{"database": "openregs", "table": "cfr_sections", "is_view": false, "human_description_en": "where part_number = 531 sorted by section_id", "rows": [["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.1.92.1", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "A", "Subpart A\u2014Preliminary Matters", "", "\u00a7 531.1 Definitions.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a)  Administrator  means the Administrator of the Wage and Hour Division or his authorized representative. The Secretary of Labor has delegated to the Administrator the functions vested in him under section 3(m) of the Act.\n\n(b)  Act  means the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.1.92.2", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "A", "Subpart A\u2014Preliminary Matters", "", "\u00a7 531.2 Purpose and scope.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a) Section 3(m) of the Act defines the term \u201cwage\u201d to include the \u201creasonable cost\u201d, as determined by the Secretary of Labor, to an employer of furnishing any employee with board, lodging, or other facilities, if such board, lodging, or other facilities are customarily furnished by the employer to his employees. In addition, section 3(m) gives the Secretary authority to determine the \u201cfair value.\u201d of such facilities on the basis of average cost to the employer or to groups of employers similarly situated, on average value to groups of employees, or other appropriate measures of \u201cfair value.\u201d Whenever so determined and when applicable and pertinent, the \u201cfair value\u201d of the facilities involved shall be includable as part of \u201cwages\u201d instead of the actual measure of the costs of those facilities. The section provides, however, that the cost of board, lodging, or other facilities shall not be included as part of \u201cwages\u201d if excluded therefrom by a bona fide collective bargaining agreement. Section 3(m) also provides a method for determining the wage of a tipped employee.\n\n(b) This part 531 contains any determinations made as to the \u201creasonable cost\u201d and \u201cfair value\u201d of board, lodging, or other facilities having general application, and describes the procedure whereby determinations having general or particular application may be made. The part also interprets generally the provisions of section 3(m) of the Act, including the term \u201ctipped employee\u201d as defined in section 3(t)."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.2.92.1", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Determinations of \u201cReasonable Cost\u201d and \u201cFair Value\u201d; Effects of Collective Bargaining Agreements", "", "\u00a7 531.3 General determinations of \u201creasonable cost.\u201d", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a) The term  reasonable cost  as used in section 3(m) of the Act is hereby determined to be not more than the actual cost to the employer of the board, lodging, or other facilities customarily furnished by him to his employees.\n\n(b)  Reasonable cost  does not include a profit to the employer or to any affiliated person.\n\n(c) Except whenever any determination made under \u00a7 531.4 is applicable, the \u201creasonable cost\u201d to the employer of furnishing the employee with board, lodging, or other facilities (including housing) is the cost of operation and maintenance including adequate depreciation plus a reasonable allowance (not more than 5\n 1/2  percent) for interest on the depreciated amount of capital invested by the employer:  Provided,  That if the total so computed is more than the fair rental value (or the fair price of the commodities or facilities offered for sale), the fair rental value (or the fair price of the commodities or facilities offered for sale) shall be the reasonable cost. The cost of operation and maintenance, the rate of depreciation, and the depreciated amount of capital invested by the employer shall be those arrived at under good accounting practices. As used in this paragraph, the term \u201cgood accounting practices\u201d does not include accounting practices which have been rejected by the Internal Revenue Service for tax purposes, and the term \u201cdepreciation\u201d includes obsolescence.\n\n(d)(1) The cost of furnishing \u201cfacilities\u201d found by the Administrator to be primarily for the benefit or convenience of the employer will not be recognized as reasonable and may not therefore be included in computing wages.\n\n(2) The following is a list of facilities found by the Administrator to be primarily for the benefit of convenience of the employer. The list is intended to be illustrative rather than exclusive: (i) Tools of the trade and other materials and services incidental to carrying on the employer's business; (ii) the cost of any construction by and for the employer; (iii) the cost of uniforms and of their laundering, where the nature of the business requires the employee to wear a uniform."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.2.92.2", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Determinations of \u201cReasonable Cost\u201d and \u201cFair Value\u201d; Effects of Collective Bargaining Agreements", "", "\u00a7 531.4 Making determinations of \u201creasonable cost.\u201d", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a)  Procedure.  Upon his own motion or upon the petition of any interested person, the Administrator may determine generally or particularly the \u201creasonable cost\u201d to an employer of furnishing any employee with board, lodging, or other facilities, if such board, lodging, or other facilities are customarily furnished by the employer to his employees. Notice of proposed determination shall be published in the  Federal Register,  and interested persons shall be afforded an opportunity to participate through submission of written data, views, or arguments. Such notice shall indicate whether or not an opportunity will be afforded to make oral presentations. Whenever the latter opportunity is afforded, the notice shall specify the time and place of any hearing and the rules governing such proceedings. Consideration shall be given to all relevant matter presented in the adoption of any rule.\n\n(b)  Contents of petitions submitted by interested persons.  Any petition by an employee or an authorized representative of employees, an employer or group of employers, or other interested persons for a determination of \u201creasonable cost\u201d shall include the following information:\n\n(1) The name and location of the employer's or employers' place or places of business;\n\n(2) A detailed description of the board, lodging, or other facilities furnished by the employer or employers, whether or not these facilities are customarily furnished by the employer or employers, and whether or not they are alleged to constitute \u201cwages\u201d;\n\n(3) The charges or deductions made for the facility or facilities by the employer or employers;\n\n(4) When the actual cost of the facility or facilities is known an itemized statement of such cost to the employer or employers of the furnished facility or facilities;\n\n(5) The cash wages paid;\n\n(6) The reason or reasons for which the determination is requested, including any reason or reasons why the determinations in \u00a7 531.3 should not apply; and\n\n(7) Whether an opportunity to make an oral presentation is requested; and if it is requested, the inclusion of a summary of any expected presentation."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.2.92.3", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Determinations of \u201cReasonable Cost\u201d and \u201cFair Value\u201d; Effects of Collective Bargaining Agreements", "", "\u00a7 531.5 Making determinations of \u201cfair value.\u201d", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a)  Procedure.  The procedures governing the making of determinations of the \u201cfair value\u201d of board, lodging, or other facilities for defined classes of employees and in defined areas under section 3(m) of the Act shall be the same as that prescribed in \u00a7 531.4 with respect to determinations of \u201creasonable cost.\u201d\n\n(b)  Petitions of interested persons.  Any petition by an employee or an authorized representative of employees, an employer or group of employers, or other interested persons for a determination of \u201cfair value\u201d under section 3(m) of the Act shall contain the information required under paragraph (b) of \u00a7 531.4, and in addition, to the extent possible, the following:\n\n(1) A proposed definition of the class or classes of employees involved;\n\n(2) A proposed definition of the area to which any requested determination would apply;\n\n(3) Any measure of \u201cfair value\u201d of the furnished facilities which may be appropriate in addition to the cost of such facilities."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.2.92.4", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Determinations of \u201cReasonable Cost\u201d and \u201cFair Value\u201d; Effects of Collective Bargaining Agreements", "", "\u00a7 531.6 Effects of collective bargaining agreements.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a) The cost of board, lodging, or other facilities shall not be included as part of the wage paid to any employee to the extent it is excluded therefrom under the terms of a bona fide collective bargaining agreement applicable to the particular employee.\n\n(b) A collective bargaining agreement shall be deemed to be \u201cbona fide\u201d when it is made with a labor organization which has been certified pursuant to the provision of section 7(b)(1) or 7(b)(2) of the Act by the National Labor Relations Board, or which is the certified representative of the employees under the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, or the Railway Labor Act, as amended.\n\n(c) Collective bargaining agreements made with representatives who have not been so certified will be ruled on individually upon submission to the Administrator."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.2.92.5", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Determinations of \u201cReasonable Cost\u201d and \u201cFair Value\u201d; Effects of Collective Bargaining Agreements", "", "\u00a7 531.7 [Reserved]", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", ""], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.1", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.25 Introductory statement.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a) The ultimate decisions on interpretations of the Act are made by the courts ( Mitchell  v.  Zachry,  362 U.S. 310;  Kirschbaum  v.  Walling,  316 U.S. 517). Court decisions supporting interpretations contained in this subpart are cited where it is believed they may be helpful. On matters which have not been determined by the courts, it is necessary for the Secretary of Labor and the Administrator to reach conclusions as to the meaning and the application of provisions of the law in order to carry out their responsibilities of administration and enforcement ( Skidmore  v.  Swift,  323 U.S. 134). In order that these positions may be made known to persons who may be affected by them, official interpretations are issued by the Administrator on the advice of the Solicitor of Labor, as authorized by the Secretary (Reorganization Plan 6 of 1950, 64 Stat. 1263; Gen. Order 45A, May 24, 1950, 15 FR 3290). The Supreme Court has recognized that such interpretations of this Act \u201cprovide a practical guide to employers and employees as to how the office representing the public interest in its enforcement will seek to apply it\u201d and \u201cconstitute a body of experience and informed judgment to which courts and litigants may properly resort for guidance.\u201d Further, as stated by the Court: \u201cGood administration of the Act and good judicial administration alike require that the standards of public enforcement and those for determining private rights shall be at variance only where justified by very good reasons.\u201d ( Skidmore  v.  Swift,  323 U.S. 134.)\n\n(b) The interpretations of the law contained in this subpart are official interpretations of the Department of Labor with respect to the application under described circumstances of the provisions of law which they discuss. The interpretations indicate, with respect to the methods of paying the compensation required by sections 6 and 7 and the application thereto of the provisions of section 3(m) of the Act, the construction of the law which the Secretary of Labor and the Administrator believe to be correct and which will guide them in the performance of their administrative duties under the Act unless and until they are otherwise directed by authoritative decisions of the courts or conclude, upon reexamination of an interpretation, that it is incorrect. Reliance may be placed upon the interpretations as provided in section 10 of the Portal-to-Portal Act (29 U.S.C. 259) so long as they remain effective and are not modified, amended, rescinded, or determined by judicial authority to be incorrect. For discussion of section 10 of the Portal-to-Portal Act, see part 790 of this chapter."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.10", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.34 Payment in scrip or similar medium not authorized.