{"database": "openregs", "table": "cfr_sections", "is_view": false, "human_description_en": "where part_number = 135 sorted by section_id", "rows": [["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.1", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.1 Applicability.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978]", "(a) This part prescribes rules governing\u2014\n\n(1) The commuter or on-demand operations of each person who holds or is required to hold an Air Carrier Certificate or Operating Certificate under part 119 of this chapter.\n\n(2) Each person employed or used by a certificate holder conducting operations under this part including the maintenance, preventative maintenance and alteration of an aircraft.\n\n(3) The transportation of mail by aircraft conducted under a postal service contract awarded under 39 U.S.C. 5402c.\n\n(4) Each person who applies for provisional approval of an Advanced Qualification Program curriculum, curriculum segment, or portion of a curriculum segment under subpart Y of part 121 of this chapter of 14 CFR part 121 and each person employed or used by an air carrier or commercial operator under this part to perform training, qualification, or evaluation functions under an Advanced Qualification Program under subpart Y of part 121 of this chapter of 14 CFR part 121.\n\n(5) Nonstop Commercial Air Tour flights conducted for compensation or hire in accordance with \u00a7 119.1(e)(2) of this chapter that begin and end at the same airport and are conducted within a 25-statute-mile radius of that airport; provided further that these operations must comply only with the drug and alcohol testing requirements in \u00a7\u00a7 120.31, 120.33, 120.35, 120.37, and 120.39 of this chapter; and with the provisions of part 136, subpart A, and \u00a7 91.147 of this chapter by September 11, 2007.\n\n(6) Each person who is on board an aircraft being operated under this part.\n\n(7) Each person who is an applicant for an Air Carrier Certificate or an Operating Certificate under 119 of this chapter, when conducting proving tests.\n\n(8) Commercial Air tours conducted by holders of operations specifications issued under this part must comply with the provisions of part 136, Subpart A of this chapter by September 11, 2007.\n\n(9) Helicopter air ambulance operations as defined in \u00a7 135.601(b)(1).\n\n(b) [Reserved]\n\n(c) An operator who does not hold a part 119 certificate and who operates under the provisions of \u00a7 91.147 of this chapter is permitted to use a person who is otherwise authorized to perform aircraft maintenance or preventive maintenance duties and who is not subject to anti-drug and alcohol misuse prevent programs to perform\u2014\n\n(1) Aircraft maintenance or preventive maintenance on the operator's aircraft if the operator would otherwise be required to transport the aircraft more than 50 nautical miles further than the repair point closest to operator's principal place of operation to obtain these services; or\n\n(2) Emergency repairs on the operator's aircraft if the aircraft cannot be safely operated to a location where an employee subject to FAA-approved programs can perform the repairs.\n\n(d) Additional requirements for powered-lift operations, training, checking, and testing, are set forth in part 194 of this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.10", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.25 Aircraft requirements.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-8, 45 FR 68649, Oct. 16, 1980; Amdt. 135-66, 62 FR 13257, Mar. 19, 1997]", "(a) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, no certificate holder may operate an aircraft under this part unless that aircraft\u2014\n\n(1) Is registered as a civil aircraft of the United States and carries an appropriate and current airworthiness certificate issued under this chapter; and\n\n(2) Is in an airworthy condition and meets the applicable airworthiness requirements of this chapter, including those relating to identification and equipment.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder must have the exclusive use of at least one aircraft that meets the requirements for at least one kind of operation authorized in the certificate holder's operations specifications. In addition, for each kind of operation for which the certificate holder does not have the exclusive use of an aircraft, the certificate holder must have available for use under a written agreement (including arrangements for performing required maintenance) at least one aircraft that meets the requirements for that kind of operation. However, this paragraph does not prohibit the operator from using or authorizing the use of the aircraft for other than operations under this part and does not require the certificate holder to have exclusive use of all aircraft that the certificate holder uses.\n\n(c) For the purposes of paragraph (b) of this section, a person has exclusive use of an aircraft if that person has the sole possession, control, and use of it for flight, as owner, or has a written agreement (including arrangements for performing required maintenance), in effect when the aircraft is operated, giving the person that possession, control, and use for at least 6 consecutive months.\n\n(d) A certificate holder may operate in common carriage, and for the carriage of mail, a civil aircraft which is leased or chartered to it without crew and is registered in a country which is a party to the Convention on International Civil Aviation if\u2014\n\n(1) The aircraft carries an appropriate airworthiness certificate issued by the country of registration and meets the registration and identification requirements of that country;\n\n(2) The aircraft is of a type design which is approved under a U.S. type certificate and complies with all of the requirements of this chapter (14 CFR chapter I) that would be applicable to that aircraft were it registered in the United States, including the requirements which must be met for issuance of a U.S. standard airworthiness certificate (including type design conformity, condition for safe operation, and the noise, fuel venting, and engine emission requirements of this chapter), except that a U.S. registration certificate and a U.S. standard airworthiness certificate will not be issued for the aircraft;\n\n(3) The aircraft is operated by U.S.-certificated airmen employed by the certificate holder; and\n\n(4) The certificate holder files a copy of the aircraft lease or charter agreement with the FAA Aircraft Registry, Department of Transportation, 6400 South MacArthur Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK (Mailing address: P.O. Box 25504, Oklahoma City, OK 73125)."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.11", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.41 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 28154, 60 FR 65939, Dec. 20, 1995]", "If the holder of a certificate operating under this part allows any aircraft owned or leased by that holder to be engaged in any operation that the certificate holder knows to be in violation of \u00a7 91.19(a) of this chapter, that operation is a basis for suspending or revoking the certificate."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.12", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.43 Crewmember certificates: International operations.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 28154, 61 FR 30435, June 14, 1996, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "(a) This section describes the certificates that were issued to United States citizens who were employed by air carriers at the time of issuance as flight crewmembers on United States registered aircraft engaged in international air commerce. The purpose of the certificate is to facilitate the entry and clearance of those crewmembers into ICAO contracting states. They were issued under Annex 9, as amended, to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.\n\n(b) The holder of a certificate issued under this section, or the air carrier by whom the holder is employed, shall surrender the certificate for cancellation at the responsible Flight Standards office at the termination of the holder's employment with that air carrier."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.2", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.2 Compliance schedule for operators that transition to part 121 of this chapter; certain new entrant operators.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 28154, 60 FR 65938, Dec. 20, 1995, as amended by Amdt. 135-65, 61 FR 30435, June 14, 1996; Amdt. 135-66, 62 FR 13257, Mar. 19, 1997]", "(a)  Applicability.  This section applies to the following:\n\n(1) Each certificate holder that was issued an air carrier or operating certificate and operations specifications under the requirements of part 135 of this chapter or under SFAR No. 38-2 of 14 CFR part 121 before January 19, 1996, and that conducts scheduled passenger-carrying operations with:\n\n(i) Nontransport category turbopropeller powered airplanes type certificated after December 31, 1964, that have a passenger seat configuration of 10-19 seats;\n\n(ii) Transport category turbopropeller powered airplanes that have a passenger seat configuration of 20-30 seats; or\n\n(iii) Turbojet engine powered airplanes having a passenger seat configuration of 1-30 seats.\n\n(2) Each person who, after January 19, 1996, applies for or obtains an initial air carrier or operating certificate and operations specifications to conduct scheduled passenger-carrying operations in the kinds of airplanes described in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii), or paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section.\n\n(b)  Obtaining operations specifications.  A certificate holder described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section may not, after March 20, 1997, operate an airplane described in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii), or (a)(1)(iii) of this section in scheduled passenger-carrying operations, unless it obtains operations specifications to conduct its scheduled operations under part 121 of this chapter on or before March 20, 1997.\n\n(c)  Regular or accelerated compliance.  Except as provided in paragraphs (d), and (e) of this section, each certificate holder described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall comply with each applicable requirement of part 121 of this chapter on and after March 20, 1997 or on and after the date on which the certificate holder is issued operations specifications under this part, whichever occurs first. Except as provided in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, each person described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall comply with each applicable requirement of part 121 of this chapter on and after the date on which that person is issued a certificate and operations specifications under part 121 of this chapter.\n\n(d)  Delayed compliance dates.  Unless paragraph (e) of this section specifies an earlier compliance date, no certificate holder that is covered by paragraph (a) of this section may operate an airplane in 14 CFR part 121 operations on or after a date listed in this paragraph unless that airplane meets the applicable requirement of this paragraph:\n\n(1)  Nontransport category turbopropeller powered airplanes type certificated after December 31, 1964, that have a passenger seat configuration of 10-19 seats.  No certificate holder may operate under this part an airplane that is described in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section on or after a date listed in paragraph (d)(1) of this section unless that airplane meets the applicable requirement listed in paragraph (d)(1) of this section:\n\n(i) December 20, 1997:\n\n(A) Section 121.289, Landing gear aural warning.\n\n(B) Section 121.308, Lavatory fire protection.\n\n(C) Section 121.310(e), Emergency exit handle illumination.\n\n(D) Section 121.337(b)(8), Protective breathing equipment.\n\n(E) Section 121.340, Emergency flotation means.\n\n(ii) December 20, 1999: Section 121.342, Pitot heat indication system.\n\n(iii) December 20, 2010:\n\n(A) For airplanes described in \u00a7 121.157(f), the Airplane Performance Operating Limitations in \u00a7\u00a7 121.189 through 121.197.\n\n(B) Section 121.161(b), Ditching approval.\n\n(C) Section 121.305(j), Third attitude indicator.\n\n(D) Section 121.312(c), Passenger seat cushion flammability.\n\n(iv) March 12, 1999: Section 121.310(b)(1), Interior emergency exit locating sign.\n\n(2)  Transport category turbopropeller powered airplanes that have a passenger seat configuration of 20-30 seats.  No certificate holder may operate under this part an airplane that is described in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section on or after a date listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section unless that airplane meets the applicable requirement listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section:\n\n(i) December 20, 1997:\n\n(A) Section 121.308, Lavatory fire protection.\n\n(B) Section 121.337(b) (8) and (9), Protective breathing equipment.\n\n(C) Section 121.340, Emergency flotation means.\n\n(ii) December 20, 2010: Section 121.305(j), Third attitude indicator.\n\n(e)  Newly manufactured airplanes.  No certificate holder that is described in paragraph (a) of this section may operate under part 121 of this chapter an airplane manufactured on or after a date listed in this paragraph (e) unless that airplane meets the applicable requirement listed in this paragraph (e).\n\n(1) For nontransport category turbopropeller powered airplanes type certificated after December 31, 1964, that have a passenger seat configuration of 10-19 seats:\n\n(i) Manufactured on or after March 20, 1997:\n\n(A) Section 121.305(j), Third attitude indicator.\n\n(B) Section 121.311(f), Safety belts and shoulder harnesses.\n\n(ii) Manufactured on or after December 20, 1997: Section 121.317(a), Fasten seat belt light.\n\n(iii) Manufactured on or after December 20, 1999: Section 121.293, Takeoff warning system.\n\n(iv) Manufactured on or after March 12, 1999: Section 121.310(b)(1), Interior emergency exit locating sign.\n\n(2) For transport category turbopropeller powered airplanes that have a passenger seat configuration of 20-30 seats manufactured on or after March 20, 1997: Section 121.305(j), Third attitude indicator.\n\n(f)  New type certification requirements.  No person may operate an airplane for which the application for a type certificate was filed after March 29, 1995, in 14 CFR part 121 operations unless that airplane is type certificated under part 25 of this chapter.\n\n(g)  Transition plan.  Before March 19, 1996 each certificate holder described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section must submit to the FAA a transition plan (containing a calendar of events) for moving from conducting its scheduled operations under the commuter requirements of part 135 of this chapter to the requirements for domestic or flag operations under part 121 of this chapter. Each transition plan must contain details on the following:\n\n(1) Plans for obtaining new operations specifications authorizing domestic or flag operations;\n\n(2) Plans for being in compliance with the applicable requirements of part 121 of this chapter on or before March 20, 1997; and\n\n(3) Plans for complying with the compliance date schedules contained in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.3", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.3 Rules applicable to operations subject to this part.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 27993, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 20, 1995, as amended by Amdt. 135-65, 61 FR 30435, June 14, 1996; Amdt. 135-127A, 78 FR 77574, Dec. 24, 2013; Docket FAA-2010-0100, Amdt. 135-127B, 81 FR 2, Jan. 4, 2016; Amdt. 135-142, 85 FR 10935, Feb. 25, 2020; Docket FAA-2019-0360, Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51430, June 18, 2024]", "(a) Each person operating an aircraft in operations under this part shall\u2014\n\n(1) While operating inside the United States, comply with the applicable rules of this chapter; and\n\n(2) While operating outside the United States, comply with Annex 2, Rules of the Air, to the Convention on International Civil Aviation or the regulations of any foreign country, whichever applies, and with any rules of parts 61 and 91 of this chapter and this part that are more restrictive than that Annex or those regulations and that can be complied with without violating that Annex or those regulations. Annex 2 is incorporated by reference in \u00a7 91.703(b) of this chapter.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder that conducts commuter operations under this part with airplanes in which two pilots are required by the type certification rules of this chapter shall comply with subparts N and O of part 121 of this chapter instead of the requirements of subparts E, G, and H of this part. Notwithstanding the requirements of this paragraph, a pilot serving under this part as second in command in a commuter operation with airplanes in which two pilots are required by the type certification rules of this chapter may meet the requirements of \u00a7 135.245 instead of the requirements of \u00a7 121.436.\n\n(c) If authorized by the Administrator upon application, each certificate holder that conducts operations under this part to which paragraph (b) of this section does not apply, may comply with the applicable sections of subparts N and O of part 121 instead of the requirements of subparts E, G, and H of this part, except that those authorized certificate holders may choose to comply with the operating experience requirements of \u00a7 135.244, instead of the requirements of \u00a7 121.434 of this chapter. Notwithstanding the requirements of this paragraph, a pilot serving under this part as second in command may meet the requirements of \u00a7 135.245 instead of the requirements of \u00a7 121.436.\n\n(d) Additional limitations applicable to certificate holders that are required by paragraph (b) of this section or authorized in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section, to comply with part 121, subparts N and O of this chapter instead of subparts E, G, and H of this part.\n\n(1)  Upgrade training.  (i) Each certificate holder must include in upgrade ground training for pilots, instruction in at least the subjects identified in \u00a7 121.419(a) of this chapter, as applicable to their assigned duties; and, for pilots serving in crews of two or more pilots, instruction and facilitated discussion in the subjects identified in \u00a7 121.419(c) of this chapter.\n\n(ii) Each certificate holder must include in upgrade flight training for pilots, flight training for the maneuvers and procedures required in \u00a7 121.424(a), (c), (e), and (f) of this chapter; and, for pilots serving in crews of two or more pilots, the flight training required in \u00a7 121.424(b) of this chapter.\n\n(2) Initial and recurrent leadership and command and mentoring training. Certificate holders are not required to include leadership and command training in \u00a7\u00a7 121.409(b)(2)(ii)(F), 121.419(c)(1), 121.424(b) and 121.427(d)(1) of this chapter and mentoring training in \u00a7\u00a7 121.419(c)(2) and 121.427(d)(1) of this chapter in initial and recurrent training for pilots in command who serve in operations that use only one pilot.\n\n(3)  One-time leadership and command and mentoring training.  Section 121.429 of this chapter does not apply to certificate holders conducting operations under this part when those operations use only one pilot."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.4", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.4 Applicability of rules for eligible on-demand operations.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2001-10047, 68 FR 54585, Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "(a) An \u201celigible on-demand operation\u201d is an on-demand operation conducted under this part that meets the following requirements:\n\n(1)  Two-pilot crew.  The flightcrew must consist of at least two qualified pilots employed or contracted by the certificate holder.\n\n(2)  Flight crew experience.  The crewmembers must have met the applicable requirements of part 61 of this chapter and have the following experience and ratings:\n\n(i) Total flight time for all pilots:\n\n(A) Pilot in command\u2014A minimum of 1,500 hours.\n\n(B) Second in command\u2014A minimum of 500 hours.\n\n(ii) For multi-engine turbine-powered fixed-wing and powered-lift aircraft, the following FAA certification and ratings requirements:\n\n(A) Pilot in command\u2014Airline transport pilot and applicable type ratings.\n\n(B) Second in command\u2014Commercial pilot and instrument ratings.\n\n(iii) For all other aircraft, the following FAA certification and rating requirements:\n\n(A) Pilot in command\u2014Commercial pilot and instrument ratings.\n\n(B) Second in command\u2014Commercial pilot and instrument ratings.\n\n(3)  Pilot operating limitations.  If the second in command of a fixed-wing aircraft has fewer than 100 hours of flight time as second in command flying in the aircraft make and model and, if a type rating is required, in the type aircraft being flown, and the pilot in command is not an appropriately qualified check pilot, the pilot in command shall make all takeoffs and landings in any of the following situations:\n\n(i) Landings at the destination airport when a Destination Airport Analysis is required by \u00a7 135.385(f); and\n\n(ii) In any of the following conditions:\n\n(A) The prevailing visibility for the airport is at or below \n 3/4  mile.\n\n(B) The runway visual range for the runway to be used is at or below 4,000 feet.\n\n(C) The runway to be used has water, snow, slush, ice, or similar contamination that may adversely affect aircraft performance.\n\n(D) The braking action on the runway to be used is reported to be less than \u201cgood.\u201d\n\n(E) The crosswind component for the runway to be used is in excess of 15 knots.\n\n(F) Windshear is reported in the vicinity of the airport.\n\n(G) Any other condition in which the pilot in command determines it to be prudent to exercise the pilot in command's authority.\n\n(4)  Crew pairing.  Either the pilot in command or the second in command must have at least 75 hours of flight time in that aircraft make or model and, if a type rating is required, for that type aircraft, either as pilot in command or second in command.\n\n(b) The Administrator may authorize deviations from paragraphs (a)(2)(i) or (a)(4) of this section if the responsible Flight Standards office that issued the certificate holder's operations specifications finds that the crewmember has comparable experience, and can effectively perform the functions associated with the position in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. The Administrator may, at any time, terminate any grant of deviation authority issued under this paragraph. Grants of deviation under this paragraph may be granted after consideration of the size and scope of the operation, the qualifications of the intended personnel and the following circumstances:\n\n(1) A newly authorized certificate holder does not employ any pilots who meet the minimum requirements of paragraphs (a)(2)(i) or (a)(4) of this section.\n\n(2) An existing certificate holder adds to its fleet a new category and class aircraft not used before in its operation.\n\n(3) An existing certificate holder establishes a new base to which it assigns pilots who will be required to become qualified on the aircraft operated from that base.\n\n(c) An eligible on-demand operation may comply with alternative requirements specified in \u00a7\u00a7 135.225(b), 135.385(f), and 135.387(b) instead of the requirements that apply to other on-demand operations."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.5", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.7 Applicability of rules to unauthorized operators.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-58, 60 FR 65939, Dec. 20, 1995]", "The rules in this part which apply to a person certificated under part 119 of this chapter also apply to a person who engages in any operation governed by this part without an appropriate certificate and operations specifications required by part 119 of this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.6", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.12 Previously trained crewmembers.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 27993, 60 FR 65950, Dec. 20, 1995]", "A certificate holder may use a crewmember who received the certificate holder's training in accordance with subparts E, G, and H of this part before March 19, 1997 without complying with initial training and qualification requirements of subparts N and O of part 121 of this chapter. The crewmember must comply with the applicable recurrent training requirements of part 121 of this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.7", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.19 Emergency operations.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "(a) In an emergency involving the safety of persons or property, the certificate holder may deviate from the rules of this part relating to aircraft and equipment and weather minimums to the extent required to meet that emergency.\n\n(b) In an emergency involving the safety of persons or property, the pilot in command may deviate from the rules of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency.\n\n(c) Each person who, under the authority of this section, deviates from a rule of this part shall, within 10 days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays, after the deviation, send to the responsible Flight Standards office charged with the overall inspection of the certificate holder a complete report of the aircraft operation involved, including a description of the deviation and reasons for it."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.8", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.21 Manual requirements.