section_id,title_number,title_name,chapter,subchapter,part_number,part_name,subpart,subpart_name,section_number,section_heading,agency,authority,source_citation,amendment_citations,full_text 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.1,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.1 Purpose and scope.,FMC,,,"[64 FR 8010, Feb. 18, 1999, as amended at 74 FR 50735, Oct. 1, 2009]","(a) Purpose. The regulations of this part are intended to carry out the Commission's mandate under section 9 of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. 40701-40706), as amended by the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998, to monitor the practices of controlled carriers and ensure that they do not: (1) Maintain rates or charges in their tariffs and service contracts that are below a level that is just and reasonable; nor (2) Establish, maintain or enforce unjust or unreasonable classifications, rules or regulations in those tariffs or service contracts which result or are likely to result in the carriage or handling of cargo at rates or charges that are below a just and reasonable level. (b) Scope. The regulations contained in this part set forth the special procedures whereby controlled carriers' tariffs and service contracts become effective and are reviewed by the Commission. These regulations in no way exempt controlled carriers from other Commission regulations or statutory authority to which they may otherwise be subject as ocean common carriers. These regulations apply to all controlled carriers operating in the foreign commerce of the United States unless excepted under section 9(f) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. 40706), as reflected by § 565.5." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.10,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,"§ 565.10 Suspension procedures, period of suspension, and replacement rates.",FMC,,,,"(a)(1) Suspension prior to effective date. Pending a determination as to their lawfulness in a prohibition proceeding as described in § 565.9, the Commission may suspend the rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations at any time before their effective date. (2) Suspension after effective date. In the case of rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations that have already become effective, the Commission may, upon the issuance of an order to show cause, suspend those rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations on not less than 30 days' notice to the controlled carrier. (b) Period of suspension. In any case, no period of suspension may be greater than 180 days. (c) Implementation. (1) Upon issuance of an order suspending a rate, charge, classification, rule or regulation in whole or in part, the Commission shall direct the controlled carrier to remove the suspended material from its tariff publication; or (2) if the matter subject to the suspension order is not covered by paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the Commission shall set forth procedures in the order for implementing the suspension. (3) Publication. All orders of suspension shall be published in the Federal Register. (d) Replacement rates. Controlled carriers may publish in tariffs or file in service contracts rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations in lieu of the suspended matter (“replacement rates”). (1) Effective date. In the case of replacement rates which are published in tariffs and which are scheduled to become effective during a suspension period, may become effective immediately upon either their publication in tariffs or upon the effective date of the suspension, whichever is later. (2) Rejection of replacement rates. The Commission may reject the replacement rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations published in tariffs or filed in service contracts to take effect during the suspension period if they are unjust and unreasonable. In determining whether to reject replacement rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations, the Commission will consider whether they would result in total charges (i.e, rate plus applicable surcharges) that are lower than the lowest comparable charges effective for a common carrier, other than a controlled carrier, serving the same trade. (3) At the same time it announces replacement rates, the controlled carrier shall submit to the Secretary of the Commission, a letter identifying the specific competing common carrier's rates, charges, classification or rules resulting in total charges which are equal to or lower than its own." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.11,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.11 Presidential review.,FMC,,,,"The Commission shall transmit all orders of suspension or final orders of prohibition to the President of the United States concurrently with the submission of such orders to the Federal Register pursuant to § 565.9(d) or § 565.10(c)(3). The President may, within 10 days of either the receipt or effective date of the order, request in writing that the Commission stay the effect of the order for reasons of national defense or foreign policy." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.12,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,"§ 565.12 Stay, postponement, discontinuance or suspension of action.",FMC,,,,"The Commission may, on its own motion or upon petition, postpone, discontinue, or suspend any and all actions taken by it under the provisions of this part. The Commission shall immediately stay the effect of any order issued under this part as requested by the President pursuant to § 565.11." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.13,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.13 OMB control number assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.,FMC,,,,"The Commission has received OMB approval for this collection of information pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, as amended. In accordance with that Act, agencies are required to display a currently valid control number. The valid control number for this collection of information is 3072-0060." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.2,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.2 Definitions.,FMC,,,,"(a) Controlled carrier means an ocean common carrier that is, or whose operating assets are, directly or indirectly owned or controlled by a government. Ownership or control by a government shall be deemed to exist with respect to any ocean common carrier if: (1) A majority portion of the interest in the carrier is owned or controlled in any manner by that government, by any agency thereof, or by any public or private person controlled by that government; or (2) That government has the right to appoint or disapprove the appointment of a majority of the directors, the chief operating officer or the chief executive officer of the carrier. (b) Effective date has the same meaning it has in 46 CFR part 520." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.3,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.3 Classification as controlled carrier.,FMC,,,,"(a) Notification. The Commission will periodically review the ocean common carriers operating in the foreign commerce of the United States and will notify any ocean common carrier of any change in its classification as a controlled carrier. (b) Rebuttal of classification. (1) Any ocean common carrier contesting such a classification may, within 30 days after the date of the Commission's notice, submit a rebuttal statement. (2) The Commission shall review the rebuttal and notify the ocean common carrier of its final decision." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.4,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.4 Notification to Commission of change in control.,FMC,,,,"Whenever the operation, control or ownership of an ocean common carrier is transferred resulting in a majority portion of the interest of that ocean common carrier being owned or controlled in any manner by a government, the ocean common carrier shall immediately send written notification of the details of the change to the Secretary of the Commission. If a carrier is newly commencing ocean common carrier operations in a United States trade, and if a majority portion of the carrier is owned or controlled by a government, or if a government may approve or disapprove the majority of directors or the chief executive or operating officer of the carrier, the carrier shall immediately send written notification to the Secretary of the details of such ownership or control." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.5,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.5 Exceptions.,FMC,,,"[64 FR 8010, Feb. 18, 1999, as amended at 74 FR 50735, Oct. 1, 2009]","All controlled carriers shall be subject to provisions of this part and section 9 of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. 40701-40706) except those which meet the following exceptions: (a) When the vessels of the controlling state are entitled by a treaty of the United States to receive national or most-favored-nation treatment; or (b) When the controlled carrier operates in a trade served exclusively by controlled carriers." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.6,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.6 Level of rates and charges generally.,FMC,,,,"No controlled carrier may maintain or enforce rates or charges in its tariffs or service contracts that are below a level that is just and reasonable. No controlled carrier may establish or maintain unjust or unreasonable classifications, rules, or regulations in its tariffs or service contracts. An unjust or unreasonable classification, rule or regulation means one that results or is likely to result in the carriage or handling of cargo at rates or charges that are below a just and reasonable level. See § 565.9(a)(2) (Rate standards)." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.7,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.7 Effective dates.,FMC,,,"[64 FR 8010, Feb. 18, 1999, as amended at 74 FR 50735, Oct. 1, 2009]","(a) Generally. Except for service contracts, the rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations of controlled carriers may not, unless the Commission has granted special permission, become effective sooner than the 30th day after the date of publication. (b) Open rates —(1) Generally. Controlled carriers that are members of conference agreements publishing rates for commodities designated as open by the conference are subject to the 30-day controlled carrier notice requirement, except when special permission is granted by the Commission under § 565.8. (2) Conference publication of reduced open rates. Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(1) of this section, a conference may, on less than 30 days' notice, publish reduced rates on behalf of controlled carrier members for open-rated commodities: (i) At or above the minimum level set by the conference; or (ii) At or above the level set by a member of the conference that has not been determined by the Commission to be a controlled carrier subject to section 9 of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. 40701-40706). (c) Independent action rates of controlled carriers. Conferences may publish on behalf of their controlled carrier members lower independent action rates on less than 30 days' notice, subject to the requirements of their basic agreements and subject to such rates being published at or above the level set by a member of the conference that has not been determined by the Commission to be a controlled carrier subject to section 9 of the Shipping Act of 1984." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.8,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,§ 565.8 Special permission.,FMC,,,"[64 FR 8010, Feb. 18, 1999, as amended at 74 FR 50735, Oct. 1, 2009]","Section 8(d) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. 40501(e)) authorizes the Commission, in its discretion and for good cause shown, to permit increases or decreases in rates, or the issuance of new or initial rates, on less than statutory notice under § 565.7. Section 9(c) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. 40703, 40704(a)) authorizes the Commission to permit a controlled carrier's rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations to become effective on less than 30 days' notice. The Commission may also in its discretion and for good cause shown, permit departures from the requirements of this part. The Commission will consider such requests for special permission by controlled carriers pursuant to its procedures set forth at 46 CFR part 520." 