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "Scrip, tokens, credit cards, \u201cdope checks,\u201d coupons, and similar devices are not proper mediums of payment under the Act. They are neither cash nor \u201cother facilities\u201d within the meaning of section 3(m). However, the use of such devices for the purpose of conveniently and accurately measuring wages earned or facilities furnished during a single pay period is not prohibited. Piecework earnings, for example, may be calculated by issuing tokens (representing a fixed amount of work performed) to the employee, which are redeemed at the end of the pay period for cash. The tokens do not discharge the obligation of the employer to pay wages, but they may enable him to determine the amount of cash which is due to the employee. Similarly, board, lodging, or other facilities may be furnished during the pay period in exchange for scrip or coupons issued prior to the end of the pay period. The reasonable cost of furnishing such facilities may be included as part of the wage, since payment is being made not in scrip but in facilities furnished under the requirements of section 3(m). But the employer may not credit himself with \u201cunused scrip\u201d or \u201ccoupons outstanding\u201d on the pay day in determining whether he has met the requirements of the Act because such scrip or coupons have not been redeemed for cash or facilities within the pay period. Similarly, the employee cannot be charged with the loss or destruction of scrip or tokens."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.11", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.35 \u201cFree and clear\u201d payment; \u201ckickbacks.\u201d", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "Whether in cash or in facilities, \u201cwages\u201d cannot be considered to have been paid by the employer and received by the employee unless they are paid finally and unconditionally or \u201cfree and clear.\u201d The wage requirements of the Act will not be met where the employee \u201ckicks-back\u201d directly or indirectly to the employer or to another person for the employer's benefit the whole or part of the wage delivered to the employee. This is true whether the \u201ckick-back\u201d is made in cash or in other than cash. For example, if it is a requirement of the employer that the employee must provide tools of the trade which will be used in or are specifically required for the performance of the employer's particular work, there would be a violation of the Act in any workweek when the cost of such tools purchased by the employee cuts into the minimum or overtime wages required to be paid him under the Act. See also in this connection, \u00a7 531.32(c)."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.2", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.26 Relation to other laws.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "Various Federal, State, and local legislation requires the payment of wages in cash; prohibits or regulates the issuance of scrip, tokens, credit cards, \u201cdope checks\u201d or coupons; prevents or restricts payment of wages in services or facilities; controls company stores and commissaries; outlaws \u201ckickbacks\u201d; restrains assignment and garnishment of wages; and generally governs the calculation of wages and the frequency and manner of paying them. Where such legislation is applicable and does not contravene the requirements of the Act, nothing in the Act, the regulations, or the interpretations announced by the Administrator should be taken to override or nullify the provisions of these laws."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.3", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.27 Payment in cash or its equivalent required.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a) Standing alone, sections 6 and 7 of the Act require payments of the prescribed wages, including overtime compensation, in cash or negotiable instrument payable at par. Section 3(m) provides, however, for the inclusion in the \u201cwage\u201d paid to any employee, under the conditions which it prescribes of the \u201creasonable cost,\u201d or \u201cfair value\u201d as determined by the Secretary, of furnishing such employee with board, lodging, or other facilities. In addition, section 3(m) provides that a tipped employee's wages may consist in part of tips. It is section 3(m) which permits and governs the payment of wages in other than cash.\n\n(b) It should not be assumed that because the term \u201cwage\u201d does not appear in section 7, all overtime compensation must be paid in cash and may not be paid in board, lodging, or other facilities. There appears to be no evidence in either the statute or its legislative history which demonstrates the intention to provide one rule for the payment of the minimum wage and another rule for the payment of overtime compensation. The principles stated in paragraph (a) of this section are considered equally applicable to payment of the minimum hourly wage required by section 6 or of the wages required by the equal pay provisions of section 6(d), and to payment, when overtime is worked, of the compensation required by section 7. Thus, in determining whether he has met the minimum wage and overtime requirements of the Act, the employer may credit himself with the reasonable cost to himself of board, lodging, or other facilities customarily furnished by him to his employees when the cost of such board, lodging, or other facilities is not excluded from wages paid to such employees under the term of a bona fide collective bargaining agreement applicable to the employees. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the term \u201cwage\u201d is used in this part to designate the amount due under either section 6 or section 7 without distinction. It should be remembered, however, that the wage paid for a job, within the meaning of the equal pay provisions of section 6(d), may include remuneration for employment which is not included in the employee's regular rate of pay under section 7(e) of the act or is not allocable to compensation for hours of work required by the minimum wage provisions of section 6. Reference should be made to parts 778 and 800 of this chapter for a more detailed discussion of the applicable principles.\n\n(c) Tips may be credited or offset against the wages payable under the Act in certain circumstances, as discussed later in this subpart. See also the recordkeeping requirements contained in part 516 of this chapter."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.4", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.28 Restrictions applicable where payment is not in cash or its equivalent.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "It appears to have been the clear intention of Congress to protect the basic minimum wage and overtime compensation required to be paid to the employee by sections 6 and 7 of the Act from profiteering or manipulation by the employer in dealings with the employee. Section 3(m) of the Act and subpart B of this part accordingly prescribe certain limitations and safeguards which control the payment of wages in other than cash or its equivalent. (Special recordkeeping requirements must also be met. These are contained in part 516 of this chapter.) These provisions, it should be emphasized, do not prohibit payment of wages in facilities furnished either as additions to a stipulated wage or as items for which deductions from the stipulated wage will be made; they prohibit only the use of such a medium of payment to avoid the obligation imposed by sections 6 and 7."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.5", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.29 Board, lodging, or other facilities.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "Section 3(m) applies to both of the following situations: (a) Where board, lodging, or other facilities are furnished in addition to a stipulated wage; and (b) where charges for board, lodging, or other facilities are deducted from a stipulated wage. The use of the word \u201cfurnishing\u201d and the legislative history of section 3(m) clearly indicate that this section was intended to apply to all facilities furnished by the employer as compensation to the employee, regardless of whether the employer calculates charges for such facilities as additions to or deductions from wages."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.6", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.30 \u201cFurnished\u201d to the employee.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "The reasonable cost of board, lodging, or other facilities may be considered as part of the wage paid an employee only where customarily \u201cfurnished\u201d to the employee. Not only must the employee receive the benefits of the facility for which he is charged, but it is essential that his acceptance of the facility be voluntary and uncoerced. See  Williams  v.  Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co.  (E.D.N.C.). 1 W.H. Cases 289."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.7", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.31 \u201cCustomarily\u201d furnished.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "The reasonable cost of board, lodging, or other facilities may be considered as part of the wage paid an employee only where \u201ccustomarily\u201d furnished to the employee. Where such facilities are \u201cfurnished\u201d to the employee, it will be considered a sufficient satisfaction of this requirement if the facilities are furnished regularly by the employer to his employees or if the same or similar facilities are customarily furnished by other employees engaged in the same or similar trade, business, or occupation in the same or similar communities. See  Walling  v.  Alaska Pacific Consolidated Mining Co.,  152 F. (2d) 812 (C.A. 9), cert. denied, 327 U.S. 803;  Southern Pacific Co.  v.  Joint Council  (C.A. 9) 7 W.H. Cases 536. Facilities furnished in violation of any Federal, State, or local law, ordinance or prohibition will not be considered facilities \u201ccustomarily\u201d furnished."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.8", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.32 \u201cOther facilities.\u201d", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a) \u201cOther facilities,\u201d as used in this section, must be something like board or lodging. The following items have been deemed to be within the meaning of the term: Meals furnished at company restaurants or cafeterias or by hospitals, hotels, or restaurants to their employees; meals, dormitory rooms, and tuition furnished by a college to its student employees; housing furnished for dwelling purposes; general merchandise furnished at company stores and commissaries (including articles of food, clothing, and household effects); fuel (including coal, kerosene, firewood, and lumber slabs), electricity, water, and gas furnished for the noncommercial personal use of the employee; transportation furnished employees between their homes and work where the travel time does not constitute hours worked compensable under the Act and the transportation is not an incident of and necessary to the employment.\n\n(b) Shares of capital stock in an employer company, representing only a contingent proprietary right to participate in profits and losses or in the assets of the company at some future dissolution date, do not appear to be \u201cfacilities\u201d within the meaning of the section.\n\n(c) It should also be noted that under \u00a7 531.3(d)(1), the cost of furnishing \u201cfacilities\u201d which are primarily for the benefit or convenience of the employer will not be recognized as reasonable and may not therefore be included in computing wages. Items in addition to those set forth in \u00a7 531.3 which have been held to be primarily for the benefit or convenience of the employer and are not therefore to be considered \u201cfacilities\u201d within the meaning of section 3(m) include: Safety caps, explosives, and miners' lamps (in the mining industry); electric power (used for commercial production in the interest of the employer); company police and guard protection; taxes and insurance on the employer's buildings which are not used for lodgings furnished to the employee; \u201cdues\u201d to chambers of commerce and other organizations used, for example, to repay subsidies given to the employer to locate his factory in a particular community; transportation charges where such transportation is an incident of and necessary to the employment (as in the case of maintenance-of-way employees of a railroad); charges for rental of uniforms where the nature of the business requires the employee to wear a uniform; medical services and hospitalization which the employer is bound to furnish under workmen's compensation acts, or similar Federal, State, or local law. On the other hand, meals are always regarded as primarily for the benefit and convenience of the employee. For a discussion of reimbursement for expenses such as \u201csupper money,\u201d \u201ctravel expenses,\u201d etc., see \u00a7 778.217 of this chapter."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.92.9", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.33 \u201cReasonable cost\u201d; \u201cfair value.\u201d", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a) Section 3(m) directs the Administrator to determine \u201cthe reasonable cost * * * to the employer of furnishing * * * facilities\u201d to the employee, and in addition it authorizes him to determine \u201cthe fair value\u201d of such facilities for defined classes of employees and in defined areas, which may be used in lieu of the actual measure of the cost of such facilities in ascertaining the \u201cwages\u201d paid to any employee. Subpart B contains three methods whereby an employer may ascertain whether any furnished facilities are a part of \u201cwages\u201d within the meaning of section 3(m): (1) An employer may calculate the \u201creasonable cost\u201d of facilities in accordance with the requirements set forth in \u00a7 531.3; (2) an employer may request that a determination of \u201creasonable cost\u201d be made, including a determination having particular application; and (3) an employer may request that a determination of \u201cfair value\u201d of the furnished facilities be made to be used in lieu of the actual measure of the cost of the furnished facilities in assessing the \u201cwages\u201d paid to an employee.