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-18, 47 FR 33396, Aug. 2, 1982; Amdt. 135-58, 60 FR 65939, Dec. 20, 1995; Amdt. 135-66, 62 FR 13257, Mar. 19, 1997; Amdt. 135-91, 68 FR 54585, Sept. 17, 2003; Docket FAA-2022-0912, Amdt. 135-144, 88 FR 34443, May 30, 2023]", "(a) Each certificate holder, other than one who uses only one pilot in the certificate holder's operations, shall prepare and keep current a manual setting forth the certificate holder's procedures and policies acceptable to the Administrator. This manual must be used by the certificate holder's flight, ground, and maintenance personnel in conducting its operations. However, the Administrator may authorize a deviation from this paragraph if the Administrator finds that, because of the limited size of the operation, all or part of the manual is not necessary for guidance of flight, ground, or maintenance personnel.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder shall maintain at least one copy of the manual at its principal base of operations.\n\n(c) The manual must not be contrary to any applicable Federal regulations, foreign regulation applicable to the certificate holder's operations in foreign countries, or the certificate holder's operating certificate or operations specifications.\n\n(d) A copy of the manual, or appropriate portions of the manual (and changes and additions) shall be made available to maintenance and ground operations personnel by the certificate holder and furnished to\u2014\n\n(1) Its flight crewmembers; and\n\n(2) Representatives of the Administrator assigned to the certificate holder.\n\n(e) Each employee of the certificate holder to whom a manual or appropriate portions of it are furnished under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shall keep it up to date with the changes and additions furnished to them.\n\n(f) The certificate holder must ensure the appropriate parts of the manual are accessible to flight, ground, and maintenance personnel at all times when such personnel are performing their assigned duties.\n\n(g) The information and instructions contained in the manual must be displayed clearly and be retrievable in the English language."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.1.3.9", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "A", "Subpart A\u2014General", "", "\u00a7 135.23 Manual contents.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-20, 51 FR 40709, Nov. 7, 1986; Amdt. 135-58, 60 FR 65939, Dec. 20, 1995; Amdt. 135-91, 68 FR 54586, Sept. 17, 2003; Amdt. 135-101, 70 FR 58829, Oct. 7, 2005; Docket FAA-2022-0912, Amdt. 135-144, 88 FR 34443, May 30, 2023]", "Each manual accessed in paper format must display the date of last revision on each page. Each manual accessed in electronic format must display the date of last revision in a manner in which a person can immediately ascertain it. The manual must include:\n\n(a) The name of each management person required under \u00a7 119.69(a) of this chapter who is authorized to act for the certificate holder, the person's assigned area of responsibility, the person's duties, responsibilities, and authority, and the name and title of each person authorized to exercise operational control under \u00a7 135.77;\n\n(b) Procedures for ensuring compliance with aircraft weight and balance limitations and, for multiengine aircraft, for determining compliance with \u00a7 135.185;\n\n(c) Copies of the certificate holder's operations specifications or appropriate extracted information, including area of operations authorized, category and class of aircraft authorized, crew complements, and types of operations authorized;\n\n(d) Procedures for complying with accident notification requirements;\n\n(e) Procedures for ensuring that the pilot in command knows that required airworthiness inspections have been made and that the aircraft has been approved for return to service in compliance with applicable maintenance requirements;\n\n(f) Procedures for reporting and recording mechanical irregularities that come to the attention of the pilot in command before, during, and after completion of a flight;\n\n(g) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command for determining that mechanical irregularities or defects reported for previous flights have been corrected or that correction has been deferred;\n\n(h) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command to obtain maintenance, preventive maintenance, and servicing of the aircraft at a place where previous arrangements have not been made by the operator, when the pilot is authorized to so act for the operator;\n\n(i) Procedures under \u00a7 135.179 for the release for, or continuation of, flight if any item of equipment required for the particular type of operation becomes inoperative or unserviceable en route;\n\n(j) Procedures for refueling aircraft, eliminating fuel contamination, protecting from fire (including electrostatic protection), and supervising and protecting passengers during refueling;\n\n(k) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command in the briefing under \u00a7 135.117;\n\n(l) Flight locating procedures, when applicable;\n\n(m) Procedures for ensuring compliance with emergency procedures, including a list of the functions assigned each category of required crewmembers in connection with an emergency and emergency evacuation duties under \u00a7 135.123;\n\n(n) En route qualification procedures for pilots, when applicable;\n\n(o) The approved aircraft inspection program, when applicable;\n\n(p)(1) Procedures and information, as described in paragraph (p)(2) of this section, to assist each crewmember and person performing or directly supervising the following job functions involving items for transport on an aircraft:\n\n(i) Acceptance;\n\n(ii) Rejection;\n\n(iii) Handling;\n\n(iv) Storage incidental to transport;\n\n(v) Packaging of company material; or\n\n(vi) Loading.\n\n(2) Ensure that the procedures and information described in this paragraph are sufficient to assist a person in identifying packages that are marked or labeled as containing hazardous materials or that show signs of containing undeclared hazardous materials. The procedures and information must include:\n\n(i) Procedures for rejecting packages that do not conform to the Hazardous Materials Regulations in 49 CFR parts 171 through 180 or that appear to contain undeclared hazardous materials;\n\n(ii) Procedures for complying with the hazardous materials incident reporting requirements of 49 CFR 171.15 and 171.16 and discrepancy reporting requirements of 49 CFR 175.31.\n\n(iii) The certificate holder's hazmat policies and whether the certificate holder is authorized to carry, or is prohibited from carrying, hazardous materials; and\n\n(iv) If the certificate holder's operations specifications permit the transport of hazardous materials, procedures and information to ensure the following:\n\n(A) That packages containing hazardous materials are properly offered and accepted in compliance with 49 CFR parts 171 through 180;\n\n(B) That packages containing hazardous materials are properly handled, stored, packaged, loaded and carried on board an aircraft in compliance with 49 CFR parts 171 through 180;\n\n(C) That the requirements for Notice to the Pilot in Command (49 CFR 175.33) are complied with; and\n\n(D) That aircraft replacement parts, consumable materials or other items regulated by 49 CFR parts 171 through 180 are properly handled, packaged, and transported.\n\n(q) Procedures for the evacuation of persons who may need the assistance of another person to move expeditiously to an exit if an emergency occurs; and\n\n(r) If required by \u00a7 135.385, an approved Destination Airport Analysis establishing runway safety margins at destination airports, taking into account the following factors as supported by published aircraft performance data supplied by the aircraft manufacturer for the appropriate runway conditions\u2014\n\n(1) Pilot qualifications and experience;\n\n(2) Aircraft performance data to include normal, abnormal and emergency procedures as supplied by the aircraft manufacturer;\n\n(3) Airport facilities and topography;\n\n(4) Runway conditions (including contamination);\n\n(5) Airport or area weather reporting;\n\n(6) Appropriate additional runway safety margins, if required;\n\n(7) Airplane inoperative equipment;\n\n(8) Environmental conditions; and\n\n(9) Other criteria affecting aircraft performance.\n\n(s) Other procedures and policy instructions regarding the certificate holder's operations issued by the certificate holder."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.1", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.411 Applicability.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-70, 62 FR 42374, Aug. 6, 1997; Amdt. 135-78, 65 FR 60556, Oct. 11, 2000; Amdt. 135-92, 68 FR 69308, Dec. 12, 2003; Amdt. 135-81, 70 FR 5533, Feb. 2, 2005; Amdt. 135-108, 72 FR 1885, Jan. 16, 2007; 72 FR 53114, Sept. 18, 2007]", "(a) This subpart prescribes rules in addition to those in other parts of this chapter for the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations for each certificate holder as follows:\n\n(1) Aircraft that are type certificated for a passenger seating configuration, excluding any pilot seat, of nine seats or less, shall be maintained under parts 91 and 43 of this chapter and \u00a7\u00a7 135.415, 135.417, 135.421 and 135.422. An approved aircraft inspection program may be used under \u00a7 135.419.\n\n(2) Aircraft that are type certificated for a passenger seating configuration, excluding any pilot seat, of ten seats or more, shall be maintained under a maintenance program in \u00a7\u00a7 135.415, 135.417, 135.423 through 135.443.\n\n(b) A certificate holder who is not otherwise required, may elect to maintain its aircraft under paragraph (a)(2) of this section.\n\n(c) Single engine aircraft used in passenger-carrying IFR operations shall also be maintained in accordance with \u00a7 135.421 (c), (d), and (e).\n\n(d) A certificate holder who elects to operate in accordance with \u00a7 135.364 must maintain its aircraft under paragraph (a)(2) of this section and the additional requirements of Appendix G of this part."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.10", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.426 Contract maintenance.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2011-1136, Amdt. 135-132, 80 FR 11547, Mar. 4, 2015, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "(a) A certificate holder may arrange with another person for the performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations as authorized in \u00a7 135.437(a) only if the certificate holder has met all the requirements in this section. For purposes of this section\u2014\n\n(1) A  maintenance provider  is any person who performs maintenance, preventive maintenance, or an alteration for a certificate holder other than a person who is trained by and employed directly by that certificate holder.\n\n(2)  Covered work  means any of the following:\n\n(i) Essential maintenance that could result in a failure, malfunction, or defect endangering the safe operation of an aircraft if not performed properly or if improper parts or materials are used;\n\n(ii) Regularly scheduled maintenance; or\n\n(iii) A required inspection item on an aircraft.\n\n(3)  Directly in charge  means having responsibility for covered work performed by a maintenance provider. A representative of the certificate holder directly in charge of covered work does not need to physically observe and direct each maintenance provider constantly, but must be available for consultation on matters requiring instruction or decision.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder must be directly in charge of all covered work done for it by a maintenance provider.\n\n(c) Each maintenance provider must perform all covered work in accordance with the certificate holder's maintenance manual.\n\n(d) No maintenance provider may perform covered work unless that work is carried out under the supervision and control of the certificate holder.\n\n(e) Each certificate holder who contracts for maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations must develop and implement policies, procedures, methods, and instructions for the accomplishment of all contracted maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations. These policies, procedures, methods, and instructions must provide for the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations to be performed in accordance with the certificate holder's maintenance program and maintenance manual.\n\n(f) Each certificate holder who contracts for maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations must ensure that its system for the continuing analysis and surveillance of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations carried out by a maintenance provider, as required by \u00a7 135.431(a), contains procedures for oversight of all contracted covered work.\n\n(g) The policies, procedures, methods, and instructions required by paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section must be acceptable to the FAA and included in the certificate holder's maintenance manual, as required by \u00a7 135.427(b)(10).\n\n(h) Each certificate holder who contracts for maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations must provide to its responsible Flight Standards office, in a format acceptable to the FAA, a list that includes the name and physical (street) address, or addresses, where the work is carried out for each maintenance provider that performs work for the certificate holder, and a description of the type of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alteration that is to be performed at each location. The list must be updated with any changes, including additions or deletions, and the updated list provided to the FAA in a format acceptable to the FAA by the last day of each calendar month."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.11", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.427 Manual requirements.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-66, 62 FR 13257, Mar. 19, 1997; 69 FR 18472, Apr. 8, 2004; Amdt. 135-118, 74 FR 38522, Aug. 4, 2009; Docket FAA-2011-1136, Amdt. 135-132, 80 FR 11547, Mar. 4, 2015]", "(a) Each certificate holder shall put in its manual the chart or description of the certificate holder's organization required by \u00a7 135.423 and a list of persons with whom it has arranged for the performance of any of its required inspections, other maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations, including a general description of that work.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder shall put in its manual the programs required by \u00a7 135.425 that must be followed in performing maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations of that certificate holder's aircraft, including airframes, aircraft engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, emergency equipment, and parts, and must include at least the following:\n\n(1) The method of performing routine and nonroutine maintenance (other than required inspections), preventive maintenance, and alterations.\n\n(2) A designation of the items of maintenance and alteration that must be inspected (required inspections) including at least those that could result in a failure, malfunction, or defect endangering the safe operation of the aircraft, if not performed properly or if improper parts or materials are used.\n\n(3) The method of performing required inspections and a designation by occupational title of personnel authorized to perform each required inspection.\n\n(4) Procedures for the reinspection of work performed under previous required inspection findings ( buy-back procedures ).\n\n(5) Procedures, standards, and limits necessary for required inspections and acceptance or rejection of the items required to be inspected and for periodic inspection and calibration of precision tools, measuring devices, and test equipment.\n\n(6) Procedures to ensure that all required inspections are performed.\n\n(7) Instructions to prevent any person who performs any item of work from performing any required inspection of that work.\n\n(8) Instructions and procedures to prevent any decision of an inspector regarding any required inspection from being countermanded by persons other than supervisory personnel of the inspection unit, or a person at the level of administrative control that has overall responsibility for the management of both the required inspection functions and the other maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations functions.\n\n(9) Procedures to ensure that required inspections, other maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations that are not completed as a result of work interruptions are properly completed before the aircraft is released to service.\n\n(10) Policies, procedures, methods, and instructions for the accomplishment of all maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations carried out by a maintenance provider. These policies, procedures, methods, and instructions must be acceptable to the FAA and ensure that, when followed by the maintenance provider, the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations are performed in accordance with the certificate holder's maintenance program and maintenance manual.\n\n(c) Each certificate holder shall put in its manual a suitable system (which may include a coded system) that provides for the retention of the following information\u2014\n\n(1) A description (or reference to data acceptable to the Administrator) of the work performed;\n\n(2) The name of the person performing the work if the work is performed by a person outside the organization of the certificate holder; and\n\n(3) The name or other positive identification of the individual approving the work.\n\n(d) For the purposes of this part, the certificate holder must prepare that part of its manual containing maintenance information and instructions, in whole or in part, in printed form or other form, acceptable to the Administrator, that is retrievable in the English language."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.12", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.429 Required inspection personnel.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-20, 51 FR 40710, Nov. 7, 1986]", "(a) No person may use any person to perform required inspections unless the person performing the inspection is appropriately certificated, properly trained, qualified, and authorized to do so.\n\n(b) No person may allow any person to perform a required inspection unless, at the time, the person performing that inspection is under the supervision and control of an inspection unit.\n\n(c) No person may perform a required inspection if that person performed the item of work required to be inspected.\n\n(d) In the case of rotorcraft that operate in remote areas or sites, the Administrator may approve procedures for the performance of required inspection items by a pilot when no other qualified person is available, provided\u2014\n\n(1) The pilot is employed by the certificate holder;\n\n(2) It can be shown to the satisfaction of the Administrator that each pilot authorized to perform required inspections is properly trained and qualified;\n\n(3) The required inspection is a result of a mechanical interruption and is not a part of a certificate holder's continuous airworthiness maintenance program;\n\n(4) Each item is inspected after each flight until the item has been inspected by an appropriately certificated mechanic other than the one who originally performed the item of work; and\n\n(5) Each item of work that is a required inspection item that is part of the flight control system shall be flight tested and reinspected before the aircraft is approved for return to service.\n\n(e) Each certificate holder shall maintain, or shall determine that each person with whom it arranges to perform its required inspections maintains, a current listing of persons who have been trained, qualified, and authorized to conduct required inspections. The persons must be identified by name, occupational title and the inspections that they are authorized to perform. The certificate holder (or person with whom it arranges to perform its required inspections) shall give written information to each person so authorized, describing the extent of that person's responsibilities, authorities, and inspectional limitations. The list shall be made available for inspection by the Administrator upon request."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.13", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.431 Continuing analysis and surveillance.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-60, 61 FR 2617, Jan. 26, 1996; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "(a) Each certificate holder shall establish and maintain a system for the continuing analysis and surveillance of the performance and effectiveness of its inspection program and the program covering other maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations and for the correction of any deficiency in those programs, regardless of whether those programs are carried out by the certificate holder or by another person.\n\n(b) Whenever the Administrator finds that either or both of the programs described in paragraph (a) of this section does not contain adequate procedures and standards to meet this part, the certificate holder shall, after notification by the Administrator, make changes in those programs requested by the Administrator.\n\n(c) A certificate holder may petition the Administrator to reconsider the notice to make a change in a program. The petition must be filed with the responsible Flight Standards office within 30 days after the certificate holder receives the notice. Except in the case of an emergency requiring immediate action in the interest of safety, the filing of the petition stays the notice pending a decision by the Administrator."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.14", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.433 Maintenance and preventive maintenance training program.", "FAA", "", "", "", "Each certificate holder or a person performing maintenance or preventive maintenance functions for it shall have a training program to ensure that each person (including inspection personnel) who determines the adequacy of work done is fully informed about procedures and techniques and new equipment in use and is competent to perform that person's duties."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.15", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.435 Certificate requirements.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-82, 66 FR 41117, Aug. 6, 2001]", "(a) Except for maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations, and required inspections performed by a certificated repair station that is located outside the United States, each person who is directly in charge of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations, and each person performing required inspections must hold an appropriate airman certificate.\n\n(b) For the purpose of this section, a person  directly in charge  is each person assigned to a position in which that person is responsible for the work of a shop or station that performs maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations, or other functions affecting airworthiness. A person who is  directly in charge  need not physically observe and direct each worker constantly but must be available for consultation and decision on matters requiring instruction or decision from higher authority than that of the person performing the work."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.16", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.437 Authority to perform and approve maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) A certificate holder may perform or make arrangements with other persons to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations as provided in its maintenance manual. In addition, a certificate holder may perform these functions for another certificate holder as provided in the maintenance manual of the other certificate holder.\n\n(b) A certificate holder may approve any airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, rotor, or appliance for return to service after maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations that are performed under paragraph (a) of this section. However, in the case of a major repair or alteration, the work must have been done in accordance with technical data approved by the Administrator."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.17", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.439 Maintenance recording requirements.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978; 43 FR 49975, Oct. 26, 1978]", "(a) Each certificate holder shall keep (using the system specified in the manual required in \u00a7 135.427) the following records for the periods specified in paragraph (b) of this section:\n\n(1) All the records necessary to show that all requirements for the issuance of an airworthiness release under \u00a7 135.443 have been met.\n\n(2) Records containing the following information:\n\n(i) The total time in service of the airframe, engine, propeller, and rotor.\n\n(ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance.\n\n(iii) The time since last overhaul of each item installed on the aircraft which are required to be overhauled on a specified time basis.\n\n(iv) The identification of the current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last inspections required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its appliances are maintained.\n\n(v) The current status of applicable airworthiness directives, including the date and methods of compliance, and, if the airworthiness directive involves recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required.