46:46:9.0.1.3.25.0.1.9,46,Shipping,IV,C,565,PART 565—CONTROLLED CARRIERS,,,,"§ 565.9 Commission review, suspension and prohibition of rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations.",FMC,,,,"(a)(1) Request for justification. Within 20 days of a request (with respect to its existing or proposed rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations) from the Commission, each controlled carrier shall file a statement of justification that sufficiently details the controlled carrier's need and purpose for such rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations upon which the Commission may reasonably base its determination of the lawfulness thereof. (2) Rate standards. (i) In determining whether rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations by a controlled carrier are just and reasonable, the Commission shall take into account whether the rates or charges which have been published or assessed or which would result from the pertinent rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations are below a level which is fully compensatory to the controlled carrier based upon that carrier's actual or constructive costs. (ii) For the purposes of paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, constructive costs means the costs of another carrier, other than a controlled carrier, operating similar vessels and equipment in the same or a similar trade. (iii) The Commission may also take into account other appropriate factors, including, but not limited to, whether: (A) The rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations are the same as or similar to those published or assessed by other carriers in the same trade; (B) The rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations are required to assure movement of particular cargo in the trade; or (C) The rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations are required to maintain acceptable continuity, level or quality of common carrier service to or from affected ports. (3) Time for determination. The Commission shall determine within 120 days of the receipt of information requested by the Commission under this section, whether the rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations of a controlled carrier may be unjust and unreasonable. Whenever the Commission is of the opinion that the rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations published or assessed by a controlled carrier may be unjust and unreasonable, the Commission shall issue an order to the controlled carrier to show cause why those rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations should not be prohibited. (b) Suspension. Pending a decision on whether to prohibit the rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations of a controlled carrier, the Commission may suspend the rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations. See § 565.10. (c) Prohibition. The Commission shall prohibit the use of any rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations that the controlled carrier has failed to demonstrate to be just and reasonable. In a proceeding under this paragraph, the burden of proof is on the controlled carrier to demonstrate that its rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations are just and reasonable. The use of rates, charges, classifications, rules or regulations published or assessed by a controlled carrier that have been suspended or prohibited by the Commission is unlawful. (d) Publication. All final orders of prohibition shall be published in the Federal Register." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.1.7.1,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,,Subpart A—General Applicability of Subparts,,§ 565.1 Purpose and scope.,NHTSA,,,,"This part specifies the format, content and physical requirements for a vehicle identification number (VIN) system and its installation to simplify vehicle identification information retrieval and to increase the accuracy and efficiency of vehicle recall campaigns." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.1.7.2,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,,Subpart A—General Applicability of Subparts,,§ 565.2 Application.,NHTSA,,,"[73 FR 28370, May 16, 2008]","(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, subpart B of this part 565 applies to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, trailers (including trailer kits), incomplete vehicles, low speed vehicles, and motorcycles manufactured on or after October 27, 2008 whose VINs have a letter “A” or “B” in the 10th position, and to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, trailers (including trailer kits), incomplete vehicles, low speed vehicles, and motorcycles manufactured on or after April 30, 2009. Vehicles imported into the United States under 49 CFR 591.5(f), other than by the corporation responsible for the assembly of that vehicle or a subsidiary of such a corporation, are excluded from requirements of §§ 565.13(b), 565.13(c), 565.13(g), 565.13(h), 565.14 and 565.15. (2) All motor vehicles identified as model year 2009 or earlier vehicles by their manufacturer must comply with subpart C of this part 565. (b) Subpart B of this part 565 applies to vehicles manufactured on or after April 30, 2008 and before April 30, 2009, whose vehicle identification number (VIN) does not have a letter “A” or “B” in the 10th position of the VIN and that are not identified as model year 2009 or earlier vehicles by their manufacturer." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.2.7.1,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,B,Subpart B—VIN Requirements,,§ 565.10 Purpose and scope.,NHTSA,,,,"This part specifies the format, content and physical requirements for a vehicle identification number (VIN) system and its installation to simplify vehicle identification information retrieval and to increase the accuracy and efficiency of vehicle recall campaigns." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.2.7.2,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,B,Subpart B—VIN Requirements,,§ 565.11 Applicability.,NHTSA,,,"[73 FR 23379, Apr. 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 28371, May 16, 2008]","See subpart A of this part 565 regarding the general applicability of this subpart. This part applies to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, trailers (including trailer kits), incomplete vehicles, low speed vehicles, and motorcycles manufactured on or after October 27, 2008 whose VINs have a letter “A” or “B” in the 10th position, and to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, trailers (including trailer kits), incomplete vehicles, low speed vehicles, and motorcycles manufactured on or after April 30 2009 that are not identified by their manufacturer as model year 2009 or earlier vehicles. Vehicles imported into the United States under 49 CFR 591.5(f), other than by the corporation responsible for the assembly of that vehicle or a subsidiary of such a corporation, are excluded from requirements of §§ 565.13(b), 565.13(c), 565.13(g), 565.13(h), 565.14 and § 565.15." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.2.7.3,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,B,Subpart B—VIN Requirements,,§ 565.12 Definitions.,NHTSA,,,"[87 FR 13231, Mar. 9, 2022]","(a) Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Definitions. Unless otherwise indicated, all terms used in this part that are defined in 49 CFR 571.3 are used as defined in 49 CFR 571.3. (b) Other definitions. As used in this part— Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo carrying features and the roofline ( e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback). Check digit means a single number or the letter X used to verify the accuracy of the transcription of the vehicle identification number. Engine type means a power source with defined characteristics such as fuel utilized, number of cylinders, displacement, and net brake horsepower. The specific manufacturer and make shall be represented if the engine powers a passenger car or a multipurpose passenger vehicle, or truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 kg (10,000 lb) or less. High-volume manufacturer, for purposes of this part, means a manufacturer of 1,000 or more vehicles of a given type each year. Incomplete vehicle means an assemblage consisting, as a minimum, of frame and chassis structure, power train, steering system, suspension system and braking system, to the extent that those systems are to be part of the completed vehicle, that requires further manufacturing operations, other than the addition of readily attachable components, such as mirrors, or tire and rim assemblies, or minor finishing operations such as painting, to become a completed vehicle. Line means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles within a make which have a degree of commonality in construction, such as body, chassis or cab type. Low-volume manufacturer, for purposes of this part, means a manufacturer of fewer than 1,000 vehicles of a given type each year. Make means a name that a manufacturer applies to a group of vehicles or engines. Manufacturer means a person— (1) Manufacturing or assembling motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment; or (2) Importing motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment for resale. Manufacturer identifier means the first three digits of a VIN of a vehicle manufactured by a high-volume manufacturer, and the first three digits of a VIN and the twelfth through fourteenth digits of a VIN of a vehicle manufactured by a low-volume manufacturer. Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type. Model year means the year used to designate a discrete vehicle model, irrespective of the calendar year in which the vehicle was actually produced, provided that the production period does not exceed 24 months. Original model year of a replicated vehicle means the stated model year of a vehicle that has been replicated pursuant to 49 CFR part 586. Plant of manufacture means the plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN. Replica motor vehicle means a motor vehicle meeting the definition of replica motor vehicle in 49 CFR part 586. Replica model year means the calendar year in which a replica motor vehicle was manufactured. Series means a name that a manufacturer applies to a subdivision of a “line” denoting price, size or weight identification and that is used by the manufacturer for marketing purposes. Trailer kit means a trailer that is fabricated and delivered in complete but unassembled form and that is designed to be assembled without special machinery or tools. Type means a class of vehicle distinguished by common traits, including design and purpose. Passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, trailers, incomplete vehicles, low speed vehicles, and motorcycles are separate types. VIN means a series of Arabic numbers and Roman letters that is assigned to a motor vehicle for identification purposes." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.2.7.4,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,B,Subpart B—VIN Requirements,,§ 565.13 General requirements.,NHTSA,,,"[73 FR 23379, Apr. 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 67977, Dec. 22, 2009]","(a) Each vehicle manufactured in one stage shall have a VIN that is assigned by the manufacturer. Each vehicle manufactured in more than one stage shall have a VIN assigned by the incomplete vehicle manufacturer. Vehicle alterers, as specified in 49 CFR 567.7, shall utilize the VIN assigned by the original manufacturer of the vehicle. (b) Each VIN shall consist of seventeen (17) characters. (c) A check digit shall be part of each VIN. The check digit shall appear in position nine (9) of the VIN, on the vehicle and on any transfer documents containing the VIN prepared by the manufacturer to be given to the first owner for purposes other than resale. (d) The VINs of any two vehicles subject to the Federal motor vehicle safety standards and manufactured within a 60-year period beginning with the 1980 model year shall not be identical. (e) The VIN of each vehicle shall appear clearly and indelibly upon either a part of the vehicle, other than the glazing, that is not designed to be removed except for repair or upon a separate plate or label that is permanently affixed to such a part. (f) The VIN for passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, low speed vehicles, and trucks of 4536 kg or less GVWR shall be located inside the passenger compartment. It shall be readable, without moving any part of the vehicle, through the vehicle glazing under daylight lighting conditions by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen) whose eye-point is located outside the vehicle adjacent to the left windshield pillar. Each character in the VIN subject to this paragraph shall have a minimum height of 4 mm. (g) Each character in each VIN shall be one of the letters in the set: [ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ] or a numeral in the set: [0123456789] assigned according to the method given in § 565.15. (h) All spaces provided for in the VIN must be occupied by a character specified in paragraph (g) of this section. (i) The type face utilized for each VIN shall consist of capital, sanserif characters." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.2.7.5,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,B,Subpart B—VIN Requirements,,§ 565.14 Motor vehicles imported into the United States.,NHTSA,,,,"(a) Importers shall utilize the VIN assigned by the original manufacturer of the motor vehicle. (b) All passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, low speed vehicles and trucks of 4536 kg or less GVWR certified by a Registered Importer under 49 CFR part 592 whose VINs do not comply with part 565.13 and 565.14 shall have a plate or label that contains the following statement, in characters that have a minimum height of 4 mm and the identification number assigned by the vehicle's original manufacturer inserted in the blank: SUBSTITUTE FOR U.S. VIN: __________ SEE 49 CFR PART 565. The plate or label shall conform to § 565.13 (h) and (i). The plate or label shall be permanently affixed inside the passenger compartment. The plate or label shall be readable, without moving any part of the vehicle, through the vehicle glazing under daylight conditions by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen) whose eye-point is located outside the vehicle adjacent to the left windshield pillar. It shall be located in such a manner as not to cover, obscure, or overlay any part of any identification number affixed by the original manufacturer. Motor vehicles conforming to Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 115 are exempt from this paragraph." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.2.7.6,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,B,Subpart B—VIN Requirements,,§ 565.15 Content requirements.,NHTSA,,,"[73 FR 23379, Apr. 30, 2008, as amended at 87 FR 13232, Mar. 9, 2022]","(a) The first section shall consist of three characters that occupy positions one through three (1-3) in the VIN. This section shall uniquely identify the manufacturer and type of the motor vehicle if the manufacturer is a high-volume manufacturer. If the manufacturer is a low-volume manufacturer, positions one through three (1-3) along with positions twelve through fourteen (12-14) in the VIN shall uniquely identify the manufacturer and type of the motor vehicle. These characters are assigned in accordance with § 565.16(a). A “9” shall be placed in the third position of the VIN if the manufacturer identifier is six characters. A “9” in the third position always indicates the presence of a six-character manufacturer identifier. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration offers access to manufacturer identifier assignments via its search engine at the following Internet Web site: http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/manufacture. (b) The second section shall consist of five characters, which occupy positions four through eight (4-8) in the VIN. This section shall uniquely identify the attributes of the vehicle as specified in Table I. For passenger cars, and for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4536 kg (10,000 lb) or less, the fourth character (position 7) of this section shall be alphabetic. The characters utilized and their placement within the section may be determined by the manufacturer, but the specified attributes must be decipherable with information supplied by the manufacturer in accordance with § 565.16(c). In submitting the required information to NHTSA relating gross vehicle weight rating, the designations in Table II shall be used. The use of these designations within the VIN itself is not required. Tables I and II follow: Table I—Type of Vehicle and Information Decipherable Table II—Gross Vehicle Weight Rating Classes (c) The third section shall consist of one character, which occupies position nine (9) in the VIN. This section shall be the check digit whose purpose is to provide a means for verifying the accuracy of any VIN transcription. After all other characters in VIN have been determined by the manufacturer, the check digit shall be calculated by carrying out the mathematical computation specified in paragraphs (c) (1) through (4) of this section. (1) Assign to each number in the VIN its actual mathematical value and assign to each letter the value specified for it in Table III, as follows: Table III—Assigned Values (2) Multiply the assigned value for each character in the VIN by the position weight factor specified in Table IV, as follows: Table IV—VIN Position and Weight Factor (3) Add the resulting products and divide the total by 11. (4) The check digit is based on either the Fractional Remainder or the Decimal Equivalent Remainder as reflected in Table V. All Decimal Equivalent Remainders in Table V are rounded to the nearest thousandth. The check digit, zero through nine (0-9) or the letter “X” shall appear in VIN position nine (9). Table V—Ninth Position Check Digit Values [Rounded to the nearest thousandth] (5) A sample check digit calculation is shown in Table VI as follows: Table VI—Calculation of a Check Digit Add products: 8 + 49 + 24 + 5 + 32 + 15 + 18 + 80 + 0 + 45 + 56 + 7 + 6 + 40 + 12 + 12 + 2 = 411. Divide by 11: 411/11 = 37 4/11 or 37.3636. If the fourth digit is 5 or greater, round up. If the fourth digit is 4 or smaller, round down. In the example above, the remainder is 4/11 or 0.364 when rounded up. Looking up the remainder in Table V—Ninth Position Check Digit Values indicates that “4” is the check digit to be inserted in position nine (9) of the VIN for this sample digit calculation. (d) The fourth section shall consist of eight characters, which occupy positions ten through seventeen (10-17) of the VIN. The last five (5) characters of this section shall be numeric for passenger cars and for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4536 kg. (10,000 lbs.) or less, and the last four (4) characters shall be numeric for all other vehicles. (1) The first character of the fourth section shall represent the vehicle model year. The year shall be designated as indicated in Table VII as follows: Table VII—Year Codes for VIN Note to Table VII: For passenger cars, and for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4536 kg (10,000 lb) or less, if position 7 is numeric, the Model Year in position 10 of the VIN refers to a year in the range 1980-2009. If position 7 is alphabetic, the Model Year in Position 10 of the VIN refers to a year in the range 2010-2039. (2) The second character of the fourth section shall represent the plant of manufacture. (3) The third through the eighth characters of the fourth section (positions 12 through 17) shall represent the number sequentially assigned by the manufacturer in the production process if the manufacturer is a high-volume manufacturer. If a manufacturer is a low-volume manufacturer, the third, fourth, and fifth characters of the fourth section (positions 12, 13, and 14), combined with the three characters of the first section (positions 1, 2, and 3), shall uniquely identify the manufacturer and type of the motor vehicle and the sixth, seventh, and eighth characters of the fourth section (positions 15, 16, and 17) shall represent the number sequentially assigned by the manufacturer in the production process." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.2.7.7,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,B,Subpart B—VIN Requirements,,§ 565.16 Reporting requirements.,NHTSA,,,,"The information collection requirements contained in this part have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq ) and have been assigned OMB Control Number 2127-0510. (a) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has contracted with the SAE International to coordinate the assignment of manufacturer identifiers to manufacturers in the United States. Manufacturer identifiers will be supplied by SAE at no charge. All requests for assignments of manufacturer identifiers should be forwarded directly to: SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, 15096, Attention: WMI Coordinator (telephone: 724-776-4841). Any requests for identifiers submitted to NHTSA will be forwarded to SAE. Manufacturers may request a specific identifier or may request only assignment of an identifier(s). SAE will review requests for specific identifiers to determine that they do not conflict with an identifier already assigned or block of identifiers already reserved. SAE will confirm the assignments in writing to the requester. Once confirmed by SAE, the identifier need not be resubmitted to NHTSA. (b) Manufacturers of vehicles subject to this part shall submit, either directly or through an agent, the unique identifier for each make and type of vehicle it manufactures at least 60 days before affixing the first VIN using the identifier. Manufacturers whose unique identifier appears in the fourth section of the VIN shall also submit the three characters of the first section that constitutes a part of their identifier. (c) Manufacturers of vehicles subject to the requirements of this part shall submit to NHTSA the information necessary to decipher the characters contained in its VINs. Amendments to this information shall be submitted to the agency for VINs containing an amended coding. The agency will not routinely provide written approvals of these submissions, but will contact the manufacturer should any corrections to these submissions be necessary. (d) The information required under paragraph (c) of this section shall be submitted at least 60 days prior to offering for sale the first vehicle identified by a VIN containing that information, or if information concerning vehicle characteristics sufficient to specify the VIN code is unavailable to the manufacturer by that date, then within one week after that information first becomes available. The information shall be addressed to: Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20590, Attention: VIN Coordinator." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.3.7.1,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,C,Subpart C—Alternative VIN Requirements In Effect for Limited Period,,§ 565.20 Purpose and scope.,NHTSA,,,,"This part specifies the format, content and physical requirements for a vehicle identification number (VIN) system and its installation to simplify vehicle identification information retrieval and to increase the accuracy and efficiency of vehicle recall campaigns." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.3.7.2,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,C,Subpart C—Alternative VIN Requirements In Effect for Limited Period,,§ 565.21 Applicability.,NHTSA,,,"[73 FR 23379, Apr. 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 28371, May 16, 2008]","See subpart A of this part 565 regarding the applicability of this subpart. This part applies to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, trailers (including trailer kits), incomplete vehicles, and motorcycles. Vehicles imported into the United States under 49 CFR 591.5(f), other than by the corporation responsible for the assembly of that vehicle or a subsidiary of such a corporation, are excluded from requirements of § 565.23(b), §§ 565.23(c), 565.23(g), 565.23(h), 565.24 and 565.25." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.3.7.3,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,C,Subpart C—Alternative VIN Requirements In Effect for Limited Period,,§ 565.22 Definitions.,NHTSA,,,,"(a) Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Definitions. Unless otherwise indicated, all terms used in this part that are defined in 49 CFR 571.3 are used as defined in 49 CFR 571.3. (b) Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline ( e.g. , sedan, fastback, hatchback). (c) Check digit means a single number or the letter X used to verify the accuracy of the transcription of the vehicle identification number. (d) Engine type means a power source with defined characteristics such as fuel utilized, number of cylinders, displacement, and net brake horsepower. The specific manufacturer and make shall be represented if the engine powers a passenger car or a multipurpose passenger vehicle, or truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4536 kg. (10,000 lbs.) or less. (e) Incomplete vehicle means an assemblage consisting, as a minimum, of frame and chassis structure, power train, steering system, suspension system and braking system, to the extent that those systems are to be part of the completed vehicle, that requires further manufacturing operations, other than the addition of readily attachable components, such as mirrors or tire and rim assemblies, or minor finishing operations such as painting, to become a completed vehicle. (f) Line means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles within a make which have a degree of commonality in construction, such as body, chassis or cab