\n\n(b) \u201cReasonable cost,\u201d as determined in \u00a7 531.3 \u201cdoes not include a profit to the employer or to any affiliated person.\u201d Although the question of affiliation is one of fact, where any of the following persons operate company stores or commissaries or furnish lodging or other facilities they will normally be deemed \u201caffiliated persons\u201d within the meaning of the regulations: (1) A spouse, child, parent, or other close relative of the employer; (2) a partner, officer, or employee in the employer company or firm; (3) a parent, subsidiary, or otherwise closely connected corporation; and (4) an agent of the employer."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.93.12", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.36 Nonovertime workweeks.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[32 FR 13575, Sept. 28, 1967, as amended at 76 FR 18855, Apr. 5, 2011]", "(a) When no overtime is worked by the employees, section 3(m) and this part apply only to the applicable minimum wage for all hours worked. To illustrate, where an employee works 40 hours a week at a cash wage rate of at least the applicable minimum wage and is paid that amount free and clear at the end of the workweek, and in addition is furnished facilities, no consideration need be given to the question of whether such facilities meet the requirements of section 3(m) and this part, since the employee has received in cash the applicable minimum wage for all hours worked. Similarly, where an employee is employed at a rate in excess of the applicable minimum wage and during a particular workweek works 40 hours for which the employee receives at least the minimum wage free and clear, the employer having deducted from wages for facilities furnished, whether such deduction meets the requirement of section 3(m) and subpart B of this part need not be considered, since the employee is still receiving, after the deduction has been made, a cash wage of at least the minimum wage for each hour worked. Deductions for board, lodging, or other facilities may be made in nonovertime workweeks even if they reduce the cash wage below the minimum wage, provided the prices charged do not exceed the \u201creasonable cost\u201d of such facilities. When such items are furnished the employee at a profit, the deductions from wages in weeks in which no overtime is worked are considered to be illegal only to the extent that the profit reduces the wage (which includes the \u201creasonable cost\u201d of the facilities) below the required minimum wage. Facilities must be measured by the requirements of section 3(m) and this part to determine if the employee has received the applicable minimum wage in cash or in facilities which may be legitimately included in \u201cwages\u201d payable under the Act.\n\n(b) Deductions for articles such as tools, miners' lamps, dynamite caps, and other items which do not constitute \u201cboard, lodging, or other facilities\u201d may likewise be made in nonovertime workweeks if the employee nevertheless received the required minimum wage in cash free and clear; but to the extent that they reduce the wages of the employee in any such workweek below the minimum required by the Act, they are illegal."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.93.13", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.37 Overtime workweeks.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[76 FR 18855, Apr. 5, 2011]", "(a) Section 7 requires that the employee receive compensation for overtime hours at \u201ca rate of not less than one and one-half times the regular rate at which he is employed.\u201d When overtime is worked by an employee who receives the whole or part of his or her wage in facilities and it becomes necessary to determine the portion of wages represented by facilities, all such facilities must be measured by the requirements of section 3(m) and subpart B of this part. It is the Administrator's opinion that deductions may be made, however, on the same basis in an overtime workweek as in nonovertime workweeks ( see  \u00a7 531.36), if their purpose and effect are not to evade the overtime requirements of the Act or other law, providing the amount deducted does not exceed the amount which could be deducted if the employee had only worked the maximum number of straight-time hours during the workweek. Deductions in excess of this amount for such articles as tools or other articles which are not \u201cfacilities\u201d within the meaning of the Act are illegal in overtime workweeks as well as in nonovertime workweeks. There is no limit on the amount which may be deducted for \u201cboard, lodging, or other facilities\u201d in overtime workweeks (as in workweeks when no overtime is worked), provided that these deductions are made only for the \u201creasonable cost\u201d of the items furnished. These principles assume a situation where bona fide deductions are made for particular items in accordance with the agreement or understanding of the parties. If the situation is solely one of refusal or failure to pay the full amount of wages required by section 7, these principles have no application. Deductions made only in overtime workweeks, or increases in the prices charged for articles or services during overtime workweeks will be scrutinized to determine whether they are manipulations to evade the overtime requirements of the Act.\n\n(b) Where deductions are made from the stipulated wage of an employee, the regular rate of pay is arrived at on the basis of the stipulated wage before any deductions have been made. Where board, lodging, or other facilities are customarily furnished as additions to a cash wage, the reasonable cost of the facilities to the employer must be considered as part of the employee's regular rate of pay.  See Walling  v.  Alaska Pacific Consolidated Mining Co.,  152 F.2d 812 (9th Cir. 1945),  cert. denied,  327 U.S. 803."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.94.14", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.38 Amounts deducted for taxes.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "Taxes which are assessed against the employee and which are collected by the employer and forwarded to the appropriate governmental agency may be included as \u201cwages\u201d although they do not technically constitute \u201cboard, lodging, or other facilities\u201d within the meaning of section 3(m). This principle is applicable to the employee's share of social security and State unemployment insurance taxes, as well as other Federal, State, or local taxes, levies, and assessments. No deduction may be made for any tax or share of a tax which the law requires to be borne by the employer."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.94.15", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.39 Payments to third persons pursuant to court order.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[35 FR 10757, July 2, 1970]", "(a) Where an employer is legally obliged, as by order of a court of competent and appropriate jurisdiction, to pay a sum for the benefit or credit of the employee to a creditor of the employee, trustee, or other third party, under garnishment, wage attachment, trustee process, or bankruptcy proceeding, deduction from wages of the actual sum so paid is not prohibited:  Provided,  That neither the employer nor any person acting in his behalf or interest derives any profit or benefit from the transaction. In such case, payment to the third person for the benefit and credit of the employee will be considered equivalent, for the purposes of the Act, to payment to the employee.\n\n(b) The amount of any individual's earnings withheld by means of any legal or equitable procedure for the payment of any debt may not exceed the restriction imposed by section 303(a), title III, Restriction on Garnishment, of the Consumer Credit Protection Act (82 Stat. 163, 164; 15 U.S.C. 1671  et seq. ). The application of title III is discussed in part 870 of this chapter. When the payment to a third person of moneys withheld pursuant to a court order under which the withholdings exceeds that permitted by the CCPA, the excess will not be considered equivalent to payment of wages to the employee for purpose of the Fair Labor Standards Act."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.3.94.16", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Interpretations", "", "\u00a7 531.40 Payments to employee's assignee.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "(a) Where an employer is directed by a voluntary assignment or order of his employee to pay a sum for the benefit of the employee to a creditor, donee, or other third party, deduction from wages of the actual sum so paid is not prohibited:  Provided,  That neither the employer nor any person acting in his behalf or interest, directly or indirectly, derives any profit or benefit from the transaction. In such case, payment to the third person for the benefit and credit of the employee will be considered equivalent, for purposes of the Act, to payment to the employee.\n\n(b) No payment by the employer to a third party will be recognized as a valid payment of compensation required under the Act where it appears that such payment was part of a plan or arrangement to evade or circumvent the requirements of section 3(m) or subpart B of this part. For the protection of both employer and employee it is suggested that full and adequate record of all assignments and orders be kept and preserved and that provisions of the applicable State law with respect to signing, sealing, witnessing, and delivery be observed.\n\n(c) Under the principles stated in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, employers have been permitted to treat as payments to employees for purposes of the Act sums paid at the employees' direction to third persons for the following purposes: Sums paid, as authorized by the employee, for the purchase in his behalf of U.S. savings stamps or U.S. savings bonds; union dues paid pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement with bona fide representatives of the employees and as permitted by law; employees' store accounts with merchants wholly independent of the employer; insurance premiums (paid to independent insurance companies where the employer is under no obligation to supply the insurance and derives, directly or indirectly, no benefit or profit from it); voluntary contributions to churches and charitable, fraternal, athletic, and social organizations, or societies from which the employer receives no profit or benefit directly or indirectly."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.1", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.50 Statutory provisions with respect to tipped employees.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[85 FR 86789, Dec. 30, 2020]", "(a) With respect to tipped employees, section 3(m)(2)(A) provides that, in determining the wage an employer is required to pay a tipped employee, the amount paid such employee by the employee's employer shall be an amount equal to\u2014\n\n(1) The cash wage paid such employee which for purposes of such determination shall not be less than the cash wage required to be paid such an employee on August 20, 1996 [ i.e.,  $2.13]; and\n\n(2) An additional amount on account of the tips received by such employee which amount is equal to the difference between the wage specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section and section 6(a)(1) of the Act.\n\n(b) Section 3(m)(2)(A) also provides that an employer that takes a tip credit against its minimum wage obligations to its tipped employees must inform those employees of the provisions of that subsection, and that the employees must retain all of their tips, although the employer may require those employees to participate in a tip pool with other tipped employees that customarily and regularly receive tips.\n\n(c) Section 3(m)(2)(B) provides that an employer may not keep tips received by its employees for any purposes, including allowing managers and supervisors to keep any portion of employees' tips, regardless of whether the employer takes a tip credit under section 3(m)(2)(A).\n\n(d) \u201cTipped employee\u201d is defined in section 3(t) of the Act as any employee engaged in an occupation in which he or she customarily and regularly receives more than $30 a month in tips."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.10", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.59 The tip wage credit.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[85 FR 86790, Dec. 30, 2020]", "(a) In determining compliance with the wage payment requirements of the Act, under the provisions of section 3(m)(2)(A) the amount paid to a tipped employee by an employer is increased on account of tips by an amount equal to the formula set forth in the statute (minimum wage required by section 6(a)(1) of the Act minus cash wage paid (at least $2.13)), provided that the employer satisfies all the requirements of section 3(m)(2)(A). This tip credit is in addition to any credit for board, lodging, or other facilities which may be allowable under section 3(m).\n\n(b) As indicated in \u00a7 531.51, the tip credit may be taken only for hours worked by the employee in an occupation in which the employee qualifies as a \u201ctipped employee.