\n\n(vi) A list of current major alterations and repairs to each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder shall retain the records required to be kept by this section for the following periods:\n\n(1) Except for the records of the last complete overhaul of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance the records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be retained until the work is repeated or superseded by other work or for one year after the work is performed.\n\n(2) The records of the last complete overhaul of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance shall be retained until the work is superseded by work of equivalent scope and detail.\n\n(3) The records specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be retained and transferred with the aircraft at the time the aircraft is sold.\n\n(c) The certificate holder shall make all maintenance records required to be kept by this section available for inspection by the Administrator or any representative of the National Transportation Safety Board."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.18", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.441 Transfer of maintenance records.", "FAA", "", "", "", "Each certificate holder who sells a United States registered aircraft shall transfer to the purchaser, at the time of the sale, the following records of that aircraft, in plain language form or in coded form which provides for the preservation and retrieval of information in a manner acceptable to the Administrator:\n\n(a) The records specified in \u00a7 135.439(a)(2).\n\n(b) The records specified in \u00a7 135.439(a)(1) which are not included in the records covered by paragraph (a) of this section, except that the purchaser may allow the seller to keep physical custody of such records. However, custody of records by the seller does not relieve the purchaser of its responsibility under \u00a7 135.439(c) to make the records available for inspection by the Administrator or any representative of the National Transportation Safety Board."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.19", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.443 Airworthiness release or aircraft maintenance log entry.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-29, 53 FR 47375, Nov. 22, 1988; Amdt. 135-82, 66 FR 41117, Aug. 6, 2001]", "(a) No certificate holder may operate an aircraft after maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations are performed on the aircraft unless the certificate holder prepares, or causes the person with whom the certificate holder arranges for the performance of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations, to prepare\u2014\n\n(1) An airworthiness release; or\n\n(2) An appropriate entry in the aircraft maintenance log.\n\n(b) The airworthiness release or log entry required by paragraph (a) of this section must\u2014\n\n(1) Be prepared in accordance with the procedure in the certificate holder's manual;\n\n(2) Include a certification that\u2014\n\n(i) The work was performed in accordance with the requirements of the certificate holder's manual;\n\n(ii) All items required to be inspected were inspected by an authorized person who determined that the work was satisfactorily completed;\n\n(iii) No known condition exists that would make the aircraft unairworthy; and\n\n(iv) So far as the work performed is concerned, the aircraft is in condition for safe operation; and\n\n(3) Be signed by an authorized certificated mechanic or repairman, except that a certificated repairman may sign the release or entry only for the work for which that person is employed and for which that person is certificated.\n\n(c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(3) of this section, after maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations performed by a repair station located outside the United States , the airworthiness release or log entry required by paragraph (a) of this section may be signed by a person authorized by that repair station.\n\n(d) Instead of restating each of the conditions of the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section, the certificate holder may state in its manual that the signature of an authorized certificated mechanic or repairman constitutes that certification."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.2", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.413 Responsibility for airworthiness.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) Each certificate holder is primarily responsible for the airworthiness of its aircraft, including airframes, aircraft engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, and parts, and shall have its aircraft maintained under this chapter, and shall have defects repaired between required maintenance under part 43 of this chapter.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder who maintains its aircraft under \u00a7 135.411(a)(2) shall\u2014\n\n(1) Perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration of its aircraft, including airframe, aircraft engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, emergency equipment and parts, under its manual and this chapter; or\n\n(2) Make arrangements with another person for the performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alteration. However, the certificate holder shall ensure that any maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alteration that is performed by another person is performed under the certificate holder's manual and this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.3", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.415 Service difficulty reports.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-102, 70 FR 76979, Dec. 29, 2005; Docket FAA-2022-1355, Amdt. 135-143; 87 FR 75848, Dec. 9, 2022]", "(a) Each certificate holder shall report the occurrence or detection of each failure, malfunction, or defect in an aircraft concerning\u2014\n\n(1) Fires during flight and whether the related fire-warning system functioned properly;\n\n(2) Fires during flight not protected by related fire-warning system;\n\n(3) False fire-warning during flight;\n\n(4) An exhaust system that causes damage during flight to the engine, adjacent structure, equipment, or components;\n\n(5) An aircraft component that causes accumulation or circulation of smoke, vapor, or toxic or noxious fumes in the crew compartment or passenger cabin during flight;\n\n(6) Engine shutdown during flight because of flameout;\n\n(7) Engine shutdown during flight when external damage to the engine or aircraft structure occurs;\n\n(8) Engine shutdown during flight due to foreign object ingestion or icing;\n\n(9) Shutdown of more than one engine during flight;\n\n(10) A propeller feathering system or ability of the system to control overspeed during flight;\n\n(11) A fuel or fuel-dumping system that affects fuel flow or causes hazardous leakage during flight;\n\n(12) An unwanted landing gear extension or retraction or opening or closing of landing gear doors during flight;\n\n(13) Brake system components that result in loss of brake actuating force when the aircraft is in motion on the ground;\n\n(14) Aircraft structure that requires major repair;\n\n(15) Cracks, permanent deformation, or corrosion of aircraft structures, if more than the maximum acceptable to the manufacturer or the FAA; and\n\n(16) Aircraft components or systems that result in taking emergency actions during flight (except action to shut-down an engine).\n\n(b) For the purpose of this section,  during flight  means the period from the moment the aircraft leaves the surface of the earth on takeoff until it touches down on landing.\n\n(c) In addition to the reports required by paragraph (a) of this section, each certificate holder shall report any other failure, malfunction, or defect in an aircraft that occurs or is detected at any time if, in its opinion, the failure, malfunction, or defect has endangered or may endanger the safe operation of the aircraft.\n\n(d) Each certificate holder shall submit each report required by this section, covering each 24-hour period beginning at 0900 local time of each day and ending at 0900 local time on the next day, to the FAA offices in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Each report of occurrences during a 24-hour period shall be submitted to the collection point within the next 96 hours. However, a report due on Saturday or Sunday may be submitted on the following Monday, and a report due on a holiday may be submitted on the next workday.\n\n(e) The certificate holder shall transmit the reports required by this section on a form and in a manner prescribed by the Administrator, and shall include as much of the following as is available:\n\n(1) The type and identification number of the aircraft.\n\n(2) The name of the operator.\n\n(3) The date.\n\n(4) The nature of the failure, malfunction, or defect.\n\n(5) Identification of the part and system involved, including available information pertaining to type designation of the major component and time since last overhaul, if known.\n\n(6) Apparent cause of the failure, malfunction or defect (e.g., wear, crack, design deficiency, or personnel error).\n\n(7) Other pertinent information necessary for more complete identification, determination of seriousness, or corrective action.\n\n(f) A certificate holder that is also the holder of a type certificate (including a supplemental type certificate), a Parts Manufacturer Approval, or a Technical Standard Order Authorization, or that is the licensee of a type certificate need not report a failure, malfunction, or defect under this section if the failure, malfunction, or defect has been reported by it under \u00a7 21.3 or \u00a7 37.17 of this chapter or under the accident reporting provisions of 49 CFR part 830 of the regulations of the National Transportation Safety Board.\n\n(g) No person may withhold a report required by this section even though all information required by this section is not available.\n\n(h) When the certificate holder gets additional information, including information from the manufacturer or other agency, concerning a report required by this section, it shall expeditiously submit it as a supplement to the first report and reference the date and place of submission of the first report."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.4", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.417 Mechanical interruption summary report.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-60, 61 FR 2616, Jan. 26, 1996; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "Each certificate holder shall mail or deliver, before the end of the 10th day of the following month, a summary report of the following occurrences in multiengine aircraft for the preceding month to the responsible Flight Standards office:\n\n(a) Each interruption to a flight, unscheduled change of aircraft en route, or unscheduled stop or diversion from a route, caused by known or suspected mechanical difficulties or malfunctions that are not required to be reported under \u00a7 135.415.\n\n(b) The number of propeller featherings in flight, listed by type of propeller and engine and aircraft on which it was installed. Propeller featherings for training, demonstration, or flight check purposes need not be reported."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.5", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.419 Approved aircraft inspection program.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-104, 71 FR 536, Jan. 4, 2006]", "(a) Whenever the Administrator finds that the aircraft inspections required or allowed under part 91 of this chapter are not adequate to meet this part, or upon application by a certificate holder, the Administrator may amend the certificate holder's operations specifications under \u00a7 119.51, to require or allow an approved aircraft inspection program for any make and model aircraft of which the certificate holder has the exclusive use of at least one aircraft (as defined in \u00a7 135.25(b)).\n\n(b) A certificate holder who applies for an amendment of its operations specifications to allow an approved aircraft inspection program must submit that program with its application for approval by the Administrator.\n\n(c) Each certificate holder who is required by its operations specifications to have an approved aircraft inspection program shall submit a program for approval by the Administrator within 30 days of the amendment of its operations specifications or within any other period that the Administrator may prescribe in the operations specifications.\n\n(d) The aircraft inspection program submitted for approval by the Administrator must contain the following:\n\n(1) Instructions and procedures for the conduct of aircraft inspections (which must include necessary tests and checks), setting forth in detail the parts and areas of the airframe, engines, propellers, rotors, and appliances, including emergency equipment, that must be inspected.\n\n(2) A schedule for the performance of the aircraft inspections under paragraph (d)(1) of this section expressed in terms of the time in service, calendar time, number of system operations, or any combination of these.\n\n(3) Instructions and procedures for recording discrepancies found during inspections and correction or deferral of discrepancies including form and disposition of records.\n\n(e) After approval, the certificate holder shall include the approved aircraft inspection program in the manual required by \u00a7 135.21.\n\n(f) Whenever the Administrator finds that revisions to an approved aircraft inspection program are necessary for the continued adequacy of the program, the certificate holder shall, after notification by the Administrator, make any changes in the program found by the Administrator to be necessary. The certificate holder may petition the Administrator to reconsider the notice to make any changes in a program. The petition must be filed with the representatives of the Administrator assigned to it within 30 days after the certificate holder receives the notice. Except in the case of an emergency requiring immediate action in the interest of safety, the filing of the petition stays the notice pending a decision by the Administrator.\n\n(g) Each certificate holder who has an approved aircraft inspection program shall have each aircraft that is subject to the program inspected in accordance with the program.\n\n(h) The registration number of each aircraft that is subject to an approved aircraft inspection program must be included in the operations specifications of the certificate holder."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.6", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.421 Additional maintenance requirements.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-70, 62 FR 42374, Aug. 6, 1997]", "(a) Each certificate holder who operates an aircraft type certificated for a passenger seating configuration, excluding any pilot seat, of nine seats or less, must comply with the manufacturer's recommended maintenance programs, or a program approved by the Administrator, for each aircraft engine, propeller, rotor, and each item of emergency equipment required by this chapter.\n\n(b) For the purpose of this section, a manufacturer's maintenance program is one which is contained in the maintenance manual or maintenance instructions set forth by the manufacturer as required by this chapter for the aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, rotor or item of emergency equipment.\n\n(c) For each single engine aircraft to be used in passenger-carrying IFR operations, each certificate holder must incorporate into its maintenance program either:\n\n(1) The manufacturer's recommended engine trend monitoring program, which includes an oil analysis, if appropriate, or\n\n(2) An FAA approved engine trend monitoring program that includes an oil analysis at each 100 hour interval or at the manufacturer's suggested interval, whichever is more frequent.\n\n(d) For single engine aircraft to be used in passenger-carrying IFR operations, written maintenance instructions containing the methods, techniques, and practices necessary to maintain the equipment specified in \u00a7\u00a7 135.105, and 135.163 (f) and (h) are required.\n\n(e) No certificate holder may operate a single engine aircraft under IFR, carrying passengers, unless the certificate holder records and maintains in the engine maintenance records the results of each test, observation, and inspection required by the applicable engine trend monitoring program specified in (c) (1) and (2) of this section."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.7", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.422 Aging airplane inspections and records reviews for multiengine airplanes certificated with nine or fewer passenger seats.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-1999-5401, 70 FR 5533, Feb. 2, 2005]", "(a)  Applicability.  This section applies to multiengine airplanes certificated with nine or fewer passenger seats, operated by a certificate holder in a scheduled operation under this part, except for those airplanes operated by a certificate holder in a scheduled operation between any point within the State of Alaska and any other point within the State of Alaska.\n\n(b)  Operation after inspections and records review.  After the dates specified in this paragraph, a certificate holder may not operate a multiengine airplane in a scheduled operation under this part unless the Administrator has notified the certificate holder that the Administrator has completed the aging airplane inspection and records review required by this section. During the inspection and records review, the certificate holder must demonstrate to the Administrator that the maintenance of age-sensitive parts and components of the airplane has been adequate and timely enough to ensure the highest degree of safety.\n\n(1)  Airplanes exceeding 24 years in service on December 8, 2003; initial and repetitive inspections and records reviews.  For an airplane that has exceeded 24 years in service on December 8, 2003, no later than December 5, 2007, and thereafter at intervals not to exceed 7 years.\n\n(2)  Airplanes exceeding 14 years in service but not 24 years in service on December 8, 2003; initial and repetitive inspections and records reviews.  For an airplane that has exceeded 14 years in service, but not 24 years in service, on December 8, 2003, no later than December 4, 2008, and thereafter at intervals not to exceed 7 years.\n\n(3)  Airplanes not exceeding 14 years in service on December 8, 2003; initial and repetitive inspections and records reviews.  For an airplane that has not exceeded 14 years in service on December 8, 2003, no later than 5 years after the start of the airplane's 15th year in service and thereafter at intervals not to exceed 7 years.\n\n(c)  Unforeseen schedule conflict.  In the event of an unforeseen scheduling conflict for a specific airplane, the Administrator may approve an extension of up to 90 days beyond an interval specified in paragraph (b) of this section.\n\n(d)  Airplane and records availability.  The certificate holder must make available to the Administrator each airplane for which an inspection and records review is required under this section, in a condition for inspection specified by the Administrator, together with the records containing the following information:\n\n(1) Total years in service of the airplane;\n\n(2) Total time in service of the airframe;\n\n(3) Date of the last inspection and records review required by this section;\n\n(4) Current status of life-limited parts of the airframe;\n\n(5) Time since the last overhaul of all structural components required to be overhauled on a specific time basis;\n\n(6) Current inspection status of the airplane, including the time since the last inspection required by the inspection program under which the airplane is maintained;\n\n(7) Current status of applicable airworthiness directives, including the date and methods of compliance, and, if the airworthiness directive involves recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required;\n\n(8) A list of major structural alterations; and\n\n(9) A report of major structural repairs and the current inspection status for these repairs.\n\n(e)  Notification to the Administrator.  Each certificate holder must notify the Administrator at least 60 days before the date on which the airplane and airplane records will be made available for the inspection and records review."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.8", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.423 Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration organization.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978. Redesignated by Amdt. 135-81, 67 FR 72765, Dec. 6, 2002. Redesignated by Amdt. 135-81, 70 FR 5533, Feb. 2, 2005]", "(a) Each certificate holder that performs any of its maintenance (other than required inspections), preventive maintenance, or alterations, and each person with whom it arranges for the performance of that work, must have an organization adequate to perform the work.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder that performs any inspections required by its manual under \u00a7 135.427(b) (2) or (3), (in this subpart referred to as  required inspections ), and each person with whom it arranges for the performance of that work, must have an organization adequate to perform that work.\n\n(c) Each person performing required inspections in addition to other maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations, shall organize the performance of those functions so as to separate the required inspection functions from the other maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration functions. The separation shall be below the level of administrative control at which overall responsibility for the required inspection functions and other maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration functions is exercised."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.10.3.9", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "J", "Subpart J\u2014Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations", "", "\u00a7 135.425 Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration programs.", "FAA", "", "", "", "Each certificate holder shall have an inspection program and a program covering other maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations, that ensures that\u2014\n\n(a) Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations performed by it, or by other persons, are performed under the certificate holder's manual;\n\n(b) Competent personnel and adequate facilities and equipment are provided for the proper performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations; and\n\n(c) Each aircraft released to service is airworthy and has been properly maintained for operation under this part."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.11.3.1", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "K", "Subpart K\u2014Hazardous Materials Training Program", "", "\u00a7 135.501 Applicability and definitions.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) This subpart prescribes the requirements applicable to each certificate holder for training each crewmember and person performing or directly supervising any of the following job functions involving any item for transport on board an aircraft:\n\n(1) Acceptance;\n\n(2) Rejection;\n\n(3) Handling;\n\n(4) Storage incidental to transport;\n\n(5) Packaging of company material; or\n\n(6) Loading.\n\n(b)  Definitions.  For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply:\n\n(1)  Company material (COMAT) \u2014Material owned or used by a certificate holder.\n\n(2)  Initial hazardous materials training \u2014The basic training required for each newly hired person, or each person changing job functions, who performs or directly supervises any of the job functions specified in paragraph (a) of this section.\n\n(3)  Recurrent hazardous materials training \u2014The training required every 24 months for each person who has satisfactorily completed the certificate holder's approved initial hazardous materials training program and performs or directly supervises any of the job functions specified in paragraph (a) of this section."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.11.3.2", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "K", "Subpart K\u2014Hazardous Materials Training Program", "", "\u00a7 135.503 Hazardous materials training: General.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) Each certificate holder must establish and implement a hazardous materials training program that:\n\n(1) Satisfies the requirements of Appendix O of part 121 of this part;\n\n(2) Ensures that each person performing or directly supervising any of the job functions specified in \u00a7 135.501(a) is trained to comply with all applicable parts of 49 CFR parts 171 through 180 and the requirements of this subpart; and\n\n(3) Enables the trained person to recognize items that contain, or may contain, hazardous materials regulated by 49 CFR parts 171 through 180.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder must provide initial hazardous materials training and recurrent hazardous materials training to each crewmember and person performing or directly supervising any of the job functions specified in \u00a7 135.501(a).\n\n(c) Each certificate holder's hazardous materials training program must be approved by the FAA prior to implementation."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.11.3.3", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "K", "Subpart K\u2014Hazardous Materials Training Program", "", "\u00a7 135.505 Hazardous materials training required.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a)  Training requirement.  Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c) and (f) of this section, no certificate holder may use any crewmember or person to perform any of the job functions or direct supervisory responsibilities, and no person may perform any of the job functions or direct supervisory responsibilities, specified in \u00a7 135.501(a) unless that person has satisfactorily completed the certificate holder's FAA-approved initial or recurrent hazardous materials training program within the past 24 months.\n\n(b)  New hire or new job function.  A person who is a new hire and has not yet satisfactorily completed the required initial hazardous materials training, or a person who is changing job functions and has not received initial or recurrent training for a job function involving storage incidental to transport, or loading of items for transport on an aircraft, may perform those job functions for not more than 30 days from the date of hire or a change in job function, if the person is under the direct visual supervision of a person who is authorized by the certificate holder to supervise that person and who has successfully completed the certificate holder's FAA-approved initial or recurrent training program within the past 24 months.\n\n(c)  Persons who work for more than one certificate holder.  A certificate holder that uses or assigns a person to perform or directly supervise a job function specified in \u00a7 135.501(a), when that person also performs or directly supervises the same job function for another certificate holder, need only train that person in its own policies and procedures regarding those job functions, if all of the following are met:\n\n(1) The certificate holder using this exception receives written verification from the person designated to hold the training records representing the other certificate holder that the person has satisfactorily completed hazardous materials training for the specific job function under the other certificate holder's FAA approved hazardous material training program under appendix O of part 121 of this chapter; and\n\n(2) The certificate holder who trained the person has the same operations specifications regarding the acceptance, handling, and transport of hazardous materials as the certificate holder using this exception.\n\n(d)  Recurrent hazardous materials training\u2014Completion date.  A person who satisfactorily completes recurrent hazardous materials training in the calendar month before, or the calendar month after, the month in which the recurrent training is due, is considered to have taken that training during the month in which it is due. If the person completes this training earlier than the month before it is due, the month of the completion date becomes his or her new anniversary month.\n\n(e)  Repair stations.  A certificate holder must ensure that each repair station performing work for, or on the certificate holder's behalf is notified in writing of the certificate holder's policies and operations specification authorization permitting or prohibition against the acceptance, rejection, handling, storage incidental to transport, and transportation of hazardous materials, including company material. This notification requirement applies only to repair stations that are regulated by 49 CFR parts 171 through 180.\n\n(f)  Certificate holders operating at foreign locations.  This exception applies if a certificate holder operating at a foreign location where the country requires the certificate holder to use persons working in that country to load aircraft. In such a case, the certificate holder may use those persons even if they have not been trained in accordance with the certificate holder's FAA approved hazardous materials training program. Those persons, however, must be under the direct visual supervision of someone who has successfully completed the certificate holder's approved initial or recurrent hazardous materials training program in accordance with this part. This exception applies only to those persons who load aircraft."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.11.3.4", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "K", "Subpart K\u2014Hazardous Materials Training Program", "", "\u00a7 135.507 Hazardous materials training records.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a)  General requirement.  Each certificate holder must maintain a record of all training required by this part received within the preceding three years for each person who performs or directly supervises a job function specified in \u00a7 135.501(a). The record must be maintained during the time that the person performs or directly supervises any of those job functions, and for 90 days thereafter. These training records must be kept for direct employees of the certificate holder, as well as independent contractors, subcontractors, and any other person who performs or directly supervises these job functions for the certificate holder.\n\n(b)  Location of records.  The certificate holder must retain the training records required by paragraph (a) of this section for all initial and recurrent training received within the preceding 3 years for all persons performing or directly supervising the job functions listed in Appendix O of part 121 of this chapter at a designated location. The records must be available upon request at the location where the trained person performs or directly supervises the job function specified in \u00a7 135.501(a). Records may be maintained electronically and provided on location electronically. When the person ceases to perform or directly supervise a hazardous materials job function, the certificate holder must retain the hazardous materials training records for an additional 90 days and make them available upon request at the last location where the person worked.\n\n(c)  Content of records.  Each record must contain the following:\n\n(1) The individual's name;\n\n(2) The most recent training completion date;\n\n(3) A description, copy or reference to training materials used to meet the training requirement;\n\n(4) The name and address of the organization providing the training; and\n\n(5) A copy of the certification issued when the individual was trained, which shows that a test has been completed satisfactorily.\n\n(d)  New hire or new job function.  Each certificate holder using a person under the exception in \u00a7 135.505(b) must maintain a record for that person. The records must be available upon request at the location where the trained person performs or directly supervises the job function specified in \u00a7 135.501(a). Records may be maintained electronically and provided on location electronically. The record must include the following:\n\n(1) A signed statement from an authorized representative of the certificate holder authorizing the use of the person in accordance with the exception;\n\n(2) The date of hire or change in job function;\n\n(3) The person's name and assigned job function;\n\n(4) The name of the supervisor of the job function; and\n\n(5) The date the person is to complete hazardous materials training in accordance with Appendix O of part 121 of this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.1", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.601 Applicability and definitions.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a)  Applicability.  This subpart prescribes the requirements applicable to each certificate holder conducting helicopter air ambulance operations.\n\n(b)  Definitions.  For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply:\n\n(1)  Helicopter air ambulance operation  means a flight, or sequence of flights, with a patient or medical personnel on board, for the purpose of medical transportation, by a part 135 certificate holder authorized by the Administrator to conduct helicopter air ambulance operations. A helicopter air ambulance operation includes, but is not limited to\u2014\n\n(i) Flights conducted to position the helicopter at the site at which a patient or donor organ will be picked up.\n\n(ii) Flights conducted to reposition the helicopter after completing the patient, or donor organ transport.\n\n(iii) Flights initiated for the transport of a patient or donor organ that are terminated due to weather or other reasons.\n\n(2)  Medical personnel  means a person or persons with medical training, including but not limited to flight physicians, flight nurses, or flight paramedics, who are carried aboard a helicopter during helicopter air ambulance operations in order to provide medical care.\n\n(3)  Mountainous  means designated mountainous areas as listed in part 95 of this chapter.\n\n(4)  Nonmountainous  means areas other than mountainous areas as listed in part 95 of this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.10", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.619 Operations control centers.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a)  Operations control center.  After April 22, 2016, certificate holders authorized to conduct helicopter air ambulance operations, with 10 or more helicopter air ambulances assigned to the certificate holder's operations specifications, must have an operations control center. The operations control center must be staffed by operations control specialists who, at a minimum\u2014\n\n(1) Provide two-way communications with pilots;\n\n(2) Provide pilots with weather briefings, to include current and forecasted weather along the planned route of flight;\n\n(3) Monitor the progress of the flight; and\n\n(4) Participate in the preflight risk analysis required under \u00a7 135.617 to include the following:\n\n(i) Ensure the pilot has completed all required items on the preflight risk analysis worksheet;\n\n(ii) Confirm and verify all entries on the preflight risk analysis worksheet;\n\n(iii) Assist the pilot in mitigating any identified risk prior to takeoff; and\n\n(iv) Acknowledge in writing, specifying the date and time, that the preflight risk analysis worksheet has been accurately completed and that, according to their professional judgment, the flight can be conducted safely.\n\n(b)  Operations control center staffing.  Each certificate holder conducting helicopter air ambulance operations must provide enough operations control specialists at each operations control center to ensure the certificate holder maintains operational control of each flight.\n\n(c)  Documentation of duties and responsibilities.  Each certificate holder must describe in its operations manual the duties and responsibilities of operations control specialists, including preflight risk mitigation strategies and control measures, shift change checklist, and training and testing procedures to hold the position, including procedures for retesting.\n\n(d)  Training requirements.  No certificate holder may use, nor may any person perform the duties of, an operations control specialist unless the operations control specialist has satisfactorily completed the training requirements of this paragraph.\n\n(1)  Initial training.  Before performing the duties of an operations control specialist, each person must satisfactorily complete the certificate holder's FAA-approved operations control specialist initial training program and pass an FAA-approved knowledge and practical test given by the certificate holder. Initial training must include a minimum of 80 hours of training on the topics listed in paragraph (f) of this section. A certificate holder may reduce the number of hours of initial training to a minimum of 40 hours for persons who have obtained, at the time of beginning initial training, a total of at least 2 years of experience during the last 5 years in any one or in any combination of the following areas\u2014\n\n(i) In military aircraft operations as a pilot, flight navigator, or meteorologist;\n\n(ii) In air carrier operations as a pilot, flight engineer, certified aircraft dispatcher, or meteorologist; or\n\n(iii) In aircraft operations as an air traffic controller or a flight service specialist.\n\n(2)  Recurrent training.  Every 12 months after satisfactory completion of the initial training, each operations control specialist must complete a minimum of 40 hours of recurrent training on the topics listed in paragraph (f) of this section and pass an FAA-approved knowledge and practical test given by the certificate holder on those topics.\n\n(e)  Training records.  The certificate holder must maintain a training record for each operations control specialist employed by the certificate holder for the duration of that individual's employment and for 90 days thereafter. The training record must include a chronological log for each training course, including the number of training hours and the examination dates and results.\n\n(f)  Training topics.  Each certificate holder must have an FAA-approved operations control specialist training program that covers at least the following topics\u2014\n\n(1) Aviation weather, including:\n\n(i) General meteorology;\n\n(ii) Prevailing weather;\n\n(iii) Adverse and deteriorating weather;\n\n(iv) Windshear;\n\n(v) Icing conditions;\n\n(vi) Use of aviation weather products;\n\n(vii) Available sources of information; and\n\n(viii) Weather minimums;\n\n(2) Navigation, including:\n\n(i) Navigation aids;\n\n(ii) Instrument approach procedures;\n\n(iii) Navigational publications; and\n\n(iv) Navigation techniques;\n\n(3) Flight monitoring, including:\n\n(i) Available flight-monitoring procedures; and\n\n(ii) Alternate flight-monitoring procedures;\n\n(4) Air traffic control, including:\n\n(i) Airspace;\n\n(ii) Air traffic control procedures;\n\n(iii) Aeronautical charts; and\n\n(iv) Aeronautical data sources;\n\n(5) Aviation communication, including:\n\n(i) Available aircraft communications systems;\n\n(ii) Normal communication procedures;\n\n(iii) Abnormal communication procedures; and\n\n(iv) Emergency communication procedures;\n\n(6) Aircraft systems, including:\n\n(i) Communications systems;\n\n(ii) Navigation systems;\n\n(iii) Surveillance systems;\n\n(iv) Fueling systems;\n\n(v) Specialized systems;\n\n(vi) General maintenance requirements; and\n\n(vii) Minimum equipment lists;\n\n(7) Aircraft limitations and performance, including:\n\n(i) Aircraft operational limitations;\n\n(ii) Aircraft performance;\n\n(iii) Weight and balance procedures and limitations; and\n\n(iv) Landing zone and landing facility requirements;\n\n(8) Aviation policy and regulations, including:\n\n(i) 14 CFR Parts 1, 27, 29, 61, 71, 91, and 135;\n\n(ii) 49 CFR Part 830;\n\n(iii) Company operations specifications;\n\n(iv) Company general operations policies;\n\n(v) Enhanced operational control policies;\n\n(vi) Aeronautical decision making and risk management;\n\n(vii) Lost aircraft procedures; and\n\n(viii) Emergency and search and rescue procedures, including plotting coordinates in degrees, minutes, seconds format, and degrees, decimal minutes format;\n\n(9) Crew resource management, including:\n\n(i) Concepts and practical application;\n\n(ii) Risk management and risk mitigation; and\n\n(iii) Pre-flight risk analysis procedures required under \u00a7 135.617;\n\n(10) Local flying area orientation, including:\n\n(i) Terrain features;\n\n(ii) Obstructions;\n\n(iii) Weather phenomena for local area;\n\n(iv) Airspace and air traffic control facilities;\n\n(v) Heliports, airports, landing zones, and fuel facilities;\n\n(vi) Instrument approaches;\n\n(vii) Predominant air traffic flow;\n\n(viii) Landmarks and cultural features, including areas prone to flat-light, whiteout, and brownout conditions; and\n\n(ix) Local aviation and safety resources and contact information; and\n\n(11) Any other requirements as determined by the Administrator to ensure safe operations.\n\n(g)  Operations control specialist duty time limitations.  (1) Each certificate holder must establish the daily duty period for an operations control specialist so that it begins at a time that allows that person to become thoroughly familiar with operational considerations, including existing and anticipated weather conditions in the area of operations, helicopter operations in progress, and helicopter maintenance status, before performing duties associated with any helicopter air ambulance operation. The operations control specialist must remain on duty until relieved by another qualified operations control specialist or until each helicopter air ambulance monitored by that person has completed its flight or gone beyond that person's jurisdiction.\n\n(2) Except in cases where circumstances or emergency conditions beyond the control of the certificate holder require otherwise\u2014\n\n(i) No certificate holder may schedule an operations control specialist for more than 10 consecutive hours of duty;\n\n(ii) If an operations control specialist is scheduled for more than 10 hours of duty in 24 consecutive hours, the certificate holder must provide that person a rest period of at least 8 hours at or before the end of 10 hours of duty;\n\n(iii) If an operations control specialist is on duty for more than 10 consecutive hours, the certificate holder must provide that person a rest period of at least 8 hours before that person's next duty period;\n\n(iv) Each operations control specialist must be relieved of all duty with the certificate holder for at least 24 consecutive hours during any 7 consecutive days.\n\n(h)  Drug and alcohol testing.  Operations control specialists must be tested for drugs and alcohol according to the certificate holder's Drug and Alcohol Testing Program administered under part 120 of this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.11", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.621 Briefing of medical personnel.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2010-0982, 79 FR 9975, Feb. 21, 2014; Amdt. 135-129A, 79 FR 41126, July 15, 2014]", "(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, prior to each helicopter air ambulance operation, each pilot in command, or other flight crewmember designated by the certificate holder, must ensure that all medical personnel have been briefed on the following\u2014\n\n(1) Passenger briefing requirements in \u00a7 135.117(a) and (b); and\n\n(2) Physiological aspects of flight;\n\n(3) Patient loading and unloading;\n\n(4) Safety in and around the helicopter;\n\n(5) In-flight emergency procedures;\n\n(6) Emergency landing procedures;\n\n(7) Emergency evacuation procedures;\n\n(8) Efficient and safe communications with the pilot; and\n\n(9) Operational differences between day and night operations, if appropriate.\n\n(b) The briefing required in paragraphs (a)(2) through (9) of this section may be omitted if all medical personnel on board have satisfactorily completed the certificate holder's FAA-approved medical personnel training program within the preceding 24 calendar months. Each training program must include a minimum of 4 hours of ground training, and 4 hours of training in and around an air ambulance helicopter, on the topics set forth in paragraph (a)(2) through (9) of this section.\n\n(c) Each certificate holder must maintain a record for each person trained under this section that\u2014\n\n(1) Contains the individual's name, the most recent training completion date, and a description, copy, or reference to training materials used to meet the training requirement.\n\n(2) Is maintained for 24 calendar months following the individual's completion of training."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.2", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.603 Pilot-in-command instrument qualifications.", "FAA", "", "", "", "After April 24, 2017, no certificate holder may use, nor may any person serve as, a pilot in command of a helicopter air ambulance operation unless that person meets the requirements of \u00a7 135.243 and holds a helicopter instrument rating or an airline transport pilot certificate with a category and class rating for that aircraft, that is not limited to VFR."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.3", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.605 Helicopter terrain awareness and warning system (HTAWS).", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) After April 24, 2017, no person may operate a helicopter in helicopter air ambulance operations unless that helicopter is equipped with a helicopter terrain awareness and warning system (HTAWS) that meets the requirements in TSO-C194 and Section 2 of RTCA DO-309.\n\n(b) The certificate holder's Rotorcraft Flight Manual must contain appropriate procedures for\u2014\n\n(1) The use of the HTAWS; and\n\n(2) Proper flight crew response to HTAWS audio and visual warnings.\n\n(c) Certificate holders with HTAWS required by this section with an approved deviation under \u00a7 21.618 of this chapter are in compliance with this section.\n\n(d) The standards required in this section are incorporated by reference into this section with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, the FAA must publish notice of change in the  Federal Register  and the material must be available to the public. All approved material is available for inspection at the FAA's Office of Rulemaking (ARM-1), 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591 (telephone (202) 267-9677) and from the sources indicated below. It is also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call (202) 741-6030 or go to  http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.\n\n(1) U.S. Department of Transportation, Subsequent Distribution Office, DOT Warehouse M30, Ardmore East Business Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue, Landover, MD 20785; telephone (301) 322-5377. Copies are also available on the FAA's Web site. Use the following link and type the TSO number in the search box:  http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgTSO.nsf/Frameset?OpenPage.\n\n(i) TSO C-194, Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS), Dec. 17, 2008.\n\n(ii) [Reserved]\n\n(2) RTCA, Inc., 1150 18th Street NW., Suite 910, Washington, DC 20036, telephone (202) 833-9339, and are also available on RTCA's Web site at  http://www.rtca.org/onlinecart/index.cfm.\n\n(i) RTCA DO-309, Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS) Airborne Equipment, Mar. 13, 2008.\n\n(ii) [Reserved]"], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.4", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.607 Flight Data Monitoring System.", "FAA", "", "", "", "After April 23, 2018, no person may operate a helicopter in air ambulance operations unless it is equipped with an approved flight data monitoring system capable of recording flight performance data. This system must:\n\n(a) Receive electrical power from the bus that provides the maximum reliability for operation without jeopardizing service to essential or emergency loads, and\n\n(b) Be operated from the application of electrical power before takeoff until the removal of electrical power after termination of flight."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.5", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.609 VFR ceiling and visibility requirements for Class G airspace.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2010-0982, 79 FR 9975, Feb. 21, 2014; Amdt. 135-129A, 79 FR 41126, July 15, 2014]", "(a) Unless otherwise specified in the certificate holder's operations specifications, when conducting VFR helicopter air ambulance operations in Class G airspace, the weather minimums in the following table apply:\n\n(b) A certificate holder may designate local flying areas in a manner acceptable to the Administrator, that must\u2014\n\n(1) Not exceed 50 nautical miles in any direction from each designated location;\n\n(2) Take into account obstacles and terrain features that are easily identifiable by the pilot in command and from which the pilot in command may visually determine a position; and\n\n(3) Take into account the operating environment and capabilities of the certificate holder's helicopters.\n\n(c) A pilot must demonstrate a level of familiarity with the local flying area by passing an examination given by the certificate holder within the 12 calendar months prior to using the local flying area."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.6", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.611 IFR operations at locations without weather reporting.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2010-0982, 79 FR 9975, Feb. 21, 2014, as amended by Amdt. 135-131, 79 FR 43622, July 28, 2014; Amdt. 135-141, 84 FR 35823, July 25, 2019]", "(a) If a certificate holder is authorized to conduct helicopter IFR operations, the Administrator may authorize the certificate holder to conduct IFR helicopter air ambulance operations at airports with an instrument approach procedure and at which a weather report is not available from the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS), a source approved by the NWS, or a source approved by the FAA, subject to the following limitations:\n\n(1) The certificate holder must obtain a weather report from a weather reporting facility operated by the NWS, a source approved by the NWS, or a source approved by the FAA, that is located within 15 nautical miles of the airport. If a weather report is not available, the certificate holder may obtain weather reports, forecasts, or any combination of them from the NWS, a source approved by the NWS, or a source approved by the FAA, for information regarding the weather observed in the vicinity of the airport;\n\n(2) Flight planning for IFR flights conducted under this paragraph must include selection of an alternate airport that meets the requirements of \u00a7\u00a7 135.221 and 135.223;\n\n(3) In Class G airspace, IFR departures with visual transitions are authorized only after the pilot in command determines that the weather conditions at the departure point are at or above takeoff minimums depicted in a published departure procedure or VFR minimum ceilings and visibilities in accordance with \u00a7 135.609.\n\n(4) All approaches must be conducted at Category A approach speeds as established in part 97 or those required for the type of approach being used.\n\n(b) Each helicopter air ambulance operated under this section must be equipped with functioning severe weather detection equipment, unless the pilot in command reasonably determines severe weather will not be encountered at the destination, the alternate destination, or along the route of flight.