the specified deviation from ambient temperature during the period from the end of active sample collection by the sampler until the filter is retrieved from the sampler for laboratory analysis. (c) Required test equipment. (1) Environmental chamber providing the means, such as a bank of solar-spectrum lamps, for generating or simulating thermal radiation in approximate spectral content and intensity equivalent to solar insulation of 1000 ±50 W/m 2 inside the environmental chamber. To prop… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.5.1.9 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | E | Subpart E—Procedures for Testing Physical (Design) and Performance Characteristics of Reference Methods and Class I and Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.58 Operational field precision and blank test. | EPA | [71 FR 61292, Oct. 17, 2006,as amended at 72 FR 32208, June 12, 2007] | (a) Overview. This test is intended to determine the operational precision of the candidate sampler during a minimum of 10 days of field operation, using three collocated test samplers. Measurements of PM are made at a test site with all of the samplers and then compared to determine replicate precision. Candidate sequential samplers are also subject to a test for possible deposition of particulate matter on inactive filters during a period of storage in the sampler. This procedure is applicable to both reference and equivalent methods. In the case of equivalent methods, this test may be combined and conducted concurrently with the comparability test for equivalent methods (described in subpart C of this part), using three reference method samplers collocated with three candidate equivalent method samplers and meeting the applicable site and other requirements of subpart C of this part. (b) Technical definition. (1) Field precision is defined as the standard deviation or relative standard deviation of a set of PM measurements obtained concurrently with three or more collocated samplers in actual ambient air field operation. (2) Storage deposition is defined as the mass of material inadvertently deposited on a sample filter that is stored in a sequential sampler either prior to or subsequent to the active sample collection period. (c) Test site. Any outdoor test site having PM 2.5 (or PM 10-2.5 , as applicable) concentrations that are reasonably uniform over the test area and that meet the minimum level requirement of paragraph (g)(2) of this section is acceptable for this test. (d) Required facilities and equipment. (1) An appropriate test site and suitable electrical power to accommodate three test samplers are required. (2) Teflon sample filters, as specified in section 6 of 40 CFR part 50, appendix L, conditioned and preweighed as required by section 8 of 40 CFR part 50, appendix L, as needed for the test samples. (e) Test setup. (1) Three identical test samplers shall be installed at the te… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.6.1.1 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.60 General provisions. | EPA | [62 FR 38814, July 18, 1997, as amended at 71 FR 61295, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) This subpart sets forth the specific requirements that a PM 2.5 sampler associated with a candidate Class II equivalent method must meet to be designated as an equivalent method for PM 2.5 . This subpart also sets forth the explicit test procedures that must be carried out and the test results, evidence, documentation, and other materials that must be provided to EPA to demonstrate that a sampler meets all specified requirements for designation as an equivalent method. (b) A candidate method described in an application for a FRM or FEM determination submitted under § 53.4 shall be determined by the EPA to be a Class II candidate equivalent method on the basis of the definition of a Class II FEM in § 53.1. (c) Any sampler associated with a Class II candidate equivalent method (Class II sampler) must meet all applicable requirements for FRM samplers or Class I FEM samplers specified in subpart E of this part, as appropriate. Except as provided in § 53.3(a)(3), a Class II PM 2.5 sampler must meet the additional requirements as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. (d) Except as provided in paragraphs (d)(1), (2), and (3) of this section, all Class II samplers are subject to the additional tests and performance requirements specified in § 53.62 (full wind tunnel test), § 53.65 (loading test), and § 53.66 (volatility test). Alternative tests and performance requirements, as described in paragraphs (d)(1), (2), and (3) of this section, are optionally available for certain Class II samplers which meet the requirements for reference method or Class I equivalent method samplers given in 40 CFR part 50, appendix L, and in subpart E of this part, except for specific deviations of the inlet, fractionator, or filter. (1) Inlet deviation. A sampler which has been determined to be a Class II sampler solely because the design or construction of its inlet deviates from the design or construction of the inlet specified in 40 CFR part 50, appendix L, for reference method samplers shall not be subject to the req… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.6.1.2 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.61 Test conditions. | EPA | [62 FR 38814, July 18, 1997; 63 FR 7714, Feb. 17, 1998, as amended at 89 FR 16387, Mar. 6, 2024] | (a) Sampler surface preparation. Internal surfaces of the candidate sampler shall be cleaned and dried prior to performing any Class II sampler test in this subpart. The internal collection surfaces of the sampler shall then be prepared in strict accordance with the operating instructions specified in the sampler's operating manual referred to in section 7.4.18 of 40 CFR part 50, appendix L. (b) Sampler setup. Set up and start up of all test samplers shall be in strict accordance with the operating instructions specified in the manual referred to in section 7.4.18 of 40 CFR part 50, appendix L, unless otherwise specified within this subpart. (c) Sampler adjustments. Once the test sampler or samplers have been set up and the performance tests started, manual adjustment shall be permitted only between test