\u201d Pursuant to section 3(m)(2)(A), an employer is not eligible to take the tip credit unless it has informed its tipped employees in advance of the employer's use of the tip credit of the provisions of section 3(m)(2)(A) of the Act,  i.e.:  The amount of the cash wage that is to be paid to the tipped employee by the employer; the additional amount by which the wages of the tipped employee are increased on account of the tip credit claimed by the employer, which amount may not exceed the value of the tips actually received by the employee; that all tips received by the tipped employee must be retained by the employee except for a tip pooling arrangement limited to employees who customarily and regularly receive tips; and that the tip credit shall not apply to any employee who has not been informed of the requirements in this section. The credit allowed on account of tips may be less than that permitted by statute (minimum wage required by section 6(a)(1) minus the cash wage paid (at least $2.13)); it cannot be more. In order for the employer to claim the maximum tip credit, the employer must demonstrate that the employee received at least that amount in actual tips. If the employee received less than the maximum tip credit amount in tips, the employer is required to pay the balance so that the employee receives at least the minimum wage with the defined combination of wages and tips. With the exception of tips contributed to a tip pool limited to employees who customarily and regularly receive tips as described in \u00a7 531.54, section 3(m)(2)(A) also requires employers that take a tip credit to permit employees to retain all tips received by the employee."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.11", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.60 Overtime payments.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[86791, Dec. 30, 2020]", "When overtime is worked by a tipped employee who is subject to the overtime pay provisions of the Act, the employee's regular rate of pay is determined by dividing the employee's total remuneration for employment (except statutory exclusions) in any workweek by the total number of hours actually worked by the employee in that workweek for which such compensation was paid. ( See  part 778 of this chapter for a detailed discussion of overtime compensation under the Act.) In accordance with section 3(m)(2)(A), a tipped employee's regular rate of pay includes the amount of tip credit taken by the employer per hour (not in excess of the minimum wage required by section 6(a)(1) minus the cash wage paid (at least $2.13)), the reasonable cost or fair value of any facilities furnished to the employee by the employer, as authorized under section 3(m) and this part, and the cash wages including commissions and certain bonuses paid by the employer. Any tips received by the employee in excess of the tip credit need not be included in the regular rate. Such tips are not payments made by the employer to the employee as remuneration for employment within the meaning of the Act."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.2", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.51 Conditions for taking tip credits in making wage payments.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[32 FR 13575, Sept. 28, 1967, as amended at 76 FR 18855, Apr. 5, 2011; 85 FR 86789, Dec. 30, 2020]", "The wage credit permitted on account of tips under section 3(m)(2)(A) may be taken only with respect to wage payments made under the Act to those employees whose occupations in the workweeks for which such payments are made are those of \u201ctipped employees\u201d as defined in section 3(t).  Under section 3(t), the occupation of the employee must be one \u201cin which he customarily and regularly receives more than $30 a month in tips.\u201d To determine whether a tip credit may be taken in paying wages to a particular employee it is necessary to know what payments constitute \u201ctips,\u201d whether the employee receives \u201cmore than $30 a month\u201d in such payments in the occupation in which he is engaged, and whether in such occupation he receives these payments in such amount \u201ccustomarily and regularly.\u201d The principles applicable to a resolution of these questions are discussed in the following sections."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.3", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.52 General restrictions on an employer's use of its employees' tips.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[85 FR 86789, Dec. 30, 2020, as amended at 86 FR 52986, Sept. 24, 2021]", "(a) A tip is a sum presented by a customer as a gift or gratuity in recognition of some service performed for the customer. It is to be distinguished from payment of a charge, if any, made for the service. Whether a tip is to be given, and its amount, are matters determined solely by the customer. An employer that takes a tip credit against its minimum wage obligations is prohibited from using an employee's tips for any reason other than that which is statutorily permitted in section 3(m)(2)(A): As a credit against its minimum wage obligations to the employee, or in furtherance of a tip pool limited to employees who customarily and regularly receive tips. Only tips actually received by an employee as money belonging to the employee may be counted in determining whether the person is a \u201ctipped employee\u201d within the meaning of the Act and in applying the provisions of section 3(m)(2)(A) which govern wage credits for tips.\n\n(b) Section 3(m)(2)(B) of the Act provides that an employer may not keep tips received by its employees for any purposes, regardless of whether the employer takes a tip credit.\n\n(1) An employer may exert control over an employee's tips only to distribute tips to the employee who received them, require employees to share tips with other employees in compliance with \u00a7 531.54, or, where the employer facilitates tip pooling by collecting and redistributing employees' tips, distribute tips to employees in a tip pool in compliance with \u00a7 531.54.\n\n(2) An employer may not allow managers and supervisors to keep any portion of an employee's tips, regardless of whether the employer takes a tip credit. A manager or supervisor may keep tips that he or she receives directly from customers based on the service that he or she directly and solely provides. For purposes of section 3(m)(2)(B), the term \u201cmanager\u201d or \u201csupervisor\u201d shall mean any employee whose duties match those of an executive employee as described in \u00a7 541.100(a)(2) through (4) or \u00a7 541.101 of this chapter."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.4", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.53 Payments which constitute tips.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "", "In addition to cash sums presented by customers which an employee keeps as his own, tips received by an employee include, within the meaning of the Act, amounts paid by bank check or other negotiable instrument payble at par and amounts transferred by the employer to the employee pursuant to directions from credit customers who designate amounts to be added to their bills as tips. Special gifts in forms other than money or its equivalent as above described such as theater tickets, passes, or merchandise, are not counted as tips received by the employee for purposes of the Act."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.5", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.54 Tip pooling.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[85 FR 86789, Dec. 30, 2020, as amended at 86 FR 52986, Sept. 24, 2021]", "(a)  Monies counted as tips.  Where employees practice tip splitting, as where waiters give a portion of their tips to the busser, both the amounts retained by the waiters and those given the bussers are considered tips of the individuals who retain them, in applying the provisions of sections 3(m)(2)(A) and 3(t). Similarly, where an accounting is made to an employer for his or her information only or in furtherance of a pooling arrangement whereby the employer redistributes the tips to the employees upon some basis to which they have mutually agreed among themselves, the amounts received and retained by each individual as his or her own are counted as his or her tips for purposes of the Act. Section 3(m)(2)(A) does not impose a maximum contribution percentage on mandatory tip pools.\n\n(b)  Prohibition against keeping tips \u2014(1)  Meaning of \u201ckeep.\u201d  Section 3(m)(2)(B)'s prohibition against keeping tips applies regardless of whether an employer takes a tip credit. Section 3(m)(2)(B) expressly prohibits employers from requiring employees to share tips with managers or supervisors, as defined in \u00a7 531.52(b)(2), or employers, as defined in 29 U.S.C. 203(d). An employer does not violate section 3(m)(2)(B)'s prohibition against keeping tips if it requires employees to share tips with other employees who are eligible to receive tips.\n\n(2)  Full and prompt distribution of tips.  An employer that facilitates tip pooling by collecting and redistributing employees' tips does not violate section 3(m)(2)(B)'s prohibition against keeping tips if it fully distributes any tips the employer collects no later than the regular payday for the workweek in which the tips were collected, or when the pay period covers more than a single workweek, the regular payday for the period in which the workweek ends. To the extent that it is not possible for an employer to ascertain the amount of tips that have been received or how tips should be distributed prior to processing payroll, tips must be distributed to employees as soon as practicable after the regular payday.\n\n(c)  Employers that take a section 3(m)(2)(A) tip credit.  When an employer takes a tip credit pursuant to section 3(m)(2)(A):\n\n(1) The employer may require an employee for whom the employer takes a tip credit to contribute tips to a tip pool only if it is limited to employees who customarily and regularly receive tips; and\n\n(2) The employer must notify its employees of any required tip pool contribution amount, may only take a tip credit for the amount of tips each employee ultimately receives, and may not retain any of the employees' tips for any other purpose.\n\n(3) An employer may not receive tips from such a tip pool and may not allow managers and supervisors to receive tips from the tip pool.\n\n(d)  Employers that do not take a section 3(m)(2)(A) tip credit.  An employer that pays its tipped employees the full minimum wage and does not take a tip credit may impose a tip pooling arrangement that includes dishwashers, cooks, or other employees in the establishment who are not employed in an occupation in which employees customarily and regularly receive tips. An employer may not receive tips from such a tip pool and may not allow supervisors and managers to receive tips from the tip pool."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.6", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.55 Examples of amounts not received as tips.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[76 FR 18856, Apr. 5, 2011, as amended at 85 FR 86750, Dec. 30, 2020]", "(a) A compulsory charge for service, such as 15 percent of the amount of the bill, imposed on a customer by an employer's establishment, is not a tip and, even if distributed by the employer to its employees, cannot be counted as a tip received in applying the provisions of sections 3(m)(2)(A) and 3(t). Similarly, where negotiations between a hotel and a customer for banquet facilities include amounts for distribution to employees of the hotel, the amounts so distributed are not counted as tips received.\n\n(b) As stated above, service charges and other similar sums which become part of the employer's gross receipts are not tips for the purposes of the Act. Where such sums are distributed by the employer to its employees, however, they may be used in their entirety to satisfy the monetary requirements of the Act."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.7", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.56 \u201cMore than $30 a month in tips.\u201d", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[32 FR 13575, Sept. 28, 1967, as amended at 76 FR 18855, Apr. 5, 2011; 85 FR 86790, Dec. 30, 2020; 86 FR 60156, 60157, Oct. 29, 2021; 86 FR 71829, Dec. 20, 2021; 89 FR 101887, Dec. 17, 2024]", "(a)  In general.  An employee who receives tips, within the meaning of the Act, is a \u201ctipped employee\u201d under the definition in section 3(t) when, in the occupation in which he is engaged, the amounts he receives as tips customarily and regularly total \u201cmore than $30 a month.\u201d An employee employed in an occupation in which the tips he or she receives meet the minimum standard in the preceding sentence is a \u201ctipped employee\u201d for whom the wage credit provided by section 3(m)(2)(A) may be taken in computing the compensation due him or her under the Act for employment in such occupation, whether he or she is employed in it full time or part time. An employee employed full time or part time in an occupation in which he or she does not receive more than $30 a month in tips customarily and regularly is not a \u201ctipped employee\u201d within the meaning of the Act and must receive the full compensation required by the provisions of the Act in cash or allowable facilities without any deduction for tips received under the provisions of section 3(m)(2)(A).\n\n(b)  Month.  The definition of tipped employee does not require that the calendar month be used in determining whether more than $30 a month is customarily and regularly received as tips. Any appropriate recurring monthly period beginning on the same day of the calendar month may be used.\n\n(c)  Individual tip receipts are controlling.  An employee must him- or herself customarily and regularly receive more than $30 a month in tips in order to qualify as a tipped employee. The fact that he or she is part of a group which has a record of receiving more than $30 a month in tips will not qualify him or her. For example, a server who is newly hired will not be considered a tipped employee merely because the other servers in the establishment receive tips in the requisite amount. For the method of applying the test in initial and terminal months of employment,  see  \u00a7 531.58.\n\n(d)  Significance of minimum monthly tip receipts.  