\n\n(c) Pilots conducting operations pursuant to this section may use the weather information obtained in paragraph (a) to satisfy the weather report and forecast requirements of \u00a7 135.213 and \u00a7 135.225(a).\n\n(d) After completing a landing at the airport at which a weather report is not available, the pilot in command is authorized to determine if the weather meets the takeoff requirements of part 97 of this chapter or the certificate holder's operations specification, as applicable."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.7", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.613 Approach/departure IFR transitions.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a)  Approaches.  When conducting an authorized instrument approach and transitioning from IFR to VFR flight, upon transitioning to VFR flight the following weather minimums apply\u2014\n\n(1) For Point-in-Space (PinS) Copter Instrument approaches annotated with a \u201cProceed VFR\u201d segment, if the distance from the missed approach point to the landing area is 1 NM or less, flight visibility must be at least 1 statute mile and the ceiling on the approach chart applies;\n\n(2) For all instrument approaches, including PinS when paragraph (a)(1) of this section does not apply, if the distance from the missed approach point to the landing area is 3 NM or less, the applicable VFR weather minimums are\u2014\n\n(i) For Day Operations: No less than a 600-foot ceiling and 2 statute miles flight visibility;\n\n(ii) For Night Operations: No less than a 600-foot ceiling and 3 statute miles flight visibility; or\n\n(3) For all instrument approaches, including PinS, if the distance from the missed approach point to the landing area is greater than 3 NM, the VFR weather minimums required by the class of airspace.\n\n(b)  Departures.  For transitions from VFR to IFR upon departure\u2014\n\n(1) The VFR weather minimums of paragraph (a) of this section apply if\u2014\n\n(i) An FAA-approved obstacle departure procedure is followed; and\n\n(ii) An IFR clearance is obtained on or before reaching a predetermined location that is not more than 3 NM from the departure location.\n\n(2) If the departure does not meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the VFR weather minimums required by the class of airspace apply."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.8", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.615 VFR flight planning.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a)  Pre-flight.  Prior to conducting VFR operations, the pilot in command must\u2014\n\n(1) Determine the minimum safe cruise altitude by evaluating the terrain and obstacles along the planned route of flight;\n\n(2) Identify and document the highest obstacle along the planned route of flight; and\n\n(3) Using the minimum safe cruise altitudes in paragraphs (b)(1)-(2) of this section, determine the minimum required ceiling and visibility to conduct the planned flight by applying the weather minimums appropriate to the class of airspace for the planned flight.\n\n(b)  Enroute.  While conducting VFR operations, the pilot in command must ensure that all terrain and obstacles along the route of flight are cleared vertically by no less than the following:\n\n(1) 300 feet for day operations.\n\n(2) 500 feet for night operations.\n\n(c)  Rerouting the planned flight path.  A pilot in command may deviate from the planned flight path for reasons such as weather conditions or operational considerations. Such deviations do not relieve the pilot in command of the weather requirements or the requirements for terrain and obstacle clearance contained in this part and in part 91 of this chapter. Rerouting, change in destination, or other changes to the planned flight that occur while the helicopter is on the ground at an intermediate stop require evaluation of the new route in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section.\n\n(d)  Operations manual.  Each certificate holder must document its VFR flight planning procedures in its operations manual."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.12.3.9", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "L", "Subpart L\u2014Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements", "", "\u00a7 135.617 Pre-flight risk analysis.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) Each certificate holder conducting helicopter air ambulance operations must establish, and document in its operations manual, an FAA-approved preflight risk analysis that includes at least the following\u2014\n\n(1) Flight considerations, to include obstacles and terrain along the planned route of flight, landing zone conditions, and fuel requirements;\n\n(2) Human factors, such as crew fatigue, life events, and other stressors;\n\n(3) Weather, including departure, en route, destination, and forecasted;\n\n(4) A procedure for determining whether another helicopter air ambulance operator has refused or rejected a flight request; and\n\n(5) Strategies and procedures for mitigating identified risks, including procedures for obtaining and documenting approval of the certificate holder's management personnel to release a flight when a risk exceeds a level predetermined by the certificate holder.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder must develop a preflight risk analysis worksheet to include, at a minimum, the items in paragraph (a) of this section.\n\n(c) Prior to the first leg of each helicopter air ambulance operation, the pilot in command must conduct a preflight risk analysis and complete the preflight risk analysis worksheet in accordance with the certificate holder's FAA-approved procedures. The pilot in command must sign the preflight risk analysis worksheet and specify the date and time it was completed.\n\n(d) The certificate holder must retain the original or a copy of each completed preflight risk analysis worksheet at a location specified in its operations manual for at least 90 days from the date of the operation."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.1", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.61 General.", "FAA", "", "", "", "This subpart prescribes rules, in addition to those in part 91 of this chapter, that apply to operations under this part."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.10", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.76 DOD Commercial Air Carrier Evaluator's Credentials: Admission to pilots compartment: Forward observer's seat.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2003-15571, 68 FR 41218, July 10, 2003]", "(a) Whenever, in performing the duties of conducting an evaluation, a DOD commercial air carrier evaluator presents S&A Form 110B, \u201cDOD Commercial Air Carrier Evaluator's Credential,\u201d to the pilot in command of an aircraft operated by the certificate holder, the evaluator must be given free and uninterrupted access to the pilot's compartment of that aircraft. However, this paragraph does not limit the emergency authority of the pilot in command to exclude any person from the pilot compartment in the interest of safety.\n\n(b) A forward observer's seat on the flight deck or forward passenger seat with headset or speaker must be provided for use by the evaluator while conducting en route evaluations. The suitability of the location of the seat and the headset or speaker for use in conducting en route evaluations is determined by the FAA."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.11", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.77 Responsibility for operational control.", "FAA", "", "", "", "Each certificate holder is responsible for operational control and shall list, in the manual required by \u00a7 135.21, the name and title of each person authorized by it to exercise operational control."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.12", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.78 Instrument approach procedures and IFR landing minimums.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2002-14002, 72 FR 31684, June 7, 2007]", "No person may make an instrument approach at an airport except in accordance with IFR weather minimums and instrument approach procedures set forth in the certificate holder's operations specifications."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.13", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.79 Flight locating requirements.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-110, 72 FR 31684, June 7, 2007]", "(a) Each certificate holder must have procedures established for locating each flight, for which an FAA flight plan is not filed, that\u2014\n\n(1) Provide the certificate holder with at least the information required to be included in a VFR flight plan;\n\n(2) Provide for timely notification of an FAA facility or search and rescue facility, if an aircraft is overdue or missing; and\n\n(3) Provide the certificate holder with the location, date, and estimated time for reestablishing communications, if the flight will operate in an area where communications cannot be maintained.\n\n(b) Flight locating information shall be retained at the certificate holder's principal place of business, or at other places designated by the certificate holder in the flight locating procedures, until the completion of the flight.\n\n(c) Each certificate holder shall furnish the representative of the Administrator assigned to it with a copy of its flight locating procedures and any changes or additions, unless those procedures are included in a manual required under this part."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.14", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.81 Informing personnel of operational information and appropriate changes.", "FAA", "", "", "", "Each certificate holder shall inform each person in its employment of the operations specifications that apply to that person's duties and responsibilities and shall make available to each pilot in the certificate holder's employ the following materials in current form:\n\n(a) Airman's Information Manual (Alaska Supplement in Alaska and Pacific Chart Supplement in Pacific-Asia Regions) or a commercial publication that contains the same information.\n\n(b) This part and part 91 of this chapter.\n\n(c) Aircraft Equipment Manuals, and Aircraft Flight Manual or equivalent.\n\n(d) For foreign operations, the International Flight Information Manual or a commercial publication that contains the same information concerning the pertinent operational and entry requirements of the foreign country or countries involved."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.15", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.83 Operating information required.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) The operator of an aircraft must provide the following materials, in current and appropriate form, accessible to the pilot at the pilot station, and the pilot shall use them:\n\n(1) A cockpit checklist.\n\n(2) For multiengine aircraft or for aircraft with retractable landing gear, an emergency cockpit checklist containing the procedures required by paragraph (c) of this section, as appropriate.\n\n(3) Pertinent aeronautical charts.\n\n(4) For IFR operations, each pertinent navigational en route, terminal area, and approach and letdown chart.\n\n(5) For multiengine aircraft, one-engine-inoperative climb performance data and if the aircraft is approved for use in IFR or over-the-top operations, that data must be sufficient to enable the pilot to determine compliance with \u00a7 135.181(a)(2).\n\n(b) Each cockpit checklist required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section must contain the following procedures:\n\n(1) Before starting engines;\n\n(2) Before takeoff;\n\n(3) Cruise;\n\n(4) Before landing;\n\n(5) After landing;\n\n(6) Stopping engines.\n\n(c) Each emergency cockpit checklist required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section must contain the following procedures, as appropriate:\n\n(1) Emergency operation of fuel, hydraulic, electrical, and mechanical systems.\n\n(2) Emergency operation of instruments and controls.\n\n(3) Engine inoperative procedures.\n\n(4) Any other emergency procedures necessary for safety."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.16", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.85 Carriage of persons without compliance with the passenger-carrying provisions of this part.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-88, 68 FR 41218, July 10, 2003]", "The following persons may be carried aboard an aircraft without complying with the passenger-carrying requirements of this part:\n\n(a) A crewmember or other employee of the certificate holder.\n\n(b) A person necessary for the safe handling of animals on the aircraft.\n\n(c) A person necessary for the safe handling of hazardous materials (as defined in subchapter C of title 49 CFR).\n\n(d) A person performing duty as a security or honor guard accompanying a shipment made by or under the authority of the U.S. Government.\n\n(e) A military courier or a military route supervisor carried by a military cargo contract air carrier or commercial operator in operations under a military cargo contract, if that carriage is specifically authorized by the appropriate military service.\n\n(f) An authorized representative of the Administrator conducting an en route inspection.\n\n(g) A person, authorized by the Administrator, who is performing a duty connected with a cargo operation of the certificate holder.\n\n(h) A DOD commercial air carrier evaluator conducting an en route evaluation."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.17", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.87 Carriage of cargo including carry-on baggage.", "FAA", "", "", "", "No person may carry cargo, including carry-on baggage, in or on any aircraft unless\u2014\n\n(a) It is carried in an approved cargo rack, bin, or compartment installed in or on the aircraft;\n\n(b) It is secured by an approved means; or\n\n(c) It is carried in accordance with each of the following:\n\n(1) For cargo, it is properly secured by a safety belt or other tie-down having enough strength to eliminate the possibility of shifting under all normally anticipated flight and ground conditions, or for carry-on baggage, it is restrained so as to prevent its movement during air turbulence.\n\n(2) It is packaged or covered to avoid possible injury to occupants.\n\n(3) It does not impose any load on seats or on the floor structure that exceeds the load limitation for those components.\n\n(4) It is not located in a position that obstructs the access to, or use of, any required emergency or regular exit, or the use of the aisle between the crew and the passenger compartment, or located in a position that obscures any passenger's view of the \u201cseat belt\u201d sign, \u201cno smoking\u201d sign, or any required exit sign, unless an auxiliary sign or other approved means for proper notification of the passengers is provided.\n\n(5) It is not carried directly above seated occupants.\n\n(6) It is stowed in compliance with this section for takeoff and landing.\n\n(7) For cargo only operations, paragraph (c)(4) of this section does not apply if the cargo is loaded so that at least one emergency or regular exit is available to provide all occupants of the aircraft a means of unobstructed exit from the aircraft if an emergency occurs.\n\n(d) Each passenger seat under which baggage is stowed shall be fitted with a means to prevent articles of baggage stowed under it from sliding under crash impacts severe enough to induce the ultimate inertia forces specified in the emergency landing condition regulations under which the aircraft was type certificated.\n\n(e) When cargo is carried in cargo compartments that are designed to require the physical entry of a crewmember to extinguish any fire that may occur during flight, the cargo must be loaded so as to allow a crewmember to effectively reach all parts of the compartment with the contents of a hand fire extinguisher."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.18", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.89 Pilot requirements: Use of oxygen.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a)  Unpressurized aircraft.  Each pilot of an unpressurized aircraft shall use oxygen continuously when flying\u2014\n\n(1) At altitudes above 10,000 feet through 12,000 feet MSL for that part of the flight at those altitudes that is of more than 30 minutes duration; and\n\n(2) Above 12,000 feet MSL.\n\n(b)  Pressurized aircraft.  (1) Whenever a pressurized aircraft is operated with the cabin pressure altitude more than 10,000 feet MSL, each pilot shall comply with paragraph (a) of this section.\n\n(2) Whenever a pressurized aircraft is operated at altitudes above 25,000 feet through 35,000 feet MSL, unless each pilot has an approved quick-donning type oxygen mask\u2014\n\n(i) At least one pilot at the controls shall wear, secured and sealed, an oxygen mask that either supplies oxygen at all times or automatically supplies oxygen whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 12,000 feet MSL; and\n\n(ii) During that flight, each other pilot on flight deck duty shall have an oxygen mask, connected to an oxygen supply, located so as to allow immediate placing of the mask on the pilot's face sealed and secured for use.\n\n(3) Whenever a pressurized aircraft is operated at altitudes above 35,000 feet MSL, at least one pilot at the controls shall wear, secured and sealed, an oxygen mask required by paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section.\n\n(4) If one pilot leaves a pilot duty station of an aircraft when operating at altitudes above 25,000 feet MSL, the remaining pilot at the controls shall put on and use an approved oxygen mask until the other pilot returns to the pilot duty station of the aircraft."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.19", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.91 Oxygen and portable oxygen concentrators for medical use by passengers.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-60, 61 FR 2616, Jan. 26, 1996; Docket FAA-2014-0554, Amdt. 135-133, 81 FR 33119, May 24, 2016; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, no certificate holder may allow the carriage or operation of equipment for the storage, generation or dispensing of medical oxygen unless the conditions in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section are satisfied. Beginning August 22, 2016, a certificate holder may allow a passenger to carry and operate a portable oxygen concentrator when the conditions in paragraphs (b) and (f) of this section are satisfied.\n\n(1) The equipment must be\u2014\n\n(i) Of an approved type or in conformity with the manufacturing, packaging, marking, labeling, and maintenance requirements of title 49 CFR parts 171, 172, and 173, except \u00a7 173.24(a)(1);\n\n(ii) When owned by the certificate holder, maintained under the certificate holder's approved maintenance program;\n\n(iii) Free of flammable contaminants on all exterior surfaces;\n\n(iv) Constructed so that all valves, fittings, and gauges are protected from damage during carriage or operation; and\n\n(v) Appropriately secured.\n\n(2) When the oxygen is stored in the form of a liquid, the equipment must have been under the certificate holder's approved maintenance program since its purchase new or since the storage container was last purged.\n\n(3) When the oxygen is stored in the form of a compressed gas as defined in title 49 CFR 173.115(b)\u2014\n\n(i) When owned by the certificate holder, it must be maintained under its approved maintenance program; and\n\n(ii) The pressure in any oxygen cylinder must not exceed the rated cylinder pressure.\n\n(4) The pilot in command must be advised when the equipment is on board, and when it is intended to be used.\n\n(5) The equipment must be stowed, and each person using the equipment must be seated, so as not to restrict access to or use of any required emergency or regular exit, or of the aisle in the passenger compartment.\n\n(b) No person may smoke or create an open flame and no certificate holder may allow any person to smoke or create an open flame within 10 feet of oxygen storage and dispensing equipment carried under paragraph (a) of this section or a portable oxygen concentrator carried and operated under paragraph (f) of this section.\n\n(c) No certificate holder may allow any person other than a person trained in the use of medical oxygen equipment to connect or disconnect oxygen bottles or any other ancillary component while any passenger is aboard the aircraft.\n\n(d) Paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section does not apply when that equipment is furnished by a professional or medical emergency service for use on board an aircraft in a medical emergency when no other practical means of transportation (including any other properly equipped certificate holder) is reasonably available and the person carried under the medical emergency is accompanied by a person trained in the use of medical oxygen.\n\n(e) Each certificate holder who, under the authority of paragraph (d) of this section, deviates from paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section under a medical emergency shall, within 10 days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays, after the deviation, send to the responsible Flight Standards office a complete report of the operation involved, including a description of the deviation and the reasons for it.\n\n(f)  Portable oxygen concentrators \u2014(1)  Acceptance criteria.  A passenger may carry or operate a portable oxygen concentrator for personal use on board an aircraft and a certificate holder may allow a passenger to carry or operate a portable oxygen concentrator on board an aircraft operated under this part during all phases of flight if the portable oxygen concentrator satisfies all of the requirements of this paragraph (f):\n\n(i) Is legally marketed in the United States in accordance with Food and Drug Administration requirements in title 21 of the CFR;\n\n(ii) Does not radiate radio frequency emissions that interfere with aircraft systems;\n\n(iii) Generates a maximum oxygen pressure of less than 200 kPa gauge (29.0 psig/43.8 psia) at 20 \u00b0C (68 \u00b0F);\n\n(iv) Does not contain any hazardous materials subject to the Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR parts 171 through 180) except as provided in 49 CFR 175.10 for batteries used to power portable electronic devices and that do not require aircraft operator approval; and\n\n(v) Bears a label on the exterior of the device applied in a manner that ensures the label will remain affixed for the life of the device and containing the following certification statement in red lettering: \u201cThe manufacturer of this POC has determined this device conforms to all applicable FAA acceptance criteria for POC carriage and use on board aircraft.\u201d The label requirements in this paragraph (f)(1)(v) do not apply to the following portable oxygen concentrators approved by the FAA for use on board aircraft prior to May 24, 2016:\n\n(A) AirSep Focus;\n\n(B) AirSep FreeStyle;\n\n(C) AirSep FreeStyle 5;\n\n(D) AirSep LifeStyle;\n\n(E) Delphi RS-00400;\n\n(F) DeVilbiss Healthcare iGo;\n\n(G) Inogen One;\n\n(H) Inogen One G2;\n\n(I) Inogen One G3;\n\n(J) Inova Labs LifeChoice;\n\n(K) Inova Labs LifeChoice Activox;\n\n(L) International Biophysics LifeChoice;\n\n(M) Invacare Solo2;\n\n(N) Invacare XPO2;\n\n(O) Oxlife Independence Oxygen Concentrator;\n\n(P) Oxus RS-00400;\n\n(Q) Precision Medical EasyPulse;\n\n(R) Respironics EverGo;\n\n(S) Respironics SimplyGo;\n\n(T) SeQual Eclipse;\n\n(U) SeQual eQuinox Oxygen System (model 4000);\n\n(V) SeQual Oxywell Oxygen System (model 4000);\n\n(W) SeQual SAROS; and\n\n(X) VBox Trooper Oxygen Concentrator.\n\n(2)  Operating requirements.  Portable oxygen concentrators that satisfy the acceptance criteria identified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section may be carried on or operated by a passenger on board an aircraft provided the aircraft operator ensures that all of the conditions in this paragraph (f)(2) are satisfied:\n\n(i)  Exit seats.  No person operating a portable oxygen concentrator is permitted to occupy an exit seat.\n\n(ii)  Stowage of device.  During movement on the surface, takeoff and landing, the device must be stowed under the seat in front of the user, or in another approved stowage location so that it does not block the aisle way or the entryway to the row. If the device is to be operated by the user, it must be operated only at a seat location that does not restrict any passenger's access to, or use of, any required emergency or regular exit, or the aisle(s) in the passenger compartment."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.2", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.63 Recordkeeping requirements.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-52, 59 FR 42993, Aug. 19, 1994]", "(a) Each certificate holder shall keep at its principal business office or at other places approved by the Administrator, and shall make available for inspection by the Administrator the following\u2014\n\n(1) The certificate holder's operating certificate;\n\n(2) The certificate holder's operations specifications;\n\n(3) A current list of the aircraft used or available for use in operations under this part and the operations for which each is equipped;\n\n(4) An individual record of each pilot used in operations under this part, including the following information:\n\n(i) The full name of the pilot.\n\n(ii) The pilot certificate (by type and number) and ratings that the pilot holds.\n\n(iii) The pilot's aeronautical experience in sufficient detail to determine the pilot's qualifications to pilot aircraft in operations under this part.\n\n(iv) The pilot's current duties and the date of the pilot's assignment to those duties.