type. (g) Make means a name that a manufacturer applies to a group of vehicles or engines. (h) Manufacturer means a person— (1) Manufacturing or assembling motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment; or (2) Importing motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment for resale. (i) Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type. (j) Model Year means the year used to designate a discrete vehicle model, irrespective of the calendar year in which the vehicle was actually produced, provided that the production period does not exceed 24 months. (k) Plant of manufacture means the plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN. (l) Series means a name that a manufacturer applies to a subdivision of a “line” denoting price, size or weight identification and that is used by the manufacturer for marketing purposes. (m) Trailer kit means a trailer that is fabricated and delivered in complete but unassembled form and that is designed to be assembled without special machinery or tools. (n) Type means a class of vehicle distinguished by common traits, including design and purpose. Passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, trailers, incomplete vehicles and motorcycles are separate types. (o) VIN means a series of Arabic numbers and Roman letters that is assigned to a motor vehicle for identification purposes." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.3.7.4,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,C,Subpart C—Alternative VIN Requirements In Effect for Limited Period,,§ 565.23 General requirements.,NHTSA,,,"[73 FR 23379, Apr. 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 67977, Dec. 22, 2009]","(a) Each vehicle manufactured in one stage shall have a VIN that is assigned by the manufacturer. Each vehicle manufactured in more than one stage shall have a VIN assigned by the incomplete vehicle manufacturer. Vehicle alterers, as specified in 49 CFR 567.7, shall utilize the VIN assigned by the original manufacturer of the vehicle. (b) Each VIN shall consist of seventeen (17) characters. (c) A check digit shall be part of each VIN. The check digit shall appear in position nine (9) of the VIN, on the vehicle and on any transfer documents containing the VIN prepared by the manufacturer to be given to the first owner for purposes other than resale. (d) The VINs of any two vehicles manufactured within a 30-year period shall not be identical. (e) The VIN of each vehicle shall appear clearly and indelibly upon either a part of the vehicle, other than the glazing, that is not designed to be removed except for repair or upon a separate plate or label that is permanently affixed to such a part. (f) The VIN for passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks of 4536 kg or less GVWR shall be located inside the passenger compartment. It shall be readable, without moving any part of the vehicle, through the vehicle glazing under daylight lighting conditions by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen) whose eye-point is located outside the vehicle adjacent to the left windshield pillar. Each character in the VIN subject to this paragraph shall have a minimum height of 4 mm. (g) Each character in each VIN shall be one of the letters in the set: [ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ] or a numeral in the set: [0123456789] assigned according to the method given in § 565.25. (h) All spaces provided for in the VIN must be occupied by a character specified in paragraph (g) of this section. (i) The type face utilized for each VIN shall consist of capital, sanserif characters." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.3.7.5,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,C,Subpart C—Alternative VIN Requirements In Effect for Limited Period,,§ 565.24 Motor vehicles imported into the United States.,NHTSA,,,,"(a) Importers shall utilize the VIN assigned by the original manufacturer of the motor vehicle. (b) A passenger car certified by a Registered Importer under 49 CFR part 592 shall have a plate or label that contains the following statement, in characters with a minimum height of 4 mm, with the identification number assigned by the original manufacturer provided in the blank: SUBSTITUTE FOR U.S. VIN:______SEE PART 565. The plate or label shall conform to § 565.23 (h) and (i). The plate or label shall be permanently affixed inside the passenger compartment. The plate or label shall be readable, without moving any part of the vehicle, through the vehicle glazing under daylight lighting conditions by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen) whose eye-point is located outside the vehicle adjacent to the left windshield pillar. It shall be located in such a manner as not to cover, obscure, or overlay any part of any identification number affixed by the original manufacturer. Passenger cars conforming to Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 115 are exempt from this paragraph." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.3.7.6,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,C,Subpart C—Alternative VIN Requirements In Effect for Limited Period,,§ 565.25 Content requirements.,NHTSA,,,,"The VIN shall consist of four sections of characters which shall be grouped accordingly: (a) The first section shall consist of three characters that occupy positions one through three (1-3) in the VIN. This section shall uniquely identify the manufacturer, make and type of the motor vehicle if its manufacturer produces 500 or more motor vehicles of its type annually. If the manufacturer produces less than 500 motor vehicles of its type annually, these characters along with the third, fourth and fifth characters of the fourth section shall uniquely identify the manufacturer, make and type of the motor vehicle. These characters are assigned in accordance with § 565.26(a). (b) The second section shall consist of five characters, which occupy positions four through eight (4-8) in the VIN. This section shall uniquely identify the attributes of the vehicle as specified in Table VIII. For passenger cars, and for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4536 kg (10,000 lb) or less, the first and second characters shall be alphabetic and the third and fourth characters shall be numeric. The fifth character may be either alphabetic or numeric. The characters utilized and their placement within the section may be determined by the manufacturer, but the specified attributes must be