More than $30 a month in tips customarily and regularly received by the employee is a minimum standard that must be met before any wage credit for tips is determined under section 3(m)(2)(A). It does not govern or limit the determination of the appropriate amount of wage credit under section 3(m)(2)(A) that may be taken for tips under section 6(a)(1) (tip credit equals the difference between the minimum wage required by section 6(a)(1) and the cash wage paid (at least $2.13 per hour)).\n\n(e)  Dual jobs.  In some situations an employee is employed in a dual job, as for example, where a maintenance man in a hotel also serves as a waiter. In such a situation the employee, if he customarily and regularly receives at least $30 a month in tips for his work as a waiter, is a tipped employee only with respect to his employment as a waiter. He is employed in two occupations, and no tip credit can be taken for his hours of employment in his occupation of maintenance man. Such a situation is distinguishable from that of a waitress who spends part of her time cleaning and setting tables, toasting bread, making coffee and occasionally washing dishes or glasses. It is likewise distinguishable from the counterman who also prepares his own short orders or who, as part of a group of countermen, takes a turn as a short order cook for the group. Such related duties in an occupation that is a tipped occupation need not by themselves be directed toward producing tips."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.8", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.57 Receiving the minimum amount \u201ccustomarily and regularly.\u201d", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[32 FR 13575, Sept. 28, 1967, as amended at 76 FR 18855, Apr. 5, 2011]", "The employee must receive more than $30 a month in tips \u201ccustomarily and regularly\u201d in the occupation in which he is engaged in order to qualify as a tipped employee under section 3(t). If it is known that he always receives more than the stipulated amount each month, as may be the case with many employees in occupations such as those of waiters, bellhops, taxicab drivers, barbers, or beauty operators, the employee will qualify and the tip credit provisions of section 3(m) may be applied. On the other hand, an employee who only occasionally or sporadically receives tips totaling more than $30 a month, such as at Christmas or New Years when customers may be more generous than usual, will not be deemed a tipped employee. The phrase \u201ccustomarily and regularly\u201d signifies a frequency which must be greater than occasional, but which may be less than constant. If an employee is in an occupation in which he normally and recurrently receives more than $30 a month in tips, he will be considered a tipped employee even though occasionally because of sickness, vacation, seasonal fluctuations or the like, he fails to receive more than $30 in tips in a particular month."], ["29:29:3.1.1.1.21.4.95.9", 29, "Labor", "V", "A", "531", "PART 531\u2014WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Tipped Employees", "", "\u00a7 531.58 Initial and terminal months.", "DOL-WHD", "", "", "[32 FR 13575, Sept. 28, 1967, as amended at 76 FR 18855, Apr. 5, 2011]", "An exception to the requirement that an employee, whether full-time, part-time, permanent or temporary, will qualify as a tipped employee only if he customarily and regularly receives more than $30 a month in tips is made in the case of initial and terminal months of employment. In such months the purpose of the provision for tipped employees would seem fulfilled if qualification as a tipped employee is based on his receipt of tips in the particular week or weeks of such month at a rate in excess of $30 a month, where the employee has worked less than a month because he started or terminated employment during the month."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.1.1.1", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General Provisions", "", "\u00a7 531.1 Purpose.", "FMC", "", "", "[83 FR 34791, July 23, 2018]", "The purpose of this part is to facilitate NVOCC Service Arrangements (\u201cNSAs\u201d) as they are exempt from the otherwise applicable provisions of the Shipping Act of 1984 (\u201cthe Act\u201d)."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.1.1.2", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General Provisions", "", "\u00a7 531.2 Scope and applicability.", "FMC", "", "", "[69 FR 75853, Dec. 20, 2004, as amended at 74 FR 50724, Oct. 1, 2009]", "Only individual NVOCCs compliant with the requirements of section 19 of the Act (46 U.S.C. 40901-40904) and the Commission's regulations at 46 CFR part 515 may enter into an NSA with one or more NSA shippers subject to the requirements of these rules. Any NVOCC who has failed to maintain its bond or license or had its tariff suspended or cancelled by the Commission is ineligible to offer and file NSAs."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.1.1.3", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General Provisions", "", "\u00a7 531.3 Definitions.", "FMC", "", "", "[83 FR 34791, July 23, 2018]", "When used in this part:\n\n(a)  Act  means the Shipping Act of 1984 as amended by the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998;\n\n(b)  Affiliate  means two or more entities which are under common ownership or control by reason of being parent and subsidiary or entities associated with, under common control with, or otherwise related to each other through common stock ownership or common directors or officers.\n\n(c)  Amendment  means any change to an NSA which has prospective effect and which is mutually agreed upon by all parties to the NSA.\n\n(d)  Commission  or  FMC  means the Federal Maritime Commission.\n\n(e)  Common carrier  means a person holding itself out to the general public to provide transportation by water of passengers or cargo between the United States and a foreign country for compensation that:\n\n(1) Assumes responsibility for the transportation from the port or point of receipt to the port or point of destination; and\n\n(2) Utilizes, for all or part of that transportation, a vessel operating on the high seas or the Great Lakes between a port in the United States and a port in a foreign country, except that the term does not include a common carrier engaged in ocean transportation by ferry boat, ocean tramp, or chemical parcel tanker, or by a vessel when primarily engaged in the carriage of perishable agricultural commodities:\n\n(i) If the common carrier and the owner of those commodities are wholly owned, directly or indirectly, by a person primarily engaged in the marketing and distribution of those commodities and\n\n(ii) Only with respect to those commodities.\n\n(f)  Effective date  means the date upon which an NSA or amendment is scheduled to go into effect by the parties to the NSA. An NSA or amendment becomes effective at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on the beginning of the effective date. The effective date cannot be prior to the date of the NSA or amendment.\n\n(g)  Expiration date  means the last day after which the entire NSA is no longer in effect.\n\n(h)  NSA shipper  means a cargo owner, the person for whose account the ocean transportation is provided, the person to whom delivery is to be made, a shippers' association, or an ocean transportation intermediary, as defined in section 3(17)(B) of the Act (46 U.S.C. 40102(16)), that accepts responsibility for payment of all applicable charges under the NSA.\n\n(i)  NVOCC Service Arrangement  (\u201cNSA\u201d) means a written contract, other than a bill of lading or receipt, between one or more NSA shippers and an individual NVOCC or two or more affiliated NVOCCs, in which the NSA shipper makes a commitment to provide a certain minimum quantity or portion of its cargo or freight revenue over a fixed time period, and the NVOCC commits to a certain rate or rate schedule and a defined service level. The NSA may also specify provisions in the event of nonperformance on the part of any party.\n\n(j)  Rules tariff  means a tariff or the portion of a tariff, as defined by 46 CFR 520.2, containing the terms and conditions governing the charges, classifications, rules, regulations and practices of an NVOCC, but does not include a rate."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.1.1.4", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General Provisions", "", "\u00a7 531.4 NVOCC rules tariff.", "FMC", "", "", "[83 FR 34791, July 23, 2018]", "(a) Before entering into NSAs under this part, an NVOCC must provide electronic access to its rules tariffs to the public free of charge.\n\n(b) An NVOCC wishing to invoke an exemption pursuant to this part must indicate that intention to the Commission and the public by a prominent notice in its rules tariff."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.1.1.5", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General Provisions", "", "\u00a7 531.5 [Reserved]", "FMC", "", "", "", ""], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.2.1.1", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Requirements", "", "\u00a7 531.6 NVOCC Service Arrangements.", "FMC", "", "", "[69 FR 75853, Dec. 20, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 56580, Sept. 28, 2005; 74 FR 50724, Oct. 1, 2009; 77 FR 13510, Mar. 7, 2012; 82 FR 16297, Apr. 4, 2017; 83 FR 34792, July 23, 2018]", "(a) Every NSA shall include the complete terms of the NSA including, but not limited to, the following:\n\n(1) The origin port ranges in the case of port-to-port movements and geographic areas in the case of through intermodal movements;\n\n(2) The destination port ranges in the case of port-to-port movements and geographic areas in the case of through intermodal movements;\n\n(3) The commodity or commodities involved;\n\n(4) The minimum volume or portion;\n\n(5) The service commitments;\n\n(6) The line-haul rate;\n\n(7) Liquidated damages for non-performance (if any);\n\n(8) Duration, including the\n\n(i) Effective date; and\n\n(ii) Expiration date;\n\n(9) The legal names and business addresses of the NSA parties; the legal names of all affiliates of the NSA shipper entitled to access the NSA; the names, titles and addresses of the representatives signing the NSA for the parties, except that in the case of an NSA entered into by a shippers' association, individual members need not be named unless the contract includes or excludes specific members; and the date upon which the NSA was signed. Subsequent references in the NSA to the signatory parties shall be consistent with the first reference. An NVOCC party which enters into an NSA that includes affiliates must either:\n\n(i) list the affiliates' business addresses; or\n\n(ii) certify that this information will be provided to the Commission upon request within ten (10) business days of such request.\n\n(10) A description of the shipment records which will be maintained to support the NSA and the address, telephone number, and title of the person who will respond to a request by making shipment records available to the Commission for inspection under \u00a7 531.12 of this part; and\n\n(11) All other provisions of the NSA.\n\n(b)  Certainty of terms.  The terms described in paragraph (b) of this section may not:\n\n(1) Be uncertain, vague or ambiguous; or\n\n(2) Make reference to terms not explicitly contained in the NSA itself unless those terms are readily available to the parties and the Commission. Reference may not be made to a tariff of a common carrier other than the NVOCC acting as carrier party to the NSA.\n\n(3) Pursuant to \u00a7 531.12(b), the carrier party to the NSA must, upon written request by the Commission, provide the Commission with the associated records of the referenced terms. For the purpose of paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the referenced terms will be deemed readily available to the Commission if the carrier party to the NSA provides the Commission with the associated records of the terms within thirty (30) days of the Commission's written request.\n\n(c)  Other requirements.  (1) For service pursuant to an NSA, no NVOCC may, either alone or in conjunction with any other person, directly or indirectly, provide service in the liner trade that is not in accordance with the rates, charges, classifications, rules and practices contained in an NSA.\n\n(2) For service pursuant to an NSA, no NVOCC, may, either alone or in conjunction with any other person, directly or indirectly, engage in any unfair or unjustly discriminatory practice in the matter of rates or charges with respect to any port; and\n\n(3) For service under an NSA, no NVOCC may, either alone or in conjunction with any other person, directly or indirectly, give any undue or unreasonable preference or advantage or impose any undue or unreasonable prejudice or disadvantage with respect to any port.\n\n(4) No NVOCC may knowingly and willfully enter into an NSA with an ocean transportation intermediary that does not have a tariff and a bond, insurance, or other surety as required by sections 8 (46 U.S.C. 40501-40503) and 19 (46 U.S.C. 40901-40904) of the Act.\n\n(5) Except for the carrier party's rules tariff, the requirement in 46 U.S.C. 40501(a)-(c) that the NVOCC include its rates in a tariff open to public inspection in an automated tariff system and the Commission's corresponding regulations at 46 CFR part 520 shall not apply.\n\n(d)  Format requirements.  Every NSA shall include:\n\n(1) A unique NSA number of more than one (1) but less than ten (10) alphanumeric characters in length (\u201cNSA Number\u201d); and\n\n(2) A consecutively numbered amendment number no more than three digits in length, with initial NSAs using \u201c0\u201d (\u201cAmendment number\u201d)."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.2.1.2", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Requirements", "", "\u00a7 531.7 [Reserved]", "FMC", "", "", "", ""], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.2.1.3", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Requirements", "", "\u00a7 531.8 Amendment.", "FMC", "", "", "[83 FR 34792, July 23, 2018]", "(a) NSAs may be amended by mutual agreement of the parties.