points for all applicable tests. Manual adjustments and any periodic maintenance shall be limited to only those procedures prescribed in the manual referred to in section 7.4.18 of 40 CFR part 50, appendix L. The submitted records shall clearly indicate when any manual adjustment or periodic maintenance was made and shall describe the operations performed. (d) Sampler malfunctions. If a test sampler malfunctions during any of the applicable tests, that test run shall be repeated. A detailed explanation of all malfunctions and the remedial actions taken shall be submitted as part of the equivalent method application. (e) Particle concentration measurements. All measurements of particle concentration must be made such that the relative error in measurement is less than 5.0 percent. Relative error is defined as (s × 100 percent)/(X), where s is the sample standard deviation of the particle concentration detector, X is the measured concentration, and the units of s and X are identical. (f) Operation of test measurement equipment. All test measurement equipment shall be set up, calibrated, and maintained by qualified personnel according to the manufacturer's instructions. All appropriate calibration i… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.6.1.3 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.62 Test procedure: Full wind tunnel test. | EPA | (a) Overview. The full wind tunnel test evaluates the effectiveness of the candidate sampler at 2 km/hr and 24 km/hr for aerosols of the size specified in table F-2 of this subpart (under the heading, “Full Wind Tunnel Test”). For each wind speed, a smooth curve is fit to the effectiveness data and corrected for the presence of multiplets in the wind tunnel calibration aerosol. The cutpoint diameter (D p50 ) at each wind speed is then determined from the corrected effectiveness curves. The two resultant penetration curves are then each numerically integrated with three idealized ambient particle size distributions to provide six estimates of measured mass concentration. Critical parameters for these idealized distributions are presented in table F-3 of this subpart. (b) Technical definitions. Effectiveness is the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the mass concentration of particles of a specific size reaching the sampler filter or filters to the mass concentration of particles of the same size approaching the sampler. (c) Facilities and equipment required —(1) Wind tunnel. The particle delivery system shall consist of a blower system and a wind tunnel having a test section of sufficiently large cross-sectional area such that the test sampler, or portion thereof, as installed in the test section for testing, blocks no more than 15 percent of the test section area. The wind tunnel blower system must be capable of maintaining uniform wind speeds at the 2 km/hr and 24 km/hr in the test section. (2) Aerosol generation system. A vibrating orifice aerosol generator shall be used to produce monodisperse solid particles of ammonium fluorescein with equivalent aerodynamic diameters as specified in table F-2 of this subpart. The geometric standard deviation for each particle size generated shall not exceed 1.1 (for primary particles) and the proportion of multiplets (doublets and triplets) in all test particle atmosphere shall not exceed 10 percent of the particle population. The aerodynamic particle diameter… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.6.1.4 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.63 Test procedure: Wind tunnel inlet aspiration test. | EPA | (a) Overview. This test applies to a candidate sampler which differs from the reference method sampler only with respect to the design of the inlet. The purpose of this test is to ensure that the aspiration of a Class II candidate sampler is such that it representatively extracts an ambient aerosol at elevated wind speeds. This wind tunnel test uses a single-sized, liquid aerosol in conjunction with wind speeds of 2 km/hr and 24 km/hr. The test atmosphere concentration is alternately measured with the candidate sampler and a reference method device, both of which are operated without the 2.5-micron fractionation device installed. The test conditions are summarized in table F-2 of this subpart (under the heading of “wind tunnel inlet aspiration test”). The candidate sampler must meet or exceed the acceptance criteria given in table F-1 of this subpart. (b) Technical definition. Relative aspiration is the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the aerosol mass concentration measured by the candidate sampler to that measured by a reference method sampler. (c) Facilities and equipment required. The facilities and equipment are identical to those required for the full wind tunnel test (§ 53.62(c)). (d) Setup. The candidate and reference method samplers shall be operated with the PM 2.5 fractionation device removed from the flow path throughout this entire test procedure. Modifications to accommodate this requirement shall be limited to removal of the fractionator and insertion of the filter holder directly into the downtube of the inlet. (e) Test procedure —(1) Establish the wind tunnel test atmosphere. Follow the procedures in § 53.62(d)(1) through (d)(4) to establish a test atmosphere for one of the two wind speeds specified in table F-2 of this subpart. (2) Measure the aerosol concentration with the reference sampler. (i) Install the reference sampler (or portion thereof) in the wind tunnel with the sampler inlet opening centered in the sampling zone. To meet the maximum blockage limit of § 53.62(… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.6.1.5 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.64 Test procedure: Static fractionator test. | EPA | [62 FR 38814, July 18, 1997; 63 FR 7714, Feb. 17, 1998] | (a) Overview. This test applies only to those candidate methods in which the sole deviation from the reference method is in the design of the 2.5-micron fractionation device. The purpose of this test is to ensure that the fractionation characteristics of the candidate fractionator are acceptably similar to that of the reference method sampler. It is recognized that various methodologies exist for quantifying fractionator