decipherable with information supplied by the manufacturer in accordance with § 565.26(c). In submitting the required information to NHTSA relating to gross vehicle weight rating, the designations in Table IX shall be used. The use of these designations within the VIN itself is not required. Tables VIII and IX follow: Table VIII—Type of Vehicle and Information Decipherable Note to Table VIII: Engine net brake horsepower when encoded in the VIN shall differ by no more than 10 percent from the actual net brake horsepower; shall in the case of motorcycle with an actual net brake horsepower of 2 or less, be not more than 2; and shall be greater than 2 in the case of a motorcycle with an actual brake horsepower greater than 2. Table IX—Gross Vehicle Weight Rating Classes (c) The third section shall consist of one character, which occupies position nine (9) in the VIN. This section shall be the check digit whose purpose is to provide a means for verifying the accuracy of any VIN transcription. After all other characters in VIN have been determined by the manufacturer, the check digit shall be calculated by carrying out the mathematical computation specified in paragraphs (c) (1) through (4) of this section. (1) Assign to each number in the VIN its actual mathematical value and assign to each letter the value specified for it in Table X, as follows: Table X—Assigned Values (2) Multiply the assigned value for each character in the VIN by the position weight factor specified in Table XI, as follows: Table XI—VIN Position and Weight Factor (3) Add the resulting products and divide the total by 11. (4) The numerical remainder is the check digit. If the remainder is 10 the letter “X” shall be used to designate the check digit. The correct numeric remainder, zero through nine (0-9) or the letter “X,” shall appear in VIN position nine (9). (5) A sample check digit calculation is shown in Table XII as follows: Table XII—Calculation of a Check Digit Add products: 8 + 49 + 24 + 5 + 32 + 15 + 18 + 80 + 0 + 45 + 56 + 7 + 6 + 40 + 12 + 12 + 2 = 411. Divide by 11: 411/11 = 37 4/11. The remainder is 4; this is the check digit to be inserted in position nine (9) of the VIN. (d) The fourth section shall consist of eight characters, which occupy positions ten through seventeen (10-17) of the VIN. The last five (5) characters of this section shall be numeric for passenger cars and for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4536 kg. (10,000 lbs.) or less, and the last four (4) characters shall be numeric for all other vehicles. (1) The first character of the fourth section shall represent the vehicle model year. The year shall be designated as indicated in Table XIII as follows: Table XIII—Year Codes for VIN (2) The second character of the fourth section shall represent the plant of manufacture. (3) The third through the eighth characters of the fourth section shall represent the number sequentially assigned by the manufacturer in the production process if the manufacturer produces 500 or more vehicles of its type annually. If the manufacturer produces less than 500 motor vehicles of its type annually, the third, fourth and fifth characters of the fourth section, combined with the three characters of the first section, shall uniquely identify the manufacturer, make and type of the motor vehicle and the sixth, seventh, and eighth characters of the fourth section shall represent the number sequentially assigned by the manufacturer in the production process." 49:49:6.1.2.3.35.3.7.7,49,Transportation,V,,565,PART 565—VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS,C,Subpart C—Alternative VIN Requirements In Effect for Limited Period,,§ 565.26 Reporting requirements.,NHTSA,,,"[47 FR 7248, Feb. 18, 1982, as amended at 87 FR 13232, Mar. 9, 2023]","The information collection requirements contained in this part have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. ) and have been assigned OMB Control Number 2127-0510. (a) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has contracted with the SAE International (SAE) to coordinate the assignment of manufacturer identifiers. Manufacturer identifiers will be supplied by SAE at no charge. All requests for assignments of manufacturer identifiers should be forwarded directly to: SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15096, Attention: WMI Coordinator. Any requests for identifiers submitted to NHTSA will be forwarded to SAE. Manufacturers may request a specific identifier or may request only assignment of an identifier(s). SAE will review requests for specific identifiers to determine that they do not conflict with an identifier already assigned or block of identifiers already reserved. SAE will confirm the assignments in writing to the requester. Once confirmed by SAE, the identifier need not be resubmitted to NHTSA. (b) Manufacturers of vehicles subject to this part shall submit, either directly or through an agent, the unique identifier for each make and type of vehicle it manufactures at least 60 days before affixing the first VIN using the identifier. Manufacturers whose unique identifier appears in the fourth section of the VIN shall also submit the three characters of the first section that constitutes a part of their identifier. (c) Manufacturers of vehicles subject to the requirements of this part shall submit to NHTSA the information necessary to decipher the characters contained in its VINs. Amendments to this information shall be submitted to the agency for VINs containing an amended coding. The agency will not routinely provide written approvals of these submissions, but will contact the manufacturer should any corrections to these submissions be necessary. (d) The information required under paragraph (c) of this section shall be submitted at least 60 days prior to offering for sale the first vehicle identified by a VIN containing that information, or if information concerning vehicle characteristics sufficient to specify the VIN code is unavailable to the manufacturer by that date, then within one week after that information first becomes available. The information shall be submitted to https://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov/ or to: Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, ATTN: VIN Coordinator, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590. Manufacturers of replica motor vehicles shall furnish the information by using the portal at https://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov/."