\n\n(v) The effective date and class of the medical certificate that the pilot holds.\n\n(vi) The date and result of each of the initial and recurrent competency tests and proficiency and route checks required by this part and the type of aircraft flown during that test or check.\n\n(vii) The pilot's flight time in sufficient detail to determine compliance with the flight time limitations of this part.\n\n(viii) The pilot's check pilot authorization, if any.\n\n(ix) Any action taken concerning the pilot's release from employment for physical or professional disqualification.\n\n(x) The date of the completion of the initial phase and each recurrent phase of the training required by this part; and\n\n(5) An individual record for each flight attendant who is required under this part, maintained in sufficient detail to determine compliance with the applicable portions of \u00a7 135.273 of this part.\n\n(b) Each certificate holder must keep each record required by paragraph (a)(3) of this section for at least 6 months, and must keep each record required by paragraphs (a)(4) and (a)(5) of this section for at least 12 months.\n\n(c) For multiengine aircraft, each certificate holder is responsible for the preparation and accuracy of a load manifest in duplicate containing information concerning the loading of the aircraft. The manifest must be prepared before each takeoff and must include:\n\n(1) The number of passengers;\n\n(2) The total weight of the loaded aircraft;\n\n(3) The maximum allowable takeoff weight for that flight;\n\n(4) The center of gravity limits;\n\n(5) The center of gravity of the loaded aircraft, except that the actual center of gravity need not be computed if the aircraft is loaded according to a loading schedule or other approved method that ensures that the center of gravity of the loaded aircraft is within approved limits. In those cases, an entry shall be made on the manifest indicating that the center of gravity is within limits according to a loading schedule or other approved method;\n\n(6) The registration number of the aircraft or flight number;\n\n(7) The origin and destination; and\n\n(8) Identification of crew members and their crew position assignments.\n\n(d) The pilot in command of an aircraft for which a load manifest must be prepared shall carry a copy of the completed load manifest in the aircraft to its destination. The certificate holder shall keep copies of completed load manifests for at least 30 days at its principal operations base, or at another location used by it and approved by the Administrator."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.20", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.93 Minimum altitudes for use of autopilot.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2012-1059, 79 FR 6088, Feb. 3, 2014]", "(a)  Definitions.  For purpose of this section\u2014\n\n(1) Altitudes for takeoff/initial climb and go-around/missed approach are defined as above the airport elevation.\n\n(2) Altitudes for enroute operations are defined as above terrain elevation.\n\n(3) Altitudes for approach are defined as above the touchdown zone elevation (TDZE), unless the altitude is specifically in reference to DA (H) or MDA, in which case the altitude is defined by reference to the DA(H) or MDA itself.\n\n(b)  Takeoff and initial climb.  No person may use an autopilot for takeoff or initial climb below the higher of 500 feet or an altitude that is no lower than twice the altitude loss specified in the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM), except as follows\u2014\n\n(1) At a minimum engagement altitude specified in the AFM; or\n\n(2) At an altitude specified by the Administrator, whichever is greater.\n\n(c)  Enroute.  No person may use an autopilot enroute, including climb and descent, below the following\u2014\n\n(1) 500 feet;\n\n(2) At an altitude that is no lower than twice the altitude loss specified in the AFM for an autopilot malfunction in cruise conditions; or\n\n(3) At an altitude specified by the Administrator, whichever is greater.\n\n(d)  Approach.  No person may use an autopilot at an altitude lower than 50 feet below the DA(H) or MDA for the instrument procedure being flown, except as follows\u2014\n\n(1) For autopilots with an AFM specified altitude loss for approach operations\u2014\n\n(i) An altitude no lower than twice the specified altitude loss if higher than 50 feet below the MDA or DA(H);\n\n(ii) An altitude no lower than 50 feet higher than the altitude loss specified in the AFM, when the following conditions are met\u2014\n\n(A) Reported weather conditions are less than the basic VFR weather conditions in \u00a7 91.155 of this chapter;\n\n(B) Suitable visual references specified in \u00a7 91.175 of this chapter have been established on the instrument approach procedure; and\n\n(C) The autopilot is coupled and receiving both lateral and vertical path references;\n\n(iii) An altitude no lower than the higher of the altitude loss specified in the AFM or 50 feet above the TDZE, when the following conditions are met\u2014\n\n(A) Reported weather conditions are equal to or better than the basic VFR weather conditions in \u00a7 91.155 of this chapter; and\n\n(B) The autopilot is coupled and receiving both lateral and vertical path references; or\n\n(iv) A greater altitude specified by the Administrator.\n\n(2) For autopilots with AFM specified approach altitude limitations, the greater of\u2014\n\n(i) The minimum use altitude specified for the coupled approach mode selected;\n\n(ii) 50 feet; or\n\n(iii) An altitude specified by Administrator.\n\n(3) For autopilots with an AFM specified negligible or zero altitude loss for an autopilot approach mode malfunction, the greater of\u2014\n\n(i) 50 feet; or\n\n(ii) An altitude specified by Administrator.\n\n(4) If executing an autopilot coupled go-around or missed approach using a certificated and functioning autopilot in accordance with paragraph (e) in this section.\n\n(e)  Go-Around/Missed Approach.  No person may engage an autopilot during a go-around or missed approach below the minimum engagement altitude specified for takeoff and initial climb in paragraph (b) in this section. An autopilot minimum use altitude does not apply to a go-around/missed approach initiated with an engaged autopilot. Performing a go-around or missed approach with an engaged autopilot must not adversely affect safe obstacle clearance.\n\n(f)  Landing.  Notwithstanding paragraph (d) of this section, autopilot minimum use altitudes do not apply to autopilot operations when an approved automatic landing system mode is being used for landing. Automatic landing systems must be authorized in an operations specification issued to the operator.\n\n(g) This section does not apply to operations conducted in rotorcraft."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.21", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.95 Airmen: Limitations on use of services.", "FAA", "", "", "[Amdt. 135-140, 83 FR 30282, June 27, 2018]", "(a) No certificate holder may use the services of any person as an airman unless the person performing those services\u2014\n\n(1) Holds an appropriate and current airman certificate; and\n\n(2) Is qualified, under this chapter, for the operation for which the person is to be used.\n\n(b) A certificate holder may obtain approval to provide a temporary document verifying a flightcrew member's airman certificate and medical certificate privileges under an approved certificate verification plan set forth in the certificate holder's operations specifications. A document provided by the certificate holder may be carried as an airman certificate or medical certificate on flights within the United States for up to 72 hours."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.22", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.97 Aircraft and facilities for recent flight experience.", "FAA", "", "", "", "Each certificate holder shall provide aircraft and facilities to enable each of its pilots to maintain and demonstrate the pilot's ability to conduct all operations for which the pilot is authorized."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.23", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.98 Operations in the North Polar Area.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2002-6717, 72 FR 1885, Jan. 16, 2007, as amended by Amdt. 135-112, 73 FR 8798, Feb. 15, 2008]", "After August 13, 2008, no certificate holder may operate an aircraft in the region north of 78\u00b0 N latitude (\u201cNorth Polar Area\u201d), other than intrastate operations wholly within the state of Alaska, unless authorized by the FAA. The certificate holder's operation specifications must include the following:\n\n(a) The designation of airports that may be used for en-route diversions and the requirements the airports must meet at the time of diversion.\n\n(b) Except for all-cargo operations, a recovery plan for passengers at designated diversion airports.\n\n(c) A fuel-freeze strategy and procedures for monitoring fuel freezing for operations in the North Polar Area.\n\n(d) A plan to ensure communication capability for operations in the North Polar Area.\n\n(e) An MEL for operations in the North Polar Area.\n\n(f) A training plan for operations in the North Polar Area.\n\n(g) A plan for mitigating crew exposure to radiation during solar flare activity.\n\n(h) A plan for providing at least two cold weather anti-exposure suits in the aircraft, to protect crewmembers during outside activity at a diversion airport with extreme climatic conditions. The FAA may relieve the certificate holder from this requirement if the season of the year makes the equipment unnecessary."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.24", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.99 Composition of flight crew.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended at 83 FR 30282, June 27, 2018]", "(a) No certificate holder may operate an aircraft with less than the minimum flight crew specified in the aircraft operating limitations or the Aircraft Flight Manual for that aircraft and required by this part for the kind of operation being conducted.\n\n(b) No certificate holder may operate an aircraft without a second in command if that aircraft has a passenger seating configuration, excluding any pilot seat, of ten seats or more.\n\n(c) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, a certificate holder authorized to conduct operations under instrument flight rules may receive authorization from the Administrator through its operations specifications to establish a second-in-command professional development program. As part of that program, a pilot employed by the certificate holder may log time as second in command in operations conducted under this part and part 91 of this chapter that do not require a second pilot by type certification of the aircraft or the regulation under which the flight is being conducted, provided the flight operation is conducted in accordance with the certificate holder's operations specifications for second-in-command professional development program; and\u2014\n\n(1) The certificate holder:\n\n(i) Maintains records for each assigned second in command consistent with the requirements in \u00a7 135.63;\n\n(ii) Provides a copy of the records required by \u00a7 135.63(a)(4)(vi) and (x) to the assigned second in command upon request and within a reasonable time; and\n\n(iii) Establishes and maintains a data collection and analysis process that will enable the certificate holder and the FAA to determine whether the second-in-command professional development program is accomplishing its objectives.\n\n(2) The aircraft is a multiengine airplane or a single-engine turbine-powered airplane. The aircraft must have an independent set of controls for a second pilot flightcrew member, which may not include a throwover control wheel. The aircraft must also have the following equipment and independent instrumentation for a second pilot:\n\n(i) An airspeed indicator;\n\n(ii) Sensitive altimeter adjustable for barometric pressure;\n\n(iii) Gyroscopic bank and pitch indicator;\n\n(iv) Gyroscopic rate-of-turn indicator combined with an integral slip-skid indicator;\n\n(v) Gyroscopic direction indicator;\n\n(vi) For IFR operations, a vertical speed indicator;\n\n(vii) For IFR operations, course guidance for en route navigation and instrument approaches; and\n\n(viii) A microphone, transmit switch, and headphone or speaker.\n\n(3) The pilot assigned to serve as second in command satisfies the following requirements:\n\n(i) The second in command qualifications in \u00a7 135.245;\n\n(ii) The flight time and duty period limitations and rest requirements in subpart F of this part;\n\n(iii) The crewmember testing requirements for second in command in subpart G of this part; and\n\n(iv) The crewmember training requirements for second in command in subpart H of this part.\n\n(4) The pilot assigned to serve as pilot in command satisfies the following requirements:\n\n(i) Has been fully qualified to serve as a pilot in command for the certificate holder for at least the previous 6 calendar months; and\n\n(ii) Has completed mentoring training, including techniques for reinforcing the highest standards of technical performance, airmanship and professionalism within the preceding 36 calendar months.\n\n(d) The following certificate holders are not eligible to receive authorization for a second-in-command professional development program under paragraph (c) of this section:\n\n(1) A certificate holder that uses only one pilot in its operations; and\n\n(2) A certificate holder that has been approved to deviate from the requirements in \u00a7 135.21(a), \u00a7 135.341(a), or \u00a7 119.69(a) of this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.25", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.100 Flight crewmember duties.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 20661, 46 FR 5502, Jan. 19, 1981, as amended by Docket FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. 135-147, 89 FR 92486, Nov. 21, 2024]", "(a) No certificate holder shall require, nor may any flight crewmember perform, any duties during a critical phase of flight except those duties required for the safe operation of the aircraft. Duties such as company required calls made for such nonsafety related purposes as ordering galley supplies and confirming passenger connections, announcements made to passengers promoting the air carrier or pointing out sights of interest, and filling out company payroll and related records are not required for the safe operation of the aircraft.\n\n(b) No flight crewmember may engage in, nor may any pilot in command permit, any activity during a critical phase of flight which could distract any flight crewmember from the performance of his or her duties or which could interfere in any way with the proper conduct of those duties. Activities such as eating meals, engaging in nonessential conversations within the cockpit and nonessential communications between the cabin and cockpit crews, and reading publications not related to the proper conduct of the flight are not required for the safe operation of the aircraft.\n\n(c) For the purposes of this section, critical phases of flight includes all ground operations involving taxi, takeoff and landing, and all other flight operations conducted below 10,000 feet, except cruise flight.\n\n(d) For the purposes of this section, taxi is defined as movement of an aircraft under its own power on the surface of an airport and includes hover taxi which is movement of a helicopter or any vertical takeoff and landing aircraft conducted above the surface and in ground effect at airspeeds less than approximately 20 knots, and air taxi which is movement of a helicopter or any vertical takeoff and landing aircraft conducted above the surface but normally not above 100 feet AGL."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.26", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.101 Second in command required under IFR.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 28743, 62 FR 42374, Aug. 6, 1997]", "Except as provided in \u00a7 135.105, no person may operate an aircraft carrying passengers under IFR unless there is a second in command in the aircraft."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.27", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.103 [Reserved]", "FAA", "", "", "", ""], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.28", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.105 Exception to second in command requirement: Approval for use of autopilot system.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-3, 45 FR 7542, Feb. 4, 1980; Amdt. 135-58, 60 FR 65939, Dec. 20, 1995]", "(a) Except as provided in \u00a7\u00a7 135.99 and 135.111, unless two pilots are required by this chapter for operations under VFR, a person may operate an aircraft without a second in command, if it is equipped with an operative approved autopilot system and the use of that system is authorized by appropriate operations specifications. No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve, as a pilot in command under this section of an aircraft operated in a commuter operation, as defined in part 119 of this chapter unless that person has at least 100 hours pilot in command flight time in the make and model of aircraft to be flown and has met all other applicable requirements of this part.\n\n(b) The certificate holder may apply for an amendment of its operations specifications to authorize the use of an autopilot system in place of a second in command.\n\n(c) The Administrator issues an amendment to the operations specifications authorizing the use of an autopilot system, in place of a second in command, if\u2014\n\n(1) The autopilot is capable of operating the aircraft controls to maintain flight and maneuver it about the three axes; and\n\n(2) The certificate holder shows, to the satisfaction of the Administrator, that operations using the autopilot system can be conducted safely and in compliance with this part.\n\nThe amendment contains any conditions or limitations on the use of the autopilot system that the Administrator determines are needed in the interest of safety."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.29", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.107 Flight attendant crewmember requirement.", "FAA", "", "", "", "No certificate holder may operate an aircraft that has a passenger seating configuration, excluding any pilot seat, of more than 19 unless there is a flight attendant crewmember on board the aircraft."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.3", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.64 Retention of contracts and amendments: Commercial operators who conduct intrastate operations for compensation or hire.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 28154, 60 FR 65939, Dec. 20, 1995, as amended by Amdt. 135-65, 61 FR 30435, June 14, 1996; Amdt. 135-66, 62 FR 13257, Mar. 19, 1997]", "Each commercial operator who conducts intrastate operations for compensation or hire shall keep a copy of each written contract under which it provides services as a commercial operator for a period of at least one year after the date of execution of the contract. In the case of an oral contract, it shall keep a memorandum stating its elements, and of any amendments to it, for a period of at least one year after the execution of that contract or change."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.30", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.109 Pilot in command or second in command: Designation required.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) Each certificate holder shall designate a\u2014\n\n(1) Pilot in command for each flight; and\n\n(2) Second in command for each flight requiring two pilots.\n\n(b) The pilot in command, as designated by the certificate holder, shall remain the pilot in command at all times during that flight."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.31", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.111 Second in command required in Category II operations.", "FAA", "", "", "", "No person may operate an aircraft in a Category II operation unless there is a second in command of the aircraft."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.32", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.113 Passenger occupancy of pilot seat.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2019-0360, Amdt. 135-145, 89 FR 51430, June 18, 2024]", "No certificate holder may operate an aircraft type certificated after October 15, 1971, that has a passenger seating configuration, excluding any pilot seat, of more than eight seats if any person other than the pilot in command, a second in command, a company check pilot, or an authorized representative of the Administrator, the National Transportation Safety Board, or the United States Postal Service occupies a pilot seat."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.33", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.115 Manipulation of controls.", "FAA", "", "", "", "No pilot in command may allow any person to manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight conducted under this part, nor may any person manipulate the controls during such flight unless that person is\u2014\n\n(a) A pilot employed by the certificate holder and qualified in the aircraft; or\n\n(b) An authorized safety representative of the Administrator who has the permission of the pilot in command, is qualified in the aircraft, and is checking flight operations."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.34", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.117 Briefing of passengers before flight.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-9, 51 FR 40709, Nov. 7, 1986; Amdt. 135-25, 53 FR 12362, Apr. 13, 1988; Amdt. 135-44, 57 FR 42675, Sept. 15, 1992; 57 FR 43776, Sept. 22, 1992; 69 FR 39294, June 29, 2004; Amdt. 135-129, 79 FR 9973, Feb. 21, 2014; Docket FAA-2023-2250, Amdt. 135-146, 89 FR 67850, Aug. 22, 2024]", "(a) Before each takeoff each pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers shall ensure that all passengers have been orally briefed on\u2014\n\n(1)  Smoking.  Each passenger shall be briefed on when, where, and under what conditions smoking is prohibited (including, but not limited to, any applicable requirements of part 252 of this title). This briefing shall include a statement that the Federal Aviation Regulations require passenger compliance with the lighted passenger information signs (if such signs are required), posted placards, areas designated for safety purposes as no smoking areas, and crewmember instructions with regard to these items. The briefing shall also include a statement (if the aircraft is equipped with a lavatory) that Federal law prohibits: tampering with, disabling, or destroying any smoke detector installed in an aircraft lavatory; smoking in lavatories; and, when applicable, smoking in passenger compartments.\n\n(2) The use of safety belts, including instructions on how to fasten and unfasten the safety belts. Each passenger shall be briefed on when, where, and under what conditions the safety belt must be fastened about that passenger. This briefing shall include a statement that the Federal Aviation Regulations require passenger compliance with lighted passenger information signs and crewmember instructions concerning the use of safety belts.\n\n(3) The placement of seat backs in an upright position before takeoff and landing;\n\n(4) Location and means for opening the passenger entry door and emergency exits;\n\n(5) Location of survival equipment;\n\n(6) If the flight involves extended overwater operation, ditching procedures and the use of required flotation equipment;\n\n(7) If the flight involves operations above 12,000 feet MSL, the normal and emergency use of oxygen; and\n\n(8) Location and operation of fire extinguishers.\n\n(9) If a rotorcraft operation involves flight beyond autorotational distance from the shoreline, as defined in \u00a7 135.168(a), use of life preservers, ditching procedures and emergency exit from the rotorcraft in the event of a ditching; and the location and use of life rafts and other life preserver devices if applicable.\n\n(b) Before each takeoff the pilot in command shall ensure that each person who may need the assistance of another person to move expeditiously to an exit if an emergency occurs and that person's attendant, if any, has received a briefing as to the procedures to be followed if an evacuation occurs. This paragraph does not apply to a person who has been given a briefing before a previous leg of a flight in the same aircraft.\n\n(c) The oral briefing required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be given by the pilot in command or a crewmember.\n\n(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section, for aircraft certificated to carry 19 passengers or less, the oral briefing required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be given by the pilot in command, a crewmember, or other qualified person designated by the certificate holder and approved by the Administrator.\n\n(e) The oral briefing required by paragraph (a) of this section must be supplemented by printed cards which must be carried in the aircraft in locations convenient for the use of each passenger. The cards must\u2014\n\n(1) Be appropriate for the aircraft on which they are to be used;\n\n(2) Contain a diagram of, and method of operating, the emergency exits;\n\n(3) Contain other instructions necessary for the use of emergency equipment on board the aircraft; and\n\n(4) No later than June 12, 2005, for scheduled Commuter passenger-carrying flights, include the sentence, \u201cFinal assembly of this aircraft was completed in [INSERT NAME OF COUNTRY].\u201d\n\n(f) The briefing required by paragraph (a) may be delivered by means of an approved recording playback device that is audible to each passenger under normal noise levels.