effectiveness. The following commonly-employed techniques are provided for purposes of guidance. Other methodologies for determining sampler effectiveness may be used contingent upon prior approval by the Agency. (1) Wash-off method. Effectiveness is determined by measuring the aerosol mass deposited on the candidate sampler's after filter versus the aerosol mass deposited in the fractionator. The material deposited in the fractionator is recovered by washing its internal surfaces. For these wash-off tests, a fluorometer must be used to quantitate the aerosol concentration. Note that if this technique is chosen, the candidate must be reloaded with coarse aerosol prior to each test point when reevaluating the curve as specified in the loading test. (2) Static chamber method. Effectiveness is determined by measuring the aerosol mass concentration sampled by the candidate sampler's after filter versus that which exists in a static chamber. A calibrated fluorometer shall be used to quantify the collected aerosol deposits. The aerosol concentration is calculated as the measured aerosol mass divided by the sampled air volume. (3) Divided flow method. Effectiveness is determined by comparing the aerosol concentration upstream of the candidate sampler's fractionator versus that concentration which exists downstream of the candidate fractionator. These tests may utilize either fluorometry or a real-time aerosol measuring device to determine the aerosol concentration. (b) Technical definition. Effectiveness under static conditions is the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the mass concentra… | |||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.6.1.6 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.65 Test procedure: Loading test. | EPA | (a) Overview. (1) The loading tests are designed to quantify any appreciable changes in a candidate method sampler's performance as a function of coarse aerosol collection. The candidate sampler is exposed to a mass of coarse aerosol equivalent to sampling a mass concentration of 150 µg/m 3 over the time period that the manufacturer has specified between periodic cleaning. After loading, the candidate sampler is then evaluated by performing the test in § 53.62 (full wind tunnel test), § 53.63 (wind tunnel inlet aspiration test), or § 53.64 (static fractionator test). If the acceptance criteria are met for this evaluation test, then the candidate sampler is approved for multi-day sampling with the periodic maintenance schedule as specified by the candidate method. For example, if the candidate sampler passes the reevaluation tests following loading with an aerosol mass equivalent to sampling a 150 µg/m 3 aerosol continuously for 7 days, then the sampler is approved for 7 day field operation before cleaning is required. (2) [Reserved] (b) Technical definition. Effectiveness after loading is the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the mass concentration of particles of a given size reaching the sampler filter to the mass concentration of particles of the same size approaching the sampler. (c) Facilities and equipment required —(1) Particle delivery system. The particle delivery system shall consist of a static chamber or a low velocity wind tunnel having a sufficiently large cross-sectional area such that the test sampler, or portion thereof, may be installed in the test section. At a minimum, the system must have a sufficiently large cross section to house the candidate sampler inlet as well as a collocated isokinetic nozzle for measuring total aerosol concentration. The mean velocity in the test section of the static chamber or wind tunnel shall not exceed 2 km/hr. (2) Aerosol generation equipment. For purposes of these tests, the test aerosol shall be produced from commercially available, bulk A… | ||||
| 40:40:6.0.1.1.1.6.1.7 | 40 | Protection of Environment | I | C | 53 | PART 53—AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS | F | Subpart F—Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Class II Equivalent Methods for PM | § 53.66 Test procedure: Volatility test. | EPA | [62 FR 38814, July 18, 1997, as amended at 71 FR 61295, Oct. 17, 2006] | (a) Overview. This test is designed to ensure that the candidate method's losses due to volatility when sampling semi-volatile ambient aerosol will be comparable to that of a federal reference method sampler. This is accomplished by challenging the candidate sampler with a polydisperse, semi-volatile liquid aerosol in three distinct phases. During phase A of this test, the aerosol is elevated to a steady-state, test-specified mass concentration and the sample filters are conditioned and preweighed. In phase B, the challenge aerosol is simultaneously sampled by the candidate method sampler and a reference method sampler onto the preweighed filters for a specified time period. In phase C (the blow-off phase), aerosol and aerosol-vapor free air is sampled by the samplers for an additional time period to partially volatilize the aerosol on the filters. The candidate sampler passes the volatility test if the acceptance criteria presented in table F-1 of this subpart are met or exceeded. (b) Technical definitions. (1) Residual mass (RM) is defined as the weight of the filter after the blow-off phase subtracted from the initial weight of the filter. (2) Corrected residual mass (CRM) is defined as the residual mass of the filter from the candidate sampler multiplied by the ratio of the reference method flow rate to the candidate method flow rate. (c) Facilities and equipment required —(1) Environmental chamber. Because the nature of a volatile aerosol is greatly dependent upon environmental conditions, all phases of this test shall be conducted at a temperature of 22.0 ±0.5 °C and a relative humidity of 40 ±3 percent. For this reason, it is strongly advised that all weighing and experimental apparatus be housed in an environmental chamber capable of this level of control. (2) Aerosol generator. The aerosol generator shall be a pressure nebulizer operated at 20 to 30 psig (140 to 207 kPa) to produce a polydisperse, semi-voltile aerosol with a mass median diameter larger than 1 µm and smaller than 2.5 µm. The … |
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