\n\n(b) Where feasible, NSAs should be amended by amending only the affected specific term(s) or subterms.\n\n(c) Each time any part of an NSA is amended, a consecutive amendment number (up to three digits), beginning with the number \u201c1\u201d shall be assigned.\n\n(d) Each time any part of an NSA is amended, the \u201cEffective Date\u201d will be the date of the amendment or a future date agreed to by the parties."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.4.1.1", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Exceptions and Implementation", "", "\u00a7 531.10 Excepted and exempted commodities.", "FMC", "", "", "[69 FR 75853, Dec. 20, 2004, as amended at 74 FR 50725, Oct. 1, 2009; 83 FR 34792, July 23, 2018]", "(a)  Statutory exceptions.  NSAs for the movement of the following, as defined in section 3 of the Act (46 U.S.C. 40102) and \u00a7 530.3 or \u00a7 520.2 of this chapter, are not subject to the conditions of this exemption:\n\n(1) Bulk cargo;\n\n(2) Forest products;\n\n(3) Recycled metal scrap;\n\n(4) New assembled motor vehicles; and\n\n(5) Waste paper or paper waste.\n\n(b)  Commission exemptions.  The following commodities and/or services are not subject to the conditions of this exemption:\n\n(1)  Mail in foreign commerce.  Transportation of mail between the United States and foreign countries.\n\n(2)  Department of Defense cargo.  Transportation of U.S. Department of Defense cargo moving in foreign commerce under terms and conditions approved by the Military Transportation Management Command and published in a universal service contract. An exact copy of the universal service contract, including any amendments thereto, shall be filed with the Commission as soon as it becomes available."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.4.1.2", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "D", "Subpart D\u2014Exceptions and Implementation", "", "\u00a7 531.11 Implementation.", "FMC", "", "", "[83 FR 34792, July 23, 2018]", "Generally.  Performance under an NSA or amendment thereto may not begin before the day it is effective."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.5.1.1", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "E", "Subpart E\u2014Recordkeeping and Audit", "", "\u00a7 531.12 Recordkeeping and audit.", "FMC", "", "", "", "(a)  Records retention for five years.  Every NVOCC shall maintain original signed NSAs, amendments, and their associated records in an organized, readily accessible or retrievable manner for a period of five (5) years from the termination of each NSA. These records must be kept in a form that is readily available and usable to the Commission; electronically maintained records shall be no less accessible than if they were maintained in paper form.\n\n(b)  Production for audit within 30 days of request.  Every NVOCC shall, upon written request of the FMC's Director, Bureau of Enforcement, any Area Representative or the Director, Bureau of Trade Analysis, submit copies of requested original NSAs or their associated records within thirty (30) days of the date of the request."], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.5.1.2", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "E", "Subpart E\u2014Recordkeeping and Audit", "", "\u00a7\u00a7 531.13-531.98 [Reserved]", "FMC", "", "", "", ""], ["46:46:9.0.1.2.14.5.1.3", 46, "Shipping", "IV", "B", "531", "PART 531\u2014NVOCC SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS", "E", "Subpart E\u2014Recordkeeping and Audit", "", "\u00a7 531.99 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.", "FMC", "", "", "[83 FR 34792, July 23, 2018]", "The Commission has received OMB approval for this collection of information pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, as amended. In accordance with that Act, agencies are required to display a currently valid control number. The valid control number for this collection of information is 3072-0070."], ["49:49:6.1.2.3.13.0.1.1", 49, "Transportation", "V", "", "531", "PART 531\u2014PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS", "", "", "", "\u00a7 531.1 Scope.", "NHTSA", "", "", "[89 FR 52945, June 24, 2024]", "This part establishes average fuel economy standards pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 32902 for passenger automobiles."], ["49:49:6.1.2.3.13.0.1.2", 49, "Transportation", "V", "", "531", "PART 531\u2014PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS", "", "", "", "\u00a7 531.2 Purpose.", "NHTSA", "", "", "", "The purpose of this part is to increase the fuel economy of passenger automobiles by establishing minimum levels of average fuel economy for those vehicles."], ["49:49:6.1.2.3.13.0.1.3", 49, "Transportation", "V", "", "531", "PART 531\u2014PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS", "", "", "", "\u00a7 531.3 Applicability.", "NHTSA", "", "", "", "This part applies to manufacturers of passenger automobiles."], ["49:49:6.1.2.3.13.0.1.4", 49, "Transportation", "V", "", "531", "PART 531\u2014PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS", "", "", "", "\u00a7 531.4 Definitions.", "NHTSA", "", "", "[89 FR 52945, June 24, 2024]", "(a)  Statutory terms.  (1) The terms  average fuel economy, manufacture, manufacturer,  and  model year  are used as defined in 49 U.S.C. 32901.\n\n(2) The terms  automobile  and  passenger automobile  are used as defined in 49 U.S.C. 32901 and in accordance with the determination in part 523 of this chapter.\n\n(b)  Other terms.  As used in this part, unless otherwise required by the context\u2014\n\n(1) The term  domestically manufactured passenger automobile  means the vehicle is deemed to be manufactured domestically under 49 U.S.C. 32904(b)(3) and 40 CFR 600.511-08.\n\n(2) [Reserved]"], ["49:49:6.1.2.3.13.0.1.5", 49, "Transportation", "V", "", "531", "PART 531\u2014PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS", "", "", "", "\u00a7 531.5 Fuel economy standards.", "NHTSA", "", "", "[87 FR 26070, May 2, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 12756, Feb. 20, 2024; 89 FR 52945, June 24, 2024; 89 FR 60833, July 29, 2024]", "(a) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, each manufacturer of passenger automobiles shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy standards in table 1 to this paragraph (a), expressed in miles per gallon, in the model year specified as applicable:\n\nTable 1 to Paragraph ( a )\n\n(b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, for model year 2011, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year according to figure 1 and the appropriate values in table 2 to this paragraph (b).\n\nWhere:\n \n N  is the total number (sum) of passenger automobiles produced by a manufacturer;\n \n N i  is the number (sum) of the  ith  passenger automobile model produced by the manufacturer; and\n \n T i  is the fuel economy target of the  ith  model passenger automobile, which is determined according to the following formula, rounded to the nearest hundredth:\n\nWhere:\n\nN  is the total number (sum) of passenger automobiles produced by a manufacturer;\n\nN i  is the number (sum) of the  ith  passenger automobile model produced by the manufacturer; and\n\nT i  is the fuel economy target of the  ith  model passenger automobile, which is determined according to the following formula, rounded to the nearest hundredth:\n\nWhere:\n \n Parameters  a, b, c,  and  d  are defined in table 2 to this paragraph (b);\n \n e  = 2.718; and\n \n x  = footprint (in square feet, rounded to the nearest tenth) of the vehicle model.\n\nWhere:\n\nParameters  a, b, c,  and  d  are defined in table 2 to this paragraph (b);\n\ne  = 2.718; and\n\nx  = footprint (in square feet, rounded to the nearest tenth) of the vehicle model.\n\nTable 2 to paragraph ( b )\u2014 Parameters for the Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy Targets\n\n(c) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, for model years 2012-2031, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year according to this figure 2 and the appropriate values in this table 3 to this paragraph (c).\n\nWhere:\n \n CAFE required  is the fleet average fuel economy standard for a given fleet (domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles);\n \n Subscript  i  is a designation of multiple groups of automobiles, where each group's designation,  i.e., i  = 1, 2, 3, etc., represents automobiles that share a unique model type and footprint within the applicable fleet, either domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles;\n \n Production i  is the number of passenger automobiles produced for sale in the United States within each  ith  designation,  i.e.,  which share the same model type and footprint;\n \n TARGET i  is the fuel economy target in miles per gallon (mpg) applicable to the footprint of passenger automobiles within each  ith  designation,  i.e.,  which share the same model type and footprint, calculated according to figure 3 to this paragraph (c) and rounded to the nearest hundredth of a mpg,  i.e.,  35.455 = 35.46 mpg, and the summations in the numerator and denominator are both performed over all models in the fleet in question.\n\nWhere:\n\nCAFE required  is the fleet average fuel economy standard for a given fleet (domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles);\n\nSubscript  i  is a designation of multiple groups of automobiles, where each group's designation,  i.e., i  = 1, 2, 3, etc., represents automobiles that share a unique model type and footprint within the applicable fleet, either domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles;\n\nProduction i  is the number of passenger automobiles produced for sale in the United States within each  ith  designation,  i.e.,  which share the same model type and footprint;\n\nTARGET i  is the fuel economy target in miles per gallon (mpg) applicable to the footprint of passenger automobiles within each  ith  designation,  i.e.,  which share the same model type and footprint, calculated according to figure 3 to this paragraph (c) and rounded to the nearest hundredth of a mpg,  i.e.,  35.455 = 35.46 mpg, and the summations in the numerator and denominator are both performed over all models in the fleet in question.\n\nWhere:\n \n TARGET  is the fuel economy target (in mpg) applicable to vehicles of a given footprint ( FOOTPRINT,  in square feet);\n \n Parameters  a, b, c,  and  d  are defined in table 3 to this paragraph (c); and\n \n The  MIN  and  MAX  functions take the minimum and maximum, respectively, of the included values.\n\nWhere:\n\nTARGET  is the fuel economy target (in mpg) applicable to vehicles of a given footprint ( FOOTPRINT,  in square feet);\n\nParameters  a, b, c,  and  d  are defined in table 3 to this paragraph (c); and\n\nThe  MIN  and  MAX  functions take the minimum and maximum, respectively, of the included values.\n\nTable 3 to Paragraph ( c )\u2014Parameters for the Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy Targets, MYs 2012-2031\n\n(d) In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, each manufacturer, other than manufacturers subject to standards in paragraph (e) of this section, shall also meet the minimum fleet standard for domestically manufactured passenger automobiles expressed in table 4 to this paragraph (d):\n\nTable 4 to Paragraph ( d )\u2014Minimum Fuel Economy Standards for Domestically Manufactured Passenger Automobiles, MYs 2011-2031\n\n(e) The following manufacturers shall comply with the standards indicated in paragraphs (e)(1) through (15) of this section for the specified model years:\n\n(1)  Avanti Motor Corporation.\n\nTable 5 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(1)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standards\n\n(2)  Rolls-Royce Motors, Inc.\n\nTable 6 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(2)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standards\n\n(3)  Checker Motors Corporation.\n\nTable 7 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(3)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standards\n\n(4)  Aston Martin Lagonda Limited.\n\nTable 8 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(4)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(5)  Excalibur Automobile Corporation.\n\nTable 9 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(5)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standards\n\n(6)  Lotus Cars Ltd.\n\nTable 10 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(6)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standards\n\n(7)  Officine Alfieri Maserati, S.p.A.\n\nTable 11 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(7)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(8)  Lamborghini of North America.\n\nTable 12 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(8)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(9)  LondonCoach Co., Inc.\n\nTable 13 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(9)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(10)  Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A./Vector Aeromotive Corporation.\n\nTable 14 \u00a7 531.5( e )(10)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(11)  Dutcher Motors, Inc.\n\nTable 15 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(11)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(12)  MedNet, Inc.\n\nTable 16 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(12)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(13)  Vector Aeromotive Corporation.\n\nTable 17 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(13)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(14)  Qvale Automotive Group Srl.\n\nTable 18 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(14)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(15)  Spyker Automobielen B.V.