\n\n(g) If any passengers on board a flight conducted under this part are secured with a supplemental restraint system, the pilot in command of that flight must ensure those passengers are briefed in accordance with \u00a7 91.108(g) of this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.35", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.119 Prohibition against carriage of weapons.", "FAA", "", "", "", "No person may, while on board an aircraft being operated by a certificate holder, carry on or about that person a deadly or dangerous weapon, either concealed or unconcealed. This section does not apply to\u2014\n\n(a) Officials or employees of a municipality or a State, or of the United States, who are authorized to carry arms; or\n\n(b) Crewmembers and other persons authorized by the certificate holder to carry arms."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.36", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.120 Prohibition on interference with crewmembers.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-1998-4954, 64 FR 1080, Jan. 7, 1999]", "No person may assault, threaten, intimidate, or interfere with a crewmember in the performance of the crewmember's duties aboard an aircraft being operated under this part."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.37", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.121 Alcoholic beverages.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) No person may drink any alcoholic beverage aboard an aircraft unless the certificate holder operating the aircraft has served that beverage.\n\n(b) No certificate holder may serve any alcoholic beverage to any person aboard its aircraft if that person appears to be intoxicated.\n\n(c) No certificate holder may allow any person to board any of its aircraft if that person appears to be intoxicated."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.38", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.122 Stowage of food, beverage, and passenger service equipment during aircraft movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 26142, 57 FR 42675, Sept. 15, 1992]", "(a) No certificate holder may move an aircraft on the surface, take off, or land when any food, beverage, or tableware furnished by the certificate holder is located at any passenger seat.\n\n(b) No certificate holder may move an aircraft on the surface, take off, or land unless each food and beverage tray and seat back tray table is secured in its stowed position.\n\n(c) No certificate holder may permit an aircraft to move on the surface, take off, or land unless each passenger serving cart is secured in its stowed position.\n\n(d) Each passenger shall comply with instructions given by a crewmember with regard to compliance with this section."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.39", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.123 Emergency and emergency evacuation duties.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) Each certificate holder shall assign to each required crewmember for each type of aircraft as appropriate, the necessary functions to be performed in an emergency or in a situation requiring emergency evacuation. The certificate holder shall ensure that those functions can be practicably accomplished, and will meet any reasonably anticipated emergency including incapacitation of individual crewmembers or their inability to reach the passenger cabin because of shifting cargo in combination cargo-passenger aircraft.\n\n(b) The certificate holder shall describe in the manual required under \u00a7 135.21 the functions of each category of required crewmembers assigned under paragraph (a) of this section."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.4", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.65 Reporting mechanical irregularities.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) Each certificate holder shall provide an aircraft maintenance log to be carried on board each aircraft for recording or deferring mechanical irregularities and their correction.\n\n(b) The pilot in command shall enter or have entered in the aircraft maintenance log each mechanical irregularity that comes to the pilot's attention during flight time. Before each flight, the pilot in command shall, if the pilot does not already know, determine the status of each irregularity entered in the maintenance log at the end of the preceding flight.\n\n(c) Each person who takes corrective action or defers action concerning a reported or observed failure or malfunction of an airframe, powerplant, propeller, rotor, or appliance, shall record the action taken in the aircraft maintenance log under the applicable maintenance requirements of this chapter.\n\n(d) Each certificate holder shall establish a procedure for keeping copies of the aircraft maintenance log required by this section in the aircraft for access by appropriate personnel and shall include that procedure in the manual required by \u00a7 135.21."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.40", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.125 Aircraft security.", "FAA", "", "", "[67 FR 8350, Feb. 22, 2002]", "Certificate holders conducting operators conducting operations under this part must comply with the applicable security requirements in 49 CFR chapter XII."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.41", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.127 Passenger information requirements and smoking prohibitions.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 25590, 55 FR 8367, Mar. 7, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 135-35, 55 FR 20135, May 15, 1990; Amdt. 135-44, 57 FR 42675, Sept. 15, 1992; Amdt. 135-60, 61 FR 2616, Jan. 26, 1996; Amdt. 135-76, 65 FR 36780, June 9, 2000; Amdt. 135-124, 76 FR 7491, Feb. 10, 2011]", "(a) No person may conduct a scheduled flight on which smoking is prohibited by part 252 of this title unless the \u201cNo Smoking\u201d passenger information signs are lighted during the entire flight, or one or more \u201cNo Smoking\u201d placards meeting the requirements of \u00a7 25.1541 of this chapter are posted during the entire flight. If both the lighted signs and the placards are used, the signs must remain lighted during the entire flight segment.\n\n(b) No person may smoke while a \u201cNo Smoking\u201d sign is lighted or while \u201cNo Smoking\u201d placards are posted, except as follows:\n\n(1)  On-demand operations.  The pilot in command of an aircraft engaged in an on-demand operation may authorize smoking on the flight deck (if it is physically separated from any passenger compartment), except in any of the following situations:\n\n(i) During aircraft movement on the surface or during takeoff or landing;\n\n(ii) During scheduled passenger-carrying public charter operations conducted under part 380 of this title;\n\n(iii) During on-demand operations conducted interstate that meet paragraph (2) of the definition \u201cOn-demand operation\u201d in \u00a7 110.2 of this chapter, unless permitted under paragraph (b)(2) of this section; or\n\n(iv) During any operation where smoking is prohibited by part 252 of this title or by international agreement.\n\n(2)  Certain intrastate commuter operations and certain intrastate on-demand operations.  Except during aircraft movement on the surface or during takeoff or landing, a pilot in command of an aircraft engaged in a commuter operation or an on-demand operation that meets paragraph (2) of the definition of \u201cOn-demand operation\u201d in \u00a7 110.2 of this chapter may authorize smoking on the flight deck (if it is physically separated from the passenger compartment, if any) if\u2014\n\n(i) Smoking on the flight deck is not otherwise prohibited by part 252 of this title;\n\n(ii) The flight is conducted entirely within the same State of the United States (a flight from one place in Hawaii to another place in Hawaii through the airspace over a place outside Hawaii is not entirely within the same State); and\n\n(iii) The aircraft is either not turbojet-powered or the aircraft is not capable of carrying at least 30 passengers.\n\n(c) No person may smoke in any aircraft lavatory.\n\n(d) No person may operate an aircraft with a lavatory equipped with a smoke detector unless there is in that lavatory a sign or placard which reads: \u201cFederal law provides for a penalty of up to $2,000 for tampering with the smoke detector installed in this lavatory.\u201d\n\n(e) No person may tamper with, disable, or destroy any smoke detector installed in any aircraft lavatory.\n\n(f) On flight segments other than those described in paragraph (a) of this section, the \u201cNo Smoking\u201d sign required by \u00a7 135.177(a)(3) of this part must be turned on during any movement of the aircraft on the surface, for each takeoff or landing, and at any other time considered necessary by the pilot in command.\n\n(g) The passenger information requirements prescribed in \u00a7 91.517 (b) and (d) of this chapter are in addition to the requirements prescribed in this section.\n\n(h) Each passenger shall comply with instructions given him or her by crewmembers regarding compliance with paragraphs (b), (c), and (e) of this section."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.42", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.128 Use of safety belts and child restraint systems.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 26142, 57 FR 42676, Sept. 15, 1992, as amended by Amdt. 135-62, 61 FR 28422, June 4, 1996; Amdt. 135-100, 70 FR 50907, Aug. 26, 2005; Amdt. 135-106, 71 FR 40010, July 14, 2006; 71 FR 59374, Oct. 10, 2006; Amdt. 135-130, 79 FR 28812, May 20, 2014; Docket FAA-2023-2250, Amdt. 135-146, 89 FR 67850, Aug. 22, 2024]", "(a) Except as provided in this paragraph, each person on board an aircraft operated under this part shall occupy an approved seat or berth with a separate safety belt properly secured about him or her during movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing. For seaplane and float equipped rotorcraft operations during movement on the surface, the person pushing off the seaplane or rotorcraft from the dock and the person mooring the seaplane or rotorcraft at the dock are excepted from the preceding seating and safety belt requirements. A safety belt provided for the occupant of a seat may not be used by more than one person who has reached his or her second birthday. Notwithstanding the preceding requirements, a child may:\n\n(1) Be held by an adult, except as outlined in \u00a7 91.108(j) of this chapter, who is occupying an approved seat or berth, provided the child has not reached his or her second birthday and the child does not occupy or use any restraining device; or\n\n(2) Notwithstanding any other requirement of this chapter, occupy an approved child restraint system furnished by the certificate holder or one of the persons described in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, provided:\n\n(i) The child is accompanied by a parent, guardian, or attendant designated by the child's parent or guardian to attend to the safety of the child during the flight;\n\n(ii) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2)(ii)(D) of this section, the approved child restraint system bears one or more labels as follows:\n\n(A) Seats manufactured to U.S. standards between January 1, 1981, and February 25, 1985, must bear the label: \u201cThis child restraint system conforms to all applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards\u201d;\n\n(B) Seats manufactured to U.S. standards on or after February 26, 1985, must bear two labels:\n\n( 1 ) \u201cThis child restraint system conforms to all applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards\u201d; and\n\n( 2 ) \u201cTHIS RESTRAINT IS CERTIFIED FOR USE IN MOTOR VEHICLES AND AIRCRAFT\u201d in red lettering;\n\n(C) Seats that do not qualify under paragraphs (a)(2)(ii)(A) and (a)(2)(ii)(B) of this section must bear a label or markings showing:\n\n( 1 ) That the seat was approved by a foreign government;\n\n( 2 ) That the seat was manufactured under the standards of the United Nations;\n\n( 3 ) That the seat or child restraint device furnished by the certificate holder was approved by the FAA through Type Certificate or Supplemental Type Certificate; or\n\n( 4 ) That the seat or child restraint device furnished by the certificate holder, or one of the persons described in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, was approved by the FAA in accordance with \u00a7 21.8(d) of this chapter or Technical Standard Order C-100b, or a later version. The child restraint device manufactured by AmSafe, Inc. (CARES, Part No. 4082) and approved by the FAA in accordance with \u00a7 21.305(d) (2010 ed.) of this chapter may continue to bear a label or markings showing FAA approval in accordance with \u00a7 21.305(d) (2010 ed.) of this chapter.\n\n(D) Except as provided in \u00a7 135.128(a)(2)(ii)(C)( 3 ) and \u00a7 135.128(a)(2)(ii)(C)( 4 ), booster-type child restraint systems (as defined in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 213 (49 CFR 571.213)), vest- and harness-type child restraint systems, and lap held child restraints are not approved for use in aircraft; and\n\n(iii) The certificate holder complies with the following requirements:\n\n(A) The restraint system must be properly secured to an approved forward-facing seat or berth;\n\n(B) The child must be properly secured in the restraint system and must not exceed the specified weight limit for the restraint system; and\n\n(C) The restraint system must bear the appropriate label(s).\n\n(b) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the following prohibitions apply to certificate holders:\n\n(1) Except as provided in \u00a7 135.128 (a)(2)(ii)(C)( 3 ) and \u00a7 135.128 (a)(2)(ii)(C)( 4 ), no certificate holder may permit a child, in an aircraft, to occupy a booster-type child restraint system, a vest-type child restraint system, a harness-type child restraint system, or a lap held child restraint system during take off, landing, and movement on the surface.\n\n(2) Except as required in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, no certificate holder may prohibit a child, if requested by the child's parent, guardian, or designated attendant, from occupying a child restraint system furnished by the child's parent, guardian, or designated attendant provided:\n\n(i) The child holds a ticket for an approved seat or berth or such seat or berth is otherwise made available by the certificate holder for the child's use;\n\n(ii) The requirements of paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section are met;\n\n(iii) The requirements of paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section are met; and\n\n(iv) The child restraint system has one or more of the labels described in paragraphs (a)(2)(ii)(A) through (a)(2)(ii)(C) of this section.\n\n(3) This section does not prohibit the certificate holder from providing child restraint systems authorized by this or, consistent with safe operating practices, determining the most appropriate passenger seat location for the child restraint system."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.43", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.129 Exit seating.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 25821, 55 FR 8073, Mar. 6, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 135-45, 57 FR 48664, Oct. 27, 1992; Amdt. 135-50, 59 FR 33603, June 29, 1994; Amdt. 135-60, 61 FR 2616, Jan. 26, 1996; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "(a)(1)  Applicability.  This section applies to all certificate holders operating under this part, except for on-demand operations with aircraft having 19 or fewer passenger seats and commuter operations with aircraft having 9 or fewer passenger seats.\n\n(2)  Duty to make determination of suitability.  Each certificate holder shall determine, to the extent necessary to perform the applicable functions of paragraph (d) of this section, the suitability of each person it permits to occupy an exit seat. For the purpose of this section\u2014\n\n(i)  Exit seat  means\u2014\n\n(A) Each seat having direct access to an exit; and\n\n(B) Each seat in a row of seats through which passengers would have to pass to gain access to an exit, from the first seat inboard of the exit to the first aisle inboard of the exit.\n\n(ii) A passenger seat having  direct access  means a seat from which a passenger can proceed directly to the exit without entering an aisle or passing around an obstruction.\n\n(3)  Persons designated to make determination.  Each certificate holder shall make the passenger exit seating determinations required by this paragraph in a non-discriminatory manner consistent with the requirements of this section, by persons designated in the certificate holder's required operations manual.\n\n(4)  Submission of designation for approval.  Each certificate holder shall designate the exit seats for each passenger seating configuration in its fleet in accordance with the definitions in this paragraph and submit those designations for approval as part of the procedures required to be submitted for approval under paragraphs (n) and (p) of this section.\n\n(b) No certificate holder may seat a person in a seat affected by this section if the certificate holder determines that it is likely that the person would be unable to perform one or more of the applicable functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section because\u2014\n\n(1) The person lacks sufficient mobility, strength, or dexterity in both arms and hands, and both legs:\n\n(i) To reach upward, sideways, and downward to the location of emergency exit and exit-slide operating mechanisms;\n\n(ii) To grasp and push, pull, turn, or otherwise manipulate those mechanisms;\n\n(iii) To push, shove, pull, or otherwise open emergency exits;\n\n(iv) To lift out, hold, deposit on nearby seats, or maneuver over the seatbacks to the next row objects the size and weight of over-wing window exit doors;\n\n(v) To remove obstructions of size and weight similar over-wing exit doors;\n\n(vi) To reach the emergency exit expeditiously;\n\n(vii) To maintain balance while removing obstructions;\n\n(viii) To exit expeditiously;\n\n(ix) To stabilize an escape slide after deployment; or\n\n(x) To assist others in getting off an escape slide;\n\n(2) The person is less than 15 years of age or lacks the capacity to perform one or more of the applicable functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section without the assistance of an adult companion, parent, or other relative;\n\n(3) The person lacks the ability to read and understand instructions required by this section and related to emergency evacuation provided by the certificate holder in printed or graphic form or the ability to understand oral crew commands.\n\n(4) The person lacks sufficient visual capacity to perform one or more of the applicable functions in paragraph (d) of this section without the assistance of visual aids beyond contact lenses or eyeglasses;\n\n(5) The person lacks sufficient aural capacity to hear and understand instructions shouted by flight attendants, without assistance beyond a hearing aid;\n\n(6) The person lacks the ability adequately to impart information orally to other passengers; or,\n\n(7) The person has:\n\n(i) A condition or responsibilities, such as caring for small children, that might prevent the person from performing one or more of the applicable functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section; or\n\n(ii) A condition that might cause the person harm if he or she performs one or more of the applicable functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section.\n\n(c) Each passenger shall comply with instructions given by a crewmember or other authorized employee of the certificate holder implementing exit seating restrictions established in accordance with this section.\n\n(d) Each certificate holder shall include on passenger information cards, presented in the language in which briefings and oral commands are given by the crew, at each exit seat affected by this section, information that, in the event of an emergency in which a crewmember is not available to assist, a passenger occupying an exit seat may use if called upon to perform the following functions:\n\n(1) Locate the emergency exit;\n\n(2) Recognize the emergency exit opening mechanism;\n\n(3) Comprehend the instructions for operating the emergency exit;\n\n(4) Operate the emergency exit;\n\n(5) Assess whether opening the emergency exit will increase the hazards to which passengers may be exposed;\n\n(6) Follow oral directions and hand signals given by a crewmember;\n\n(7) Stow or secure the emergency exit door so that it will not impede use of the exit;\n\n(8) Assess the condition of an escape slide, activate the slide, and stabilize the slide after deployment to assist others in getting off the slide;\n\n(9) Pass expeditiously through the emergency exit; and\n\n(10) Assess, select, and follow a safe path away from the emergency exit.\n\n(e) Each certificate holder shall include on passenger information cards, at each exit seat\u2014\n\n(1) In the primary language in which emergency commands are given by the crew, the selection criteria set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, and a request that a passenger identify himself or herself to allow reseating if he or she\u2014\n\n(i) Cannot meet the selection criteria set forth in paragraph (b) of this section;\n\n(ii) Has a nondiscernible condition that will prevent him or her from performing the applicable functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section;\n\n(iii) May suffer bodily harm as the result of performing one or more of those functions; or\n\n(iv) Does not wish to perform those functions; and,\n\n(2) In each language used by the certificate holder for passenger information cards, a request that a passenger identify himself or herself to allow reseating if he or she lacks the ability to read, speak, or understand the language or the graphic form in which instructions required by this section and related to emergency evacuation are provided by the certificate holder, or the ability to understand the specified language in which crew commands will be given in an emergency;\n\n(3) May suffer bodily harm as the result of performing one or more of those functions; or,\n\n(4) Does not wish to perform those functions.\n\nA certificate holder shall not require the passenger to disclose his or her reason for needing reseating.\n\n(f) Each certificate holder shall make available for inspection by the public at all passenger loading gates and ticket counters at each airport where it conducts passenger operations, written procedures established for making determinations in regard to exit row seating.\n\n(g) No certificate holder may allow taxi or pushback unless at least one required crewmember has verified that no exit seat is occupied by a person the crewmember determines is likely to be unable to perform the applicable functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section.\n\n(h) Each certificate holder shall include in its passenger briefings a reference to the passenger information cards, required by paragraphs (d) and (e), the selection criteria set forth in paragraph (b), and the functions to be performed, set forth in paragraph (d) of this section.\n\n(i) Each certificate holder shall include in its passenger briefings a request that a passenger identify himself or herself to allow reseating if he or she\u2014\n\n(1) Cannot meet the selection criteria set forth in paragraph (b) of this section;\n\n(2) Has a nondiscernible condition that will prevent him or her from performing the applicable functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section;\n\n(3) May suffer bodily harm as the result of performing one or more of those functions; or,\n\n(4) Does not wish to perform those functions.\n\nA certificate holder shall not require the passenger to disclose his or her reason for needing reseating.\n\n(j) [Reserved]\n\n(k) In the event a certificate holder determines in accordance with this section that it is likely that a passenger assigned to an exit seat would be unable to perform the functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section or a passenger requests a non-exit seat, the certificate holder shall expeditiously relocate the passenger to a non-exit seat.\n\n(l) In the event of full booking in the non-exit seats and if necessary to accommodate a passenger being relocated from an exit seat, the certificate holder shall move a passenger who is willing and able to assume the evacuation functions that may be required, to an exit seat.\n\n(m) A certificate holder may deny transportation to any passenger under this section only because\u2014\n\n(1) The passenger refuses to comply with instructions given by a crewmember or other authorized employee of the certificate holder implementing exit seating restrictions established in accordance with this section, or\n\n(2) The only seat that will physically accommodate the person's handicap is an exit seat.\n\n(n) In order to comply with this section certificate holders shall\u2014\n\n(1) Establish procedures that address:\n\n(i) The criteria listed in paragraph (b) of this section;\n\n(ii) The functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section;\n\n(iii) The requirements for airport information, passenger information cards, crewmember verification of appropriate seating in exit seats, passenger briefings, seat assignments, and denial of transportation as set forth in this section;\n\n(iv) How to resolve disputes arising from implementation of this section, including identification of the certificate holder employee on the airport to whom complaints should be addressed for resolution; and,\n\n(2) Submit their procedures for preliminary review and approval to the principal operations inspectors assigned to them at the responsible Flight Standards office.\n\n(o) Certificate holders shall assign seats prior to boarding consistent with the criteria listed in paragraph (b) and the functions listed in paragraph (d) of this section, to the maximum extent feasible.\n\n(p) The procedures required by paragraph (n) of this section will not become effective until final approval is granted by the Executive Director, Flight Standards Service, Washington, DC. Approval will be based solely upon the safety aspects of the certificate holder's procedures."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.5", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.67 Reporting potentially hazardous meteorological conditions and irregularities of ground facilities or navigation aids.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 1, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-1, 44 FR 26737, May 7, 1979; Amdt. 135-110, 72 FR 31684, June 7, 2007]", "Whenever a pilot encounters a potentially hazardous meteorological condition or an irregularity in a ground facility or navigation aid in flight, the knowledge of which the pilot considers essential to the safety of other flights, the pilot shall notify an appropriate ground radio station as soon as practicable."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.6", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.69 Restriction or suspension of operations: Continuation of flight in an emergency.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) During operations under this part, if a certificate holder or pilot in command knows of conditions, including airport and runway conditions, that are a hazard to safe operations, the certificate holder or pilot in command, as the case may be, shall restrict or suspend operations as necessary until those conditions are corrected.\n\n(b) No pilot in command may allow a flight to continue toward any airport of intended landing under the conditions set forth in paragraph (a) of this section, unless, in the opinion of the pilot in command, the conditions that are a hazard to safe operations may reasonably be expected to be corrected by the estimated time of arrival or, unless there is no safer procedure. In the latter event, the continuation toward that airport is an emergency situation under \u00a7 135.19."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.7", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.71 Airworthiness check.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-32, 54 FR 34332, Aug. 18, 1989]", "The pilot in command may not begin a flight unless the pilot determines that the airworthiness inspections required by \u00a7 91.409 of this chapter, or \u00a7 135.419, whichever is applicable, have been made."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.8", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.73 Inspections and tests.", "FAA", "", "", "", "Each certificate holder and each person employed by the certificate holder shall allow the Administrator, at any time or place, to make inspections or tests (including en route inspections) to determine the holder's compliance with the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, applicable regulations, and the certificate holder's operating certificate, and operations specifications."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.2.3.9", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "B", "Subpart B\u2014Flight Operations", "", "\u00a7 135.75 Inspectors credentials: Admission to pilots' compartment: Forward observer's seat.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a) Whenever, in performing the duties of conducting an inspection, an FAA inspector presents an Aviation Safety Inspector credential, FAA Form 110A, to the pilot in command of an aircraft operated by the certificate holder, the inspector must be given free and uninterrupted access to the pilot compartment of that aircraft. However, this paragraph does not limit the emergency authority of the pilot in command to exclude any person from the pilot compartment in the interest of safety.\n\n(b) A forward observer's seat on the flight deck, or forward passenger seat with headset or speaker must be provided for use by the Administrator while conducting en route inspections. The suitability of the location of the seat and the headset or speaker for use in conducting en route inspections is determined by the Administrator."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.1", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.141 Applicability.", "FAA", "", "", "", "This subpart prescribes aircraft and equipment requirements for operations under this part. The requirements of this subpart are in addition to the aircraft and equipment requirements of part 91 of this chapter. However, this part does not require the duplication of any equipment required by this chapter."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.10", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.153 [Reserved]", "FAA", "", "", "", ""], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.11", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.154 Terrain awareness and warning system.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 29312, 65 FR 16755, Mar. 29, 2000]", "(a)  Airplanes manufactured after March 29, 2002:\n\n(1) No person may operate a turbine-powered airplane configured with 10 or more passenger seats, excluding any pilot seat, unless that airplane is equipped with an approved terrain awareness and warning system that meets the requirements for Class A equipment in Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C151. The airplane must also include an approved terrain situational awareness display.\n\n(2) No person may operate a turbine-powered airplane configured with 6 to 9 passenger seats, excluding any pilot seat, unless that airplane is equipped with an approved terrain awareness and warning system that meets as a minimum the requirements for Class B equipment in Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C151.\n\n(b)  Airplanes manufactured on or before March 29, 2002:\n\n(1) No person may operate a turbine-powered airplane configured with 10 or more passenger seats, excluding any pilot seat, after March 29, 2005, unless that airplane is equipped with an approved terrain awareness and warning system that meets the requirements for Class A equipment in Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C151. The airplane must also include an approved terrain situational awareness display.\n\n(2) No person may operate a turbine-powered airplane configured with 6 to 9 passenger seats, excluding any pilot seat, after March 29, 2005, unless that airplane is equipped with an approved terrain awareness and warning system that meets as a minimum the requirements for Class B equipment in Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C151.\n\n(c)  Airplane Flight Manual.  The Airplane Flight Manual shall contain appropriate procedures for\u2014\n\n(1) The use of the terrain awareness and warning system; and\n\n(2) Proper flight crew reaction in response to the terrain awareness and warning system audio and visual warnings."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.12", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.155 Fire extinguishers: Passenger-carrying aircraft.", "FAA", "", "", "", "No person may operate an aircraft carrying passengers unless it is equipped with hand fire extinguishers of an approved type for use in crew and passenger compartments as follows\u2014\n\n(a) The type and quantity of extinguishing agent must be suitable for the kinds of fires likely to occur;\n\n(b) At least one hand fire extinguisher must be provided and conveniently located on the flight deck for use by the flight crew; and\n\n(c) At least one hand fire extinguisher must be conveniently located in the passenger compartment of each aircraft having a passenger seating configuration, excluding any pilot seat, of at least 10 seats but less than 31 seats."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.13", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.156 Flight data recorders: filtered data.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2006-26135, 75 FR 7357, Feb. 19, 2010]", "(a) A flight data signal is filtered when an original sensor signal has been changed in any way, other than changes necessary to:\n\n(1) Accomplish analog to digital conversion of the signal;\n\n(2) Format a digital signal to be DFDR compatible; or\n\n(3) Eliminate a high frequency component of a signal that is outside the operational bandwidth of the sensor.\n\n(b) An original sensor signal for any flight recorder parameter required to be recorded under \u00a7 135.152 may be filtered only if the recorded signal value continues to meet the requirements of Appendix D or F of this part, as applicable.\n\n(c) For a parameter described in \u00a7 135.152(h)(12) through (17), (42), or (88), or the corresponding parameter in Appendix D of this part, if the recorded signal value is filtered and does not meet the requirements of Appendix D or F of this part, as applicable, the certificate holder must:\n\n(1) Remove the filtering and ensure that the recorded signal value meets the requirements of Appendix D or F of this part, as applicable; or\n\n(2) Demonstrate by test and analysis that the original sensor signal value can be reconstructed from the recorded data. This demonstration requires that:\n\n(i) The FAA determine that the procedure and test results submitted by the certificate holder as its compliance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section are repeatable; and\n\n(ii) The certificate holder maintains documentation of the procedure required to reconstruct the original sensor signal value. This documentation is also subject to the requirements of \u00a7 135.152(e).\n\n(d)  Compliance.  Compliance is required as follows:\n\n(1) No later than October 20, 2011, each operator must determine, for each aircraft on its operations specifications, whether the aircraft's DFDR system is filtering any of the parameters listed in paragraph (c) of this section. The operator must create a record of this determination for each aircraft it operates, and maintain it as part of the correlation documentation required by \u00a7 135.152 (f)(1)(iii) or (f)(2)(iii) of this part as applicable.\n\n(2) For aircraft that are not filtering any listed parameter, no further action is required unless the aircraft's DFDR system is modified in a manner that would cause it to meet the definition of filtering on any listed parameter.\n\n(3) For aircraft found to be filtering a parameter listed in paragraph (c) of this section the operator must either:\n\n(i) No later than April 21, 2014, remove the filtering; or\n\n(ii) No later than April 22, 2013, submit the necessary procedure and test results required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section.\n\n(4) After April 21, 2014, no aircraft flight data recording system may filter any parameter listed in paragraph (c) of this section that does not meet the requirements of Appendix D or F of this part, unless the certificate holder possesses test and analysis procedures and the test results that have been approved by the FAA. All records of tests, analysis and procedures used to comply with this section must be maintained as part of the correlation documentation required by \u00a7 135.152 (f)(1)(iii) or (f)(2)(iii) of this part as applicable."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.14", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.157 Oxygen equipment requirements.", "FAA", "", "", "", "(a)  Unpressurized aircraft.  No person may operate an unpressurized aircraft at altitudes prescribed in this section unless it is equipped with enough oxygen dispensers and oxygen to supply the pilots under \u00a7 135.89(a) and to supply, when flying\u2014\n\n(1) At altitudes above 10,000 feet through 15,000 feet MSL, oxygen to at least 10 percent of the occupants of the aircraft, other than the pilots, for that part of the flight at those altitudes that is of more than 30 minutes duration; and\n\n(2) Above 15,000 feet MSL, oxygen to each occupant of the aircraft other than the pilots.\n\n(b)  Pressurized aircraft.  No person may operate a pressurized aircraft\u2014\n\n(1) At altitudes above 25,000 feet MSL, unless at least a 10-minute supply of supplemental oxygen is available for each occupant of the aircraft, other than the pilots, for use when a descent is necessary due to loss of cabin pressurization; and\n\n(2) Unless it is equipped with enough oxygen dispensers and oxygen to comply with paragraph (a) of this section whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 feet MSL and, if the cabin pressurization fails, to comply with \u00a7 135.89 (a) or to provide a 2-hour supply for each pilot, whichever is greater, and to supply when flying\u2014\n\n(i) At altitudes above 10,000 feet through 15,000 feet MSL, oxygen to at least 10 percent of the occupants of the aircraft, other than the pilots, for that part of the flight at those altitudes that is of more than 30 minutes duration; and\n\n(ii) Above 15,000 feet MSL, oxygen to each occupant of the aircraft, other than the pilots, for one hour unless, at all times during flight above that altitude, the aircraft can safely descend to 15,000 feet MSL within four minutes, in which case only a 30-minute supply is required.\n\n(c) The equipment required by this section must have a means\u2014\n\n(1) To enable the pilots to readily determine, in flight, the amount of oxygen available in each source of supply and whether the oxygen is being delivered to the dispensing units; or\n\n(2) In the case of individual dispensing units, to enable each user to make those determinations with respect to that person's oxygen supply and delivery; and\n\n(3) To allow the pilots to use undiluted oxygen at their discretion at altitudes above 25,000 feet MSL."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.15", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.158 Pitot heat indication systems.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 18094, Amdt. 135-17, 46 FR 48306, Aug. 31, 1981, as amended by Amdt. 135-33, 54 FR 39294, Sept. 25, 1989; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, after April 12, 1981, no person may operate a transport category airplane equipped with a flight instrument pitot heating system unless the airplane is also equipped with an operable pitot heat indication system that complies with \u00a7 25.1326 of this chapter in effect on April 12, 1978.\n\n(b) A certificate holder may obtain an extension of the April 12, 1981, compliance date specified in paragraph (a) of this section, but not beyond April 12, 1983, from the Executive Director, Flight Standards Service if the certificate holder\u2014\n\n(1) Shows that due to circumstances beyond its control it cannot comply by the specified compliance date; and\n\n(2) Submits by the specified compliance date a schedule for compliance, acceptable to the Executive Director, indicating that compliance will be achieved at the earliest practicable date."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.16", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.159 Equipment requirements: Carrying passengers under VFR at night or under VFR over-the-top conditions.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 24550, 51 FR 40709, Nov. 7, 1986, as amended by Amdt. 135-38, 55 FR 43310, Oct. 26, 1990]", "No person may operate an aircraft carrying passengers under VFR at night or under VFR over-the-top, unless it is equipped with\u2014\n\n(a) A gyroscopic rate-of-turn indicator except on the following aircraft:\n\n(1) Airplanes with a third attitude instrument system usable through flight attitudes of 360 degrees of pitch-and-roll and installed in accordance with the instrument requirements prescribed in \u00a7 121.305(j) of this chapter.\n\n(2) Helicopters with a third attitude instrument system usable through flight attitudes of \u00b180 degrees of pitch and \u00b1120 degrees of roll and installed in accordance with \u00a7 29.1303(g) of this chapter.\n\n(3) Helicopters with a maximum certificated takeoff weight of 6,000 pounds or less.\n\n(b) A slip skid indicator.\n\n(c) A gyroscopic bank-and-pitch indicator.\n\n(d) A gyroscopic direction indicator.\n\n(e) A generator or generators able to supply all probable combinations of continuous in-flight electrical loads for required equipment and for recharging the battery.\n\n(f) For night flights\u2014\n\n(1) An anticollision light system;\n\n(2) Instrument lights to make all instruments, switches, and gauges easily readable, the direct rays of which are shielded from the pilots' eyes; and\n\n(3) A flashlight having at least two size \u201cD\u201d cells or equivalent.\n\n(g) For the purpose of paragraph (e) of this section, a continuous in-flight electrical load includes one that draws current continuously during flight, such as radio equipment and electrically driven instruments and lights, but does not include occasional intermittent loads.\n\n(h) Notwithstanding provisions of paragraphs (b), (c), and (d), helicopters having a maximum certificated takeoff weight of 6,000 pounds or less may be operated until January 6, 1988, under visual flight rules at night without a slip skid indicator, a gyroscopic bank-and-pitch indicator, or a gyroscopic direction indicator."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.17", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.160 Radio altimeters for rotorcraft operations.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2010-0982, 79 FR 9973, Feb. 21, 2014, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 135-139, 83 FR 9175, Mar. 5, 2018]", "(a) After April 24, 2017, no person may operate a rotorcraft unless that rotorcraft is equipped with an operable FAA-approved radio altimeter, or an FAA-approved device that incorporates a radio altimeter, unless otherwise authorized in the certificate holder's approved minimum equipment list.\n\n(b)  Deviation authority.  The Administrator may authorize deviations from paragraph (a) of this section for rotorcraft that are unable to incorporate a radio altimeter. This deviation will be issued as a Letter of Deviation Authority. The deviation may be terminated or amended at any time by the Administrator. The request for deviation authority is applicable to rotorcraft with a maximum gross takeoff weight no greater than 2,950 pounds. The request for deviation authority must contain a complete statement of the circumstances and justification, and must be submitted to the responsible Flight Standards office, not less than 60 days prior to the date of intended operations."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.18", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.161 Communication and navigation equipment for aircraft operations under VFR over routes navigated by pilotage.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket FAA-2002-14002, 72 FR 31684, June 7, 2007, as amended by Amdt. 135-116, 74 FR 20205, May 1, 2009]", "(a) No person may operate an aircraft under VFR over routes that can be navigated by pilotage unless the aircraft is equipped with the two-way radio communication equipment necessary under normal operating conditions to fulfill the following:\n\n(1) Communicate with at least one appropriate station from any point on the route, except in remote locations and areas of mountainous terrain where geographical constraints make such communication impossible.\n\n(2) Communicate with appropriate air traffic control facilities from any point within Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace, or within a Class E surface area designated for an airport in which flights are intended; and\n\n(3) Receive meteorological information from any point en route, except in remote locations and areas of mountainous terrain where geographical constraints make such communication impossible.\n\n(b) No person may operate an aircraft at night under VFR over routes that can be navigated by pilotage unless that aircraft is equipped with\u2014\n\n(1) Two-way radio communication equipment necessary under normal operating conditions to fulfill the functions specified in paragraph (a) of this section; and\n\n(2) Navigation equipment suitable for the route to be flown."], ["14:14:3.0.1.1.12.3.3.19", 14, "Aeronautics and Space", "I", "G", "135", "PART 135\u2014OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT", "C", "Subpart C\u2014Aircraft and Equipment", "", "\u00a7 135.163 Equipment requirements: Aircraft carrying passengers under IFR.", "FAA", "", "", "[Docket 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 135-70, 62 FR 42374, Aug. 6, 1997; Amdt. 135-72, 63 FR 25573, May 8, 1998]", "No person may operate an aircraft under IFR, carrying passengers, unless it has\u2014\n\n(a) A vertical speed indicator;\n\n(b) A free-air temperature indicator;\n\n(c) A heated pitot tube for each airspeed indicator;\n\n(d) A power failure warning device or vacuum indicator to show the power available for gyroscopic instruments from each power source;\n\n(e) An alternate source of static pressure for the altimeter and the airspeed and vertical speed indicators;\n\n(f) For a single-engine aircraft:\n\n(1) Two independent electrical power generating sources each of which is able to supply all probable combinations of continuous inflight electrical loads for required instruments and equipment; or\n\n(2) In addition to the primary electrical power generating source, a standby battery or an alternate source of electric power that is capable of supplying 150% of the electrical loads of all required instruments and equipment necessary for safe emergency operation of the aircraft for at least one hour;\n\n(g) For multi-engine aircraft, at least two generators or alternators each of which is on a separate engine, of which any combination of one-half of the total number are rated sufficiently to supply the electrical loads of all required instruments and equipment necessary for safe emergency operation of the aircraft except that for multi-engine helicopters, the two required generators may be mounted on the main rotor drive train; and\n\n(h) Two independent sources of energy (with means of selecting either) of which at least one is an engine-driven pump or generator, each of which is able to drive all required gyroscopic instruments powered by, or to be powered by, that particular source and installed so that failure of one instrument or source, does not interfere with the energy supply to the remaining instruments or the other energy source unless, for single-engine aircraft in all cargo operations only, the rate of turn indicator has a source of energy separate from the bank and pitch and direction indicators. For the purpose of this paragraph, for multi-engine aircraft, each engine-driven source of energy must be on a different engine.\n\n(i) For the purpose of paragraph (f) of this section, a continuous inflight electrical load includes one that draws current continuously during flight, such as radio equipment, electrically driven instruments, and lights, but does not include occasional intermittent loads."]], "truncated": false, "filtered_table_rows_count": 215, "expanded_columns": [], "expandable_columns": [], "columns": ["section_id", "title_number", "title_name", "chapter", "subchapter", "part_number", "part_name", "subpart", "subpart_name", "section_number", "section_heading", "agency", "authority", "source_citation", "amendment_citations", "full_text"], "primary_keys": ["section_id"], "units": {}, "query": {"sql": "select section_id, title_number, title_name, chapter, subchapter, part_number, part_name, subpart, subpart_name, section_number, section_heading, agency, authority, source_citation, amendment_citations, full_text from cfr_sections where \"part_number\" = :p0 order by section_id limit 101", "params": {"p0": "135"}}, "facet_results": {"title_number": {"name": "title_number", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135", "results": [{"value": 14, "label": 14, "count": 200, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&title_number=14", "selected": false}, {"value": 40, "label": 40, "count": 9, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&title_number=40", "selected": false}, {"value": 21, "label": 21, "count": 6, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&title_number=21", "selected": false}], "truncated": false}, "agency": {"name": "agency", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135", "results": [{"value": "FAA", "label": "FAA", "count": 200, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&agency=FAA", "selected": false}, {"value": "EPA", "label": "EPA", "count": 9, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&agency=EPA", "selected": false}, {"value": "FDA", "label": "FDA", "count": 6, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&agency=FDA", "selected": false}], "truncated": false}, "part_number": {"name": "part_number", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135", "results": [{"value": "135", "label": "135", "count": 215, "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json", "selected": true}], "truncated": false}}, "suggested_facets": [{"name": "title_name", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&_facet=title_name"}, {"name": "subchapter", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&_facet=subchapter"}, {"name": "part_name", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&_facet=part_name"}, {"name": "subpart", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&_facet=subpart"}, {"name": "subpart_name", "toggle_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&_facet=subpart_name"}], "next": "14~3A14~3A3~2E0~2E1~2E1~2E12~2E3~2E3~2E19,14~3A14~3A3~2E0~2E1~2E1~2E12~2E3~2E3~2E19", "next_url": "https://www.pawtectors.org/openregs/cfr_sections.json?part_number=135&_next=14~3A14~3A3~2E0~2E1~2E1~2E12~2E3~2E3~2E19%2C14~3A14~3A3~2E0~2E1~2E1~2E12~2E3~2E3~2E19&_sort=section_id", "private": false, "allow_execute_sql": true, "query_ms": 12.308930046856403, "source": "Federal Register API & Regulations.gov API", "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/developers/api/v1", "license": "Public Domain (U.S. Government data)", "license_url": "https://www.regulations.gov/faq"}