\n\nTable 19 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(15)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(16)  Ferrari.\n\nTable 20 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(16)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(17)  Koenigsegg.\n\nTable 21 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(17)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(18)  McLaren.\n\nTable 22 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(18)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(19)  Mobility Ventures.\n\nTable 23 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(19)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard\n\n(20)  Pagani.\n\nTable 24 to \u00a7 531.5( e )(20)\u2014Average Fuel Economy Standard"], ["49:49:6.1.2.3.13.0.1.6", 49, "Transportation", "V", "", "531", "PART 531\u2014PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS", "", "", "", "\u00a7 531.6 Measurement and calculation procedures.", "NHTSA", "", "", "[87 FR 26070, May 2, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 52948, June 24, 2024]", "(a) The fleet average fuel economy performance of all passenger automobiles that are manufactured by a manufacturer in a model year shall be determined in accordance with procedures established by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under 49 U.S.C. 32904 and set forth in 40 CFR part 600.\n\n(b) For model years 2017 through 2031, a manufacturer is eligible to increase the fuel economy performance of passenger cars in accordance with procedures established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set forth in 40 CFR part 600, subpart F, including adjustments to fuel economy for fuel consumption improvements related to air conditioning (AC) efficiency and off-cycle technologies. Starting in model year 2027, fuel economy increases for fuel consumption improvement values under 40 CFR 86.1868-12 and 40 CFR 86.1869-12 only apply for vehicles propelled by internal combustion engines. Manufacturers must provide reporting on these technologies as specified in \u00a7 537.7 of this chapter by the required deadlines.\n\n(1)  Efficient AC technologies.  A manufacturer may increase its fleet average fuel economy performance through the use of technologies that improve the efficiency of AC systems pursuant to the requirements in 40 CFR 86.1868-12. Fuel consumption improvement values resulting from the use of those AC systems must be determined in accordance with 40 CFR 600.510-12(c)(3)(i).\n\n(2)  Off-cycle technologies on EPA's predefined list.  A manufacturer may increase its fleet average fuel economy performance through the use of off-cycle technologies pursuant to the requirements in 40 CFR 86.1869-12 for predefined off-cycle technologies in accordance with 40 CFR 86.1869-12(b). The fuel consumption improvement is determined in accordance with 40 CFR 600.510-12(c)(3)(ii).\n\n(3)  Off-cycle technologies using 5-cycle testing.  Through model year 2026, a manufacturer may increase its fleet average fuel economy performance through the use of off-cycle technologies tested using the EPA's 5-cycle methodology in accordance with 40 CFR 86.1869-12(c). The fuel consumption improvement is determined in accordance with 40 CFR 600.510-12(c)(3)(ii).\n\n(4)  Off-cycle technologies using the alternative EPA-approved methodology.  Through model year 2026, a manufacturer may seek to increase its fuel economy performance through use of an off-cycle technology requiring an application request made to the EPA in accordance with 40 CFR 86.1869-12(d).\n\n(i)  Eligibility under the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program requires compliance with paragraphs (b)(4)(i)(A) through (C) of this section.  Paragraphs (b)(4)(i)(A), (B) and (D) of this section apply starting in model year 2024. Paragraph (b)(4)(i)(E) of this section applies starting in model year 2025.\n\n(A) A manufacturer seeking to increase its fuel economy performance using the alternative methodology for an off-cycle technology, should submit a detailed analytical plan to EPA prior to the applicable model year. The detailed analytical plan may include information, such as planned test procedure and model types for demonstration. The plan will be approved or denied in accordance with 40 CFR 86.1869.12(d).\n\n(B) A manufacturer seeking to increase its CAFE program fuel economy performance using the alternative methodology for an off-cycle technology must submit an official credit application to EPA and obtain approval in accordance with 40 CFR 86.1869.12(e) prior to September of the given model year.\n\n(C) A manufacturer's plans, applications and requests approved by the EPA must be made in consultation with NHTSA. To expedite NHTSA's consultation with the EPA, a manufacturer must concurrently submit its application to NHTSA if the manufacturer is seeking off-cycle fuel economy improvement values under the CAFE program for those technologies. For off-cycle technologies that are covered under 40 CFR 86.1869-12(d), NHTSA will consult with the EPA regarding NHTSA's evaluation of the specific off-cycle technology to ensure its impact on fuel economy and the suitability of using the off-cycle technology to adjust the fuel economy performance.\n\n(D) A manufacturer may request an extension from NHTSA for more time to obtain an EPA approval. Manufacturers should submit their requests 30 days before the deadlines in paragraphs (b)(4)(i)(A) through (C) of this section. Requests should be submitted to NHTSA's Director of the Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance at  cafe@dot.gov .\n\n(E) For MYs 2025 and 2026, a manufacturer must respond within 60-days to any requests from EPA or NHTSA for additional information or clarifications to submissions provided pursuant to paragraphs (b)(4)(i)(A) and (B) of this section. Failure to respond within 60 days may result in denial of the manufacturer's request to increase its fuel economy performance through use of an off-cycle technology requests made to the EPA in accordance with 40 CFR 86.1869-12(d).\n\n(ii)  Review and approval process.  NHTSA will provide its views on the suitability of the technology for that purpose to the EPA. NHTSA's evaluation and review will consider:\n\n(A) Whether the technology has a direct impact upon improving fuel economy performance;\n\n(B) Whether the technology is related to crash-avoidance technologies, safety critical systems or systems affecting safety-critical functions, or technologies designed for the purpose of reducing the frequency of vehicle crashes;\n\n(C) Information from any assessments conducted by the EPA related to the application, the technology and/or related technologies; and\n\n(D) Any other relevant factors.\n\n(iii)  Safety.  (A) Technologies found to be defective or non-compliant, subject to recall pursuant to part 573 of this chapter, Defect and Noncompliance Responsibility and Reports, due to a risk to motor vehicle safety, will have the values of approved off-cycle credits removed from the manufacturer's credit balance or adjusted to the population of vehicles the manufacturer remedies as required by 49 U.S.C. chapter 301. NHTSA will consult with the manufacturer to determine the amount of the adjustment.\n\n(B) Approval granted for innovative and off-cycle technology credits under NHTSA's fuel efficiency program does not affect or relieve the obligation to comply with the Vehicle Safety Act (49 U.S.C. chapter 301), including the \u201cmake inoperative\u201d prohibition (49 U.S.C. 30122), and all applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards (FMVSSs) issued thereunder (part 571 of this chapter). In order to generate off-cycle or innovative technology credits manufacturers must state\u2014\n\n( 1 ) That each vehicle equipped with the technology for which they are seeking credits will comply with all applicable FMVSS(s); and\n\n( 2 ) Whether or not the technology has a fail-safe provision. If no fail-safe provision exists, the manufacturer must explain why not and whether a failure of the innovative technology would affect the safety of the vehicle."], ["9:9:2.0.2.5.51.0.40.1", 9, "Animals and Animal Products", "III", "F", "531", "PART 531\u2014DEFINITIONS", "", "", "", "\u00a7 531.1 Definitions.", "FSIS", "", "", "[80 FR 75616, Dec. 2, 2015]", "As used in this subchapter, unless otherwise required by the context, the following terms shall be construed, respectively, to mean:\n\nAct.  The Federal Meat Inspection Act, as amended, (34 Stat. 1260, as amended, 81 Stat. 584, 84 Stat. 438, 92 Stat. 1069, 106 Stat. 4499, 119 Stat. 2166, 122 Stat. 1369, 122 Stat. 2130, 21 U.S.C., sec. 601  et seq. ).\n\nAdulterated.  This term applies to any carcass, part thereof, fish or fish food product under one or more of the following circumstances:\n\n(1) If it bears or contains any such poisonous or deleterious substance which may render it injurious to health; but in case the substance is not an added substance, such article shall not be considered adulterated under this clause if the quantity of such substance in or on such article does not ordinarily render it injurious to health;\n\n(2)(i) If it bears or contains (by reason of administration of any substance to the live animal or otherwise) any added poisonous or added deleterious substance (other than one which is:\n\n(A) A pesticide chemical in or on a raw agricultural commodity;\n\n(B) A food additive; or\n\n(C) A color additive which may, in the judgment of the Administrator, make such article unfit for human food;\n\n(ii) If it is, in whole or in part, a raw agricultural commodity and such commodity bears or contains a pesticide chemical which is unsafe within the meaning of section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act;\n\n(iii) If it bears or contains any food additive which is unsafe within the meaning of section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act;\n\n(iv) If it bears or contains any color additive which is unsafe within the meaning of section 706 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: Provided, That an article which is not deemed adulterated under paragraphs (2)(ii), (iii), or (iv) of this definition shall nevertheless be deemed adulterated if use of the pesticide chemical food additive, or color additive in or on such article is prohibited by the regulations in this subchapter in official establishments;\n\n(3) If it consists in whole or in part of any filthy, putrid, or decomposed substance or is for any other reason unsound, unhealthful, unwholesome, or otherwise unfit for human food;\n\n(4) If it has been prepared, packed, or held under unsanitary conditions whereby it may have become contaminated with filth, or whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health;\n\n(5) If it is, in whole or in part, the product of an animal which has died otherwise than by slaughter;\n\n(6) If its container is composed, in whole or in part, of any poisonous or deleterious substance that may render the contents injurious to health;\n\n(7) If it has been intentionally subjected to radiation, unless the use of the radiation was in conformity with a regulation or exemption in effect pursuant to section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act;\n\n(8) If any valuable constituent has been in whole or in part omitted or abstracted therefrom; or if any substance has been substituted, wholly or in part therefore; or if damage or inferiority has been concealed in any manner; or if any substance has been added thereto or mixed or packed therewith so as to increase its bulk or weight, or reduce its quality or strength, or make it appear better or of greater value than it is.\n\nAmenable species.  A species that is, and whose products are, subject to the Act and regulations promulgated under the Act, except as the Act may provide.\n\nAnimal food.  Any article intended for use as food for dogs, cats, or other animals, derived wholly, or in part, from the carcass or parts or products of the carcass of any amenable species, except that the term animal food as used herein does not include:\n\n(1) Processed dry animal food or\n\n(2) Feeds for amenable species manufactured from processed by products of amenable species.\n\nApplicant.  Any person who requests inspection service, exemption, or other authorization under the regulations.\n\nBiological residue.  Any substance, including metabolites, remaining in fish at time of slaughter or in any of their tissues after slaughter as the result of treatment or exposure of the fish to a pesticide, organic or inorganic compound, hormone, hormone like substance, anthelmintic, or other therapeutic or prophylactic agent.\n\nCapable of use as human food.  This term applies to any carcass or part or product of a carcass of any fish unless it is denatured or otherwise identified as required by \u00a7 540.3 of this subchapter to deter its use as a human food, or it is naturally inedible by humans;  e.g.,  barbels or fins in their natural state.\n\nCarcass.  All parts, including viscera, of any slaughtered livestock.\n\nCommerce.  Commerce between any State, any Territory, or the District of Columbia, and any place outside thereof; or within any Territory not organized with a legislative body, or the District of Columbia.\n\nConsumer package.  Any container in which a fish product is enclosed for the purpose of display and sale to household consumers.\n\nContainer.  Any box, can, tin, cloth, plastic, or any other receptacle, wrapper, or cover.\n\nDead fish.  The body of a fish that has died otherwise than by slaughter.\n\nDying or diseased fish.  Fish affected by any of the conditions for which the fish are required to be condemned under part 539 or other regulations in this subchapter.\n\nEdible.  Intended for use as human food.\n\nFarm-raised.  Grown under controlled conditions, within an enclosed space, as on a farm.\n\nFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.  The Act so entitled, approved June 25, 1938 (52 Stat. 1040), and Acts amendatory thereof or supplementary thereto.\n\nFirm.  Any partnership, association, or other unincorporated business organization.\n\nFish.  (1) For the purposes of this subchapter, any fish of the order Siluriformes, whether live or dead.\n\n(2) The skeletal muscle tissue of fish. As applied to products of fish of the order Siluriformes, this term has a meaning comparable to that of \u201cmeat\u201d in the meat inspection regulations (9 CFR 301.2).\n\nFish byproduct.  Any fish part capable of use as human food, other than the skeletal muscle tissue, that has been derived from one or more fish.\n\nFish food product.  Any article capable of use as human food that is made wholly or in part from any fish or part thereof; or any product that is made wholly or in part from any fish or part thereof, excepting those exempted from definition as a fish product by the Administrator in specific cases or by a regulation in this subchapter; upon a determination that they contain fish ingredients only in a relatively small proportion or historically have not been considered by consumers as products of the fish food industry, and provided that they comply with any requirements that are imposed in such cases or regulations as conditions of such exemptions to ensure that the fish meat or other portions of such carcasses contained in such articles are not adulterated, and that such articles are not represented as fish food products.\n\nFish product.  Any fish or fish part; or any product that is made wholly or in part from any fish or fish part, except for those exempted from definition as a fish product by the Administrator in a regulation in this subchapter. Except where the context requires otherwise ( e.g.,  in part 540 of this subchapter), this term is limited to articles capable of use as human food.\n\nFurther processing.  Smoking, cooking, canning, curing, refining, or rendering in an official establishment of product previously prepared in official establishments.\n\nImmediate container.  The receptacle or other covering in which any product is directly contained or wholly or partially enclosed.\n\nInedible.  Adulterated, uninspected, or not intended for use as human food.\n\n\u201cInspected and passed\u201d or \u201cU.S. Inspected and Passed\u201d or \u201cU.S. Inspected and Passed by Department of Agriculture\u201d (or any authorized abbreviation thereof).  This term means that the product so identified has been inspected and passed under the regulations in this subchapter, and at the time it was inspected, passed, and identified, it was found to be not adulterated.\n\nLabel.  A display of written, printed, or graphic matter upon the immediate container (not including package liners) of any article.\n\nLabeling.  All labels and other written, printed, or graphic matter:\n\n(1) Upon any article or any of its containers or wrappers, or\n\n(2) Accompanying such article.\n\nMisbranded.  This term applies to any carcass, part thereof, fish or fish food product under one or more of the following circumstances:\n\n(1) If its labeling is false or misleading in any particular;\n\n(2) If it is offered for sale under the name of another food;\n\n(3) If it is an imitation of another food, unless its label bears, in type of uniform size and prominence, the word \u201cimitation\u201d and immediately thereafter, the name of the food imitated;\n\n(4) If its container is so made, formed, or filled as to be misleading;\n\n(5) If in a package or other container unless it bears a label showing:\n\n(i) The name and place of business of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor; and\n\n(ii) An accurate statement of the quantity of the contents in terms of weight, measure, or numerical count; except as otherwise provided in part 317 of this subchapter with respect to the quantity of contents;\n\n(6) If any word, statement, or other information required by or under authority of the Act to appear on the label or other labeling is not prominently placed thereon with such conspicuousness (as compared with other words, statements, designs, or devices, in the labeling) and in such terms as to render it likely to be read and understood by the ordinary individual under customary conditions of purchase and use;\n\n(7) If it purports to be or is represented as a food for which a definition and standard of identity or composition has been prescribed by the regulations in part 319 of this subchapter unless:\n\n(i) It conforms to such definition and standard, and\n\n(ii) Its label bears the name of the food specified in the definition and standard and, insofar as may be required by such regulations, the common names of optional ingredients (other than spices, flavoring, and coloring) present in such food;\n\n(8) If it purports to be or is represented as a food for which a standard or standards of fill of container have been prescribed by the regulations in part 319 of this subchapter, and it falls below the standard of fill of container applicable thereto, unless its label bears, in such manner and form as such regulations specify, a statement that it falls below such standard;\n\n(9) If it is not subject to the provisions of paragraph (7)(ii) of this definition unless its label bears:\n\n(i) The common or usual name of the food, if any there be, and\n\n(ii) In case it is fabricated from two or more ingredients, the common or usual name of each such ingredient, except as otherwise provided in part 317 of this subchapter;\n\n(10) If it purports to be or is represented for special dietary uses, unless its label bears such information concerning its vitamin, mineral, and other dietary properties as is required by the regulations in part 317 of this subchapter.\n\n(11) If it bears or contains any artificial flavoring, artificial coloring, or chemical preservative, unless it bears a label stating that fact; except as otherwise provided by the regulations in part 317 of this subchapter; or\n\n(12) If it fails to bear, directly thereon or on its containers, when required by the regulations in part 316 or 317 of this subchapter, the inspection legend and, unrestricted by any of the foregoing, such other information as the Administrator may require in such regulations to assure that it will not have false or misleading labeling and that the public will be informed of the manner of handling required to maintain the article in a wholesome condition.\n\nNonfood compound.  Any substance proposed for use in official establishments, the intended use of which will not result, directly or indirectly, in the substance becoming a component or otherwise affecting the characteristics of fish food and fish products excluding labeling and packaging materials as covered in part 541 of this subchapter.\n\nOfficial certificate.  Any certificate prescribed by the regulations in this subchapter for issuance by an inspector or other person performing official functions under the Act.\n\nOfficial device.  Any device prescribed by the regulations in part 312 of this subchapter for use in applying any official mark.\n\nOfficial establishment.  Any slaughtering, cutting, boning, fish product canning, curing, smoking, salting, packing, rendering, or similar establishment at which inspection is maintained under the regulations in this subchapter.\n\nOfficial import inspection establishment.  This term means any establishment, other than an official establishment as defined in this section, where inspections are authorized to be conducted as prescribed in part 557 of this subchapter.\n\nOfficial inspection legend.  Any symbol prescribed by the regulations in this subchapter showing that an article was inspected and passed in accordance with the Act.\n\nOfficial mark.  The official inspection legend or any other symbol prescribed by the regulations in this subchapter to identify the status of any article, fish, or fish product under the Act.\n\nPackaging material.  Any cloth, paper, plastic, metal, or other material used to form a container, wrapper, label, or cover for fish products.\n\nPerson.  Any individual, firm, or corporation.\n\nPesticide chemical, food additive, color additive, raw agricultural commodity.  These terms shall have the same meanings for purposes of the Act and the regulations in this subchapter as under the Federal, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.\n\nPrepared.  Slaughtered, canned, salted, rendered, boned, cut up, or otherwise manufactured or processed.\n\nProcess authority.  A person or organization with expert knowledge in fish production process control and relevant regulations. This definition does not apply to \u00a7 548.6 of this subchapter or to subpart G of part 318 of this chapter.\n\nProcess schedule.  A written description of processing procedures, consisting of any number of specific, sequential operations directly under the control of the establishment employed in the manufacture of a specific product, including the control, monitoring, verification, validation, and corrective action activities associated with production. This definition does not apply to \u00a7 548.6 of this subchapter or to subpart G of part 318 of this chapter.\n\nProducer.  Any person engaged in the business of growing farm-raised fish.\n\nProduct.  Any carcass, fish, fish product, or fish food product, capable of use as human food.\n\nProgram.  The organizational unit within the Department having the responsibility for carrying out the provisions of the Act.\n\nProgram employee.  Any inspector or other individual employed by the Department or any cooperating agency who is authorized by the Secretary to do any work or perform any duty in connection with the Program.\n\nSlaughter.  With respect to fish, intentional killing under controlled conditions.\n\nState.  Any State of the United States or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.\n\nTerritory.  Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, and any other territory or possession of the United States.\n\nU.S. Condemned.  This term means that the fish, part, or product of fish so identified was inspected and found to be adulterated and is condemned.\n\nU.S. Detained.  This term applies to fish, fish products, and other articles which are held in official custody in accordance with section 402 of the Act (21 U.S.C. 672), pending disposal as provided in the same section 402.\n\nU.S. Retained.  This term means that the fish, part, or product of fish so identified is held for further examination by an inspector at an official establishment to determine its disposal.\n\nUnited States.  The States, the District of Columbia, and the Territories of the United States."]], "truncated": false, "filtered_table_rows_count": 54, "expanded_columns": [], "expandable_columns": [], "columns": ["section_id", "title_number", "title_name", "chapter", "subchapter", "part_number", "part_name", "subpart", "subpart_name", "section_number", "section_heading", "agency", "authority", "source_citation", "amendment_citations", "full_text"], "primary_keys": ["section_id"], "units": {}, "query": {"sql": "select section_id, title_number, title_name, chapter, subchapter, part_number, part_name, subpart, subpart_name, section_number, section_heading, agency, authority, source_citation, amendment_citations, full_text from cfr_sections where \"part_number\" = :p0 order by section_id limit 101", "params": {"p0": "531"}}, "facet_results": {"title_number": {"name": "title_number", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531", "results": [{"value": 29, "label": 29, "count": 34, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&title_number=29", "selected": false}, {"value": 46, "label": 46, "count": 13, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&title_number=46", "selected": false}, {"value": 49, "label": 49, "count": 6, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&title_number=49", "selected": false}, {"value": 9, "label": 9, "count": 1, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&title_number=9", "selected": false}], "truncated": false}, "agency": {"name": "agency", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531", "results": [{"value": "DOL-WHD", "label": "DOL-WHD", "count": 34, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&agency=DOL-WHD", "selected": false}, {"value": "FMC", "label": "FMC", "count": 13, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&agency=FMC", "selected": false}, {"value": "NHTSA", "label": "NHTSA", "count": 6, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&agency=NHTSA", "selected": false}, {"value": "FSIS", "label": "FSIS", "count": 1, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&agency=FSIS", "selected": false}], "truncated": false}, "part_number": {"name": "part_number", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531", "results": [{"value": "531", "label": "531", "count": 54, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json", "selected": true}], "truncated": false}}, "suggested_facets": [{"name": "title_name", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&_facet=title_name"}, {"name": "chapter", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&_facet=chapter"}, {"name": "subchapter", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&_facet=subchapter"}, {"name": "part_name", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&_facet=part_name"}, {"name": "subpart", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&_facet=subpart"}, {"name": "subpart_name", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&_facet=subpart_name"}, {"name": "amendment_citations", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=531&_facet=amendment_citations"}], "next": null, "next_url": null, "private": false, "allow_execute_sql": true, "query_ms": 12.13208504486829, "source": "Federal Register API & Regulations.gov API", "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/developers/api/v1", "license": "Public Domain (U.S. Government data)", "license_url": "https://www.regulations.gov/faq"}